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There is a remarkable interest in the dental area about the effect produced by the acidic agents contained in commercial non-alcoholic drinks on dental enamel due to their ability to produce caries or erosive lesions. The objective was to characterize the morphological and the chemical alterations of the adamantine structure exposed to the action of a flavored water. Human dental crowns sectioned in the buccolingual direction were embedded in polymer. Flat and highly polished surfaces were obtained by wear with descending granulation sandpaper. Observations and chemical analyses were performed on radial enamel before and after exposure to the beverage, at the ESEM FEI QUANTA 200-EDS (SeMFi-LIMF. FI- UNLP). For the morphological description, the etching patterns of the enamel were considered. The chemical elements sodium, magnesium, chlorine, and the calcium/phosphorus ratio were studied. The samples were immersed in 100 ml of a flavored water for 12 minutes. At the ESEM, the prisms presented different patterns of acid etching, which may affect the core or the profile. The chemical composition showed variations according to the area, before and after the treatment. Although the studied elements were present in the healthy enamel, both in the radial and in the Hunter Schreger bands, the percentage values were different. In the bands, sodium and magnesium increased while chlorine decreased. After the action of the flavored water, sodium and magnesium increased even more and the chlorine dropped markedly. A significant difference was found in Ca/P ratio before and after treatment. The beverage used contains acid agents in its composition that produce loss of minerals from the adamantine tissue. We conclude that the exposure of tooth enamel to flavored water produces demineralization compatible with erosion lesions.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los factores que desencadenan las enfermedades hipertensivas en el embarazo a temprana edad. Metodología. Este estudio es de tipo correlacional ya que se relacionaran los factores predisponentes para la presencia de enfermedades hipertensivas en embarazadas menores de 20 años que busca relacionar cada factor con la clasificación de enfermedades hipertensivas. Resultados. De universo de 50 mujeres embarazadas, se obtuvo un total de 72% mujeres cuya ocupación es ama de casa, 24% estudiante, 4% empleada. El 0% sin estudios, 68% nivel básico, 32% nivel medio superior. El 44% conoce que es hipertensión arterial, y el 56% restante desconoce. Discusión. Según Viviana Sáez en su estudio la pre-eclampsia, la hipertensión arterial tuvo una incidencia de gran importancia puesto que el 68% de adolescentes embarazadas refirieron tener más de 3 signos y síntomas de HTA durante el desarrollo de su embarazo. Conclusión. Los factores que desencadenan las enfermedades hipertensivas en el embarazo son en primera instancia los antecedentes patológicos heredofamiliares, y los trastornos nutricionales previos al embarazo, tal como sobrepeso.

A monitoring study was carried out in two micro-catchments in the Reventazón basin, in Northern Cartago, Costa Rica; pesticide occurrence and water quality were analyzed. Twelve pesticides were detected, fve insecticides (chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and oxamyl), four fungicides (carbendazim, imazalil, metalaxyl, and thiabendazole), and three herbicides (diuron, linuron, and terbutryn); eight of them presented risk quotients RQ >1, which implies a high risk for the environment. The water quality evaluation included fourteen physicochemical and microbiological parameters, out of which thermotolerant coliforms, nitrate, and total phosphorus exceeded a selected threshold value in every sample. Five metals were also included in the evaluation, Pb was the most frequent, followed by few detections of Cd, Cu, and Cr. Four water quality indexes (WQIs) were applied, two of them, the CCME WQI, based on physicochemical parameters, and the BMWP-CR WQI, based on benthic macroinvertebrate recount adapted to Costa Rican species, categorized all the sampling points as “bad” and “very bad” quality. This work of monitoring is important in the Latin American region, where there is a lack of information for regulation improvement and management decisions. These results showed poor management of the micro-catchments in this agricultural rural area. Universidad de Costa Rica/[802-B5-400]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA)

Nitrogen and phosphorous loading drives eutrophication of aquatic systems. Lakes and reservoirs are often effective N and P sinks, but the variability of their biogeochemical dynamics is still poorly documented, particularly in tropical systems. To contribute to the extending of information on tropical reservoirs and to increase the insight on the factors affecting N and P cycling in aquatic ecosystems, we here report on a long-term N and P mass balance (2003–2018) in Valle de Bravo, Mexico, which showed that this tropical eutrophic reservoir lake acts as a net sink of N (−41.7 g N m y) and P (−2.7 g P m y), mainly occurring through net sedimentation, equivalent to 181% and 68% of their respective loading (23.0 g N m y and 4.2 g P m y). The N mass balance also showed that the Valle de Bravo reservoir has a high net N atmospheric influx (31.6 g N m y), which was 1.3 times the external load and likely dominated by N fixation. P flux was driven mainly by external load, while in the case of N, net fixation also contributed. During a period of high water level fluctuations, the net N atmospheric flux decreased by 50% compared to high level years. Our results outlining water regulation can be used as a useful management tool of water bodies, by decreasing anoxic conditions and net atmospheric fluxes, either through decreasing nitrogen fixation and/or promoting denitrification and other microbial processes that alleviate the N load. These findings also sustain the usefulness of long-term mass balances to assess biogeochemical dynamics and its variability., This research was funded by UNAM, PAPIIT-IN207702 and CONACYT-SEMARNAT, C01-1125 projects to M.M-I

Disfunción de barrera y síndrome de Guillain-Barré como exponentes del daño endotelial en la COVID-19.

Estrés oxidativo y epigenética en la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico y la percepción olfativa.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that typically affects people between 23 and 60 years old causing chronic synovial inflammation, symmetrical polyarthritis, destruction of large and small joints, and chronic disability. Clinical diagnosis of RA is stablished by current ACR-EULAR criteria, and it is crucial for starting conventional therapy in order to minimize damage progression. The 2010 ACR-EULAR criteria include the presence of swollen joints, elevated levels of rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), elevated acute phase reactant, and duration of symptoms. In this paper, a computer-aided system for helping in the RA diagnosis, based on quantitative and easy-to-acquire variables, is presented. The participants in this study were all female, grouped into two classes: class I, patients diagnosed with RA (n = 100), and class II corresponding to controls without RA (n = 100). The novel approach is constituted by the acquisition of thermal and RGB images, recording their hand grip strength or gripping force. The weight, height, and age were also obtained from all participants. The color layout descriptors (CLD) were obtained from each image for having a compact representation. After, a wrapper forward selection method in a range of classification algorithms included in WEKA was performed. In the feature selection process, variables such as hand images, grip force, and age were found relevant, whereas weight and height did not provide important information to the classification. Our system obtains an AUC ROC curve greater than 0.94 for both thermal and RGB images using the RandomForest classifier. Thirty-eight subjects were considered for an external test in order to evaluate and validate the model implementation. In this test, an accuracy of 94.7% was obtained using RGB images; the confusion matrix revealed our system provides a correct diagnosis for all participants and failed in only two of them (5.3%). Graphical abstract.

The influence of the screen size used to grind the main cereal of the diet on egg production, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and body measurements was studied in hens from 17 to 49 wk of age. Diets formed a 2 × 5 factorial with 2 main cereals (corn vs. barley) and 5 screen sizes of the cereal (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm). Each treatment was replicated 5 times. No interactions between main cereal and screen size were observed for any of the traits studied. Cereal type and screen size did not affect feed intake, egg production, BW gain, or quality traits of the eggs. Eggs tended to be larger (P = 0.092) in hens fed the barley diet than in hens fed the corn diet. Also, feed conversion ratio tended to increase (P = 0.081) when the cereal of the diet was ground with a 4-mm screen as compared with the average of the other diets. At 49 wk of age, the relative weight (% BW) of the GIT and gizzard was greater (P < 0.05) in hens fed barley than in hens fed corn. An increase in the screen size increased linearly the relative weight of the GIT (P = 0.089), gizzard (P < 0.01), and liver (P = 0.056). None of the other GIT traits or body measurements was affected by the main cereal or the screen size. In summary, barley can substitute up to 45% of the corn in diets for laying hens without any adverse effect on egg production. Therefore, the use of one or other cereal will depend on their relative cost. An increase in screen size improved gizzard development but had little effect on hen productivity. Within the range studied, the size of the screen used for grinding the cereal had little effect on hen productivity, although the use of a 4-mm screen might increase feed conversion ratio and gizzard development.

Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of infiltration in furrows is essential for the design and management of furrow irrigation systems. A key difficulty in quantifying the pro...

The effects of including soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soybean meal (SBM) of different origins in the diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs were studied in 2 experiments. In both experiments, pigs received in phase I (21–49 d of age) one of five diets that differed in the soy protein source used. Two diets were based on SPC from USA or Brazil (BRA) origin and the other three diets were based on SBM from USA, BRA or Argentina (ARG) origin. In phase II (49 to 57 d of age), all pigs received a common maize-SBM diet. Pre-planned orthogonal comparisons (SPC vs. SBM; USA vs. BRA SPC; and USA vs. BRA vs. ARG SBM) were conducted to detect differences among soy treatments. In experiment 1, growth performance was similar for piglets fed diets containing SPC than for piglets fed diets containing SBM. In phase I (P = 0.067) and cumulatively (P = 0.082), post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) was lower in pigs fed SPC than in pigs fed SBM. The inclusion of USA meal in the diet improved ADG (P

The influence of feed form and energy content of the rearing phase diets on hen productivity,gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and body measurements was studied in brown-egg layinghens fed diets differing in energy concentration from 17 to 46 wk of age. The experimentwas completely randomized with 12 treatments arranged as a (2 × 3) × 2 factorial with twofeed forms (mash vs. crumbles) and three AMEnconcentrations of the rearing phase diets(low, medium and high) and two AMEnconcentrations (11.10 vs. 11.52 MJ/kg) of the layingphase diets. The AMEnof the rearing phase diets differed in 0.42 MJ/kg in all three periods(1?5 wk, 5?10 wk and 10?17 wk of age). Hen productivity was determined from 17 to 46wk and GIT and body traits were measured at 46 wk of age. The characteristics of the rearingphase diets did not affect any of the production, GIT traits or body measurements studiedduring the laying phase, except body weight gain (BWG) from 17 to 46 wk of age that washigher (P < 0.01) in hens that were fed mash during the rearing phase than in hens thatwere fed crumbles. An increase in the energy content of the laying phase diet from 11.10to 11.52 MJ AMEn/kg reduced feed intake (P < 0.001) and improved feed conversion ratio(P < 0.001) from 17 to 46 wk and reduced gizzard contents (P < 0.01) at 46 wk of age butdid not affect any of the other production trait studied. The characteristics of the rearingand laying hen diets did not affect any of the GIT traits or body measurements at 46 wk ofage. Body weight of the hens was positively (P < 0.001) related with body length, body massindex, tarsus length and tarsus diameter at this age. The data indicate that neither feed formnor energy concentration of the rearing phase diets affected subsequent hen performance.An increase in the AMEncontent of the layer diet from 11.10 to 11.52 MJ/kg decreased feedintake and improved feed conversion ratio but did not affect hen production or egg quality.

This research studied the effects of additional fiber in the rearing phase diets on egg production, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits, and body measurements of brown egg-laying hens fed diets varying in energy concentration from 17 to 46 wk of age. The experiment was completely randomized with 10 treatments arranged as a 5 × 2 factorial with 5 rearing phase diets and 2 laying phase diets. During the rearing phase, treatments consisted of a control diet based on cereals and soybean meal and 4 additional diets with a combination of 2 fiber sources (cereal straw and sugar beet pulp, SBP) at 2 levels (2 and 4%). During the laying phase, diets differed in energy content (2,650 vs. 2,750 kcal AMEn/kg) but had the same amino acid content per unit of energy. The rearing diet did not affect any production trait except egg production that was lower in birds fed SBP than in birds fed straw (91.6 and 94.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). Laying hens fed the high energy diet had lower feed intake (P < 0.001), better feed conversion (P < 0.01), and greater BW gain (P < 0.05) than hens fed the low energy diet but egg production and egg weight were not affected. At 46 wk of age, none of the GIT traits was affected by previous dietary treatment. At this age, hen BW was positively related with body length (r = 0.500; P < 0.01), tarsus length (r = 0.758; P < 0.001), and body mass index (r = 0.762; P < 0.001) but no effects of type of diet on these traits were detected. In summary, the inclusion of up to 4% of a fiber source in the rearing diets did not affect GIT development of the hens but SBP reduced egg production. An increase in the energy content of the laying phase diet reduced ADFI and improved feed efficiency but did not affect any of the other traits studied.

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of inclusion of additional fiber in the Phase I diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in piglets reared under "optimal" or "poor" hygienic conditions. In both experiments, the design was completely randomized with a control diet that contained 2.2% crude fiber and 8 additional isonutritive diets that included 2.5 or 5.0% of sugar beet pulp (SBP), straw, oat hulls (OH), or wheat middlings (WHM). Preplanned polynomial contrasts were used to study the effects of 1) fiber inclusion (control diet vs. average of the 8 fiber-containing diets), 2) source of fiber, 3) level of fiber, and 4) interaction between source and level of fiber. In Exp. 1 (clean barn), fiber inclusion increased ( < 0.01) the incidence of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and reduced ( < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of all nutrients except that of CP, which was not affected. Piglet performance was not affected by source or level of dietary fiber. The ATTD of all nutrients decreased ( < 0.05) as the level of fiber increased and was lower in pigs fed straw or OH than in pigs fed SBP or WHM. The apparent ileal digestibility of GE and DM decreased ( < 0.05) with fiber inclusion, a reduction that was more pronounced ( < 0.05) with straw or SBP than with OH inclusion, with WHM inclusion being intermediate. Fiber inclusion did not affect villous height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum mucosa. The inclusion of 5% of a fiber source increased and counts in the cecum ( < 0.001) but the to ratio was not affected. In Exp. 2 (dirty barn), fiber inclusion did not affect piglet performance but tended to increase PWD ( = 0.07). Also, fiber inclusion reduced ( < 0.05) the ATTD of all dietary components except that of CP, which was not affected. Source and level of fiber did not affect ATTD of nutrients except for DM, which was greater for pigs fed SBP than for pigs fed straw ( < 0.05). In conclusion, in the current research, pigs reared under optimal hygienic conditions had lower incidence of PWD, better growth performance, and greater DM and GE digestibility than pigs reared under poor hygienic conditions. An excess of dietary fiber was more detrimental for all these traits in piglets reared under optimal hygienic conditions. The effects of the source and level of fiber on piglet performance was limited in the 2 experiments.

We studied the influence of particle size of the main cereal of the diet on preference behavior by laying hens. Diets formed a 2 × 5 factorial with 2 main cereals (corn vs. barley) and 5 grinding sizes of the cereal (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm screen). Each treatment was replicated 5 times (10 hens each). After a fasting period of 8 h, hens received their respective experimental diets from 06.00 to 14.00 hours. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) and the geometric standard deviation of the residuals in the feeder were determined every 2 hours. In addition, CP, ash, and Ca contents of the feeds were determined at the start and at the end of the experimental period. The experimental design was completely randomized with data analyzed as repeated measures with particle size and cereal as main effects. The GMD of the original feeds increased with increases in screen size and was greater for the barley than for the corn diets. The difference in GMD between the original diets and the residuals measured at 2 h intervals decreased as the experiment progressed (P < 0.001 for the interaction). Crude protein, ash, and Ca concentrated in the coarse fraction of the original diets and of the uneaten feed, an effect more pronounced for the minerals. Independent of the coarseness of the feed sieve, ash and Ca contents were higher in the uneaten feed at 14.00 h than in the original diets. Hens showed a clear preference for coarse particles irrespective of the concentration of CP, ash, or Ca in the different fractions of the diets. Data showed that birds under-consumed Ca during the morning, a period in which the requirements for mineral deposition are low. In summary, hens showed a significant preference for coarser particles, an effect that was more evident when the cereals were ground coarse. Hens, however, did not show any preference for consuming those feed fractions with greater CP, ash, or Ca contents.

T he effect of vermicompost, as part of the growth substrate, on the development of huizache (Acacia farnesiana) seedlings placed under a rustic shelter made from reeds was evaluated over a period of 240 days. Five vermicompost-sand mixtures with five ratios, namely 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 (% by volume), were assessed, and natural soil from the area where huizaches grow was used as the control. Seeds for producing the seedlings were obtained from the huizaches of the area. The treatments were replicated 30 times, and five seedlings were harvested from each one to determine plant height, main stem diameter, number of branches, and fresh and dry weight. The effect of the treatments was determined using a completely randomized experimental design and the averages were compared by the LSD 5 % test. Huitzache growth was not uniform in the different sub- strates; however, the 10:90 vermicompost-sand mixture had the best variable responses in terms of plant height and fresh and dry weight. Therefore, vermicompost at low concentration promoted the growth of A. farnesiana.

The influence of the screen size used to grind the main cereal of the diet on egg production, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and body measurements was studied in hens from 17 to 49 wk of age. Diets formed a 2 × 5 factorial with 2 main cereals (corn vs. barley) and 5 screen sizes of the cereal (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm). Each treatment was replicated 5 times. No interactions between main cereal and screen size were observed for any of the traits studied. Cereal type and screen size did not affect feed intake, egg production, BW gain, or quality traits of the eggs. Eggs tended to be larger (P = 0.092) in hens fed the barley diet than in hens fed the corn diet. Also, feed conversion ratio tended to increase (P = 0.081) when the cereal of the diet was ground with a 4-mm screen as compared with the average of the other diets. At 49 wk of age, the relative weight (% BW) of the GIT and gizzard was greater (P 0.05) in hens fed barley than in hens fed corn. An increase in the screen size increased linearly the relative weight of the GIT (P = 0.089), gizzard (P 0.01), and liver (P = 0.056). None of the other GIT traits or body measurements was affected by the main cereal or the screen size. In summary, barley can substitute up to 45% of the corn in diets for laying hens without any adverse effect on egg production. Therefore, the use of one or other cereal will depend on their relative cost. An increase in screen size improved gizzard development but had little effect on hen productivity. Within the range studied, the size of the screen used for grinding the cereal had little effect on hen productivity, although the use of a 4-mm screen might increase feed conversion ratio and gizzard development.

The effects of feeding concentrates with alternative ingredients to cereal and soybean meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of feedlot lambs were studied. A total of 105 non-castrated male lambs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (5 replicates per treatment): Control (CON, similar to commercial concentrates), Camelina (CAM, where camelina meal replaced 50% of the crude protein from the soybean meal in the CON concentrate), and Fibrous (FIB, concentrate without cereals and soybean meal, with camelina meal in addition to several by-products, and 20% less energy). The CAM treatment performed as well as the CON one. The FIB treatment increased feed conversion rate and tended to improve the redness and the oxidative stability. The CAM and FIB were economically more favourable. We found that a concentrate for feedlot lambs based on alternative ingredients, including several by-products, could be a feasible alternative to typical cereal-soybean meal-based concentrates.

Nowadays geothermal projects must face a challenging competition from variable renewable generation projects, such as PV and wind power plants, almost all over the world, and usually their biding offers cannot compete with traditional or alternative renewable energies. The efforts of this paper aim towards finding new approaches to assess geothermal energy in order to properly consider their unique technology advantages as well as a longer term for assessing the availability of this technology to strengthen the power systems. The technical feasibility of installing a geothermal-power plant is highly dependent on the availability of an adequate geothermal resource and energy market competitiveness against other technologies. In this work, the geothermal energy role is evaluated in order to achieve the decarbonisation of the Chilean Energy Matrix in different scenarios, including the complementary use of geothermal and CSP units.

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of inclusion of additional fiber in the Phase I diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in piglets reared under "optimal" or "poor" hygienic conditions. In both experiments, the design was completely randomized with a control diet that contained 2.2% crude fiber and 8 additional isonutritive diets that included 2.5 or 5.0% of sugar beet pulp (SBP), straw, oat hulls (OH), or wheat middlings (WHM). Preplanned polynomial contrasts were used to study the effects of 1) fiber inclusion (control diet vs. average of the 8 fiber-containing diets), 2) source of fiber, 3) level of fiber, and 4) interaction between source and level of fiber. In Exp. 1 (clean barn), fiber inclusion increased (0.01) the incidence of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and reduced (0.05) feed efficiency and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of all nutrients except that of CP, which was not affected. Piglet performance was not affected by source or level of dietary fiber. The ATTD of all nutrients decreased (0.05) as the level of fiber increased and was lower in pigs fed straw or OH than in pigs fed SBP or WHM. The apparent ileal digestibility of GE and DM decreased (0.05) with fiber inclusion, a reduction that was more pronounced (0.05) with straw or SBP than with OH inclusion, with WHM inclusion being intermediate. Fiber inclusion did not affect villous height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum mucosa. The inclusion of 5% of a fiber source increased and counts in the cecum (0.001) but the to ratio was not affected. In Exp. 2 (dirty barn), fiber inclusion did not affect piglet performance but tended to increase PWD ( = 0.07). Also, fiber inclusion reduced (0.05) the ATTD of all dietary components except that of CP, which was not affected. Source and level of fiber did not affect ATTD of nutrients except for DM, which was greater for pigs fed SBP than for pigs fed straw (0.05). In conclusion, in the current research, pigs reared under optimal hygienic conditions had lower incidence of PWD, better growth performance, and greater DM and GE digestibility than pigs reared under poor hygienic conditions. An excess of dietary fiber was more detrimental for all these traits in piglets reared under optimal hygienic conditions. The effects of the source and level of fiber on piglet performance was limited in the 2 experiments.

The effects of the main cereal and feed form of the rearing phase diets on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics, and body traits were studied in brown-egg pullets from hatch to 17 wk of age. Eight dietary treatments that were a combination of 2 main cereals (corn vs. wheat) and 4 feeding programs were used. The feeding program consisted in feeding crumbles from 0 to 5, 0 to 10, or 0 to 17 wk of age followed by mash until 17 wk, or feeding mash continuously from 0 to 17 wk. Each treatment was replicated 9 times. From hatch to 17 wk of age, pullets fed corn had similar ADG but poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.001) than pullets fed wheat. Also, pullets fed crumbles continuously (0 to 17 wk) had greater ADG (12.3 vs. 11.5 g; P < 0.001) and better FCR (4.21 vs. 4.36; P < 0.001) than pullets feed mash continuously, with pullets that were changed at any age of the rearing period from crumbles to mash feeding showing intermediate results. At 17 wk of age, the relative weights (% BW) of the gastrointestinal tract and gizzard were greater in pullets fed corn than in pullets fed wheat (P < 0.01) but the relative length (cm/kg full BW) of the small intestine, body, and tarsus was not affected. Pullets fed crumbles continuously had lighter gizzards (P < 0.001), higher gizzard pH (P < 0.001), and were shorter (P < 0.01) than pullets fed mash continuously, with pullets fed the other 2 treatments being intermediate. In summary, wheat can be used in substitution of corn in pullet diets without any adverse effect on growth performance. Feeding crumbles improves pullet performance but hinders gizzard and gastrointestinal tract development. Growth performance, gastrointestinal tract, and body traits of the pullets re-adapt quickly to changes in feed form of the rearing diets.

The influence of feed form and energy concentration of the diet on growth performance and the development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was studied in brown-egg laying pullets. Diets formed a 2 x 5 factorial with 2 feed forms (mash vs. crumbles) and 5 levels of energy differing in 50 kcal AMEn/kg. For the entire study (0 to 17 wk of age) feeding crumbles increased ADFI (52.9 vs. 49.7 g; P 0.05) by energy content of the diet. At 5, 10, and 17 wk of age, the relative weight (RW, % BW) of the GIT and the gizzard, and gizzard digesta content were lower (P

La anestesia y la cirugía causan un significativo impacto sobre el balance térmico corporal a causa de la alteración de los mecanismos de termorregulación normales y por la pérdida de calor causada durante la cirugía (exposición a un ambiente con bajas temperaturas en la sala de operaciones, soluciones frías de lavado intraoperatorias y de infusiones intravenosa). Numerosos estudios demostraron que la hipotermia perioperatoria aumenta la incidencia de efectos adversos para el paciente: mayor sangrado, deterioro de la calidad de recuperación postoperatoria, mayores tiempos de permanencia en unidad de recuperación postanestésica. También se demostró una mayor incidencia de complicaciones a largo plazo: infección de las heridas quirúrgicas, hospitalización prolongada, isquemia miocárdica, arritmias cardíacas. Este aumento de las complicaciones tiene consecuencias económicas para el sistema de salud y también, posiblemente, sociales al retardar el reintegro de los pacientes a su medio familiar y laboral. El aumento de la temperatura del ambiente, calentamiento de fluidos intravenosos y el calentamiento cutáneo activo son medidas necesarias durante el intraoperatorio para evitar la hipotermia. En esta revisión no sistemática el objetivo es exponer las características y eficacia de los métodos de monitorización y de calentamiento intraoperatorio, resumir los mecanismos.

IntroductionPerampanel (PER) is a new selective, non-competitive AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist. PER is generally well tolerated, with dizziness, somnolence, headache, and fatigue as the most common treatment-emergent adverse events, however neuropsychiatric adverse reactions; particularly irritability and aggressiveness can be expected.ObjectiveWe describe a patient who developed and acute confusional state presumably related to treatment with PER.AimsAt the conclusion, the participants should be able to remember that PER is associated with psychiatric side effects.MethodsCollect the data of the clinical history of the patient, who was admitted in the acute psychiatry ward of our hospital.ResultsA 32-year-old woman diagnosed with pharmacoresistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, was referred to the emergency department because of severe behavioral disturbances, insomnia, irritability and aggressivity after increasing the dose of PER from 6 to 12 mg. Physical exploration, drug screen and blood tests were all normal. No abnormalities were found in CT, EEG and MRI, and then she was referred to psychiatric ward. At her admission, she presented fluctuations of her mental state and level of consciousness. She was diagnosed with acute confusional syndrome induced by PER, and consequently PER was stopped and risperidone was initiated. In the 4th week symptomatology remitted.ConclusionAnti-epileptic drug's (AEDs) are associated with psychiatric side effects. Patients with epilepsy have higher risk develop psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances. There is evidence to suggest that AMPA receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric conditions. Such mechanisms could be responsible of the psychiatric symptoms observed. Neuropsychological profiles of AEDs are important considerations for treatment selection, particularly in children and adolescents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

We describe here the occurrence of bla VIM-2 in 10 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas monteilii strains isolated from different clinical samples from patients at the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla in northern Spain. All the bla VIM-2 -harboring P. monteilii isolates possessed a class 1 integron, with the cassette array [ intI1 _ bla VIM-2 _ aac(6′)-Ib_qacEΔ1 _ sul1 ]. Our results show the emergence of VIM-2-producing multidrug-resistant species other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas putida in a Spanish hospital. P. monteilii , although sporadically isolated, should also be considered an important metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) reservoir.

Testis germ cell tumor is the most frequent cancer in men between 15 and 35 years old. The therapeutic results of radical orchiectomy and chemotherapy reaches 90% free disease survival al the present time. This great chemosensibility is opening new doors to alternative therapeutic options, directed to preserve the sufficient amount of tissue to avoid the problems derived from testicular insufficiency. Such alternatives are clearly beneficial in bilateral germinal tumors or in solitary testis. In this article we describe a case of seminoma developed in a solitary functional testis managed in a conservative approach: organ preserving surgery and surveillance. We analyzed the indications and international results of such approach based on the best evidences now available.

The effects of inclusion in the diet of different sources of soya bean meal (SBM) on growth performance, total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of major dietary components and mucosal ileum morphology were studied in Iberian pigs weaned at 30 days of age. From 30 to 51 days of age (phase I), there was a control diet based on regular soya bean meal (R-SBM; 44% CP) of Argentina (ARG) origin and five extra diets in which a high-protein soya bean meal (HP-SBM; 49% CP) of the USA or ARG origin, either ground (990 μm) or micronized (60 μm), or a soya protein concentrate (SPC; 65% CP) substituted the R-SBM. From 51 to 61 days of age (phase II), all pigs were fed a common commercial diet in mash form. The following pre-planned orthogonal contrasts were conducted: (1) R-SBM v. all the other diets, (2) SPC v. all the HP-SBM diets, (3) micronized HP-SBM v. ground HP-SBM, (4) HP-SBM of ARG origin v. HP-SBM of US origin and (5) interaction between source and the degree of grinding of the HP-SBM. Dietary treatment did not affect growth performance of the pigs at any age but from 30 to 51 days of age, post weaning diarrhoea (PWD) was higher (P

Varicella (chickenpox) can cause serious complications and admission to hospital. Several countries included the varicella vaccine in their immunization schedules.A descriptive and retrospective study of hospitalizations due to varicella and its complications was conducted in a referral center from 2005 to 2011.A total of 1192 children with varicella were seen in the emergency room, of which 99 (8.5%) required admission. The annual incidence of admissions due to varicella and varicella complications was, 19.4 and 15.3 cases per 100,000 children under 14 years, respectively. Complications were more common in children under 5 years (79.5%), and with no underlying disease (78.2%). Infection of skin and soft tissue was the most common complication (62%). The mean hospital stay was 4.5 days (SD 4).Varicella causes high morbidity, and is more frequent in absolute terms in healthy children under 5 years of age. Therefore, routine vaccination recommended by the Immunization Advisory Committee should be mandatory.

Cerium modified Pt nanoparticles catalysts have been prepared using Ce(III)-ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chemistry with an impregnation method of 30%Pt/Carbon Vulcan XC-72. EDTA was used as a chelating agent to form a Ce(III) complex to achieve good dispersion of ceria on Pt/C while maintaining +3 oxidation state. Different compositions of Ce(III) with Pt/C have been examined to optimize the catalyst material. The methanol and ethanol oxidation studies were performed using the GC electrode previously modified with Vulcan-Pt and Vulcan-Pt-Ce(III). The catalytic activity toward methanol and ethanol oxidation for the different electrodes was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry with a 1.0 M CH3OH solution in 0.5 M H2SO4 and, for ethanol, a 1.0 M C2H5OH solution in 0.5 M H2SO4. The catalyst samples were characterized by using the characterization technique of X-ray diffraction. It has been found that the catalytic activity of Ce(III)/30wt%Pt/C exhibited better activities than 30wt%Pt/C in direct methanol fuel cell and direct ethanol fuel cell. A Vulcan-Pt-Ce(III) doped catalyst was prepared by a simple and cheap impregnation method using EDTA as chelating agent. The preparation method will allow the mass production of the material catalysts without additional significant cost.

The extramedular hematopoyesis is the result of the bown marrow sever chronical hipofunction, being the genitourinary afection very unusual. We are presenting a singular case by its own clinicopathology consecuences and exceptional incidence in context of a upper tract urothelial tumor.

Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of a fast track diagnosis and treatment program for colorectal cancer (CRC) in reducing the diagnosis to treatment interval (DTI) and tumor stage. To analyze the association between DTI and tumor stage. Methods: a quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted, and 156 incident cases of CRC referred through a preferential pathway between July 2005 and December 2008 in a tertiary hospital were included, after excluding those treated urgently, treated by endoscopic polypectomy only or having periodic colonoscopies. A control group of 156 patients was randomly selected from all the patients referred through habitual pathways, frequency matched by tumor location, age and year of entry. Data was analyzed with multivariate linear and logistic regression. Results: mean DTI was 39.20 days (95% CI: 36.21-42.42) for fast track patients and 63.40 days (95% CI: 57.08-70.41) for controls (p < 0.001), and this difference persisted after multivariate analysis. The odds of having a DTI longer than 30 days was 4.79 (95% CI: 2.19-10.51) higher for controls. There were no significant differences in tumor stage according to the pathway followed. Independently of the track followed, a DTI longer than 30 days was associated with advanced tumor stages for colon cancer, while it was associated with low stages for rectal cancer. Conclusions: the PDTR strategy is effective in reducing DTI and may reduce patients’ and relatives’ anxiety. However, it is far from reaching the DTI recommended. The achieved reduction of the delay has no impact on tumor stage.

Sin lugar a dudas la crisis energética de finales de 2009 e inicios de 2010, a más del costo que representó para el Estado ecuatoriano, ha sentado un claro precedente sobre la vulnerabilidad del sector eléctrico ante las incertidumbres presentes tanto en la severidad como en la duración de los períodos de estiaje. Generalmente, las incertidumbres presentes en la predicción de caudales son sistemáticamente consideradas a través de una modelación probabilista-estocástica. No obstante, en la actualidad, nuevas incertidumbres hasta hoy omitidas, tales como los efectos del cambio climático, conducirían a desaciertos significativos en los pronósticos de los caudales. Bajo estas condiciones, la técnica de robustez -basada en probabilidades de excedencia-, utilizada para la toma de decisiones de inversión en generación, no garantiza adaptación entre oferta y demanda, ya que asume que la intensidad y duración futuras de los estiajes, así como de la estación lluviosa obedecerán a un comportamiento histórico y por tanto no evolucionarán en el tiempo. Al ser un fenómeno global, el Ecuador difícilmente escapará las consecuencias del cambio climático, de ahí que, en este trabajo, se demostrará que tanto las hipótesis de estacionalidad (períodos lluviosos y estiajes) así como de evolución estática-estadística de los caudales en el tiempo -generalmente asumidas para estudios de planificación de la expansión de la generación- pudieran ser causales de la ineficacia en los pronósticos.

Resumen Los tumores renales neuroendocrinos son de presentacion extremadamente rara. Presentamos un caso clinico y revisamos la literatura sobre esta patologia

Trigonocervicotomy is a barely invasive technique for the treatment of infravesical obstruction, first introduced in the 60’s by Turner-Warkic and Orandi. To achieve good results with this procedure, the selection criteria must take into account a series of parameters such as age, sexual activity, PSA, prostate weight (below 30 grams) and others. In addition to its low morbidity, a larger percentage of patients preserve ejaculation than with the use of other techniques, also the neck sclerosis rate being lower as seen in all our series and expertise. The efficacy of this technique was studied on 100 patients.

Compilación de los trabajos desarrollados,destacando los antecedentes internacionales del LVL, su caracterización ffsica y mecánica, un estudio de prefactibilidad de una planta Laminated Veneer Lumber en Chile y el comportamiento del producto frente a revestimientos y fuego.

The present work is about preparation and characterization of RF sputtered Cu films on cotton by the usage of a Magnetron Sputter Source and 99.995% purity Cu target at room temperature. Cotton fabric samples of 1, 2 and 4 min of sputtering time at discharge pressure of 1×10−2 Torr and distance between target and sample of 8 cm were used. The main goal was to qualitatively test the antimicrobial action of copper on fabrics. For that purpose, a reference strain of Escherichia Coli ATCC 35218 that were grown in TSA plates was implemented. Results indicated a decrease in the growth of bacteria by contact with Cu; for fabric samples with longer sputtering presented lower development of E. coli colonies. The scope of this research focused on using these new textiles in health field, for example socks can be made with this textile for the treatment of athlete's foot and the use in pajamas, sheets, pillow covers and robes in hospital setting for reducing the spread of microorganisms.

To describe the use of statistical methods employed in original articles published in Actas Urológicas Españolas as the first step to quantify the accessability for the readers.Observational, retrospective, descriptive and transversal study to analize all the original articles published in Actas Urológicas Españolas during the year 2000. Once the anectotic cases were excluded, 55 original studies were selected. In each article it was minuciously reviewed the methods and results sections, tables and figures included, to identify the statistical analysis used and to classify them into 18 categories with three accessability levels as Emerson and Colditz and Mora y cols, previously reported: descriptive statistics, bivariables analysis and complex analysis. A randomized sample of the originals were reviewed again by the same investigator three months later to evaluate the criteria liability. The accessability was defined as a) article dependent (rate of originals that readers with different statistical knowledge are able to understand) and b) analysis dependent (rate of statistical methods respect to the total performed overall the articles that readers are able to understand).Our major findings are that the more frequently used technics are descriptive analysis (39.3%), bivariable tables (12.1%), survival analysis (10%), t Student and z tests (6%), and nonparametric tests (8.6%). The accessability for a reader which statistical konowledge includes bivariable methods is 63.6% (IC 95% 49%-76%) and 79% (IC 95% 71%-85), article and analysis dependent respectively, rates that are similar to the reported for biomedical journals in our country.A great percentage of original articles in Actas Urológicas Españolas includes complex analysis. It could be good that readers were able to increase our statistical and methodological knowledge to perform a critical approach to our publication.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of migraine and its implications in the occupational and outside employment/daily activities of the workers at a regional hospital in the Cundiboyacense Plateau in Colombia.The available members of the house staff at this institution were interviewed by applying the neuroepidemiological protocol drawn up by the World Health Organization (WHO); general doctors performed the initial screening and the determination of neurological disease was carried out by a clinical neurologist, both in patients who were positive and negative for neurological disease. Quality of life was evaluated by means of the MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment) survey, MIDASELA (in Spanish for Latin America); the analysis was performed using the EPI 6.04 software application.A total of 238 people were studied: 188 females and 50 males; the prevalence of migraine was 22.5% (15.5% by the WHO protocol and 7% false negatives), with predominance in females (OR: 5.49; p0.005). In the MIDASELA questionnaire, 47.2% of the patients had a 50% alteration in their productivity, with regard to their occupational and outside employment/daily activities. A minimum number of patients (3.8%) were unable to work because of migraine, as compared to the figures for outside employment/daily activities (29.7%) or those involving leisure/family (66.4%). The average work, outside employment/daily and family time lost per patient because of migraine was 0.3, 2 and 5.2 days, respectively.A sub register in the prevalence of migraine could be reported in places where the WHO protocol is used. This pathology will have to be taken well into account in Colombian hospital workers due to its individual, occupational, family, social and economic impact. It is necessary to introduce health policies and programmes aimed at evaluating, controlling and treating this type of pathology in an appropriate manner, in order to improve the quality of life of those whose job it is to look after and improve that of the other Colombians.

Resumen Objetivos Descripcion de los tipos de analisis estadisticos realizados en los trabajos de la Seccion “Originales” de Actas Urologicas Espanolas, cuantificando la accesibilidad estadistica para el lector. Material y Metodo Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal, analizando todos los Originales de Actas Urologicas Espanolas publicados consecutivamente durante el ano 2000 (muestreo aleatorio de conveniencia). Se excluyeron revisiones de casos anecdoticos, recogiendose 55 originales. Fueron estudiadas detalladamente las secciones de Material y Metodo y Resultados, identificando los analisis efectuados para clasificarlos en 18 categorias jerarquicas con tres niveles de accesibilidad (Emerson-Colditz): estadistica descriptiva, analisis bivariables y analisis complejos incluidos los multivariables. La concordancia intraobservador (fiabilidad de los criterios) fue evaluada mediante una nueva revision de una muestra aleatoria de los originales seleccionados. La accesibilidad se definio a) articulo dependiente (proporcion de articulos accesibles para lectores con diferentes niveles de conocimiento estadistico) y b) analisis dependiente (proporcion del total de tecnicas estadisticas realizadas en todos los originales y que son accesibles a dichos lectores). Resultados Categorias mas frecuentes: estadistica descriptiva (39,3%), tablas bivariables (12,1%), analisis de supervivencia (10%), test t de Student y pruebas z (8,6%) y tests no parametricos (8,6%). Globalmente, el 78,6% de los analisis estadisticos y el 63,6% de los articulos fueron accesibles para un lector con conocimientos basicos (analisis bivariables), cifras similares a las de otras revistas biomedicas. Conclusiones Un porcentaje considerable de los articulos originales de Actas Urologicas Espanolas incorpora actualmente analisis complejos en su desarrollo. Parece asi aconsejable que los lectores profundicemos en nuestros conocimientos estadisticos.

La presente publicación fue generada en el marco del proyecto FDI/CORFO-INFOR: "Nuevos productos y mercados que permitan la incorporación del Pino oregón al sistema productivo nacional". La información contenida se desprende de varios estudios tecnológicos desarrollados a escala de laboratorio e industrial, contemplando experiencias de secado, trabajabilidad, encolabilidad, revestimientos superficiales, reacción al fuego, confección de tableros OSB y vigas laminadas