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Courtship and mating behavior were investigated in four species, representing three different genera, in the family Pachytroctidae. All exhibited a lengthy courtship in the male-above position followed by brief copulation in the female-above position with both facing in the same direction. This courtship behavior has not previously been observed in ‘Psocoptera’ and may be unique to Pachytroctidae. In three of the species in this study, the spermatophore remnant protruded from the tip of the male’s abdomen after copulation, and was immediately deposited on the surface of the experimental enclosure. Differences in courtship behavior of the two closely related and sympatric Tapinella species, described in this report, may represent reproductive isolating mechanisms. Under experimental conditions, we observed a male of each Tapinella species mount, court, and attempt to mate with a virgin female of the other species. In each case the female rejected the male and failed to mate. Implications relative to these behaviors are discussed. DOI links to videos are provided for easy access.

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Libaneuphoris jantopi gen. et sp. n., Burmipachytrocta singularis gen. et sp. n., and Atapinella garroustei gen. et sp. n., three fossil taxa assigned to Pachytroctidae (Psocodea, Troctomorpha), are described and figured from the Cretaceous ambers of Lebanon and Myanmar. A new subfamily Libaneuphorinae subfam. nov. is proposed to embrace the Lebanese fossil Libaneuphoris jantopi . The positions of the new taxa are discussed and the fossils are compared to other pachytroctids. The described species represent the earliest records of the family Pachytroctidae. A checklist of all known Pachytrocidae is given.

Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin, Bai, Ming (2017): A catalogue of Burmite inclusions. Zoological Systematics 42 (3): 249-379, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715

257) Burmipachytrocta singularis Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015 Burmipachytrocta singularis Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015: 340. Type specimen(s). H (♀): NIGP159660 (NIGP)., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 295, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313

3.195 Genus Burmipachytrocta Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015 Burmipachytrocta Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015: 340. Type species: Burmipachytrocta singularis Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 295, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313

258) Atapinella garroustei Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015 Atapinella garroustei Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015: 343. Type specimen(s). H (♀): NIGP159661 (NIGP)., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 296, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313

258) Atapinella garroustei Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015 Atapinella garroustei Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015: 343. Type specimen(s). H (♀): NIGP159661 (NIGP).

3.196 Genus Atapinella Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015 Atapinella Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015: 343. Type species: Atapinella garroustei Azar, Huang, Cai & Nel, 2015., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 295, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313

Peritroctes bengalensis Thornton and Wong, originally described from West Bengal, India, is first recorded from the Western Hemisphere from three counties in south-central Texas. The description of the apterous female is augmented and the male, macropterous female, micropterous female, and egg are described.

Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) have long been considered to compose a monophyletic group of insects on the basis of external morphological character- istics. However, a recent phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences suggested that 'Phthiraptera' have arisen twice within the order Psocoptera (booklice and barklice). The external features of lice are highly specialized to a parasitic lifestyle, and convergence may be frequent for such characters. To provide a further test between traditional and recent molecular-based phylogenetic hypotheses, a phy- logenetic analysis of lice and relatives based on morphological characters that are independent from the selective pressures of a parasitic lifestyle is needed. Here, we examined the morphology of the male phallic organ in lice and relatives ('Psocoptera': suborders Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha) and detected some novel modifications that were stable within each group and useful for higher level phylogenetic reconstruction. Phylogenetic analysis based on these characters provided a concordant result with the 18S-based phylogeny. In particular, the apomorphic presence of articulations between the basal plate, mesomere and ventral plate (! sclerite on the permanently everted endophallus) is observed consistently throughout the psocid families Pachytroctidae and Liposcelididae and the louse suborder Amblycera, providing support for a clade composed of these three groups, although possible homoplasy was detected in some Ischnocera. This is the first study to provide morphological support for the polyphyly of lice.

Two new apterous species of Psocoptera (Insecta) are described and illustrated, each belonging to a new genus: Helenatropos abrupta gen. n., sp. n. (female) (Trogiidae) from a semidesertic biotope on the mid-Atlantic island of St Helena, and Thoracotroctes spinifer gen. n., sp. n. (male) (Pachytroctidae) from the endemic Didiereaceae vegetation in southern Madagascar. The systematic positions of the new genera within their families are discussed and a new subfamily is defined for Thoracotroctes gen. n.: Thoracotroctinae subfam. n. A key to the subfamilies of Pachytroctidae is provided.

We found 14 female specimens of Antilopsocus nadleri Gurney, 1965 in Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais, Brazil and in Cauca, Colombia, far from Trinidad and Tobago and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, where the species was previously known. Antilopsocus nadleri had not been collected since 1968.

Tapinella vittata Garc��a Aldrete Tapinella vittata Garc��a Aldrete 1993: 94. Misiones Province, San Ignacio Min��, 1 female, 10.IX. 2003, beating branches with dead leaves in forest. A. N. Garc��a Aldrete (CNIN). This species was previously known only from central and southern Mexico, so its presence in Argentina is remarkable., Published as part of Garc��a, Alfonso N., 2009, New species and records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Argentina, pp. 1-17 in Zootaxa 2219 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190002, {"references":["Garcia Aldrete, A. N. (1993) The Mexican Pachytroctidae (Troctomorpha: Psocoptera). Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 64 (2), 89 - 107."]}

Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel ate eggs but not 1st-stage larvae of Xyletinus peltatus (Harris) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). At a ratio of 1 psocid per 1.25 eggs, psocids ate 71.7% of the beetle eggs in the absence of other food, and 33.3% when other food was available. As psocid numbers increased, total consumption of beetle eggs increased proportionately. L. bostrychophilus apparently eats about 5% of the beetle eggs under natural conditions, and thus may be slightly beneficial in limiting most natural infestations. Other psocids found associated with beetle-infested wood were Rhyopsocus phillipsae Sommerman and Tapinella prob. africana Badonnel (Psocoptera: Psoquillidae and Pachytroctidae, respectively).