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Unlike their cuprate counterparts, the undoped nickelates are weak insulators without long-range antiferromagnetic order. Identifying the origin of this insulating behavior, found on both sides of the superconducting dome, is potentially a crucial step in the development of a coherent understanding of nickelate superconductivity. In this work, we study the normal-state resistivity of infinite-layer nickelates using high magnetic fields to suppress the superconductivity and examine the impact of disorder and doping on its overall temperature (T) dependence. In superconducting samples, the resistivity of Nd- and La-based nickelates continues to exhibit weakly insulating behavior with a magnitude and functional form similar to that found in underdoped electron-doped cuprates. We find a systematic evolution of the insulating behavior as a function of nominal hole doping across different rare-earth families, suggesting a pivotal role for strong electron interactions, and uncover a correlation between the suppression of the resistivity upturn and the robustness of the superconductivity. By contrast, we find very little correlation between the level of disorder and the magnitude and onset temperature of the resistivity upturn. Combining these experimental observations with previous Hall effect measurements on these two nickelate families, we consider various possible origins for this correlated insulator behavior and its evolution across their respective phase diagrams.

We propose an efficient process to produce carbonized solid fuel through carbonization of woody biomass and a subsequent process of tar recovery with the produced char itself. The experiments of carbonization and tar recovery were performed using biomass sample of Japanese cypress. A rectangular piece of biomass was placed in quartz tube which was vertically installed in the tube furnace. The char particles for tar recovery, which were produced from another piece of biomass in advance, were packed in the glass tube above the biomass sample. The biomass was carbonized at 500 °C in the nitrogen gas flow. After the experiment, the char particles for tar recovery adsorbed tar of about 30 % of a mass of the biomass sample while the char yield was about only 20 %. The results indicated the mass yield of the char containing tar could reach 50 %. From the result of calorimetric measurement, the energy yield of the char containing tar was estimated to be over 70 % to the original biomass sample. In addition, the density of the char containing tar increased up to 1.5 g/cm3 by compression molding, leading to a volumetric energy density comparable to that of coal., Proceedings of the 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 6-9 June 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 1256-1258

Background and Objective Although pulsed dye laser has been successfully used in the treatment of portwine stains, a number of patients had incomplete clearance because the depth of penetration by the pulsed dye laser was inadequate. This study was performed to establish the greater penetration depth of vascular injury using a dye-enhanced laser technique. Study Design/Materials and Methods The ruby laser at 694.3 nm was used, and the corresponding specific dye was Prussian blue solution (maximum absorbance 694 nm). We compared the penetration depth of vascular injury by the ruby laser irradiation after the Prussian blue injection with that by the dye laser irradiation. A flashlamp dye laser with a pulse duration of 300 μsec and a 5 mm diameter spot size was used to 6.2 J/cm2 at 590 nm. The Prussian blue solution was injected into the superficial epigastric artery of white male Japanese rabbits, immediately followed by the ruby laser exposure to 6.2 J/cm2 at a pulse duration of 283 μsec in a 15 × 15mm spotsize. Depth of penetration was measured from the dermoepidermal junction to the deepest site of vascular injury at 24 hours after laser exposure. Results Mean penetration of 590 nm of the dye laser light was 1.45 mm; mean penetration of the 694.3 nm ruby laser irradiation after the Prussian blue injection was 2.33 mm. Ruby laser penetration was greater than that of the dye laser. Conclusion This study emphasizes that the ruby laser irradiation after the Prussian blue injection can induce deeper vascular injury than the dye laser inducing similar pathological changes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(001)-epitaxial SrTiO3 films were grown on (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O-3 substrates for investigating the impact of biaxial strain on the antiferrodistortive (AFD) structural phase transition in SrTiO3. The films were fully constrained by the substrates, which resulted in the large in-plane compressive strain of -0.9%. The AFD transition temperature estimated using temperature controlled x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope was over 150K higher than the theoretical prediction, but rather supported the experimental results reported on SrTiO3 films on LaAlO3 substrates.