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1. Design of VISTA, a quartz crystal thermogravimetric analyzer for Hera mission

Author

Scaccabarozzi, D., Saggin, B., Corti, M. G., Arrigoni, S., Valnegri, P., Dirri, F., Gisellu, C., Palomba, E., Longobardo, A., and Zampetti, E.

Subjects
asteroids, piezoelectric microbalance, thermogravimetric analysis, quartz crystal microbalance, quartz crystals, ESA Hera mission, VISTA sensor, VISTA, thermomechanical design, thermogravimetry, Hera mission
Published
2022
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2. Photometric behavior of Ryugu’s NIR spectral parameters

Author

Longobardo, Andrea, Palomba, E., Galiano, Anna, Dirri, Fabrizio, Zinzi, Angelo, D'Amore, Mario, Domingue, Deborah L., Kitazato, K., Yokota, Y., Schroeder, Stephan, Iwata, T., Matsuoka, M., Hiroi, T., Takir, D., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Ohtake, M., Matsuura, S., Watanabe, S, Yoshikawa, M., Saiki, T., Okada, T., Tanaka, S., Yamamoto, Y., Takei, Y., Shirai, K., Hirata, N., Matsumoto, K., and Tsuda, T.

Subjects
Photometry, parameters, Space and Planetary Science, spectral, Ryugu, Astronomy and Astrophysics, NIR
Abstract

Context. JAXA’s Hayabusa2 mission rendezvoused the Ryugu asteroid for 1.5 years to clarify the carbonaceous asteroids’ record for Solar System origin and evolution. Aims. We studied the photometric behavior of the spectral parameters characterizing the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of Ryugu provided by the Hayabusa2/NIRS3 instrument, that is to say 1.9 µm reflectance, 2.7 and 2.8 µm band depths (ascribed to phyllosilicates), and NIR slope. Methods. For each parameter, we applied the following empirical approach: (1) retrieval of the equigonal albedo by applying the Akimov disk function (this step was only performed for the reflectance photometric correction); (2) retrieval of the median spectral parameter value at each phase angle bin; and (3) retrieval of the phase function by a linear fit. Results. Ryugu’s phase function shows a steepness similar to Ceres, according to the same taxonomy of the two asteroids. Band depths decrease with increasing phase angle: this trend is opposite to that observed on other asteroids explored by space missions and is ascribed to the very dark albedo. NIR and visible phase reddening are similar, contrary to other asteroids, where visible phase reddening is larger: this could be due to surface darkness or to particle smoothness. Albedo and band depths are globally uncorrelated, but locally anticorrelated. A correlation between darkening and reddening is observed.

Published
2022
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3. RYUGU SPECTRAL SURFACE REGIONS VIA UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING CLASSIFICATION OF NIRS3 DATA

Author

Palomba, E., D'Amore, M., A. Galiano, A. Zinzi, F. Dirri, A. Longobardo, K. Kitazato, T. Iwata, M. Matsuoka, D. Tair, T. Nakamura, M. Abe, M. Ohtake, S. Matsuura, M. Yoshikawa, T. Saiki, S. Tanaka, T. Okada, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Takei, K. Shirai, N. Hirata, K. Matsumoto, and Y. Tsuda

Subjects
remote sensing, machine learning, unsupervised classification, ryuygu
Abstract

The 27th of June 2018 the Japanese Haybusa-2 spacecraft approached the C-type Near Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu [1]. Haybusa2 is equipped with three remote sensing instruments such i.e. as the Thermal Infrared Imager TIR [2], the NIRS 3 spectrometer [3] and the Optical Navigation Camera-Telescopic (ONC-T) with a wideband and seven narrow band filters [4]. A Lidar instrument [5] allowed to reconstruct the shape model of the asteroid and to measure the altimetry, in order to perform a precise touchdown in sampling the asteroidal regolith. Additionally, by using the robotic landers Minerva-II and Mascot [6], Hayabusa 2 has conducted in situ surface experiments. Ryugu is a top-shaped Cb type asteroid and is covered by a large number of boulders [7,8]. It is one of the darkest object in our Solar System with a quite homogenous composition, including OH-rich materials [7,9]. We found that the NIRS3 data contains sensible variations, possibly linked to geomorphological structures, even though Ryugu surface varies only of few percent in reflectance. Our approach is to exploit the whole spectrometer dataset, to find correlation that could not be foreseen with traditional methods relying on fewer spectral points. Past experience on Mercury data shows that this is a sensible approach, in case of homogeneous featureless targets. We collect NIRS3 data from 20180711_l3a and 20180719_l3a counting around 20k useful spectra, covering almost the whole surface. The data were windowed between 1.8 and 3.1 um to avoid residual thermal effects at higher wavelength, obtaining a data matrix of 20k row x 75 feature or bands. Then we applied a PCA transformation step to retain 10 component or 98% of the total variance, effectively compressing the data from 75 to 10 components. Even though the PCA components per se doesn’t normally have a clear physical meaning, because they mix spectral feature in an unpredictable way, it is interesting to look at the results. The first PCA component has redder slope between 1.8 and 2.5 um, where the second has an inverted redder slope in the same range. The third is spectrally flatter, with an hint of absorption between 2.4 and 2.5 um. The concentration distribution of those three components is also worth investigating: the PCA.0 is anti-correlated with the equatorial bulge and higher in craters, PCA.1 is also higher in crater but not strongly anti-correlated with the equatorial bulge like PCA.0. PCA.3 this is clearly showing a north-south asymmetry. The PCA component order indicate also the importance in explaining total data variance. After that, we apply T-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE)[10]: this converts similarities between data to joint probabilities, minimize the divergence between the joint probabilities of the low-dimensional embedding and the high-dimensional data, typically 2 or 3 dimensions. Essentially, we can feed high dimensional data and get a lower dimension 2D map representation were closer point are also close in the original data space that is easy to visualize. On top of that we partitioned the data point using an Agglomerative Clustering algorithm: starting from all separated data point it clusters the closest together, where closeness is calculated with complete linkage, i.e. the maximum distances between all observations in each pair of classes. Hierarchical algorithm has the nice advantage to show which partition is more stable via a dendrogram plot. In our case, a 6 classes parti tion show as the most suitable one. Results: The surface of Ryugu could be separated in 6 spectral classes, which have a similar spectral trend and are spatially coherent Classes (0,1,5,3) have same trend, but different albedo (from lower to higher reflectance). Class 0 and 1 (C0/C1) are inter-craters terrains, the former mostly in the north , the latter in the south, with minor outcrops in the other hemisphere. C0 is up to -2% darker than Global Mean Reflectance (GMR) and C1 up to +4% brighter. Class 2 (C2) is the darkest class (-5% GMR), and it is found mostly in craters interiors. machine learningClass 3 (C3) is the brightest (+5% GMR) and it is found on the the equatorial bulge, but interrupted by Urashima, Momotaro, Kintaro and Kolobock craters. Class 4 and 5 (C4/C5) are two different trend of intermediate terrains. Those are the closest to GMR with a 2% variation around GMR. C4 is mostly found in the north, where C5 in the south, with substantial outcrops in the other hemisphere. The most interesting difference is that C5 follows the global trend of being slightly bluer than GMR between 1.9 um and 2.5 um, but C4 shows an inverted trend, being redder then GMR. In conclusion, we find an automated approach to extract spatially coherent region on Ryugu surface based only on spectral data using almost the whole NIRS3 spectral range. Those classes show a significant spatial correlation with geomorphological feature and different spectral trends.

Published
2020
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5. The dust coma environment of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as observed by VIRTIS

Author

Rinaldi, G., Bockelee-Morvan, D., Ciarniello, M., Tozzi, G., Fink, U., Doose, L., Capaccioni, F., Della Corte, Vincenzo, Fulle, M., Rotundi, A., Filacchione, G., Taylor, F.W., Kappel, David, Erard, S., Leyrat, C., Raponi, A., D'Aversa, E., Ivanovski, S., Capria, M. T., Longobardo, A, Palomba, E., Tosi, F., Migliorini, A., and Salatti, M.

Subjects
Comet 67P, Dust, Coma, VIRTIS
Published
2018

6. Compositional variations in the Vestan Rheasilvia basin

Author

Ammannito, E., De Sanctis, M.C., Combe, J.-P., Frigeri, A., Jaumann, R., Longobardo, A, McSween, H.Y., Palomba, E., Tosi, F., Raymond, C.A., Russell, C.T., and Dawn, Science Team

Subjects
Lithology, Mineralogy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Crust, Rheasilvia, Pyroxene, Structural basin, DAWN, Astrobiology, Vesta, Quadrangle, Impact crater, composition, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, mineralogy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Geology
Abstract

We present and describe the maps of spectral parameters such as pyroxene band centers and depths, reflectance at 1.4 μm and 2.8 μm band depth in the Rheasilvia quadrangle. We found a broad anti-correlation between pyroxene band centers and depths while the reflectance is not correlated with the pyroxene spectral parameters. In addition, we found that the Rheasilvia quadrangle is free of OH absorption signatures. We also derived lithological maps with improvements in the spatial resolution with respect to previous lithological maps of the same region. We confirm that the central mound is dominated by eucritic/howarditic pyroxene while diogenitic lithology has been found mainly in a region delineated by Tarpeia, Severina and Mariamne craters. We found small scale variations in the composition of pyroxene. These variations identify lithological units that extend for tens of km, although small units of less than 1 km have also been found. We consider this fact as an indication of a high level of compositional heterogeneity within the Vestan crust.

Published
2015
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7. Spectral Analysis of the Quadrangle Ac-H-10 Rongo on Ceres

Author

Zambon, F., Carrozzo, F. G., Tosi, F., Ciarniello, M., Combe, J.-P., Frigeri, A., Raponi, A., Ammannito, E., Desanctis, M.C., Longobardo, A, McFadden, L.A., Palomba, E., Stephan, Katrin, Raymond, C.A., and Russell, C.T.

Subjects
composition, Ceres, Dawn
Published
2017

8. Spectral Analysis of the Quadrangle Ac-H-08 Nawish on Ceres

Author

Carrozzo, F. G., DeSanctis, Cristina, Ammannito, E., Ciarniello, M., Frigeri, A., Raponi, A., Zambon, F., Tosi, F., Combe, J.-P., Longobardo, A, McFadden, L.A., Palomba, E., Pieters, C., Stephan, Katrin, Raymond, C.A., and Russell, C.T.

Subjects
composition, Ceres, Dawn
Published
2017

9. Spectral analysis of Ahuna Mons from Dawn mission's visible-infrared spectrometer

Author

Zambon, F., Raponi, A., Tosi, F., De Sanctis, M.C., McFadden, L.A., Carrozzo, F. G., Longobardo, A, Ciarniello, M., Krohn, Katrin, Stephan, Katrin, Palomba, E., Pieters, C.M., Ammannito, E., Russell, C.T., Raymond, C.A., ITA, USA, and DEU

Subjects
domes, composition, Cryovolcanism, Ceres, Dawn
Abstract

Ahuna Mons is the highest mountain on Ceres. A unique complex in terms of size, shape, and morphology, Ahuna is bordered by flanks of the talus around its summit. Recent work by Ruesch et al. based on Dawn's Framing Camera images shed light on the possible origin of Ahuna Mons. According to Ruesch et al. (2016), Ahuna Mons is formed by a volcanic process involving the ascent of cryomagma and extrusion onto the surface followed by dome development and subsequent spreading. Here we analyzed in detail the composition of Ahuna Mons, using data acquired by the visible and infrared spectrometer aboard Dawn. The spectral analysis reveals a relatively high abundance of carbonates and a nonhomogeneous variation in carbonate composition and abundance along Ahuna's flanks, associated with a lower amount of the Ceres's ubiquitous NH4-phyllosilicates over a large portion of the flanks. The grain size is coarser on the flanks than in the surrounding regions, suggesting the presence of fresher material, also compatible with a larger abundance of carbonates. Thermal variations are seen in Ahuna, supporting the evidence of different compactness of the surface regolith in specific locations. Results of the spectral analysis are consistent with a possible cryovolcanic origin which exposed fresher material that slid down on the flanks.

Published
2017

10. Solar system science with the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST)

Author

Holler, B. J., Milam, S. N., Bauer, J. M., Alcock, C., Bannister, M. T., Bjoraker, G. L., Bodewits, D., Bosh, A. S., Buie, M. W., Farnham, T. L., Haghighipour, N., Hardersen, P. S., Harris, A. W., Hirata, C. M., Hsieh, H. H., Kelley, M. S. P., Knight, M. M., Kramer, E. A., Longobardo, A., Nixon, C. A., Palomba, E., Protopapa, S., Quick, L. C., Ragozzine, D., Reddy, V., Rhodes, J. D., Rivkin, A. S., Sarid, G., Sickafoose, A. A., Simon, A. A., Thomas, C. A., Trilling, D. E., and West, R. A.

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), astro-ph.EP, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a community-led assessment of the solar system investigations achievable with NASA's next-generation space telescope, the Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST). WFIRST will provide imaging, spectroscopic, and coronagraphic capabilities from 0.43-2.0 $\mu$m and will be a potential contemporary and eventual successor to JWST. Surveys of irregular satellites and minor bodies are where WFIRST will excel with its 0.28 deg$^2$ field of view Wide Field Instrument (WFI). Potential ground-breaking discoveries from WFIRST could include detection of the first minor bodies orbiting in the Inner Oort Cloud, identification of additional Earth Trojan asteroids, and the discovery and characterization of asteroid binary systems similar to Ida/Dactyl. Additional investigations into asteroids, giant planet satellites, Trojan asteroids, Centaurs, Kuiper Belt Objects, and comets are presented. Previous use of astrophysics assets for solar system science and synergies between WFIRST, LSST, JWST, and the proposed NEOCam mission are discussed. We also present the case for implementation of moving target tracking, a feature that will benefit from the heritage of JWST and enable a broader range of solar system observations., Comment: 58 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables

Published
2017
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12. Mineralogy of Ahuna Mons on Ceres surface

Author

Zambon, F., Raponi, A., De Sanctis, M.C., Tosi, F., Palomba, E., Longobardo, A, Carrozzo, G., McFadden, L.A., Ruesch, O., Ciarniello, M., Ammannito, E., Capria, M. T., Krohn, Katrin, Stephan, Katrin, Pieters, C.M., Russell, C.T., and Raymond, C.A.

Subjects
cryovolcanism, Ceres, Ahuna Mons
Published
2016

13. Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies

Author

Bulterys, M. B., Fowler, M. G., Hanson, I. C., Lemay, M., Mayaux, M. J., Mofenson, L., Newell, M. -L., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J. S., Rother, C., Simpson, B. J., Van Dyke, R. B., Harris, D. R., Peavy, H. H., Easley, K., Khammy, A., Nugent, R. P., Mitchell, R., Owen, W., Van Dyke, R., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Krogstad, P., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Korber, B., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Lapointe, N., Boucher, M., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Newell, M. L., Peckham, C. S., Thorne, C. N., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M. C., Bates, I., de Josee, I., Hawkins, F., Martinez Zapico, R., Pena, J. M., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lopez, J. R., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Peerez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M. J., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Lidin-Jansson, G., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Vinolas, M., Paya, A., Loepez-Vilchez, M. A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Casellas Caro, M., Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Semprini, E., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Zanelli, S., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., De Santis, M., Muggiasca, M. L., Vigano, A., Spinillo, A., Ravagni Probizer, F., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, H., Penn, Z., Blott, M., Valerius, N. H., Martinelli, P., Buffolano, W., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Semprini, A., Della Torre, M., Parazzini, F., Dallacasa, P., Bianchi, U., Pachi, A., Mancuso, S., Villa, P., Conti, M., Principi, N., Muggiasca, M., Marchisio, P., Zara, C., Ravagni, F., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tadrist, B., Thevenieau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, N., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, M., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, P., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Chalvon Dermesay, A., Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., De Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Bailly Salin, P., Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaill, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., De Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., De Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Delhinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., De Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., De Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narcy, P., Bardinet, F., De Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Raison Boulley, A., Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Mandelbrot, L., Lafay Pillet, M., Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, E., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Fritel, X., Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Bensaid Mrejen, D., Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Carlus Moncomble, C., Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Hervee, F., Ronzier, M., Mayaux, Mj., de Martino, M., Tovo, P. -A., Galli, L., Gabiano, C., Ferraris, G., Garetto, S., Palomba, E., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., de Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mereu, G., Forni, G. L., Casadei, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Ciccimarra, F., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., De Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Dell'Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M. T., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Castelli Gattinara, G., Nasi, C., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P. G., Ruggeri, C., Scott, G., Hutto, C., O'Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Burns, D., Goedert, J., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Durako, S., Muenz, L., Goodwin, S., Bryson, Y., Dillon, M., Nielsen, K., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Nesheim, S., Lindsay, M., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Farley, J., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thomas, P., Weedon, J., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Bulterys, M., Simonds, R., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Schluchter, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Mellins, R., Shearer, W., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Kind, C., Nadal, D., Rudin, C., Siegrist, C. -A., Wyler, C. -A., Cheseaux, J. -J., Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Kovacs, A., Stek, A., Chan, L., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Tuomala, R., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Davenny, K., Thompson, B., Andiman, W., Simpson, J., THE INTERNATIONAL PERINATAL HIV, Group, Martinelli, Pasquale, Bulterys M.B., Fowler M.G., Hanson I.C., Lemay M., Mayaux M.J., Mofenson L., Newell M.-L., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J.S., Rother C., Simpson B.J., Van Dyke R.B., Harris D.R., Peavy H.H., Easley K., Khammy A., Nugent R.P., Mitchell R., Owen W., Van Dyke R., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Krogstad P., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Korber B., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Lapointe N., Boucher M., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Newell M.L., Peckham C.S., Thorne C.N., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch-Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M.C., Bates I., de Josee I., Hawkins F., Martinez Zapico R., Pena J.M., Gonzalez Garcia J., Arribas Lopez J.R., Asensi-Botet F., Otero M.C., Peerez-Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M.J., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A.B., Lindgren S., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Lidin-Jansson G., Levy J., Barlow P., Hainaut M., Peltier A., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Mur A., Vinolas M., Paya A., Loepez-Vilchez M.A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Casellas Caro M., Canet Y., Pardi G., Ravizza M., Semprini E., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Zanelli S., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., Stegagno M., De Santis M., Muggiasca M.L., Vigano A., Spinillo A., Ravagni Probizer F., Bucceri A., Rancilio L., Taylor G.P., Lyall H., Penn Z., Blott M., Valerius N.H., Martinelli P., Buffolano W., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Semprini A., Della Torre M., Parazzini F., Dallacasa P., Bianchi U., Pachi A., Mancuso S., Villa P., Conti M., Principi N., Muggiasca M., Marchisio P., Zara C., Ravagni F., Vignali M., Rossi G., Selvaggi L., Greco P., Vimercati A., Massi G., Innocenti T., Fiscella A., Sansone M., Benedetto C., Tadrist B., Thevenieau D., Gondry J., Paulard B., Alisy C., Brault D., Tordjeman N., Mamou J., Rozan M., Colombani D., Pincemaille O., Salvetti A., Chabanier C., Hernandorena X., Leroy J., Schaal J., Balde P., Faucher P., Lachassinne E., Benoit S., Douard D., Hocke C., Barjot P., Brouard J., Delattre P., Stien L., Audibert F., Labrune P., Vial M., Mazy F., Sitbon D., Crenn-Hebert C., Floch-Tudal C., Akakpo R., Daveau C., Leblanc A., Cesbron P., Duval-Arnould M., Huraux-Rendu C., Lemerle S., Touboul C., Guerin M., Maingueneau C., Reynaud I., Rousseau T., Ercoil V., Lanza M., Denavit M., Garnier J., Lahsinat K., Pia P., Allouche C., Nardou M., Grall F., May A., Dallot M., Lhuillier P., Cecile W., Mezin R., Bech A., Lobut J., Algava G., Chalvon Dermesay A., Busuttil R., Jacquemot M., Bader-Meunier B., Fridman S., Codaccioni X., Maxingue F., Thomas D., Alain J., De Lumley L., Tabaste J., Bailly Salin P., Seaume H., Guichard A., Kebaill K., Roussouly C., Botto C., De Lanete A., Wipff P., Cravello L., De Boisse P., Leclaire M., Michel G., Crumiere C., Lefevre V., Le Lorier B., Pauly I., Robichez B., Seguy D., Delhinger M., Rideau F., Talon P., Benos P., Huret C., Nicolas J., Heller-Roussin B., Saint-Leger S., Delaporte M., Hubert C., De Sarcus B., Karoubi P., Mechinaud F., Bertcrottiere D., Bongain A., Monpoux F., De Gennes C., Devianne F., Nisand I., Rousset M., Mouchnino G., Muray J., Munzer M., Quereux C., Brossard V., Clavier B., Allemon M., Rotten D., Stephan J., Varlet M., Guyot B., Narcy P., Bardinet F., De Caunes F., Jeny R., Robin M., Raison Boulley A., Savey L., Berrebi A., Tricoire J., Borderon J., Fignon A., Guillot F., Maria B., Broyard A., Chitrit Y., Firtion G., Mandelbrot L., Lafay Pillet M., Parat S., Boissinot C., Garec N., Levine M., Ottenwalter A., Schaller F., Vilmer E., Courpotin C., Brunner C., Ciraru-Vigneron N., Hatem-Gantzer G., Fritel X., Wallet A., Bouille J., Milliez J., Bensaid Mrejen D., Dermer E., Noseda G., Bardou D., Cressaty J., Francoual C., Carlus Moncomble C., Cohen H., Blanche S., Bastion H., Benifla J., Benkhatar F., Berkane N., Hervee F., Ronzier M., Mayaux MJ., de Martino M., Tovo P.-A., Galli L., Gabiano C., Ferraris G., Garetto S., Palomba E., Riva C., Vierucci A., de Luca M., Farina S., Fundaro C., Genovese O., Mereu G., Forni G.L., Casadei A., Zuccotti G.V., Riva E., Cellini M., Baraldi C., Consolini R., Palla G., Ruggeri M., Ciccimarra F., Guarino A., Osimani P., Benaglia G., Romano A., De Mattia D., Caselli D., Boni S., Dell'Erba G., Bassanetti F., Sticca M., Timpano C., Magnani C., Salvatore C., Lipreri R., Tornaghi R., Pinzani R., Cecchi M.T., Bezzi T., Battisti L., Bresciani E., Castelli Gattinara G., Nasi C., Pellegatta A., Mazza A., Baldi F., Altobelli R., Deiana M., Colnaghi C., Tarallo L., Tondo U., Anastasio E., Chiriaco P.G., Ruggeri C., Scott G., Hutto C., O'Sullivan M., Malmsberry A., Willoughby A., Burns D., Goedert J., Landesman S., Minkoff H., Mendez H., Holman S., Rubinstein A., Durako S., Muenz L., Goodwin S., Bryson Y., Dillon M., Nielsen K., Boyer P., Liao D., Keller M., Deveikis A., Nesheim S., Lindsay M., Lee F., Nahmias A., Sawyer M., Vink P., Farley J., Alger L., Abrams E., Bamji M., Lambert G., Schoenbaum E., Thomas P., Weedon J., Palumbo P., Denny T., Oleske J., Bulterys M., Simonds R., Ethier-Ives J., Rogers M., Schluchter M., Kutner M., Kaplan S., Kattan M., Lipshultz S., Mellins R., Shearer W., Sopko G., Sloand E., Wu M., Kind C., Nadal D., Rudin C., Siegrist C.-A., Wyler C.-A., Cheseaux J.-J., Aebi C., Gnehm H., Schubiger G., Klingler J., Hunziker U., Kuchler H., Gianinazzi M., Buhlmann U., Biedermann K., Lauper U., Irion O., Brunelli A., Spoletini G., Schreyer A., Hosli I., Saurenmann E., Drack G., Isenschmid M., Poorbeik M., Schupbach J., Perrin L., Erb P., Joller H., Kovacs A., Stek A., Chan L., Khoury M., Diaz C., Pacheco-Acosta E., Tuomala R., Cooper E., Mesthene D., Pitt J., Higgins A., Moroso G., Rich K., Turpin D., Cooper N., Davenny K., Thompson B., Andiman W., and Simpson J.

Subjects
Time Factors, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Prevention of perinatal transmission, Extraembryonic Membranes, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, INFECTION, Vertical, Immunology and Allergy, HIV Infection, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, prevention of perinatal transmission, vertical transmission, obstetrics/gynaecology, epidemiology, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Infectious, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, RISK-FACTORS, TYPE-1, PREGNANCY, INFECTION, TRIAL, PREVENTION, Breast Feeding, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, Vertical transmission, Regression Analysis, TRIAL, Female, Delivery, Obstetrics gynaecology, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, Ruptured membranes, Immunology, Regression Analysi, NO, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, Extraembryonic Membrane, medicine, Humans, TYPE-1, business.industry, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Obstetric, Delivery, Obstetric, Newborn, PREVENTION, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Obstetrics/gynaecology, RISK-FACTORS, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded. Results: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes ≤ 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membranes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Published
2001
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14. VIRTIS-Rosetta observations of the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the Comet Characterisation phase (July-August 2014)

Author

Capaccioni, F., Filacchione, G., Erard, S., Arnold, Gabriele, Capria, M. T., De Sanctis, M.C., Bockelee-Morvan, D., Tosi, F., Leyrat, C., Tozzi, G., Drossart, P., Ciarniello, M., Raponi, A., Piccioni, G., Formisano, V., Schmitt, B., Migliorini, A., Longobardo, A, Palomba, E., Kuehrt, E., Flamini, E., and VIRTIS, Science Team

Subjects
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Rosetta, VIRTIS, Nucleus
Published
2014

15. Five year follow up of vertically HIV infected children in a randomised double blind controlled trial of immediate versus deferred zidovudine: the PENTA 1 trial

Author

Aboulker, J. P., Babiker, A., Darbyshire, J. H., Debre, M., Giaquinto, C., Gibb, D. M., Harper, L., Newberry, A., Saidi, Y., Levy, J., Della Negra, M., Forbes, J., Vaudry, W., Mechinaud, F., Nicolas, J., Wahn, V., Dammann, C., Notheis, G., Hinkelmann, B., Butler, K., De Manzini, A., Mazza, A., Duse, Marzia, Loy, A., Plebani, A., Castelli Gattinara, G., Cellini, M., Palomba, E., Caselli, D., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Scherpbier, H., Delgado, A., Gomez, I. D., Lecuona, J. E., Pena, M. J. M., Baselga, C., Leal, J. A. L., Amador, J. T. R., Canosa, C., Sierra, A. M., Calavia, L. C., Rodrigo, C., Guasch, C. F., Bohlin, A., Nadal, D., Mok, J., Lyall, H., Novelli, V., Sharland, M., Sloper, K., J., Levy, M., Della Negra, J., Forbe, W., Vaudry, F., Mechinaud, J. Nicolas V., Wahn, C., Dammann, G., Nothei, B., Hinkelmann, K., Butler, C., Giaquinto, A., De Manzini, A., Mazza, M., Duse, A., Loy, A., Plebani, G., Castelli Gattinara, M., Cellini, E., Palomba, D., Caselli, Guarino, Alfredo, P., Osimani, H., Scherpbier, A., Delgado, I., De José Gomez, J., Echeverria Lecuona, MJ Mellado, Pena, C., Baselga, J. A., Leon Leal, J. T., Ramos Amador, C., Canosa, A., Mur Sierra, L., Ciria Calavia, C., Rodrigo, C., Fortuny Guasch, A., Bohlin, D., Nadal, J., Mok, H., Lyall, V., Novelli, M., Sharland, and K. S. l. o. p. e., R.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Statistics, Nonparametric, aids, hiv, penta, placebo-controlled, randomised, zidovudine, law.invention, Double blind, Zidovudine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), law, Humans, Medicine, Child, Proportional Hazards Models, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, business.industry, Five year follow up, Infant, Viral Load, Flow Cytometry, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Surgery, Area Under Curve, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Disease Progression, HIV-1, General and Specialist Paediatrics, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

A total of 195 children were randomised to zidovudine (immediate) or matching placebo (deferred) in a multicentre double blind trial in vertically HIV infected children with early disease (the PENTA 1 trial). Median follow up in the blinded phase was 1.9 years. Thereafter, individual children were unblinded following the results of adult trials showing a benefit of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) over monotherapy, but follow up continued and is reported here until December 1998 (total follow up 4.6 years). Median time to starting ART in the deferred group was 2.7 years; 19% of deferred children had not started ART by 1999. Throughout follow up, the percentage of time spent on no ART, monotherapy, dual, and triple ART was 21%, 44%, 29%, and 6% respectively for immediate and 62%, 12%, 18%, and 8% for deferred groups. During the blinded phase eight (7.8%) immediate and 12 (13.3%) deferred children developed AIDS or died (log rank p = 0.24); overall 21 immediate and 20 deferred children progressed. In an analysis including all children regardless of original allocation, the risk of progression to AIDS or death, adjusting for age and time since trial entry was significantly lower during 1997-98 (2.4 per 100 child years) than during 1992-96 (6.6 per 100 child years), most likely a result of increased use of combination ART.

Published
2001
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16. The management of HCV infected pregnant women and their children European paediatric HCV network

Author

Pembrey, Lucy, Newell, Marie Louise, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Amoroso, A., Bevilaqua, E., Asensi Botet, F., Pereda, A., Balossini, V., Bona, G., Zaffaroni, M., Bandelloni, A., Coscia, A., Fabris, C., Aime, S., Belloni, C., Bossi, G., Salati, B., Boucher, C., Buffolano, W., Butler, K., Roura, L. Cabero, Sanges, J. M. Bertran, Cigna, P., Ciria, L. M., Ginard, C. Servera, Teruel, G. Claret, Fortuny, C., Coll, O., Corrias, A., Ledda, R., Floris, S., De Maria, A., Echeverria, J., Cilla, G., LANARI, MARCELLO, Tridapalli, E., Venturi, V., Fischler, B., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Lindh, G., Giacomet, V., Merlo, M., Figini, C., Erba, P., Viganò, A., Hannam, S., Mieli Vergani, G., Hatzakis, A., Inchley, C., Fjaerli, H. O., Maccabruni, A., Marcellini, M., Sartorelli, M. R., Fontelos, P. Martin, Mazza, A., Mok, J. Y. Q., Mûr, A., Viñolas, M., Paternoster, D. M., Grella, P., Polywka, S., Quinti, I., Casadei, A. M., Rojahn, A., Berg, A., Rosso, R., Ferrando, S., Bassetti, D., Contreras, J. Ruiz, Manzanares, A., Extremera, A. Ruiz, Salvini, F., Zuccotti, G. V., Schmitz, T., Grosch Wörner, I., Sperling, C. Feiterna, Piening, T., Vegnente, A., Iorio, R., Versace, A., Lazier, L., Palomba, E., Gabiano, C., Balbo, L., Zanetti, A., Tanzi, E., FALDELLA, GIACOMO, Pembrey, L., Newell, M. L., Tovo, P. A., Amoroso, A., Bevilacqua, E., Asensi Botet, F., Pereda, A., Balossini, V., Bona, G., Zaffaroni, M., Bandelloni, A., Coscia, A., Fabris, C., Iorio, Raffaele, Vegnente, Angela, Pembrey, Lucy, Newell, Marie-Louise, Tovo, Pier-Angelo, Bevilaqua, E., Asensi-Botet, F., Aime, S., Belloni, C., Bossi, G., Salati, B., Boucher, C., Buffolano, W., Butler, K., Roura, L. Cabero, Sanges, J.M. Bertran, Cigna, P., Ciria, L.M., Ginard, C. Servera, Teruel, G. Claret, Fortuny, C., Coll, O., Corrias, A., Ledda, R., Floris, S., De Maria, A., Echeverria, J., Cilla, G., Faldella, Giacomo, Lanari, M., Tridapalli, E., Venturi, V., Fischler, B., Bohlin, A.-B., Lindgren, S., Lindh, G., Giacomet, V., Merlo, M., Figini, C., Erba, P., Viganò, A., Hannam, S., Mieli-Vergani, G., Hatzakis, A., Inchley, C., Fjaerli, H.O., Maccabruni, A., Marcellini, M., Sartorelli, M.R., Fontelos, P. Martin, Mazza, A., Mok, J.Y.Q., Mûr, A., Viñolas, M., Paternoster, D.M., Grella, P., Polywka, S., Quinti, I., Casadei, A.M., Rojahn, A., Berg, A., Rosso, R., Ferrando, S., Bassetti, D., Contreras, J. Ruiz, Manzanares, A., Extremera, A. Ruiz, Salvini, F., Zuccotti, G.V., Schmitz, T., Grosch-Wörner, I., Sperling, C. Feiterna, Piening, T., Vegnente, A., Iorio, R., Versace, A., Lazier, L., Palomba, E., Gabiano, C., Balbo, L., Zanetti, A., and Tanzi, E.

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Hepatitis C, Clinical management, Mother-to-child transmission, Paediatric, Follow-up, Hepatology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Gastroenterology, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Evidence-based medicine, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Europe, Immunology, Female, Viral disease, business, Diagnosi
Abstract

Background/Aims: As evidence accumulates relating to mother-to-child (vertical) transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), it is timely to draw up guidelines for the clinical management of HCV infected pregnant women and their children. Methods: A review of evidence from the European Paediatric HCV Network (EPHN) prospective study of HCV infected women and their children and other published studies. Meeting of EPHN clinical experts to reach a consensus on recommendations for management. Each recommendation was graded according to the level of evidence. Results/conclusions: Although several risk factors for mother-to-child transmission have been identified, none are modifiable and there are currently no interventions available to prevent vertical transmission of HCV. Data on timing of loss of maternal antibodies and reliability of diagnostic tests inform the optimum follow-up schedule for confirmation or exclusion of infection in children born to HCV infected women. Based on the current evidence, routine antenatal screening for HCV should not be introduced and neither elective caesarean section nor avoidance of breastfeeding should be recommended to HCV infected women to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HCV. HCV/HIV co-infected women should follow existing HIV guidelines. © 2005 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2005

17. The Geology of Vesta’s Dark Material

Author

Jaumannn, R., Otto, K., Nass, A., Krohn, Katrin, McCord, T. B., Williams, D.A., Yingst, A., Combe, J. P., Palomba, E., Tosi, F., DeSanctis, M.C., Stephan, K., Hiesinger, H., Blewett, D., Reddy, V., LeCorre, L., Raymond, C.A., and Russell, C.T.

Subjects
Vesta Dawn Dark material
Published
2013

18. Impact-Related Flow Features on Asteroid Vesta

Author

Williams, D.A., O´Brien, D.P., Schenk, P. M., Denevi, B. W., Carsenty, U., Marchi, S., Scully, J.E.C., Jaumann, R., De Sanctis, M.C., Palomba, E., Ammannito, E., Longobardo, A, Magni, G., Frigeri, A., Russell, C.T., Raymond, C.A., and Davison, T.M.

Subjects
Vesta Flow
Published
2013

21. Vesta Mineralogy after Dawn global Observations

Author

De Sanctis, M.C, Ammannito, E., Capaccioni, F., Capria, M., Frigeri, A., Marchi, S., Palomba, E., Tosi, F., Combe, J.P., and Russell, C.T.

Subjects
Vesta Mineralogy
Published
2012

24. Local and Global Lithologies on Vesta

Author

De Sanctis, M.C., Ammannito, E., Capria, M. T., Capaccioni, F., Carraro, F., Fonte, S., Friggeri, A., Magni, G., Marchi, S., Palomba, E., Tosi, F., Zambon, F., Raymond, C.A., Russell, C.T., Blewett, D., Jaumann, R., McFadden, L.A., McSween, H.Y., and Mittlefehldt, David W.

Subjects
Vesta, VIR, Dawn
Published
2012

25. State of Health during the Seven Years of Rosetta Cruise

Author

Rotundi, Alessandra, DELLA CORTE, Vincenzo, Bussoletti, Ezio, Colangeli, L., Palumbo, Pasquale, Lopez–moreno, J. J., Rodriguez, J., Accolla, Mario, Aronica, A., Esposito, F., Ferrari, Marco, Ivanovski, M. Fulle S., Jeronimo, J. M., Jimenez, A. Lopez, Lucarelli, F., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Mennella, V., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Palomba, E., Sordini, Roberto, and the International GIADA

Published
2012

26. The 2010 European Venus Explorer (EVE) mission proposal

Author

Wilson, C, Chassefière, E, Hinglais, E, Baines, K, Balint, T, Berthelier, J, Blamont, J, Durry, G, Ferencz, C, Grimm, R, Imamura, T, Josset, J, Leblanc, F, Lebonnois, S, Leitner, J, Limaye, S, Marty, B, Palomba, E, Pogrebenko, S, Rafkin, S, Talboys, D, Wieler, R, Zasova, L, and Szopa, C

Published
2011

28. Rapid disease progression in HIV-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy. The Italian register for HIV Infection in Children

Author

de Martino M, Galli L, Tovo P. A, Gabiano C, Osimani P, Zizzadoro P, de Mattia D, Ruggeri M, Lanari M, Dalla Vecchia S, Masi M, Miniaci A, Baldi F, Dell' Erba G, Battisti L, Duse M, Crispino P, Uberti E, Bresciani E, Chiriacò P. G, Pintor C, Dedoni M, Loriano D, Dessì C, Anastasio L, Sabatino G, Sticca M, Berrino R, Lodato A, Vierucci A, Farina S, de Luca M, de Maria A, Fioredda F, Boni S, Marazzi M. G, Pontali E, Forni GL, Gotta C, Tasso, L, Gambaretto G, Meo A, Plebani R, Pinzani R, Salvini F, Marchisio P, Massironi E, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Riva S, de Carlis S, Ferraris G, Bucceri A, Lipreri R, Cellini M, Tarallo L, Giaquinto C, Ruga E, Rampon O, Romano A, Benaglia G, Caselli D, Maccabruni A, Consolini R, Palla G, Antonellini A, Magnani C, Cecchi T, Castelli Gattinara G, Bernardi S, Cancrini C, Fundarò C, Genovese O, Rendeli C, Timpano C, Anzidei G, Catania S, Stegagno M, Mazza A, Salvatore C, Scolfaro C, Palomba E, Riva C, Pellegatta A., GUARINO, ALFREDO, PIGNATA, CLAUDIO, de Martino, M, Galli, L, Tovo, P. A., Gabiano, C, Osimani, P, Zizzadoro, P, de Mattia, D, Ruggeri, M, Lanari, M, Dalla Vecchia, S, Masi, M, Miniaci, A, Baldi, F, Dell' Erba, G, Battisti, L, Duse, M, Crispino, P, Uberti, E, Bresciani, E, Chiriacò, P. G., Pintor, C, Dedoni, M, Loriano, D, Dessì, C, Anastasio, L, Sabatino, G, Sticca, M, Berrino, R, Lodato, A, Vierucci, A, Farina, S, de Luca, M, de Maria, A, Fioredda, F, Boni, S, Marazzi, M. G., Pontali, E, Forni, Gl, Gotta, C, Tasso, L, Gambaretto, G, Meo, A, Plebani, R, Pinzani, R, Salvini, F, Marchisio, P, Massironi, E, Tornaghi, R, Zuccotti, Gv, Riva, S, de Carlis, S, Ferraris, G, Bucceri, A, Lipreri, R, Cellini, M, Guarino, Alfredo, Pignata, Claudio, Tarallo, L, Giaquinto, C, Ruga, E, Rampon, O, Romano, A, Benaglia, G, Caselli, D, Maccabruni, A, Consolini, R, Palla, G, Antonellini, A, Magnani, C, Cecchi, T, Castelli Gattinara, G, Bernardi, S, Cancrini, C, Fundarò, C, Genovese, O, Rendeli, C, Timpano, C, Anzidei, G, Catania, S, Stegagno, M, Mazza, A, Salvatore, C, Scolfaro, C, Palomba, E, Riva, C, and Pellegatta, A.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome in children perinatally infected with HIV-1 whose mothers received zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy in pregnancy. DESIGN: Observational retrospective study of a prospectively recruited cohort. SETTING: Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children. PATIENTS: A group of 216 children perinatally infected with HIV-1, born in 1992-1997 and derived prospectively from birth: 38 children had mothers receiving ZDV monotherapy and for 178 children the mothers received no antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The estimated probability of developing severe disease or severe immune suppression, survival probability [95% confidence interval (CI)] within 3 years, and the hazard ratio (95% CI), adjusted for year of birth, maternal clinical condition at delivery, birthweight and treatments (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia chemoprophylaxis and/or antiretroviral therapy before the onset of severe disease, severe immune suppression or death) were compared. RESULTS: Comparison of HIV-1-infected children whose mothers were treated with ZDV with children whose mothers were not treated showed that the former group had a higher probability of developing severe disease [57.3% (95% CI 40.9-74.3) versus 37.2% (95% CI 30.0-45.4); log-rank test 7.83, P = 0.005; adjusted hazard ratio 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.1)] or severe immune suppression [53.9% (95% CI 36.3-73.5) versus 37.5% (95% CI 30.0-46.2); log-rank test 5.58, P = 0.018; adjusted hazard ratio 2.4, (95% CI: 1.3-4.3)] and a lower survival [72.2% (95% CI 50.4-85.7) versus 81.0% (95% CI 73.7-86.5); log-rank test 4.23, P = 0.039; adjusted hazard ratio of death 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.6)]. CONCLUSIONS: This epidemiological observation could stimulate virologic studies to elucidate whether this rapid progression depends on in utero infection or transmission of resistant virus. Findings may suggest a need to hasten HIV-1 diagnosis in infants of ZDV-treated mothers and undertake an aggressive antiretroviral therapy in those found to be infected

Published
1999

35. The ETNA consortium

Author

Palomba, E., Moretti, P. F., Maras, Adriana, Girasole, M., Cricenti, A., Longo, G., Pompeo, G., and Somma, F.

Published
2006

37. Discovery of nanophase metal in meteorites: implications for space weathering of asteroids

Author

Moretti P.F., Maras A., Palomba E., Girasole M., Pompeo G., Longo G., Cricenti A., Somma F., Colangeli L., and Serracino M.

Abstract

The association between the most abundant population of meteorites, the ordinary chondrites, and their parent bodies is one of the main topics in the quest to understand the evolution of the solar system. This association is mainly inferred from spectra in visible and near-infrared wavelengths, where many of the asteroids show reddened reflected light curves. The analysis of lunar soils attributed the reddening of the spectra to the presence of nanometer-size metallic particles, and a simulation of micrometeoroid impacts with laser irradiation experiments on terrestrial samples has reproduced this effect and tied it to the vaporization of Fe-bearing silicates. Recently, spacecraft observations have revealed a new mystery in the interpretation of the reddening of S-type asteroids. We have identified an alternative process for surface alteration of airless bodies that can be invoked to solve this mystery through a shock-induced phase transformation of Fe-Ni alloys. These metal phases are usually reported in meteorites but have never been associated with the reddening of the spectra. Here we show, for the first time, atomic force microscopy observations of diffuse nanostructured metal in ordinary chondrites. We also show that the corresponding spectra are unambiguously redder.

Published
2005

38. Intestinal malabsorption of HIV-infected children: relationship to diarrhoea, failure to thrive, enteric micro-organisms and immune impairment. The Italian Paediatric Intestinal/HIV Study Group

Author

GUARINO, ALFREDO, Albano F, Tarallo L, Borgia G, Caselli D, Castaldo A, Cicciarello S, Duse M, Falconieri P, Masi M, Reynaud L, Palomba E, Zuin G, Principi N, Piazza M, Rubino A., Guarino, Alfredo, Albano, F, Tarallo, L, Borgia, G, Caselli, D, Castaldo, A, Cicciarello, S, Duse, M, Falconieri, P, Masi, M, Reynaud, L, Palomba, E, Zuin, G, Principi, N, Piazza, M, and Rubino, A.

Subjects
Diarrhea, Adolescent, Infant, HIV Infections, Failure to Thrive, Intestines, Immunocompromised Host, Intestinal Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Intestinal Absorption, Child, Preschool, Prevalence, Humans, Child
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the features and the prevalence of intestinal-dysfunction in HIV-infected children and to investigate its relationship to diarrhoea, growth failure, immune dysfunction and enteric pathogens. DESIGN: Case controlled, cross-sectional multicentre study. SETTING: Children enrolled in tertiary care Italian centres for paediatric HIV infection from June 1990 to June 1992. Intestinal function tests and investigation for enteric viruses were performed in Naples. PATIENTS: Forty-seven children with symptomatic HIV infection, six of whom had diarrhoea. Fifty non-infected children with diarrhoea and 48 healthy children were enrolled as controls for enteric viruses positivity and intestinal tests. METHODS: Intestinal function was investigated by measuring fat, protein and carbohydrate adsorption using the steatocrit method, and determining the faecal concentration alpha-1-antitrypsin and the d-xylose absorption, respectively. Microbiological studies included investigation for classical and opportunistic pathogens and for enteric viruses by electron microscopy in the stools of HIV-infected children. The presence of viruses in the stools of HIV-negative children was also investigated. RESULTS: A high prevalence of intestinal-dysfunction was detected in HIV-infected children; faecal fat loss was detected in 14 out of 47 (30%), carbohydrate malabsorption in 15 out of 47 (32%) and protein loss in eight out of 47 (17%) HIV-infected children. Mean values of xylose blood level and of steatocrit were significantly different from those of healthy controls. Four children with diarrhoea were positive for Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of enteric viruses was significantly increased in HIV-infected children (57%) compared with healthy controls (17%). Intestinal-dysfunction was not associated with diarrhoea, poor growth, enteric agents or degree of immune dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal-dysfunction, consisting of fat, carbohydrate and protein malabsorption, is a common feature of paediatric HIV infection. Although not clinically evident, it may contribute to further worsening of the disease.

Published
1993

39. Prognostic value of a CCR5 defective allele in pediatric HIV-1 infection

Author

Romiti, M. L., Colognesi, C., Cancrini, C., Mas, A., Berrino, M., Salvatori, F., Orlandi, P., Jansson, M., Palomba, E., Plebani, A., Bertran, J. M., Hernandez, M., Martino, M., Amoroso, A., Tovo, P. A., PAOLO ROSSI, Espanol, T., and Scarlatti, G.

Subjects
Adolescent, Receptors, CCR5, Macrophages, Adolescence, Alleles, Child, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Infant, HIV Infections, Prognosis, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, HIV Long-Term Survivors, Jurkat Cells, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Child, Preschool, Mutation, HIV-1, Humans, Sequence Deletion, Research Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A deletion of 32 base pairs in the CCR5 gene (delta32 CCR5) has been linked to resistance to HIV-1 infection in exposed adults and to the delay of disease progression in infected adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the role of delta32 CCR5 in disease progression of HIV-1 infected children born to seropositive mothers, we studied a polymerase chain reaction in 301 HIV-1 infected, 262 HIV-1 exposed-uninfected and 47 HIV-1 unexposed-uninfected children of Spanish and Italian origin. Infected children were further divided into two groups according to their rate of HIV-1 disease progression: rapid progressors who developed severe clinical and/or immunological conditions within the second year of life, and delayed progressors with any other evolution of disease. Among the latter were the long-term, non-progressors (LTNP) who presented with mild or no symptoms of HIV-1 infection above 8 years of age. Viral phenotype was studied for 45 delayed progressors. RESULTS: No correlation was found between delta32 CCR5 and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. However, the frequency of the deletion was substantially higher in LTNP, compared with delayed (p = 0.019) and rapid progressors (p = 0.0003). In children carrying the delta32 CCRS mutation, the presence of MT-2 tropic virus isolate was associated with a severe immune suppression (p = 0.028); whereas, the presence of MT-2 negative viruses correlated with LTNP (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Given the rapidity and simplicity of the assay, the delta32 CCR5 mutation may be a useful predictive marker to identify children with delayed disease progression who, consequently, may not require immediate antiretroviral treatment.

Published
2000

40. The scientific goals of the Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) for the Rosetta mission

Author

Bussoletti, E., Palumbo, P., Rotundi, A., Colangeli, L., Mennella, V., Palomba, E., Vergara, S., Epifani, E., Lopez, J. J., Moreno, Olivares, I., Rodrigo, R., Moreno, F., Molina, A., Fulle, M., Crifo, J. F., MC DONNEL, J. A. M., Leese, M., Lamy, P., Perruchot, S., Perrin, J. M., Angrilli, F., Benini, Ernesto, Coradini, A., Giovane, F., Gruen, E., Gustafson, B., and Weissman, P. R.

Published
1998

41. The Giada Experiment for the Rosetta Mission

Author

Palumbo, P., Palomba, E., Bussoletti, E., Colangeli, L., Epifani, E., Vito Mennella, Rotundi, A., Vergara, S., Fulle, M., Angrilli, F., Benini, E., Celli, S., Debei, S., and Saggin, B.

Published
1997

42. Intestinal Malabsorption of Hiv-infected Children - Relationship To Diarrhea, Failure-to-thrive, Enteric Microorganisms and Immune Impairment

Author

Guarino, A., Albano, F., Tarallo, L., Castaldo, A., Rubino, A., Borgia, G., Cicciarello, S., Reynaud, L., Piazza, M., Caselli, D., Duse, Marzia, Falconieri, P., Masi, M., Palomba, E., Zuin, G., Principi, N., Guarino, Alfredo, F., Albano, L., Tarallo, A., Castaldo, A., Rubino, Borgia, Guglielmo, S., Cicciarello, L., Reynaud, M., Piazza, D., Caselli, M., Duse, P., Falconieri, M., Masi, E., Palomba, G., Zuin, and N., Principi

Subjects
AIDS, AIDS, HIV, DIARRHEA, MALABSORPTION, NUTRIENT ABSORPTION, ENTERIC VIRUSES, ROTAVIRUS, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM, MALABSORPTION, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM, NUTRIENT ABSORPTION, HIV, ENTERIC VIRUSES, ROTAVIRUS, DIARRHEA
Abstract

Objective: To determine the features and the prevalence of intestinal-dysfunction in HIV-infected children and to investigate its relationship to diarrhoea, growth failure, immune dysfunction and enteric pathogens. Design: Case controlled, cross-sectional multicentre study. Setting: Children enrolled in tertiary care Italian centres for paediatric HIV infection from June 1990 to June 1992. Intestinal function tests and investigation for enteric viruses were performed in Naples. Patients: Forty-seven children with symptomatic HIV infection, six of whom had diarrhoea. Fifty non-infected children with diarrhoea and 48 healthy children were enrolled as controls for enteric viruses positivity and intestinal tests. Methods: Intestinal function was investigated by measuring fat, protein and carbohydrate absorption using the steatocrit method, and determining the faecal concentration alpha-1-antitrypsin and the d-xylose absorption, respectively. Microbiological studies included investigation for classical and opportunistic pathogens and for enteric viruses by electron microscopy in the stools of HIV-infected children. The presence of viruses in the stools of HIV-negative children was also investigated. Results: A high prevalence of intestinal-dysfunction was detected in HIV-infected children; faecal fat loss was detected in 14 out of 47 (30%), carbohydrate malabsorption in 1 5 out of 47 (32%) and protein loss in eight out of 47 (17%) HIV-infected children. Mean values of xylose blood level and of steatocrit were significantly different from those of healthy controls. Four children with diarrhoea were positive for Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of enteric viruses was significantly increased in HIV-infected children (57%) compared with healthy controls (17%). Intestinal-dysfunction was not associated with diarrhoea, poor growth, enteric agents or degree of immune dysfunction. Conclusions: Intestinal-dysfunction, consisting of fat, carbohydrate and protein malabsorption, is a common feature of paediatric HIV infection. Although not clinically evident, it may contribute to further worsening of the disease.

Published
1993

43. EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES, AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF PAEDIATRIC HIV INFECTION

Author

Tovo, P. A., de Martino, M., Caramia), G., Armenio, L., Schettini, F., De Mattia, D., Chiodo, F., Masi, M., Trombacco, M. G., Zaniboni, M. G., Duse, Marzia, Vertua, G., Quarta, G., Cao, A., Dessi', C., Di Gregorio, F., Bezzi, T., Cocchi, P., Calabri, G., Vierucci, A., Galli, L., Boeri, E., Jannuzzi, C., Terragna, A., De Maria, A., Sanpietro, F., Barbanera, M., Bardare, M., Plebani, A., Giovannini, M., Magni, L. A., Marchisio, P., Tornaghi, R., Rossi, A., Esposito, L., Guarino, A., Romano, G., Viggiano, D., Zacchello, F., Giaquinto, C., Chieco Bianchi, L., Benaglia, G., Bertolini, P., Arico', M., Caselli, D., Bassanetti, F., Consolini, R., Antonellini, A., Magnani, C., Calvani, M., Falconieri, P., Segni, G., Fundaro', C., Gabiano, C., Palomba, E., Perugini, L., and Negro, F.

Subjects
Hepatitis, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, business.industry, Vaginal delivery, Mortality rate, Secondary infection, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Substance abuse, Epidemiology, medicine, Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, business
Abstract

486 children born to HIV-positive mothers, 57 children infected by blood products, and 1 child for whom the personal history was not available were studied. Perinatal infection had a more varied clinical picture and a worse outcome compared with infection acquired later in childhood. Severe secondary infections, neurological disorders, and hepatitis (but not lymphoid interstitial pneumonia) were linked to a high mortality rate in perinatally infected children, in whom an early onset of symptoms was also a bad prognostic factor. Perinatal HIV infection occurred in 32·6% of children born to seropositive mothers, with a higher transmission rate in children born by vaginal delivery and then breast-fed. Preterm delivery and low birthweight seemed to be related to drug abuse during pregnancy, not to intrauterine HIV infection. Girls had a higher rate of perinatal infection and, of those infected, had an increased mortality.

Published
1988
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44. Effects of the major Pasteurella multocida porin on bovine neutrophils

Author

Massimiliano Galdiero, Palomba, E., Martino, L., Vitiello, M., Pagnini, P., Galdiero, Massimiliano, Palomba, E, De, L, Vitiello, M, and Pagnini, P.

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Pasteurella multocida, Neutrophils, Polymers, Animals, Porins, Cattle, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, In Vitro Techniques, Flow Cytometry, Actins, Respiratory Burst
Abstract

To evaluate in vitro effect of the major fraction of outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida with porin-like activities on some biological functions of bovine neutrophils.Neutrophils from 5 adult cattle.Variations in such biological processes as actin polymerization and chemotaxis and evaluation of hydrogen peroxide attributable to variable concentrations of P multocida were recorded and compared. Data were obtained, using the porin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from a strain of P multocida cultivated in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. Various concentrations of porin and LPS were analyzed to evaluate changes in functional activation and microbicidal activity of bovine neutrophils.The 37.5-kd major polypeptide of the outer membrane of P multocida was isolated. Presence of this porin was significantly correlated with variations of some biological functions of bovine neutrophils. These immunocompetent cells had a concentration-dependent increase in actin polymerization and chemotactic activity. A concentration-dependent variation in the oxidative burst also was observed.The porins of gram-negative bacteria affect several biological functions of cells involved in the immune response as well as in inflammation. Significant correlation of results of in vitro experiments also was identified between porin and LPS effect. Pretreatment of bovine neutrophils with various concentrations of porin always caused a concentration-dependent increase in examined biological activities.

45. Early Grain Detections in the Coma of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Rotundi, A., Della Corte, V., Fulle, M., Accolla, M., Ferrari, M., Ivanovski, S., Lucarelli, F., Sordini, R., Zakharov, V., Mazzotta Epifani, E., Lopez-Moreno, J. J., Rodriguez, J., Colangeli, L., Palumbo, P., Crifo, J. C., Bussoletti, E., Esposito, F., Green, S., Grün, E., Lamy, P. L., Mcdonnell, J. A. M., Vito Mennella, Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Ortiz, J. L., Palomba, E., Perrin, J. -M, Rietmeijer, F. J. M., Rodrigo, R., Weissman, P. R., Zarnecki, J. C., Cosi, M., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B., Herranz, M. L., Jeronimo, J. M., Leese, M. R., Lopez-Jimenez, A., and Altobelli, N.

49. Experiments for in-situ monitoring of dust environments in the Solar System

Author

Colangeli, L., Bussoletti, E., López-Moreno, J. J., Epifani, E., Francesca Esposito, Mennella, V., Palomba, E., Palumbo, P., Rotundi, A., Vergara, S., Jeronimo, J. M., Lopez-Jimenez, A. C., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Olivares, I., Rodrigo, R., Rodriguez-Gomez, J. F., Ruiz-Falco, A., Sanchez, J., Mcdonnell, J. A. M., Leese, M., Lamy, P., Perruchot, S., Crifo, J. F., Fulle, M., Perrin, J. M., Angrilli, F., Coradini, A., Giovane, F., Gruen, E., Gustafson, B., Maag, C., and Weissman, P. R.

50. DREAMS for the ExoMars 2016 mission: a suite of sensors for the characterization of Martian environment

Author

Esposito, F., Debei, S., Bettanini, C., Molfese, C., Arruego Rodríguez, I., Colombatti, G., Harri, A. -M, Montmessin, F., Wilson, C., Aboudan, A., Zaccariotto, M., Abaki, S., Bellucci, G., Berthelier, J. -J, Brucato, J. R., Calcutt, S. B., Cortecchia, F., Cucciarrè, F., Di Achille, G., Ferri, F., Forget, F., Frisco, E., Genzer, M., Gilbert, P., Goutail, J. -P, Haukka, H., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, S., Josset, J. -L, Karatekin, O., Landis, G., Lorentz, R., Marthy, L., Martinez, J., Vito Mennella, Möhlmann, D., Palomba, E., Patel, M., Pommereau, J. -P, Popa, C. I., Rafkin, S., Rannou, P., Renno, N. O., Schipani, P., Schmidt, W., Segato, E., Simoes, F., Spiga, A., Valero, F., Vázquez, L., Vivat, F., Witasse, O., Yahi, S., Mugnuolo, R., and Pirrotta, S.

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