Search

As we know solar energy is an very important aspect in respect to the present environmental situation. It is necessary to change our energy resources from non renewable to renewable sources. This project is designed to measure energy of solar panels. The current and voltage are measured so that we can monitor these parameters and get to know where to use them and what updations should be made to increase there productivity, efficiency with low maintenance. Here, the measurements are done by the help of different sensors and PIC microcontroller.

LPG gas is primarily used for cooking in our country. This paper focuses on continuous monitoring, booking and leakage detection in household LPG cylinder. In this system we have used PIC 16F877A microcontroller, GSM SIM 800c module and ESP8266 for monitoring and detection purpose. If gas level goes low, it helps us to make automatic booking of new gas cylinder using GSM module. Gas level is monitored with the help of the load cell and the current level of the cylinder can be viewed at any time in our mobile phone with the help of mobile application. The gas leakage is sensed with the help of MQ-6 gas sensor. When any leakage is detected, it turns on the buzzer and also alerts the consumer through a message. An automatic closure of cylinder valve is done using a solenoid valve and exhaust fans are switched on. By detecting gas leakage, we can avoid accidents which causes damage to life and property.

In recent year many intelligent techniques and approaches have been introduced in photovoltaic (PV) system for the utilisation of free harvest renewable energy. The modern day power system is undergoing rapid and dynamic metamorphosis from the legacy system, in the direction of an intelligent power system. The use of renewable energy resources as rural electrification at the distribution level is on the rise alongside advances in the efficiency of associated technologies and automation of the power sector. This paper presents a cost effective solar charge controller (SCC) using programmable intelligent controller (PIC) to control and coordinate the functions properly. The source code for the PIC microcontroller will be written in C to obtain accurate and efficient disconnecting or reconnecting action automatically. Accordingly, battery can be disconnected from solar cell when overcharging and reconnected while under discharging. The proposed charge controller is equipped with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to display the battery charging status and amount of current flown from solar cell to load via microcontroller. The Details of design for the construction of SCC using crystal oscillator, optocoupler, Dusk-Down sensor and an In-build digital voltmeter, are presented. The construction, operation and experimental result of our proposed smart solar charge controller indicates that it is more cost effective, reliable and functions properly.

A caution for motorist, a new technique is developed to prevent accidents. The accidents are mostly occurs due to three reasons such as: drunk and drive, no medical assistant as early as possible and speaking over the mobile phones. As taken this into account a smart helmet is designed to prevent accidents. The drunk and drive is prevented by using Alcohol sensor(MQ2).The fastest medical assistant can be given by using Piezoelectric plate made of Berlinite material and PIC Microcontroller 16F887. The major accidents occur only when motorist speak over the mobile phone. To avoid this mobile phone is connected to the PIC microcontroller via Bluetooth and Bluetooth and PIC Microcontroller is connected using UART. Initially the call will be cut two times and if it is important to caller, the caller will be directed for some information and it is indicated to the motorist using LED-BIGGY and a buzzer.

Our country has been through war since 1947, through the will of Indian soldiers to defend our country has led us to be victorious but we have lost many precious lives. At present our enemy has concentrated more on robotic based technology to counter us, although the love, courage and will does not imply to a robot, India has been emerging with latest technology like Agni missile to counter. War field spying robot with UGV’s is the latest technology which most nations are associated with to defend the lives of their soldiers. Our robotic model has been designed such that it gives live location at server end to keep surveillance, empowered by PIC microcontroller and NodeMCU manually designed to give complete and hassle-free use. It’s connected with IR sensor, bomb detector and buzzer. The IR sensor gives the hinderance information and bomb detector has been implied to fund underground mines. The server end connected through blynk gives all the information required. Thus, it can be very helpful only to counter the enemy but also to make strategic preparations in time of war.

Use of cell phones while driving is abnormal. This causes the danger of occupied driving and mishaps. Scientists have led an overview around the globe, and they all concur that utilization of cell phones while driving is hazardous and dangerous. Drivers need to utilize various aptitudes while driving. Any slip by in fixation builds the danger of the vehicle being engaged with an accident. Driving while at the same time utilizing a hand held cell phone can cause both physical and mental interruption which influences driving execution. Exploration shows that utilizing a cell phone while driving expands the danger of slamming. Utilizing a cell phone while driving can bring significantly more serious threat to new drivers as they may encounter trouble in adjusting the numerous requests on their driving - from perceptual, mental and physical undertakings. Examination has discovered unpracticed drivers who utilize a cell phone invest less energy taking a gander at the street ahead. They are likewise bound to meander over the street (across roadways) and take more time to see driving dangers. A cell phone can be significant in a crisis. In the event that you have to utilize your cell phone to call for help, stop and park securely where you won't imperil other street clients. To evacuate these risks another proficient kind of versatile jammer while driving is proposed utilizing pic microcontroller. In this new plan we will cripple the Keypad, by utilizing microcontroller. We will do it utilizing a 433 MHz recurrence which has an open permit. So there is no need of authorizing. In these cases, booking the batteries or battery cells over the heap to misuse the recuperation properties of the batteries assists with broadening the general frameworks lifetime. Clear booking plans, as cooperative effort or picking the best battery accessible, as of now give a major improvement contrasted with a consecutive release of the batteries. In this venture, these booking plans are contrasted and the ideal planning plan delivered with two diverse displaying approaches: a methodology dependent on an estimated coordinated machine model (executed and assessed in), just as a logical methodology (incompletely figured as nonlinear enhancement issue) for a marginally adjusted planning issue.

Designing a photovoltaic system that aims to pumping air in fish tanks by air pump in order to meet the fish needs of the vital oxygen. The system consists of two circuits, load circuit and control circuit. 1. Circuit load: solar panel, Battery, charge controller and Inverter. 2. Circuit control: relay 12 V, pic microcontroller 16f877A, Transistor BC547, Diode 1N4148, Crystal 4MHZ and Capacitor 22 Pf. The analysis shows the configuration of photovoltaic 400W, 1battery of 200 Ah, inverter 1 kW and 4 charge controller 10 A. This is the most economically feasible and average cost of energy (ACOE) is about 2.6 EG₱/kWh. . “Dissolved oxygen” or DO, and is measured in parts per million or ppm in fish tank rise above 3 (stressed level).

Unreliability and interruptions facing power supply are evidence of the excessive heat generated in power systems, as a result of the inefficiency of oil cooling medium employed in distribution transformers. The design and implementation of a prototype automatic temperature control system is to be employed as a method towards solving the above stated problem of excessive temperature rise in distribution transformers. The prototype design consists of a PIC microcontroller programmed in C language, an LM35 temperature sensor, an electric fan and other diverse electronic component. It operates a mechanism that detects temperature rise in the transformer and automatically turns on the cooling fan at extreme temperature conditions. A 16x2 LCD is employed as the medium for temperature display unit of the transformer. The resulting prototype functions in a way that it has the ability to detect every 1ºC rise and reduction in the temperature of the transformer. Thus, at extreme temperature conditions, the automatic temperature control system diminishes the excessive heat generated in the transformer to the appropriate working temperature condition. Orjiewulu, J. C. | Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

This paper reviews basically about Bluetooth based home automation system. It is controlled by PIC microcontroller. Home automation can be defined as the ability to perform tasks automatically and monitor or change status remotely. These include tasks such as turning off lights in the room, locking doors via smartphone, automate air condition systems and appliances which help in the kitchen. Now a days several wireless devices are available such as Bluetooth, Zigbee and GSM. Since Bluetooth is low in cost than the other two and hence is used more. In this paper we have described the methods of automating different home appliances using Bluetooth and pic microcontroller. Different sensors are involved in this system to advance and make it smarter. Sensors such as temperature sensor, liquid sensors, humidity sensor etc. can be used.

Herein, a portable device for wound healing with self-charging capability has been proposed by utilizing embedded system technology with an electromagnetic energy harvester. With the storing capability, the harvester can generate electricity from human vibration. By enhancing the coil turns and speed of the magnet, the generation rate of the harvester can be increased. The vacuum environment can be easily established by a vacuum pump. According to the negative pressure sensor's data, the environment can be easily stabilized by applying Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to the pump driver. By using adhesive drape, the wound surface can be easily fitted with the fluid container. The device can be used at indoor and outdoor environment uninterruptedly.

To improve car security, this study presents an SMS-controlled car security system by incorporating image capturing and voice recording techniques. The device is operated by a mobile phone and is connected to a PIC, GPS, and GSM modem. The entire system is made up of two sections: the transmitting and receiving sections. The transmitting part is made up of the microcontroller, which serves as the system's brain, the global positioning system (GPS), which is used to obtain precise location and time, a GSM modem (Siemens TC35) that sends and receives messages and voice call, extremely small snapshot camera which takes the pictures of the car thieves, process it into Jpeg file and forward it to the PIC through a serial port, and voice recording device which receives the conversation of the car thief and also forward it to the receiving part for storage. The nRF2401 receiver and the memory card that serves as a storage device for data files make up the receiving ends. This device can carry out commands sent to it via text and SMS from a mobile phone. The modem is queried by the microcontroller to see whether there are any messages from the users through the hidden condense microphone, the user can make a voice call and listen to the thieves conversation. This advanced vehicle security system is ideal for tracking stolen vehicles and their intruders.

This paper presents the idea of controlling switches of different home appliances with the self-developed android application and a micro-controller based Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Primary use of this model is to make places hands-free with the help of contact-less control of all wired electrical devices. In this, the commands are given through the android application that have been designed using “Java” in Android Studio, the input format is taken as voice commands/buttons. The voice command is then translated into string which is sent to the HC-05 Bluetooth module for the decision-making process. The control structure for the appliance selection is present in the PIC microcontroller 16F887, which accepts signal through HC-05 which is connected with the Universal Synchronized Asynchronized Receiver Transmitter (USART), as the string sent by the Application matches with the string coded with “Embedded C” in PIC. It will give signal to the 8-channel relay which switches the relay ON/OFF, which is in turn connected with the appliances. For connecting the application with the smartphone, Bluetooth technology is used. Microcontroller used in this paper acts as a final controller and gives commands to the relay which finally controls the appliances. Use of this technology can be incorporated in various places where a lot of switching is required and time must be saved, also we can use this in homes, and all major public places keeping in mind with the current circumstances of COVID-19, wherein it has become necessary to make the daily things in life contactless.

Solar power is clean and is safe for the environment. There are many challenges in converting solar energy into electricity. Temperature and solar irradiance are the important factors that affect the output performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system. There are different PV system topologies such as standalone and grid connected PV system. This paper focuses on standalone PV system. In standalone PV system, the storage of solar electricity through battery is playing major role. This paper illustrates the complete design of prototype model of the standalone PV-battery charging scheme with MPPT and Charge controller. The proposed PV charging scheme uses PIC microcontroller PIC16F877A based charge controller for regulating the battery charging by limiting the overcharging current and to protect the battery from over charging. Also this control uses incremental conductance based Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) method. Control algorithm for PIC controller is discussed in this paper.

The integrated renewable sources and linear load connections are affected more when compared to the stand alone system. This leads to voltage and current changes from grid parameters in uncertain renewable sources. This research work has implemented hybrid control strategies to enhance renewable energy integration. From this technique, it can suppress the reactive power, which introduces unity power factor and harmonic content in the load current. To obtain the required control strategy in an active power filter, novel approaches are implemented b using a PIC microcontroller and then the entire system is simulated.

This work represents finger print based System for driving licensing verification. One of the most important new technologies in this century is biometrics. Our ability to secure and protect sensitive data and facilities is becoming increasingly critical as the world becomes more volatile and potentially susceptible to fraudulent forces. From these different available biometric features, one that provides a high mismatch ratio and consistency is fingerprint recognition. In several countries, driving without a license is a serious problem. According to the survey, unlicensed drivers were responsible for the majority of the incidents. So, a new system is proposed i.e., finger-print identification. This project depicts the creation and implementation of a prototype automated license verification method. It verifies a person's identity by using their fingerprints. An individual will continue with ignition if the finger print stored in the controller and the finger print swiped in the system match; otherwise, ignition will be disabled. This will reduce the accidents happened by unlicensed drivers.

The problem related to traffic is a complex one requiring proper design and planning for developing an efficient solution. Drivers are expected to pay attention to identify traffic signs, interpret and follow them while driving. Many of the accidents occur because drivers lose their attention and ignore the street signs. An automatic system in a car which detects, recognizes, interprets and gives warning to the driver would be a great help in reducing the number of road accidents. This paper proposes an embedded system based on Raspberry Pi 3 and uses CNN (Convolution Neural Network) algorithm to detect and identify the captured traffic signs and activate the motor accordingly. Among the different activation functions ReLu is better but its derivative is zero fo r negative values. Hence in this paper a new activation function is proposed which gives a better accuracy, less loss and execution time when compared with ReLu. The detection of traffic sign boards will send the output signal to PIC (Peripheral Interface Controllers) microcontroller which will compare the input value from Raspberry Pi with the rotating speed of DC motor. According to the control signal from PIC microcontroller, servomotor turns 45 deg for controlling ABS system and the speed of the vehicle is thus reduced when a sign board is detected. LCD displays the speed in which the vehicle is running. The CNN model with proposed activation function gives an accuracy of 93% with sensitivity and specificity above 70% and 55% respectively.

The primary objective is to bridge the gap between the visually impaired people and society. There are approximately 37 million people across the globe who are blind, over 15 million are from India. People with visual disabilities are often dependent on external assistance. Blind people use Braille language for reading, writing and for communication purpose. Blind people face problems such as reading SMS and replying for it in case of emergency. Braille language is used as the basis of the project. Therefore interfacing Braille pad with the GSM module so that the blind people can have the access to the SMS system is advantageous. Thus we were motivated to develop an experimental system for communication to assist people who are completely blind using Braille pad system. In which GSM module convert text inputs into Braille patterns through vibrations using DC cylindrical motors with PIC microcontroller as the master. Therefore the words corresponding vibration will be intimated through the gloves to the visually impaired people. It will result to overcome the disabilities of visually impaired to understand other’s expressions.

This paper proposes the design of PIC Microcontroller based Automatic Stamping machine. In stamping industry & printing industry stamping machine is one of the standard machines. It is mainly used to trample the emblem or any other secret code. This automatic Stamping machine is useful in academic institutions, administration offices, Post offices, finance department etc. A roller mechanism is used for the feed of the paper and the stamping will be done by including a simple link mechanism. The structure can easily be simplified by using crank shaft and screw rod mechanism.

The paper presents an automated system for the temperature control using a PIC microcontroller, a digital temperature sensor with I2C and a MOSFET as actuator. The control strategy is a proportional-integrative one, preceded by an on-off algorithm. The most important data is presented on a graphical interface. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used.

One of the kind of packages enabled via the internet of things (iot), excellent and linked healthcare is probably a extensively critical one. A technique which elements essential signal and pulse price mistreatment lm35 and pulse detector severally. Devices accumulate and proportion data without delay with each different and because of this cloud, growing it doable to acquire, document and examine new understanding streams faster and plenty of as it should be. That means all sorts of interest-grabbing prospects across many different industries: automobiles that feel put on and tear and self-schedule upkeep or trains that dynamically calculate and report projected arrival times to ready passengers. We regularly advise a realistic health center device (shs), that depends upon completely exceptional, however complimentary, technology, specially rfid, wsn and right mobile, interoperating with each other via manner of a pressured application protocol ipv6 over low-energy wireless private area network realistic nation transfer (relaxation) community infrastructure. Frequence identity technology are a long way more and more hired in several packages, like inner control, and object chase. This systems sends the important time familiarity with someone to his medical doctor and report it for his destiny reference. This paper is facilitate to provide the right and inexpensive scientific provider.

In the present work, a simple and low-cost instrument is designed to measure the dielectric constant of ceramic materials using the impedance analyser IC AD5933. The AD5933 is highly accurate impedance converter, which provides the impedance value of the sample with respect to different frequencies. The capacitance and dielectric constant values of the prepared samples are derived from the impedance. A PIC microcontroller is used to interface the circuitry of the impedance analyser and display the measured data on the LCD. In addition, the measured data are exhibited on the serial console of the microcontroller. The measured values were compared with standard impedance analysing device HIOKI-LCR Hi-tester353250.

The amount of waste has been increasing due to the increase in human population and urbanization. In cities, the overflowed bin creates an unhygienic environment. Thus degrades the environment, to overcome this situation “Automatic Waste Segregator” is developed to reduce to work for the ragpickers the wastes are segregated by the human beings which leads to health problems to the workers. The proposed system separates the waste into three categories namely wet, dry and metallic waste. This developed system is not only cost efficient also makes the waste management productive one. Each of the wastes are detected by the respective sensors and gets segregated inside the bins which is assigned to them the details of amount of waste disposal is updated in the server regularly.

The electric power supplied by hybrid renewable sources such as Photovoltaic panels and Wind Turbines associated to storage systems as Batteries (PV/WT/BAT systems) depends on environmental factors (wind speed, light intensity and temperature). These factors are characterized by their intermittence and unpredictability; it is therefore essential to effectively control and manage power flows from these sources. This paper presents the implementation of the different energy management scenarios of a PV/WT/BAT system based on various programmable targets (VLSI and Pic microcontroller).

This research paper develops a smart house hazard alarm system for mobile phone applications. The developed system is capable of sending alarm messages to mobile phones informing of hazard cases such as fire, water flood and intruders. The system based on using various sensors controlled by a PIC microcontroller which consist of a modem and GPS modules for message sending and receiving. The system is programmed to receive feedback messages and to take appropriate actions such as switching OFF electrical appliances. This circuit is suitable to work with verity of existing mobile and smart phones. The developed system is tested under real-life conditions and showed an average 85% accuracy in detecting various hazards.

The proposed research work has developed a novel working model to assist the growth of plants by deploying enhanced protection and fully controlled environment. The horticulture environment data processed through the sensors play a vital role in enhancing the quantity and quality of the developed product. The manually performed assistance for plant growth is protracted and at the same time, it consumes more time. With the help of Internet of things and different sensors, the proposed system has been developed to play an important role in the development of plant and their production. The monitoring and controlling of plant is carried out with the help of DHT11, actuators, and water level sensor. Furthermore, the Output of these sensors are stored for further analysis while elucidating the concept of cloud instrumentation in the horticulture system.

In this paper, a simple and low cost method based on a mathematical equation is used to calculate the solar irradiance (G). It is based on the short circuit currents output and the currents at the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV module at both Standard test conditions (STC) and Actual conditions of irradiation & temperature (G,T). The values of currents at $(STC)\{I_{sc}(STC); I_{mp}(STC)\}$ are read directly on the PV module datasheet, while the other value of currents at ( $G, T$ ) conditions $\{I_{sc}(G, T); I_{mp}(G, T)\}$ are measured via a data acquisition card equipped with a PIC microcontroller and voltage and current sensors. The used equation with the four currents is programmed using LabView interface. Several irradiances deduced from these four data are displayed on the graphical interface. Three different PV modules have been tested and the obtained solar irradiances have been compared to those displayed by a first class pyranometer. The error calculation confirms the accuracy of the proposed method.

This paper investigates the low order harmonics of a simplified approach to generate high quality sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) waveform produced by voltage source inverter (VSI). Programmable interface controllers (PIC) microcontroller was chosen to produce the signals in Real time with voltage feedback to control the puls width during direct current (DC) link voltage reduction. The research considered simplicity, durability, and reliability as conditions. The proposed technique was successfully passed one of the biggest challenges which is time criteria presence due to execution time of the feedback loop and the transient time required for power electronics switches to turn fully off and on, known as dead time. The proposed technique can be considered as practical, high feasibility according to economic point of view and its accuracy to the input variables. The pseudocode, algorithm, and flowchart for closed loop real time voltage control to produce SPWM system using microcontroller was explained, illustrated and verified. The desired objectives were accomplished to achieve system that is able to generate high quality real-time SPWM with closed loop control.

A microcontroller based pulse width modulation implementation for multilevel quasi Z source inverter is proposed in this paper. The component design of quasi z source inverter (qZSI) is first considered with continuous and discontinuous mode of operations. The low switching frequency operation of multilevel quasi Z source inverter is proposed in this paper. The detailed modelling for qZSI is then established for effective implementation of PIC microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) for generating the switching signals. A prototype of five level quasi z-source inverter have been developed and the control signal to the gate drivers have been applied by properly adjusting the shoot through and non shoot through switching states. The hardware result shows the effective implementation of the proposed scheme.

Every year, millions of people around the world die from road accidents, excessive or unsuitable speed is one of the main factors responsible for accidents, and it is implicated in a third of deaths. The main objective of this paper is to follow the driver from the speed of the vehicle as well as to know his behavior and his physical state on the roads to reduce the risk of accidents. In this paper, we monitor the instantaneous speed of the vehicle using a control system that can be mounted in any vehicle equipped with the OBD-2 protocol (on-board diagnostics). A monitoring chain based on a PIC microcontroller will be mounted in the vehicle as well as other peripherals such as an SD memory card module, a GPS geographic positioning sensor, a shock sensor and a global system for mobile communications GSM module. Unauthorized speed and the location data of the vehicle will be recorded in the SD memory card with accurate date and clock. In the event of an accident, an emergency message containing the latest speed and position data will be sent through the GSM module to the nearby medical center and local police as well as to the operator or owner (in case of car rental).

Physiotherapy is an important treatment for neurological and musculoskeletal issue. With the immense improvement and the most recent innovative headway in mechatronics, prosthetic gadgets have procured enthusiasm for a wide range of fields, for example, restorative and mechanical fields. A prosthetic gadget can be an outer wearable machine that covers the body or part of it. It is created by electric engines. It tends to be introduced on an upper, lower appendage, and recuperate or toes. In addition, it very well may be utilized for various purposes, for example, restoration, control help, diagnostics, checking, ergonomics, and so on. A large portion of the current wearable gadgets face various issues as far as size, cost, and weight; they are tremendous, costly, and substantial. Along these lines, the objective of this undertaking is to plan a versatile, lightweight, and low-cost rehabilitation system for people with a deadened leg dependent on web of things. In this venture, we are utilizing PIC microcontroller to screen and control the lower appendage and toes. The wearable gadget enables a client to perform explicit developments and activities to prepare the patient's disabled leg utilizing web of things. Consequently, the client continuously begins to re-establish the usefulness of his leg.

Variable frequency drives (VFD) are acquiring popularity in the effective way of controlling the high-power industrial motor drives. The bewildering failure of these drives may affect the motor performance, and to build unscheduled downtime in the industry, it leads to high loss of production cost. Fault detected at the earlier stage at any part of the three-phase induction motor may protect the machine from catastrophic failure and also result in protection of the system from complete shutdown. In this paper, an intelligent health monitoring system of an induction motor has been developed using measurement of ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature at heat sink, speed of the cooling fan, the cable length, input voltage and output current to monitor external parameters such as voltage, current and temperature and to reduce the downtime of an industry by monitoring the drive externally. The initial phase fault exposure plays an important role in cataclysmal anticipatory maintenance of three-phase induction motor. To monitor the overall health of the induction motor with the all-parameter, settings of several parts in the machine are composed. The effectiveness of proposed system is verified by both in MATLAB/Simulink software and implementation of real-time hardware setup with a PIC microcontroller based 2.2 kW motor drive in manufacturing industry.

Automation is the most commonly spelled word in technology sector. The hunger for automation has brought many revolutions to current technologies. The planet is becoming more technologically advanced, industrial automation becoming more popular. This proposed system represents the detailed analysis of economic automation using Bluetooth module and PIC microcontroller. This paper is particularly focused on the implementation of a prototype system for industrial appliances a bit like the speed of the motor and to perform the ON/OFF function of the motor using Bluetooth technology.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a risk assessment system to prevent the occurrence of decubitus ulcers and to monitor the patient’s conditions via the Braden scale assessment tool. This ulcer is a type of wound that happens to bedridden people admitted for different diseases for an extended period. To prevent and alleviate the occurrence of decubitus or pressure ulcers, a system has been proposed consisting of a sheet embedded with various sensors like pressure sensor, temperature sensor, tactile sensing array, and moisture sensor interfaced with PIC microcontroller programmed using MPLAB. This sheet continuously monitors the activities of the patient through the aid of the Braden scale. The result indicates the patient’s pressure risk level calculated on basis of the Braden scale risk criteria and thereby updates it regularly to the hospital and the doctor's system through the display monitor and enables centralized control over the patient.

The main aim of this research work is to develop the prototype model for micro controller based air quality improvement system. The Safe while driving a vehicle is the demand every people makes, one of the safe features that can be delivered is good air to the cabin of the vehicle. Many cities face one of the biggest problems, The air pollution. The air needs to be free from pollutant particles and clean. So a system need to be developed to improve the air quality from various pollutants and a need to stay cool in the vehicle after parking in the sun and to sleep with the air conditioner in a vehicle without experiencing any difficulties in breathing. This system has the ability to remove some of the major pollutant in air that acts as the cause for the effects like intoxication and difficulty in breathing. To achieve these needs the electrical system is be used and the chemicals that help to remove the various pollutants are used too.

In this paper, the development of an autonomous system for the monitoring and supervision of the power line poles is presented. It is a new approach to the use of Industrial Internet of Things technologies in a practical and significant way in the system of smart control systems. The subject of research is the supervision and monitoring of the angle of slope and microclimate using Industrial Internet of Things technology and smart sensor nodes. The system is based on: a group of built-in sensors (environmental: BME280, BH1750, and ADXL345 3-axis accelerometer), a microcontroller with a peripheral interface (PIC) as a core of low levels of the system, a server system and a wireless Internet using the Global System of Mobile Telecommunications (GSM) module with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) as a communication protocol.

A microcontroller module with a PIC18 microcontroller has been designed and implemented. It contains all the components in addition to the microcontroller, necessary for its operation as a microprocessor core in embedded systems for real applications.The microcontroller module is the smaller size and different microcontroller compared to the widely used Arduino Uno. Sample algorithms and software has been designed to test the module within the microprocessor system for which it was primary intended in order to prove its correct operation.

The PIC microcontroller is responsible for the control of the object system. It takes input/output of data, selects and controls of peripheral IC, communication control of data and executes the program. It has flash program memory and EEPROM, so it can modify and extend the program. In addition, it has function of A/D conversion that coverts direct analog value into digital value and calculate data. Therefore, the PIC microprocessor chip having such functions is possible to simplify the existing complicated peripheral circuits to design the entire system easily. In this study, we design the AC power controller using PIC microcontroller and traic. Through the change of A/D value input directly to the microprecessor, the power controller was verified by experiment to control brightness of the incandescent lamp. As a result, it is confirmed that the AC power controller is well-controlled by phase control employing PIC microcontroller and traic.

The process to decrease the man power is called automation. It provides a simulation test in a microcontroller based system and embedded in weaving machine to monitor and control the design operation. Conventional mechanical methods are replaced by Power Loom Automation which is a forward step in industrial automation and mechatronics applications. In this article, a novel method to automate shuttled power looms is proposed. Power loom is a mechanized loom, mainly for the purpose of weaving in textile industries. It considerably reduces human labor and wastage. Hence it helps to ensure high quality cloth production, monitoring and measurement. It provides automatic warp and weft error detection and automatic weft replenishment. This module uses Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller PIC16F877A to provide necessary automation of the shuttled power looms, with immediate termination of its motor operation in case of any weft or warp errors. Also the amount of woven cloth is ultimately displayed in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). PIC microcontrollers are broadly utilized for industrial reason because of low power utilization, superior capacity and simple of accessibility of its supporting equipment and programming devices like compilers, debuggers and simulators. PIC microcontrollers are the universe smallest microcontrollers that can be customized to do an enormous scope of errands. PIC microcontrollers are predictable and defective of PIC rate is less. The presentation of the PIC microcontroller is quick a direct result of utilizing RISC design. When contrasting with other microcontrollers, power utilization is less and writing computer programs is additionally extremely simple. Interfacing of a simple gadget is simple with no additional hardware. They are solid and breaking down of PIC rate is less. Furthermore, execution of the PIC is exceptionally quick on account of utilizing RISC design. Power consumption is likewise extremely less when contrasted with other small scale controllers. At the point when we find in the software engineer perspective interfacing is simple, likewise we can associate simple gadgets legitimately with out any additional hardware and use them. Writing computer programs is likewise exceptionally simple when contrasted with different microcontrollers.

Water is one of the basic needs for the existence of the human, animal and plant lives on the earth. There will be a vast need for water all over the world soon. Due to many factors the water is being polluted in many ways. It is necessary to take utmost care of water for future generations. This paper presents a low cost framework design for monitoring of water quality. An IoT-based system to prevent water from getting spoil through environmental factors has been introduced. The water necessity, its dissemination and quality check by an embedded-based novel drew nearer approach is proposed. Water flow sensor, pH sensor, Ultra sonic sensor and PIC microcontroller were used for implementation to provide an accurate check on the availability and properties of water. This low cost real time water monitoring system can also do segregate availability of water for their external and internal uses.

This paper describes the development of a simple method to determine the permittivity and moisture content (m.c.) of ginger. The measurement system consists of a microwave sensor, directional coupler and a PIC microcontroller. The microwave sensor is a square flanged open-ended coaxial (OEC) sensor made from SMA stub contact panel with outer diameter (O.D) 4.10 mm. The microwave oven drying method was used to determine the actual m.c. of the ginger. All data acquisition, processing and display were accomplished using a PIC 16F690 microcontroller programmed using Flowcode software. The actual values of the permittivity of ginger were obtained by using the Agilent (now Keysight Technologies) 85070B dielectric probe along with a HP 8720B Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The results showed good relationships between m.c., permittivity (dielectric constant (eʹ) and loss factor (e)) and reflected voltage. The calibration equations between reflected voltage and m.c. have been established for the sensor. The measurement system provides a simple, fast and accurate technique to predict m.c., eʹ and e of ginger from reflected voltage measurements alone. The accuracy in determination of m.c., eʹ and e in ginger was within 2.9%, 2.7%, and 3.6%, respectively.

Two types of solar panels are currently in use. Fixed panels; where they are placed at a convenient angle depending on the geographical location with a fixed tilt angle. But irradiation time merely exceeds six hours/day. The second type is rotating panels, either by continuously tracking the sun or through a preprogrammed angle at preprogrammed time. Unfortunately, both schemes, continuous tracking or pre-programmed are inefficient. In the first one, motor running at a very low speed requires a high torque which requires high current, leading to more driving power. In the second scheme, the system rotates at predetermined small angles independently whether the new position contributes to extra energy or not. In fact, it may have the opposite effect where all the extracted energy could be consumed by the driving system. This paper presents a new technique where those two draw backs have been addressed. The design uses a microcontroller-based control mechanism to maximize solar energy extraction. This is done by the design of a tracking system known as the PILOT and cells rotating system known as PANEL. First the system is oriented towards the east waiting for sun to rise. When this happens, the PILOT keeps tracking the sun. This is done with the aid of a light to frequency converter (LTF) mounted on a miniature electric motor. This converter always lines the PILOT with the sun. Two identical light dependent resistors (LDR) are mounted, one on the PILOT and the other on the PANEL. After each positioning of the PILOT, a comparison process takes over. If the voltage induced by the PILOT LDR is greater than that induced by the PANEL LDR plus a preset offset, the PANEL aligns itself with the PILOT, otherwise, it stays at its current position, and waits for the PILOT to move to new position, and the process repeats itself. By doing so, the PANEL only moves to the new location when the latter produces higher energy. At the end of the day, after sun set, the system returns to its initial position and waits for the following day. Keywords: Solar cell, PANEL, PILOT, PIC microcontroller, LDR, LTF

The present paper describes the use of Digital Image Processing and Internet of Things for gestures recognition using depth sensors available on Kinect device. Using the open source libraries OpenCV and libfreenect, image data are translated and used for communicating Raspberry Pi embedded Linux system with PIC microcontroller board for peripheral devices controlling. A LED is triggered according to the hand gesture representing the corresponding number. Data are stored in a PHP Apache server running locally on Raspberry Pi. The proposed system can be used as a multifunctional tool in areas such as learning process, post-traumatic rehabilitation and visual and motor cognition time. Using image binarization and Naive-Bayes classifier, the achieved results show error lower than 5%.

The present paper describes the development and practical application of an embedded system that performs the online monitoring of sound noises in a library of an educational institution using Internet of Things. The main objective of the proposed project is to record sound levels in closed areas and to alert users when allowed limits were exceeded. Thus, it was used a set of cost-effective tools, like free software and low-cost technologies. Raspberry Pi, PIC microcontroller and a sound sensor module were applied in the first phase. In the second phase, only ESP8266 microcontroller with sound sensor were used. Results of these two implemented phases are discussed. It was observed that both developed embedded systems, which use Internet of Things concept, contributed satisfactorily offering a better space for concentration.

Due to the availability of complicated devices in industry, models for consumers at lower cost of resources are developed. Home Automation systems have been developed by several researchers. The limitations of home automation includes complexity in architecture, higher costs of the equipment, interface inflexibility. In this paper as we have proposed, the working protocol of PIC 16F72 technology is which is secure, cost efficient, flexible that leads to the development of efficient home automation systems. The system is operational to control various home appliances like fans, Bulbs, Tube light. The following paper describes about components used and working of all components connected. The home automation system makes use of Android app entitled “Home App” which gives flexibility and easy to use GUI.

The paper presents an automated system used for the temperature control of the fluid, using a heat exchanger heated by an electrical resistance. The fluid is re-circulated through the exchanger by a d.c. electro-pump. The control algorithm is an on-off type with hysteresis one and it is implemented with a PIC microcontroller and a relay as its actuator. The most important data is presented on a seven segments display. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used.