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We present the coronal imaging of two active eclipsing binaries, ER Vul and XY UMa based on the X-ray data obtained from the XMM-Newton satellite. The results indicate that these systems are very soft X-ray sources, with a majority of the X-rays coming below 2 keV energy. The X-ray light curves show orbital modulation with an apparent primary eclipse, and modelling of the X-ray light curves reveals that both components of these systems are active, with the primary component being more X-ray bright than the secondary. Furthermore, results from the coronal imaging indicate that the coronae of both components are connected for the detached and semidetached binaries ER Vul and XY UMa, respectively. In the case of XY UMa, a highly active region near the coronal connection region is found, which is twice as bright as the second component in the system. Three flaring events are detected in the binary system XY UMa, which originated in the same active region that lies somewhere in between the two binary components.

We present a detailed analysis of the two strong X-ray superflares from AB Dor observed by XMM-Newton satellite as observed on 02 January 2011 and 07 October 2016. These flares, F1, and F2 were found to last for around 1 hr and 3 hr, respectively with a total energy release of 1034-36 erg in which the peak flare flux increased up to 34 times from the pre-/post-flaring states for the strongest observed flare (F2). The quiescent state of AB Dor was found to be explained by a three-temperature plasma with average temperatures of 0.29, 0.99, and 2.85 keV, respectively. The temperatures, emission measures, abundance, and hydrogen column density are found to be varying during the flares. The peak X-ray luminosity and the peak temperature of these flares F1 and F2 are found to be 3.29x1030 erg/s and ~ 43 MK, 82.6x1030 erg/s and 92 MK, respectively. By employing the hydrodynamic loop model, the semi-loop lengths of flares F1 and F2 are found to be 1.3x1010 and 5x1010 cm, respectively.

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex and chronic relapsing brain disease, which is often co-morbid with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. AUD phenotypes differ in men and women. Although genetic factors play an important role in its pathophysiology, epidemiologic evidence suggests that during prenatal development, individuals are more vulnerable to the negative effects of environmental factors that may predispose them to AUD later in life. We explored the effects of prenatal stress on the development of AUD phenotypes as well as anxiety- and depression-like behaviors using rat model.MethodsIn this study, timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley dams were used. Dams in the control group were left undisturbed throughout gestation, whereas dams in stress groups were either subjected to protracted or acute restraint stress under bright light. At adulthood, the anxiety-like, ethanol drinking, and sucrose drinking behaviors were measured using the Light/Dark Box test and two-bottle free-choice procedure.ResultsCompared to the control group, both the male and female offspring in the stress groups exhibited anxiety-like behavior and consumed significantly higher amounts of ethanol in which the acute stress group demonstrated the higher ethanol preference. Moreover, male but not female offspring from the stress groups had decreased sucrose preferences.ConclusionThese findings suggest that protracted and acute prenatal stress in late pregnancy can induce in anxiety-, depressive-like behaviors, and excessive ethanol intake in adult offspring.

Cystatins are classical competitive inhibitors of C1 family cysteine proteases (papain family). Phytocystatin superfamily shares high sequence homology and typical tertiary structure with conserved glutamine-valine-glycine (Q-X-V-X-G) loop blocking the active site of C1 proteases. Here, we develop a cysteine-bounded cyclic peptide (CYS-cIHL) and linear peptide (CYS-IHL), using the conserved inhibitory hairpin loop amino acid sequence. Using an in silico approach based on modeling, protein–peptide docking, molecular dynamics simulations and calculation of free energy of binding, we designed and validated inhibitory peptides against falcipain-2 (FP-2) and -3 (FP-3), cysteine proteases from the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Falcipains are critical hemoglobinases of P. falciparum that are validated targets for the development of antimalarial therapies. CYS-cIHL was able to bind with micromolar affinity to FP-2 and modulate its binding with its substrate, hemoglobin in in vitro and in vivo assays. CYS-cIHL could effectively block parasite growth and displayed antimalarial activity in culture assays with no cytotoxicity towards human cells. These results indicated that cyclization can substantially increase the peptide affinity to the target. Furthermore, this can be applied as an effective strategy for engineering peptide inhibitory potency against proteases.

We present preliminary results of the study of three large long-duration flares detected on the active M-dwarf binary EQ~Peg using the Soft X-ray Telescope of the AstroSat observatory. The peak X-ray luminosities of the flares in the 0.3--7 keV band are found to be $\sim$4--10~$\times~10^{30}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Spectral analysis indicates that the corona of EQ~Peg has three dominant temperatures, with the first two plasma temperatures remaining constant during all the flares and the post-flare observation at $\sim$3 and $\sim$11~MK. The flare temperature peaked at 56, 40, and 31~MK, which are 2.5, 1.8, and 1.4 times the minimum value. The peak emission measures are found to be 1.16--5.64~$\times~10^{53}$~cm$^{-3}$, whereas the elemental abundances peaked at 0.7--1.2 times the solar abundances. Using quasi-static loop modeling, we estimated the loop lengths for all the flares to be on the order of $10^{11}$~cm. The estimated energies of all three flares are $>10^{33-35}$~erg, which put them in the category of superflare. Our study indicates that all three flares on EQ~Peg are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We estimated the CME mass and outward velocity of the CME mass are on the order of $10^{19}$~g and $\sim$5800--6500~km~s$^{-1}$, respectively. All three superflares are also found to be the longest duration flares ever observed on EQ~Peg., {"references":["Aarnio, A. N., Matt, S. P., & Stassun, K. G. 2012, ApJ, 760, 9.","Anders, E. & Grevesse, N. 1989, Geochimica Cosmochim- ica Acta, 53, 197.","Arnaud, K. A. 1996, In Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems V, edited by G. H. Jacoby & J. Barnes, Astro- nomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, vol. 101, p. 17.","Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Rybizki, J., Fouesneau, M., Mantelet, G., & Andrae, R. 2018, AJ, 156, 58.","Drake, J. J., Cohen, O., Yashiro, S., & Gopalswamy, N. 2013, ApJ, 764, 170.","Favata, F., Reale, F., Micela, G., Sciortino, S., Maggio, A., et al. 2000, A&A, 353, 987.","Fleming, T. A., Giampapa, M. S., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., & Book- binder, J. A. 1993, ApJ, 410, 387.","Haisch, B. M., Butler, C. J., Doyle, J. G., & Rodono, M. 1987, A&A, 181, 96.","Karmakar S. et al., 2016, MNRAS, 459, 3112","Karmakar, S., Pandey, J. C., Airapetian, V. S., & Misra, K. 2017, ApJ, 840, 102.","Karmakar, S., Rajpurohit, A. S., Allard, F., & Homeier, D. 2020, MNRAS, 498, 737.","Katsova, M. M., Livshits, M. A., & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. 2002, In Stellar Coronae in the Chandra and XMM-NEWTON Era, edited by F. Favata & J. J. Drake, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, vol. 277, p. 515.","Lacy, C. H., Moffett, T. J., & Evans, D. S. 1976, ApJS, 30, 85.","Liefke, C., Ness, J.-U., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., & Maggio, A. 2008, A&A, 491, 859.","Morin, J., Donati, J.-F., Petit, P., Delfosse, X., Forveille, T., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 390, 567.","Morrison, R. & McCammon, D. 1983, ApJ, 270, 119.","Norton, A. J., Wheatley, P. J., West, R. G., Haswell, C. A., Street, R. A., et al. 2007, A&A, 467, 785","Pallavicini, R., Kundu, M. R., & Jackson, P. D. 1986, EXOSAT Detection of a Very Large Flare on EQ Peg, vol. 254, p. 225.","Pallavicini, R., Tagliaferri, G., & Stella, L. 1990, A&A, 228, 403.","Parsamyan, E. S. 1995, Astrophysics, 38, 206.","Pettersen, B. R. 1976, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics Blindern Oslo Reports, 46, 1.","Pizzolato, N., Maggio, A., Micela, G., Sciortino, S., & Ventura, P. 2003, A&A, 397, 147.","Robrade, J., Ness, J. U., & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. 2004, A&A, 413, 317.","Robrade, J. & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. 2005, A&A, 435, 1073.","Schaefer, B. E., King, J. R., & Deliyannis, C. P. 2000, ApJ, 529, 1026.","Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Reale, F., Liefke, C., Wolter, U., Fuhrmeister, B., et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 799.","Shibayama, T., Maehara, H., Notsu, S., Notsu, Y., Nagao, T., et al. 2013, ApJS, 209, 5","Singh, K. P., Stewart, G. C., Westergaard, N. J., Bhat- tacharayya, S., Chandra, S., et al. 2017, Journal of Astro- physics and Astronomy, 38, 29.","Smith, R. K., Brickhouse, N. S., Liedahl, D. A., & Raymond, J. C. 2001, ApJL, 556, L91.","Tsuboi, Y., Imanishi, K., Koyama, K., Grosso, N., & Mont- merle, T. 2000, ApJ, 532, 1089.","Tu, Z.-L., Yang, M., Zhang, Z. J., & Wang, F. Y. 2020, ApJ, 890, 46.","van den Oord, G. H. J. & Mewe, R. 1989, A&A, 213, 245."]}

We present results obtained from the studies of magnetic activities on four solar-type stars (F-type star KIC 6791060, K-type star LO Peg, and two M-type planet-hosting stars K2-33 and EPIC 211901114) by using optical observations from several ground- and space-based telescopes. In this study, we investigate magnetic activities such as spot-topographic evolution and flaring events in these stars. We compare the results obtained from this study with that of the Sun. In the surface temperature maps, one active longitude has been detected in KIC 6791060, whereas in each of the other three cases two active longitudes are seen. The spottedness was found to vary in the range of 0.07--0.44%, 9--26%, 3.6--4.2%, and 4.5--5.3% for KIC 6791060, LO Peg, K2-33, and EPIC 211901114, respectively. Several flaring events have been identified in each star. An increasing trend in flaring frequency per stellar rotation has been found in the stars with a change in spectral type from F to M. These findings indicate the increase in magnetic activities with the spectral type of stars. This can be explained due to increasing the ratio of the thickness of the convection zone to the radiation zone from F-type star to the M-type stars., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege

Using the data obtained from XMM-Newton, we show the gradual evolution of two periodicities of ~4500 s and ~2200 s in the decay phase of the flare observed in a solar analog EK Dra. The longer period evolves firstly for first 14 ks, while the shorter period evolves for next 10 ks in the decay phase. We find that these two periodicities are associated with the magnetoacoustic waves triggered in the flaring region. The flaring loop system shows cooling and thus it is subjected to the change in the scale height and the acoustic cut-off period. This serves to filter the longer period magnetoacoustic waves and enables the propagation of the shorter period waves in the later phase of the flare. We provide the first clues of the dynamic behaviour of EK Dra's corona which affects the propagation of waves and causes their filtering., Comment: 14 Pages; 04 Figures; 01 Table; Comment: Remarks are welcome from Solar and Stellar Physics Community

The aim of this paper is to study generalized recurrent, generalized Ricci-recurrent, weakly symmetric and weakly Ricci-symmetric Kenmotsu manifolds with respect to the semi-symmetric non-metric connection., Comment: 13

Diabetic wounds are susceptible to microbial infection. The treatment of these wounds requires a higher payload of growth factors. With this in mind, the strategy for this study was to utilize a novel payload comprising of Eudragit RL/RS 100 nanofibers carrying the bacterial inhibitor gentamicin sulfate (GS) in concert with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF); an accelerator of wound healing. GS containing Eudragit was electrospun to yield nanofiber scaffolds, which were further modified by covalent immobilization of rhEGF to their surface. This novel fabricated nanoscaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal behavior of the nanoscaffold was determined using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In the in vitro antibacterial assays, the nanoscaffolds exhibited comparable antibacterial activity to pure gentemicin powder. In vivo work using female C57/BL6 mice, the nanoscaffolds induced faster wound healing activity in dorsal wounds compared to the control. The paradigm in this study presents a robust in vivo model to enhance the applicability of drug delivery systems in wound healing applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 641-651, 2018.

Barrium fluoride (BaF2) thin films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature, on glass, Silicon and Aluminum substrates having thickness of 20 nm each. Its structural property and surface morphology were studied using glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. It was found that grain size, average surface roughness and interface width changes with different substrates. Higuchi algorithm is applied for the fractal measure on AFM images.It was observed found that the fractal dimension varied from substrate to substrate.

We present ananalysis of a superflare detected on an active binary system CC Eridani by Swift observatory. The flare (F1) triggeredthe Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) in the hard X-ray band on 2008 October 16. The rise-phase was observed only with BAT, whereasthe decay phase was observed simultaneously with X-Ray Telescope (XRT). The e-folding decay time indicates a faster decayin the hard X-ray band than in the soft X-ray band. Spectral analysis indicates a presence of three temperature corona withfirst two plasma temperatures remain constant during the flare at ∼3 and ∼10 MK. The flare-temperature peaked at 342 MKwhich is ∼4 times more than the minimum value observed at post-flaring (PF) phase. The abundances peaked at 2 times thesolar abundances, which is also ∼11 times larger than the quiescent state value. Using hydrodynamic loop modeling we derivea loop-length of 1.25±0.13×10^{10} cm. The peak X-ray luminosity for flares F1 in the 0.3–50 keV energy band (excluding 10–14keV band) reached up to ∼4×10^{32} erg s^{−1} , which is ∼3500 times more than the quiescent value and larger than any otherflares previously observed on CC Eri. &nbsp

The vibrational properties of alkaline-earth metal fluoride clusters (BaF2)n (n=1-6) are investigated in the framework of density functional theory. The calculated Raman and Infrared (IR) spectra reveals shift in Raman and IR peak position towards lower frequency region with the increase in the cluster size. Further the calculated spectra have been compared with the experimental vibrational spectra of bulk BaF2 crystal. Even though the smaller size cluster lacks translational symmetry, the structural and vibrational characteristic of (BaF2)5-6 are nearer to bulk counterpart., Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures

Timbers are susceptible to rapid deterioration by variety of organisms. The fungi and insects are major causes of wood decay. Wood products are subject to various bio-hazard attacks if preventative measures are not taken. The proper preservative treatment can reduce the damages and increases the longevity of wood. Study was carried out to find the effect of multi component preservative chemical consisting of chemicals at proportions of 0.2% tannic acid, 0.3% boric acid and 0.5% of Bavistin (Carbendazim) in an aqueous solution to test its efficacy. Results reveal that there is no mould attack on veneer samples of 2% concentration as compared to 1% concentration.

The enhanced functionality and tunability of electronic nanomaterials enables the development of next-generation photovoltaic, optoelectronic, and electronic devices, as well as biomolecular tags. Design and efficient synthesis of such semiconductor nanomaterials require a fundamental understanding of the underlying process-structure/composition-property-function relationships. To this end, this thesis focuses on a systematic, comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical phenomena that determine the composition and properties of semiconductor nanomaterials. Through synergistic combination of computational modeling and experimental studies, the thesis addresses the thermodynamics and kinetics that are relevant during synthesis and processing and their resulting impact on the properties of silicon thin films and ternary quantum dots (TQDs) of compound semiconductors. The thesis presents a computational study of the growth mechanisms of plasma deposited a-Si:H thin films based on kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations according to a transition probability database constructed by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on the results, a comprehensive model is proposed for a-Si:H thin-film growth by plasma deposition under conditions that make the silyl (SiH 3 ) radical the dominant deposition precursor. It is found that the relative roles of surface coordination defects are crucial in determining the surface composition of plasma deposited a-Si:H films and should be properly accounted for. The KMC predictions for the temperature dependence (over the range from 300 K to 700 K) of the surface concentration of SiH x (s) (x = 1,2,3) surface hydride species, the surface hydrogen content, and the surface dangling-bond coverage are in agreement with experimental measurements. In addition, the thesis details a systematic analysis of equilibrium compositional distribution in TQDs and their effects on the electronic and optoelectronic properties. Formation of hetero-nanostructures, such as core/shell-like structures, through atomic-scale assembly driven by equilibrium surface segregation is studied as a function of nanocrystal size, composition, and temperatures for TQD morphologies that include faceted equilibrium nanocrystal shapes for ZnSe 1-x Tex and Inx Ga1-x As TQDs; the results are based on coupled compositional, structural, and volume relaxation of the nanocrystals according to Monte Carlo and conjugate-gradient methods employing a DFT-parameterized description of interatomic interactions. A phenomenological species transport theory also is developed that explains the concentration profiles due to surface-segregation-induced ordering of constituent and dopant atoms in the dilute limit. The nm-scale diffusion lengths in nanocrystals introduce an interesting interplay between the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of interfaces. The thermodynamic stability of such interfaces in ZnSe 1-x Sx TQDs are investigated based on DFT calculations combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of TQDs that are synthesized and annealed using colloidal methods. The results demonstrate the possibility of compositional redistribution that causes degradation over time of core/shell TQD electronic properties, with far reaching implications for the use of such nanostructures in devices. Electronic structure calculations of ZnSe 1-x Sx (type-I) and ZnSe1-x Te x (type-II) TQDs elucidate the impact of composition and compositional distribution on the electron density distribution, density of states, and band gap of the TQDs. The resulting relationships with respect to the distributions in the TQDs of constituent/dopant/impurity atoms (core/shell vs. alloyed TQDs) provide an interpretation for the key features observed in the PL spectra, as well as useful guidelines for improving the design and device performance of TQDs.

We present multi-wavelength linear polarimetric observations for 44 stars of the NGC 1893 young open cluster region along with V-band polarimetric observations of stars of other four open clusters located between l ~160 to ~175 degree. We found evidence for the presence of two dust layers located at a distance of ~170 pc and ~360 pc. The dust layers produce a polarization Pv ~2.2%. It is evident from the clusters studied in the present work that, in the Galactic longitude range l ~160 to 175 degree and within the Galactic plane (|b| < 2 degree), the polarization angles remain almost constant, with a mean ~163 degree and a dispersion of 6 degree. The small dispersion in polarization angle could be due to the presence of uniform dust layer beyond 1 kpc. Present observations reveal that in case of NGC 1893, the foreground two dust layers, in addition to the intracluster medium, seems to be responsible for the polarization effects. It is also found that towards the direction of NGC 1893, the dust layer that exists between 2-3 kpc has a negligible contribution towards the total observed polarization. The weighted mean for percentage of polarization (Pmax) and the wavelength at maximum polarization ({\lambda}max) are found to be 2.59 \pm 0.02% and 0.55 \pm 0.01 \mum respectively. The estimated mean value of {\lambda}max indicates that the average size of the dust grains within the cluster is similar to that in the general interstellar medium. The spatial variation of the polarization is found to decrease towards the outer region of the cluster. In the present work, we support the notion, as already has been shown in previous studies, that polarimetry, in combination with (U-B)/(B-V) colour-colour diagram, is a useful tool for identifying non-members in a cluster., Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures, 10 tables, accepted for the publication in MNRAS

We present X-ray analysis of two Wolf-Rayet (WR) binaries: V444 Cyg and CD Cru using the data from observations with XMM-Newton. The X-ray light curves show the phase locked variability in both binaries, where the flux increased by a factor of $\sim 2$ in the case of V444 Cyg and $\sim 1.5$ in the case of CD Cru from minimum to maximum. The maximum luminosities in the 0.3--7.5 keV energy band were found to be $5.8\times10^{32}$ and $2.8\times10^{32}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for V444 Cyg and CD Cru, respectively. X-ray spectra of these stars confirmed large extinction and revealed hot plasma with prominent emission line features of highly ionized Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Fe, and are found to be consistent with a two-temperature plasma model. The cooler plasma at a temperature of $\sim$ 0.6 keV was found to be constant at all phases of both binaries, and could be due to a distribution of small-scale shocks in radiation-driven outflows. The hot components in these binaries were found to be phase dependent. They varied from 1.85 to 9.61 keV for V444 Cyg and from 1.63 to 4.27 keV for CD Cru. The absorption of the hard component varied with orbital phase and found to be maximum during primary eclipse of V444 Cyg. The high plasma temperature and variability with orbital phase suggest that the hard-component emission is caused by a colliding wind shock between the binary components., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. accepted for publication in MNRAS

We withdraw our claim that a component in an XMM-Newton satellite light curve of the BL Lacertae object S5 0716 + 714 shows quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of $\sim$30 minutes. Although both our original periodogram and wavelet analyses gave consistent results, the data do not lead to a statistically significant result once red-noise at low frequencies is properly taken into account for periodogram analyses., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn

This article 'Grain yield and yield components of rice as influenced by different crop establishment methods' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Plant population requirement of hybrid rice in the Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh, India' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Effect of tillage and fertilizer levels on grain yield and incidence of brown spot disease in rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Performance of hybrid rice in irrigated lowlands, Uttar Pradesh, India' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Increased yield of lowland rice with late N application in the reproductive phase and at high N rates' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Weed control in direct seeded puddled rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Green Manure: A Substitute for Inorganic Fertilizer N in Lowland Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Response to Nitrogen of New Dwarf Fragrant Rice Varieties for Transplanted Conditions' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Influence of Modified Urea Materials At Different N Rates on Estimated Wetland Rice Soil Ammonium-N and Nitrate-N' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Article Published in Cochin University Law Review 1982

This article 'Economy in Combining Fertilizer N with Green Manure in Lowland Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Profitability of Urea Supergranules in Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Efficiency of Urea Supergranule (Usg) Under Water Stress At Different Growth Stages' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Effect of Usg Placement and Planting Geometry on Yield on Random-Planted Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Herbicides in Transplanted Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.