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The continuing decline in water resources under the ever-changing climate compels us to re-orient our focus to a more sustainable practice. This study investigates the performance of Triticum aestivum wheat genotypes viz. HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226 under well- and deficit-watered conditions for their root-traits, biomass and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization, and water use efficiencies, grown in PVC-tubes. The genotypes HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226 under well-watered (WW) resulted in 36, 35, 38, 33, and 42% more grain yield compared to deficit-watered (DW). Among the genotypes, HD-3249 had the highest grain yield under both well- and deficit-watered conditions. Compared to DW, the WW had 28%, 30%, and 28% greater root length, biomass, and root length density at flowering {102 days (d), Z61}, while among the genotypes, HD-3249 had relatively greater root-traits. At flowering (Z61) and maturity (132 d, Z89), genotypes under WW accumulated 30-46% and 30-53%, respectively greater shoot biomass over the DW. Furthermore, the shoot biomass remobilised for HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226 under the WW was 32, 37, 39, 35, and 35% greater than the DW. The nitrogen partitioning to different plant parts at flowering (Z61) and maturity (Z89) was significantly greater with the WW than with DW. The total nitrogen- remobilized and contribution to grain-N under the WW was 55, 58, 52, 53, 58% and 9, 19, 15, 17, 17% greater than the DW for the genotypes HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226. The irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) at flowering (Z61) was more under the deficit-watered, but the biomass and grain total WUE was improved with the well-watered condition. Hence, it is apparent that proper scheduling of irrigation and N applications, along with the adoption of a genotype suited to a particular environment, will result in better WUE and grain yields, along with better utilization of scarce resources.

We present a multi-scale and multi-wavelength study to unveil massive star formation (MSF) processes around sites AFGL 5180, and AFGL 6366S, both hosting a Class II 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission. The radio continuum map at 8.46 GHz reveals a small cluster of radio sources toward AFGL 5180. Signatures of the early stages of MSF in our target sites are spatially seen at the opposite edges of a filamentary cloud (length $\sim$5 pc), which is observed in the sub-millimeter dust continuum maps. Using the near-infrared photometric data, the spatial distribution of young stellar objects is found toward the entire filament, primarily clustered at its edges. The getsf utility on the Herschel far-infrared images reveals a hub-filament system (HFS) toward each target site. The analysis of the molecular line data, which benefits from large area coverage ($\sim$1 degree $\times$ 1 degree), detects two cloud components with a connection in both position and velocity space. This supports the scenario of a cloud-cloud collision (CCC) that occurred $\sim$1 Myr ago. The filamentary cloud, connecting AFGL 5180 and AFGL 6366S, seems spatially close to an HII region Sh2-247 excited by a massive O9.5 star. Based on the knowledge of various pressures exerted by the massive star on its surroundings, the impact of its energetic feedback on the filamentary cloud is found to be insignificant. Overall, our observational outcomes favor the possibility of the CCC scenario driving MSF and the formation of HFSs toward the target sites., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 20 pages, 11 figures, and 1 table

In recent times, 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) has installed an optical to near infra-red spectrograph, TANSPEC, which provides spectral coverage from 0.55-2.5 microns. Using TANSPEC, we have obtained a single epoch spectrum of a set 9 FUors and EXors. We have analysed line profiles of the sources and compared with the previously published spectra of these objects. Comparing the line profile shapes with the existing theoretical predictions, we have tried to interpret the physical processes that are responsible for the current disc evolution and the present accretion dynamics. Our study has shown the importance for time evolved spectroscopic studies for better understanding the evolution of the accretion mechanisms. This in turn can help in better categorisation of the young stars displaying episodic accretion behaviour., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

A Genome-wide association (GWAS) study was conducted for phosphorous (P)-use responsive physiological traits in bread wheat at the seedling stage under contrasting P regimes. A panel of 158 diverse advanced breeding lines and released varieties, and a set of 10,800 filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to study marker-trait associations over the eight shoot traits. Principle component analysis separated the two environments (P regimes) because of the differential response of the traits indicating the essentiality of the separate breeding programmes for each environment. Significant variations for genotypic, environmental, and genotype × environment (GEI) effects were observed for all the traits in the combined analysis of variance with moderately high broad sense heritability traits (0.50–0.73). With the different algorithms of association mapping viz., BLINK, FarmCPU, and MLM, 38 unique QTLs under non-limiting P (NLP) and 45 QTLs for limiting P (LP) conditions for various shoot traits were identified. Some of these QTLs were captured by all three algorithms. Interestingly, a Q.iari.dt.sdw.1 on chromosome 1D was found to explain the significant variations in three important physiological traits under non-limiting phosphorus (NLP) conditions. We identified the putative candidate genes for QTLs namely Q.iari.dt.chl.1, Q.iari.dt.sdw.16, Q.iari.dt.sdw.9 and Q.iari.dt.tpc.1 which are potentially involved in the mechanism regulating phosphorus use efficiency through improved P absorption due to improved root architectural traits and better mobilization such as sulfotransferase involved in postembryonic root development, WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1), a plant-specific protein that facilitates auxin export; lectin receptor-like kinase essentially involved in plant development, stress response during germination and lateral root development and F-box component of the SKP-Cullin-F box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and strigolactone signal perception. Expression profiling of putative genes located in identified genomic regions against the wheat expression atlas revealed their significance based on the expression of these genes for stress response and growth development processes in wheat. Our results thus provide an important insight into understanding the genetic basis for improving PUE under phosphorus stress conditions and can shape the future breeding programme by developing and integrating molecular markers for these difficult-to-score important traits.

Analysis based on the Entropy estimates of the society is carried out on a mathematical model in this paper, to make an assessment of Reservation policy presently in operation in India. The Reservation Policy was provisioned in the constitution of India under the policy of affirmative action. The policy makers had identified some communities of India that were being discriminated socially. They identified them by noticing their dismal representation in positions of power and respect, within the society. It was argued that these communities are required to be treated differently to give them equal opportunity in the society. The policy makers had provisioned in the same policy that the effectiveness of this policy will be analyzed at regular intervals to decide its continuation or improvisation. An attempt is made here to scientifically analyze the effectiveness of this policy and suggest possible improvements in the same. As per the understanding of Entropy, a policy such as the Reservation Policy, that is intended to encourage equality must be associated with increase in the Entropy of the society. After a careful mathematical analysis, it is shown here that the policy, in its present form, is designed to increase the entropy of the society in the short-term scenario but is an iso-entropic policy in the long term. A way has been suggested to complement the policy to make the entropy increased effectively and permanently., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Materials for Childhood maltreatment and its mental health consequences among Indian adolescents with a history of child work by Rakesh Pandey, Shulka Gupta, Aakanksha Upadhyay, Rajendra Prasad Gupta, Meenakshi Shukla, Ramesh Chandra Mishra, Yogesh Kumar Arya, Tushar Singh, Shanta Niraula, Jennifer Yun Fai Lau and Veena Kumari in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Stroop interference effect of emotion-arousing words was examined in 10 alexlthymic and nonalexithymlc subjects who were presented with baseline stimuli, neutral words and emotion arousing words in Hindi and its transliteral equivalent in English in five colours (red, blue, green, orange and black). Subjects were asked to name the color of words ignoring the content of words. Findings suggested that both alexlthymics and nonalexithymics took longer time to < < colour-name' , emotion-arousing words as compared to baseline stimuli. Howe"er, alexithymic subjects had longer time to colour-name emotion-arousing words as compared to nonalexithymics While alexithymic took longer time to colour-name emotion arousing words as compared to both baseline stimuli and neutral words, nonalexithymics did not differ in colour naming neutral and emotion arousing words. It was also observed that the performance on modified Stroop colour-naming task was not affected by language (mother/foreign). Findings are discussed in the light of alexithymic's heightened arousal and hypersensitivity towards arousal.

List of micro-array data series used for this study and data. (DOCX 118 kb)

Gene expression pattern of rpoZ at different oxygen levels and light intensities. We see that the expression of rpoZ is independent of environmental conditions. Figure S2. Case (iv) when both PpsRox and PpsRred are able to bind the puc promoter and both act as repressor. Figure S3. Case (v)Â when in vivo both oxidised and reduced PpsR are able to bind the promoter region of pucB but PpsRox represses whereas PpsRred activates transcription. (DOCX 1003 kb)

Gene expression pattern of rpoZ at different oxygen levels and light intensities. We see that the expression of rpoZ is independent of environmental conditions. Figure S2. Case (iv) when both PpsRox and PpsRred are able to bind the puc promoter and both act as repressor. Figure S3. Case (v)Â when in vivo both oxidised and reduced PpsR are able to bind the promoter region of pucB but PpsRox represses whereas PpsRred activates transcription. (DOCX 1003 kb)

The result obtained using Experimental approaches, Computer based Approaches, Physical Method approaches, Statistical Method approaches to investigate structural properties of ABO3 type perovskite oxides are widely used in last two decades and results so found vary from one approach to another approach. Therefore it is felt that a theoretical unified approach may resolve the variation in the results obtained by different approaches and can predict the actual existing values of structural properties of the materials under investigation. Therefore we have employed a theoretical approach to understand the trends and values regarding structural properties of the above said compounds.