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Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the prostate in young adults is exceedingly rare. Case presentation: A 27 year-old male presented with 2-month history of lower urinary tract symptoms. Prostate was enlarged smooth nontender with no nodularities. PET-CT showed prominent iliac chain lymph nodes, enlarged spleen and multiple osseous lytic and blastic lesions.

This research on the effect of interval training on 100 meter running speed has been widely done in sports. Various researchers explain that interval training is very influential in increasing the speed of running 100 meters, but each study reports different results. This difference causes the need to conduct inclusive data analysis to provide comprehensive information about the importance of interval training to increase 100-meter running speed in athletic athletes. This method must be done by collecting data from research results indexed on Google Scholar by searching for research published in the range of 2010-2021. The search for the results of this study was carried out by entering two keywords, namely the first keyword "interval" AND "100 meter run" AND "journal" OR "journal" with the results found 224 articles and the second keyword is "interval" AND "100 meter sprint" with the results found 139 articles. Data on articles that already fit the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken to determine the effect size (ES) and standard error (SE) values. The results of this study show the value of the RE estimate and FE model 11.243 junior high school criteria and the value of the RE estimate and FE model 9.786 athlete criteria which means that this interval training has a significant effect on the junior high school level and athletes who focus specifically on 100 meter running speed. This research is only limited to 100-meter sprints in junior high school students and athletes, it is recommended that future researchers examine other sports and other subjects.

Sports and activity programs play a significant role in children's overall physical activity levels to allow them to benefit from participating in physical activity during the pandemic. The researcher seeks to provide guidelines that will benefit all students who participate in physical education. This study aimed to determine the interest in athletics and engagement in home-based physical fitness activities of pre-service physical education teachers at Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar, to determine its implications for teaching physical education. It specifically addressed the respondents' level of interest in athletics, their engagement in home-based physical fitness activities, the significant relationship between the two variables, and suggested activities to increase respondents' interest in athletics through participation in home-based physical fitness activities. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to assess 62 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Physical Education program at the Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar campus. Using a self-madequestionnaire and appropriate statistical measures, the obtained results revealed that the majority of respondents engage in home-based physical fitness activities; however, bodyweight training is more engaging than anaerobic exercise. The data also showed a significant relationship between athletic interest levels and home-based physical fitness activities. The majority of responders are pre-service physical education instructors. The recommended activities to increase respondents' interest in athletics can be accomplished through participation in home-based physical fitness activities., Program olahraga dan aktivitas memainkan peran penting dalam tingkat aktivitas fisik anak-anak secara keseluruhan untuk memungkinkan mereka mendapatkan manfaat dari berpartisipasi dalam aktivitas fisik selama pandemi. Peneliti berusaha untuk memberikan pedoman yang akan bermanfaat bagi semua siswa yang berpartisipasi dalam pendidikan jasmani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat atletik dan keterlibatan dalam kegiatan kebugaran jasmani berbasis rumah guru pendidikan jasmani pra-layanan di Universitas Negeri Batangas JPLPC-Malvar, untuk mengetahui implikasinya terhadap pengajaran pendidikan jasmani. Ini secara khusus membahas tingkat minat responden dalam atletik, keterlibatan mereka dalam kegiatan kebugaran fisik berbasis rumah, hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua variabel, dan kegiatan yang disarankan untuk meningkatkan minat responden pada atletik melalui partisipasi dalam kegiatan kebugaran fisik berbasis rumah. Studi deskriptif-korelasional ini dilakukan untuk menilai 62 mahasiswa yang terdaftar dalam program Sarjana Pendidikan Jasmani di kampus JPLPC-Malvar Universitas Negeri Batangas. Menggunakan kuesioner buatan sendiri dan langkah-langkah statistik yang tepat, hasil yang diperoleh mengungkapkan bahwa mayoritas responden terlibat dalam kegiatan kebugaran fisik berbasis rumah; Namun, latihan berat badan lebih menarik daripada latihan anaerob. Data juga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat minat atletik dan aktivitas kebugaran fisik berbasis rumah. Mayoritas responden adalah instruktur pendidikan jasmani pra-layanan. Kegiatan yang direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan minat responden pada atletik dapat dicapai melalui partisipasi dalam kegiatan kebugaran fisik berbasis rumah.

The present study utilized high-impact polystyrene, a polymer with good mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, for its potential as a filter material and matrix for nanozeolite – a well-known adsorbent for wastewater treatment. Different concentrations of nanozeolite (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%) were added to the high-impact polystyrene matrix and were fabricated intocomposite membranes via hand-casting method. The membranes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Contact Angle Goniometer to discuss their functionality in the removal of nanocontaminants from wastewater like dyes. Results showed that nanozeolite can control the porosity and pore size of the High-impact polystyrene polymer while also improving its hydrophilicity; these are important considerations in the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.

Introduction Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, neutrophilic dermatosis that is a well-established extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The clinical implications of developing PG in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who undergo total proctocolectomy colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (TPC-IPAA) surgery remains unknown. Methods Study participants were selected from patients enrolled in the Carlino Family Inflammatory Bowel and Colorectal Disease Biobank between 1998 and 2021 with a pre-colectomy diagnosis of UC and who underwent TPC-IPAA surgery. A retrospective study comparing patients with PG and those without PG was performed. The outcomes that were measured included development of pouchitis, pouchitis classification, presence of pouch fistula, anal fistula, anal stenosis, and pouch failure. Results In this study, 357 IPAA patients were included, 10 of whom suffered PG. Patients with PG and without PG had similar demographics and clinical characteristics. Both groups had similar rates of pouchitis (80% in PG patients and 64% in patients without PG, p=0.504). However, IPAA patients with PG had a higher risk of developing pouch fistula (50% vs 10%, p=0.002), anal fistula (40% vs 12%, p=0.031), and Crohn’s-like disease of the pouch (70% vs 15%, p=0.003) compared to patients without PG. Patients who developed PG prior to their first episode of pouchitis were more likely to eventually experience pouch failure (OR: 20.7, 95% CI: 3.9, 110.7, q=0.003 after FDR adjustment). Conclusions Among UC patients who undergo TPC-IPAA surgery, development of PG portends poor pouch outcomes and is predictive of pouch failure.

Aging is associated with auditory nerve (AN) functional deficits and decreased inhibition in the central auditory system, amplifying central responses in a process referred to here as central gain. Although central gain increases response amplitudes, central gain may not restore disrupted response timing. In this translational study, we measured responses putatively generated by the AN and auditory midbrain in younger and older mice and humans. We hypothesized that older mice and humans exhibit increased central gain without an improvement in inter-trial synchrony in the midbrain. Our data demonstrated greater age-related deficits in AN response amplitudes than auditory midbrain response amplitudes, as shown by significant interactions between inferred neural generator and age group, indicating increased central gain in auditory midbrain. However, synchrony decreases with age in both the AN and midbrain responses. These results reveal age-related increases in central gain without concomitant improvements in synchrony, consistent with those predictions based on decreases in inhibition. Persistent decreases in synchrony may contribute to auditory processing deficits in older mice and humans.

The patient is a 35-year-old Filipino man, diagnosed with Hemophilia A since birth, who presented with an enlarged right thigh with multiple masses. This paper will discuss the following issues: 1) how to differentiate pseudotumor from primary bone malignancy and 2) to describe how patients with hemophilia should be prepared for surgery.

Early intervention can provide a great benefit for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no single intervention is effective for all children. Even when an intervention is effective overall, individual child response varies. Some children make incredible progress, and others make slow or no progress. Therefore, it is important that the field move towards developing methods to personalize intervention. Operationalizing meaningful change and predicting intervention response are critical steps in designing systematic and personalized early intervention. The present research used improvement in expressive language to group children that received a targeted social communication early intervention, Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (JASPER), into super responders and slow responders. Using baseline data from traditional standardized assessments of cognition and behavioral data from validated experimental measures of play and social communication, we used conditional inference tree models to predict responder status. From a sample of 99 preschool age, limited language children with ASD, play diversity was the most significant predictor of responder status. Children that played functionally with a wider variety of toys had increased odds of being a super responder to JASPER. A combination of lower play diversity and impairments in fine motor abilities increased the odds of children being slow responders to JASPER. Results from the present study can inform future efforts to individualize intervention and systematic approaches to augmenting treatment in real time. LAY SUMMARY: To help us answer the question of for whom an intervention works best, we examined 99 children, age three to five, who qualified as being limited spoken language communicators, and received a targeted intervention for social communication and language. We used child characteristics before intervention to predict which children would improve their language the most and found that the ability to play appropriately with a wider variety of toys predicted the best improvements in expressive language. These findings will help better inform future work to individualize intervention based on the unique needs of each child.

Obesity increases asthma prevalence and severity. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and consequently, therapeutic options for asthma patients with obesity remain limited. Here we report that cholecystokinin—a metabolic hormone best known for its role in signaling satiation and fat metabolism—is increased in the lungs of obese mice and that pharmacological blockade of cholecystokinin A receptor signaling reduces obesity-associated airway hyperresponsiveness. Activation of cholecystokinin A receptor by the hormone induces contraction of airway smooth muscle cells. In vivo, cholecystokinin level is elevated in the lungs of both genetically and diet-induced obese mice. Importantly, intranasal administration of cholecystokinin A receptor antagonists (proglumide and devazepide) suppresses the airway hyperresponsiveness in the obese mice. Together, our results reveal an unexpected role for cholecystokinin in the lung and support the repurposing of cholecystokinin A receptor antagonists as a potential therapy for asthma patients with obesity.

The auditory nerve (AN) of the inner ear is the primary conveyor of acoustic information from sensory hair cells to the brainstem. Approximately 95% of peripheral AN fibers are myelinated by glial cells. The integrity of myelin and the glial-associated paranodal structures at the node of Ranvier is critical for normal AN activity and axonal survival and function in the central auditory nervous system. However, little is known about the node of Ranvier’s spatiotemporal development in the AN, how the aging process (or injury) affects the activity of myelinating glial cells, and how downstream alterations in myelin and paranodal structure contribute to AN degeneration and sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we characterized two types of Ranvier nodes— the axonal node and the ganglion node—in the mouse peripheral AN, and found that they are distinct in several features of postnatal myelination and age-related degeneration. Cellular, molecular, and structure–function correlations revealed that the two node types are each critical for different aspects of peripheral AN function. Neural processing speed and synchrony is associated with the length of the axonal node, while stimulus level-dependent amplitude growth and action potentials are associated with the ganglion node. Moreover, our data indicate that dysregulation of glial cells (e.g., satellite cells) and degeneration of the ganglion node structure are an important new mechanism of age-related hearing loss.

Variations in neuronal connectivity occur widely in nervous systems from invertebrates to mammals. Yet, it is unclear how neuronal variability originates, to what extent and at what time scales it exists, and what functional consequences it might carry. To assess inter- and intraindividual neuronal variability, it would be ideal to analyze the same identified neuron across different brain hemispheres and individuals. Here, using genetic labeling and electron microscopy connectomics, we show that an identified inhibitory olfactory local interneuron, TC-LN, exhibits extraordinary variability in its glomerular innervation patterns. Moreover, TC-LN’s innervation of the VL2a glomerulus, which processes food signals and modulates mating behavior, is sexually dimorphic, is influenced by female’s courtship experience, and correlates with food intake in mated females. Mating also affects output connectivity of TC-LN to specific local interneurons. We propose that mating-associated variability of TC-LNs regulates how food odor is interpreted by an inhibitory network to modulate feeding.

The effects of meditation towards increasing levels of prosocial tendencies have been amply demonstrated in numerous studies. Nearly all of these studies to date have been undertaken in the west, with only a single study from Asia included in Luberto’s 2017 meta-analysis. However, it may be argued that the collectivistic orientation of most Asian cultures presents an especially fertile ground for the widespread cultivation of mindfulness training aimed at promoting prosocial attitudes. The present study tests the relative efficacy of two mindfulness meditation training programs in increasing levels of empathy, compassion, and altruism among college students in the Philippines. The first devotes more time to didactics and exercises aimed at developing compassion-related virtues (Other-oriented), the other to more in-session mindfulness practice (Standard-oriented). Filipino virtues fuse a variety of historical and cultural traditions, including an ancient animist tradition with colonial influences from Spain (Catholicism) and the United States (freedom, justice, individualism). At their core, however, is the unique way reciprocal giving builds and sustains relationships. A keen sensitivity to others’ needs (pakikiramdam, or “empathy”) sparks acts of generosity (kagandahang-loob, literally “inner beauty”) and a recognized obligation to respond at some future point (utang na loob). This process takes place in a repeating cycle that binds people closer together in pakikipagkapwa (“comradeship” or “shared identity”). Despite its cultural and historic importance, this dynamic cycle faces threats from several forces in modern life. The project will test the hypothesis that a culturally sensitive, mindfulness-based intervention can build higher levels of generosity, compassion, shared identity, and empathy in college-age Filipinos. The team models the intervention on a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) training program, which has been tried out successfully in the Philippines and has an established evidence base for enhancing resilience. The team is conducting a pre-post randomized control trial, teaching the approach to around 250 young adults from two tertiary-level institutions that presumably differ in degree of exposure to western culture. The project is a collaboration between FriendlyCare Foundation (the Philippines), the University of the Philippines, and the Centre for Mindfulness Studies (Canada).

While T cell immunity is an important component of the immune response to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection generally, the efficacy of these responses during pregnancy remains unknown. Here, we tested the capacity of CD8 lymphocytes to protect from secondary challenge in four macaques, two of which were depleted of CD8+ cells prior to rechallenge with a heterologous ZIKV isolate. The initial challenge during pregnancy produced transcriptional signatures suggesting complex patterns of immune modulation as well as neutralizing antibodies that persisted until rechallenge, which all animals efficiently controlled, demonstrating that the primary infection conferred adequate protection. The secondary challenge promoted activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, possibly suggesting a brief period of infection prior to clearance. These data confirm that ZIKV infection during pregnancy induces sufficient immunity to protect from a secondary challenge and suggest that this protection is not dependent on CD8 T cells., Highlights • Zika infection during pregnancy provides protection from secondary infection. • CD8 T cell responses are not needed for protection from secondary infection. • Zika infection during pregnancy results in immunomodulatory transcriptional signatures but little IFN response.

The clinical significance of autoantibody positivity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the absence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the prevalence of autoantibodies in a pediatric cohort with biopsy-proven NAFLD and investigate the association between autoantibodies and NAFLD histologic grade.Single-center, retrospective study of patients ≤21 years with biopsy-proven NAFLD from 2014 to 2019. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained within 90 days of liver biopsy. Autoantibody positivity was defined as serum titer ≥1:80 or units ≥20. Liver biopsies were evaluated for features of AIH, then scored for steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and NAFLD activity score (NAS) was calculated. Portal inflammation and fibrosis were scored separately. Multivariable logistic regression was used for continuous and binary outcomes.Sixty-seven subjects met inclusion criteria. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), antismooth muscle antibody (ASMA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), anti-F-actin antibody (F-actin), anti-liver kidney microsomal (LKM) antibody, or any combination was observed in 43%, 39%, 19%, 13%, 0%, and 66% of subjects, respectively. After controlling for confounders, positive ANA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)80 had 4.6 greater odds of having an NAS ≥5 ( P = 0.035; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-19.01). Autoantibody positivity resolution occurred in 10%-50% who underwent serial monitoring.Autoantibodies, except LKM, were frequently encountered in our pediatric NAFLD cohort in the absence of AIH. ANA positivity with ALT may help clinically stratify pediatric patients with suspected NAFLD targeting those at greater risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Lesbian and bisexual women may be at an increased risk for gynecologic infections and breast cancer due to a higher prevalence of factors such as obesity, smoking, and lower pregnancy rates. This article discusses the role of healthcare professionals in preventive screening for breast and gynecologic cancers and promoting healthy living in these patients by avoiding smoking, maintaining an ideal body weight, and limiting alcohol consumption.

This study aimed to determine the use of visual representations in teaching Mathematics in elementary and the ability of the Grade Six pupils of Dolores Central School Annex, Dolores District to solve a problem. Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions: What is the profile of the respondents in terms of Age and Sex; What is the perceived level of the respondents on the use of visual representations strategy in problem solving ability in terms of Pictorial imagery, Schematic Imagery; What is the mean pretest performance of the respondents in their problem -solving ability before using the visual representations in terms of Understand the problem, Carry out the plan, Devise a plan, Look back; What is the mean posttest performance of the respondents in their problem solving ability after using the visual representations in terms of Understand the problem, Devise a plan, Carry out the plan, back ;Is there a significant relationship between posttest performance of the respondents in their problem- solving ability and the perceived level on the use of visual representations strategy; Is there a significant difference in the pretest performance of the respondents in their problem -solving ability between male and female; Is there a significant difference in the posttest performance of the respondents in their problem- solving ability between male and female; Is there a significant difference in the pretest and posttest performance of the respondents in their problem -solving ability before and after using visual representations. The respondents of the study were the 34 Grade Six students of Dolores Central School Annex. The study focused on the use of visual representations (pictorial and schematic imagery) in teaching elementary Mathematics and the ability of the students in problem-solving. The researcher employed the experimental type of research as it looked into the relationship between the use of visual representations and the ability of the students to solve mathematical problems. Some statistical tools were employed to answer the problem of the study. The convenient statistical tool to qualify such comparisons is the Pearson product moment correlation which draws and measures the strength associated between two variables. Another statistical method used was the paired t-test to determine the difference between two variables for the same subject. The independent t-test was also utilized to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the means in two unrelated groups. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher summarized and interpreted with “advance” ratings after the use of visual representations. The values that appeared were r -values and it was found that there are no significant relationships between the perception on the visual representation and the problem- solving ability of the respondents. Pearson’s Correlation was utilized to measure how strong a relationship is between the data. A closer look on theresult, it could be observed from the data given, that they are closely near 0 which gave a result of not significant. Since this study is interrelated and the result is positive, teachers may use of visual representations strategy in teaching all the subject areas, particularly the English subject. The findings also revealed that the use of visual representations in teaching mathematics is a big help to students for better understanding, and can support learning to improve comprehension of facts and texts.

This research study intends to explore the cyber bullying experiences of selected students in a non-Arab High School institution in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). To carry out this intention, the researchers extracted themes in the narratives of lived experiences and analyzed transcribed interview data provided by 10 respondents who underwent a rigid pre-qualifying process of selection. The study is focused on the cyberbullying experiences of the students engaged in social networking sites in Dubai. The respondents of the study were Grade 11 and 12 senior high school students, age 15-18 years old, both male and female. Further, this study determined the emotional, psychosocial and cognitive needs presented by the respondents.The researchers used phenomenological, qualitative analysis of narrative data research design. Through purposive sampling method, ten students from the 100 targeted senior high school students were selected for in-depth interview. The participants were selected based on their experiences as a victim of cyberbullying like exclusion, denigration, masquerade, outing and discrimination.From the emerging themes, there were related theories presented in the framework focused on the emotional, psychosocial and cognitive needs of the victims of cyberbullying. The result of the study is conclusive as evident by victims of cyberbullying whose emotional, psychosocial and intellectual state of being were affected. However, they demonstrated willingness to form a support group to extend help to people of the same dilemma and further a more comprehensive and recommendatory approach on this study.

Objective To establish consensus recommendations for the use of fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in hepatobiliary surgery. Background ICG fluorescence imaging has gained popularity in hepatobiliary surgery in recent years. However, there is varied evidence on the use, dosage, and timing of administration of ICG in clinical practice. To standardize the use of this imaging modality in hepatobiliary surgery, a panel of pioneering experts from the Asia-Pacific region sought to establish a set of consensus recommendations by consolidating the available evidence and clinical experiences. Methods A total of 13 surgeons experienced in hepatobiliary surgery and/or minimally invasive surgery formed an expert consensus panel in Shanghai, China in October 2018. By the modified Delphi method, they presented the relevant evidence, discussed clinical experiences, and derived consensus statements on the use of ICG in hepatobiliary surgery. Each statement was discussed and modified until a unanimous consensus was achieved. Results A total of 7 recommendations for the clinical applications of ICG in hepatobiliary surgery were formulated. Conclusions The Shanghai consensus recommendations offer practical tips and techniques to augment the safety and technical feasibility of ICG fluorescence-guided hepatobiliary surgery, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, liver segmentectomy, and liver transplantation.

The research study aimed to evaluate the pedagogical approaches used by the senior high school teachers in SHS within Caloocan ES. After the evaluation, the researcher developed a training workshop to enhance the use of these approaches in achieving competitive and equipped millennial learners. Pedagogical approaches and teaching strategies are the main ingredients of becoming an effective teacher. Being an effective teacher means allowing an environment that enable students to learn in the classroom to their best abilities. When different pedagogical approaches practiced in a class discussion a student develop a love for learning and gain new knowledge about what they are studying. It is true that effective teaching strategies also allow students to better understand new material and difficult content (Hill, 2008). Academics and TVLE teachers of SHS within Caloocan ES were the respondents of this study where different approaches evaluated using the Likert Scale. Constructivism, Collaborative, Integrative and Inquiry-Based Approaches utilized by the teachers were evaluated for the researcher to develop a training workshop to enhance the teaching and learning process. It was found out that developing a training workshop enhance the utilization on the use of pedagogical approaches inside the classroom or during the facilitation of classes.

Schools are the portal through which many children with autism spectrum disorder access early intervention. Collaborating with teachers can be an effective way to implement evidence-based practices. In this study, teachers learned to embed strategies from the Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation intervention into the standard preschool curriculum. Twelve schools with special education preschool classrooms for students with moderate to severe disabilities from under-resourced neighborhoods were randomized to augment their curriculum with Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation strategies or continue the standard curriculum. Teachers’ strategy implementation, children’s time on task, and social communication were examined before and after completing the intervention phase. Teachers in the Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation group implemented more Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation strategies than the control group after the intervention phase. Children in both groups increased time on task during teacher-led small group instruction. Children in the Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation group were more likely to be engaged with peers during small group instruction at the end of the intervention phase. Children from both groups improved in standardized measures of joint attention, requesting, expressive language, and receptive language. Training teachers to embed Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation strategies into small group instruction can help facilitate peer engagement, providing children more opportunities for peer socialization. Lay abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder attending special education preschool classrooms may not receive support that addresses their core challenges, such as engagement and social communication. There are interventions designed to target these core challenges, like the play-based intervention known as Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation. Embedding strategies from an intervention like Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation into more traditional academic activities can help teachers target engagement and social communication throughout the school day. In the current study, we collaborated with special education preschool teachers to embed Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation strategies during small group time for moderate to severe disability students with autism spectrum disorder, 3–5 years of age. Compared to teachers implementing the standard preschool curriculum, teachers trained in Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation strategies effectively embedded these strategies in their small group activities, and their students were more likely to engage with peers during these activities. Supporting teachers to embed targeted strategies in academic activities can help them provide students more opportunities to engage with peers during the school day. Teachers can support their autistic students to interact appropriately with their peers. Unlike interventions that train peers to act as a teacher, embedding Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation strategies during small group academic activities facilitates naturalistic social interactions for autistic students.

Effective human–robot teaming (HRT) increasingly requires humans to work with intelligent, autonomous machines. However, novel features of intelligent autonomous systems such as social agency and incomprehensibility may influence the human’s trust in the machine. The human operator’s mental model for machine functioning is critical for trust. People may consider an intelligent machine partner as either an advanced tool or as a human-like teammate. This article reports a study that explored the role of individual differences in the mental model in a simulated environment. Multiple dispositional factors that may influence the dominant mental model were assessed. These included the Robot Threat Assessment (RoTA), which measures the person’s propensity to apply tool and teammate models in security contexts. Participants (N = 118) were paired with an intelligent robot tasked with making threat assessments in an urban setting. A transparency manipulation was used to influence the dominant mental model. For half of the participants, threat assessment was described as physics-based (e.g., weapons sensed by sensors); the remainder received transparency information that described psychological cues (e.g., facial expression). We expected that the physics-based transparency messages would guide the participant toward treating the robot as an advanced machine (advanced tool mental model activation), while psychological messaging would encourage perceptions of the robot as acting like a human partner (teammate mental model). We also manipulated situational danger cues present in the simulated environment. Participants rated their trust in the robot’s decision as well as threat and anxiety, for each of 24 urban scenes. They also completed the RoTA and additional individual-difference measures. Findings showed that trust assessments reflected the degree of congruence between the robot’s decision and situational danger cues, consistent with participants acting as Bayesian decision makers. Several scales, including the RoTA, were more predictive of trust when the robot was making psychology-based decisions, implying that trust reflected individual differences in the mental model of the robot as a teammate. These findings suggest scope for designing training that uncovers and mitigates the individual’s biases toward intelligent machines.

BackgroundBetter understanding of the association between characteristics of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and outcome is needed to further improve upon patient management.MethodsImmunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) is a prospective, observational study of 1164 patients from 20 hospitals across the United States. Disease severity was assessed using a 7-point ordinal scale based on degree of respiratory illness. Patients were prospectively surveyed for 1 year after discharge for post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) through quarterly surveys. Demographics, comorbidities, radiographic findings, clinical laboratory values, SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology were captured over a 28-day period. Multivariable logistic regression was performed.FindingsThe median age was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 20); 711 (61%) were men; overall mortality was 14%, and 228 (20%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Unsupervised clustering of ordinal score over time revealed distinct disease course trajectories. Risk factors associated with prolonged hospitalization or death by day 28 included age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; 95% CI 1.28-3.17), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.13-2.57), elevated baseline creatinine (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.63- 4.80) or troponin (OR 1.89; 95% 1.03-3.47), baseline lymphopenia (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.61-2.97), presence of infiltrate by chest imaging (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.96-5.10), and high SARS-CoV2 viral load (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.17-2.00). Fatal cases had the lowest ratio of SARS-CoV-2 antibody to viral load levels compared to other trajectories over time (p=0.001). 589 survivors (51%) completed at least one survey at follow-up with 305 (52%) having at least one symptom consistent with PASC, most commonly dyspnea (56% among symptomatic patients). Female sex was the only associated risk factor for PASC.InterpretationIntegration of PCR cycle threshold, and antibody values with demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory/radiographic findings identified risk factors for 28-day outcome severity, though only female sex was associated with PASC. Longitudinal clinical phenotyping offers important insights, and provides a framework for immunophenotyping for acute and long COVID-19.FundingNIH.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among mosquito-borne flaviviruses in that it is also vertically and sexually transmitted by humans. The male reproductive tract is thought to be a ZIKV reservoir; however, the reported magnitude and duration of viral persistence in male genital tissues varies widely in humans and non-human primate models. ZIKV tissue and cellular tropism and potential effects on male fertility also remain unclear. The objective of this study was to resolve these questions by analyzing archived genital tissues from 51 ZIKV-inoculated male macaques and correlating data on plasma viral kinetics, tissue tropism, and ZIKV-induced pathological changes in the reproductive tract. We hypothesized that ZIKV would persist in the male macaque genital tract for longer than there was detectable viremia, where it would localize to germ and epithelial cells and associate with lesions. We detected ZIKV RNA and infectious virus in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland. In contrast to prepubertal males, sexually mature macaques were significantly more likely to harbor persistent ZIKV RNA or infectious virus somewhere in the genital tract, with detection as late as 60 days post-inoculation. ZIKV RNA localized primarily to testicular stem cells/sperm precursors and epithelial cells, including Sertoli cells, epididymal duct epithelium, and glandular epithelia of the seminal vesicle and prostate gland. ZIKV infection was associated with microscopic evidence of inflammation in the epididymis and prostate gland of sexually mature males, which could have significant effects on male fertility. The findings from this study increase our understanding of persistent ZIKV infection which can inform risk of sexual transmission during assisted reproductive therapies as well as potential impacts on male fertility.Author SummaryZika virus (ZIKV) spread since 2015 led to establishment of urban epidemic cycles involving humans and Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV is also sexually and vertically transmitted and causes congenital Zika syndrome. Together, these features show that ZIKV poses significant global public health risks. By virtue of similar reproductive anatomy and physiology to humans, macaques serve as a useful model for ZIKV infection. However, macaque studies to date have been limited by small sample size, typically 1 to 5 animals. Although mounting evidence identifies the male reproductive tract as a significant ZIKV reservoir, data regarding the duration of ZIKV persistence, potential for sexual transmission, and male genitourinary sequelae remain sparse. Here, we analyzed archived genital tissues from more than 50 ZIKV-inoculated male macaques. Our results show that ZIKV can persist in the male macaque reproductive tract after the resolution of viremia, with virus localization to sperm precursors and epithelial cells, and microscopic evidence of inflammation in the epididymis and prostate gland. Additionally, we show that freezing is not a viable method of destroying infectious ZIKV. Our findings help explain cases of sexual transmission of ZIKV in humans, which also carries a risk for transmission via assisted fertility procedures, even after resolution of detectable viremia.

Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are key treatments for controlling asthma and preventing asthma attacks. However, the responsiveness to ICS varies among individuals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hav...

Innovation is essential to driving national progress. As such, it has to be fostered, safeguarded and incentivized. In order for innovation and technological growth to flourish, it is necessary to have a robust intellectual property regime coupled with effective government policies. Developing countries face many challenges when it comes to harnessing innovation and creating the right environment that will support and nourish it. Extra attention should be given to small and medium-sized enterprises, as they are more likely to be at risk due to financing, productivity and regulatory burdens. Although the Philippines has lagged behind in the area of innovation, recent national policies have been adopted to improve the country's position. The recent legislations, namely, the Philippine Innovation Act, the Innovative Startup Act and the Personal Property Security Act, are all aimed to create an environment that creates opportunities towards sustaining and incentivizing innovation. The Philippines designed a ‘whole of government’ approach, which seeks to effectively drive innovation across all areas of government policy and to better facilitate engagement of businesses, R&D entities and other relevant sectors in the community. These laws, however, are but the first steps in the right direction. Proper implementation, constant monitoring and fine-tuning are essential for a national innovation policy to succeed.

The study entitled “The Effectiveness of Indigenous and Low-Cost-Teacher Made Science Instructional Materials in Selected third Year Students of the Balayan National High School” aimed to strongly emphasized the manner by which science is taught as well as the content are matters of concern that need careful analysis. The use of indigenous and low cost-made instructional materials by the science III teachers becomes highly commendable and their relation to selected variables: students’ achievement in science, students’ attitude toward the use of low-cost teacher made instructional materials in selected third year students of Balayan National High School .The researcher would like to find out whether the use of indigenous and low-cost instructional materials will be of great help to the students’ improved achievement in science and contribute to upgrade the science instruction in secondary level. Based on the results, it was found out that indigenous and low – cost teacher –made science instructional materials were effective substitute for different laboratory apparatuses and there were positive attitudes of the students with regard to the utilization of indigenous and low – cost teacher – made science instructional materials. There was a significant correlation of the degree of utilization of the materials with respect to students’ performance in Science; the effectiveness of indigenous and low – cost teacher – made science instructional materials were 100% effective as that of the actual laboratory apparatus.

The study determined the problem-solving skills and the academic performance in science of grade 9 students as basis for the preparation of differentiated materials on the science subject. Focusing on specific topics like electronic structure of matter, chemical bonding, carbon compound and mole concept, it involved the participation of 52 grade 9 students. The findings showed that the level of problem-solving skills of the Grade 9 students was generally described as above average, their academic performance in Science was found to be at the same above average level. The data led to the rejection of the hypothesis explaining a moderate relationship between the level of problem-solving skills and the academic performance of the students in the subject. A number of instructional materials were developed to address the weakness of the students in problem solving. Further studies on the problem-solving skills of the students are strongly recommended.

Background Clinical and epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity is associated with asthma and that these associations differ by asthma subtype. Little is known about the shared genetic components between obesity and asthma. Objective We sought to identify shared genetic associations between obesity-related traits and asthma subtypes in adults. Methods A cross-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 457,822 subjects of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. Experimental evidence to support the role of genes significantly associated with both obesity-related traits and asthma through a GWAS was sought by using results from obese versus lean mouse RNA sequencing and RT-PCR experiments. Results We found a substantial positive genetic correlation between body mass index and later-onset asthma defined by asthma age of onset at 16 years or greater (Rg = 0.25, P = 9.56 × 10−22). Mendelian randomization analysis provided strong evidence in support of body mass index causally increasing asthma risk. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified 34 shared loci among 3 obesity-related traits and 2 asthma subtypes. GWAS functional analyses identified potential causal relationships between the shared loci and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) quantitative trait loci and shared immune- and cell differentiation–related pathways between obesity and asthma. Finally, RNA sequencing data from lungs of obese versus control mice found that 2 genes (acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like [ACOXL] and myosin light chain 6 [MYL6]) from the cross-trait meta-analysis were differentially expressed, and these findings were validated by using RT-PCR in an independent set of mice. Conclusions Our work identified shared genetic components between obesity-related traits and specific asthma subtypes, reinforcing the hypothesis that obesity causally increases the risk of asthma and identifying molecular pathways that might underlie both obesity and asthma.

The novel Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically reminded the world of the importance of noting pertinent travel history.

This article explores Ruth’s theology of resilience amidst vulnerability: a resilience rooted in ḥesed (loving kindness, a generosity beyond the call of duty). Ḥesed is a powerful social force that could address current issues for those both in privileged positions and in vulnerable situations. A re-reading of Ruth offers modern theologians and serious students of the Bible pathways towards building resilience amidst vulnerability, and in caring for those in vulnerable positions. The text at hand offers a pathway to be true to one’s core values and character, even amidst desperate situations. In Ruth resilience is developed by caring for others, identifying with a particular faith community, and taking initiatives while maintaining integrity. The narrative unveils a sustainable life of resilience that happens when one’s private and public life is lived congruently to each other.This article also reads Ruth’s narrative through a lens of a minority foreign woman that uses feminist and post-colonial approaches while looking at Ruth through a hermeneutic of trust. First, the author identifies her assumptions and considerations. Secondly, the article examines resilience as rooted in one’s identity and explores ḥesed under cultural and spiritual frameworks, within the narrative of Ruth and Naomi’s road scene from Moab to Bethlehem. Lastly, it examines resilience as rooted in ḥesed, within the narrative of the threshing floor scene encounter between Ruth and Boaz. The road and threshing floor scenes are decisive moments for Ruth. Her words and actions in each instance reveal her resilience: her strength of mind, emotion, and spirit, in spite of her vulnerability.