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This is a registration for a Scoping Review Titled: Profiling Paramedic physical tasks, injuries, and fitness: A Scoping review.

Doxycycline is one of the most frequently recommended and used antibiotics for the prevention of malaria in travellers to malaria endemic areas. It is considered a standard chemoprophylaxis by many international health guidelines. Despite its efficacy in malaria prevention, doxycycline is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and phototoxicity and may result in long term GI disturbances (1). Among travellers, doxycycline is known to affect individual microbiota (2) and may result in decline in gastric pH causing nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. Long term administration of doxycycline is one of the most common strategies for malarial chemoprophylactics for security and defence force personnel deployed overseas in addition to treatment for tropical infections (2). Among this population, it has not been established if doxycycline prophylaxis during deployment is associated with chronic and development of long-term gastrointestinal problems. We conducted this review to examine any association between doxycycline chemoprophylaxis and the development of chronic GI problems.

A protocol for a scoping review which will examine existing literature describing the influence of peers on firefighters' occupational dietary behaviours, including food choice, eating behaviours, and dietary intake.

The aim of this review is to identify what are the factors that increase the risk of external burns in occupational settings.

A body worn load is any type of weighted vest or backpack that presents an external load on the body. Tactical personnel, such as those in the military, are regularly expected to perform physical tasks while carrying external loads in the form of body armour and supplies. These body worn loads often exceed 20kg, commonly resulting in decreased physical performance and injury. The purpose of this review is to search the current literature for studies which explore the efficacy of strength and conditioning training with loaded clothing or devices in its ability to optimize physical performance.

Compression garments were initially developed with clinical applications in medical fields, however more recently their use in sporting sectors has increased in popularity. Research has primarily focussed on the utility of compression garments to accelerate physiological recovery, and its impacts on performance. Compression garments also provide pressure at the body’s surface; therefore, potentially contributing to increased proprioceptive feedback and/or stabilisation of joint angles during movement tasks (MacRae et al., 2011). Previous evidence has shown the use of compression shorts also increases skin temperature under the garment, and this can be advantageous for the muscle, by reducing warm-up time and the likelihood of injury (Doan et al., 2003; Duffield & Portus, 2007). Therefore, although there is widespread acceptance of the use of compression garments across athletic and recreational populations, the evidence behind its effectiveness on injury prevention remains uncertain (Zamporri & Aguinaldo, 2018). This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of wearing compression garments on mitigating injury occurrences and/or potential mechanisms relating to injury.

This is a protocol for a systematic review

Compression garments were initially developed with clinical applications in medical fields, however more recently their use in sporting sectors has increased in popularity. Research has primarily focussed on the utility of compression garments to accelerate physiological recovery, and therefore restoration of baseline performance levels. However, evidence is less clear on whether wearing compression can lead to direct increases in physical performance during exercise or sporting tasks. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to investigate the performance enhancement effects of wearing compression garments during exercise or sporting tasks in trained individuals.

Individual studies in the past have looked at the physiological cost of occupational load carriage in varying occupations and professions. However, no systematic reviews have been done looking at the metabolic effects of load carriage throughout the tactical populations. Most studies have looked at tactical load carriage effect on the performance of a certain task. However, this current study will delve into the underpinnings of the occupational load carriage and highlight the importance of the metabolic requirements in the loads. Furthermore, this review can help stakeholders understand how tactical load carriage influences servicemen and women when performing their roles of active duty. The aim of this review is to search the literature for that amalgamate physiological aspects such as heart rate, respiratory rate, VO2 max and energy expenditure in tactical populations while carrying load.

Systematic review protocol. The review will aim to systematically identify and synthesise available literature to identify factors that can potentially affect rifle marksmanship in military personnel.

Police officers perform a wide variety of tasks throughout their career each with different physical requirements. Special weapons and tactics (SWAT) officers and other specialist police forces are subject to much higher risk, high stress and higher physically demanding jobs. The aim of this review is to search the literature for studies which report on these increased physical requirements of job tasks within the SWAT population.

Systematic review protocol. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesise available literature surrounding situational characteristics of officer-involved shootings.

Tactical personnel are exposed to training and work environments that are physically demanding and require high levels of physical performance to perform the job successfully. The rigorous nature of the profession exposes individuals to multiple stressors that can have a negative impact on performance characteristics that are critical to the duties they must carry out. As a result of exposure to these stressors, critical biological and cognitive functions, important for operator performance, are significantly reduced. Even the smallest performance decrement could potentially be life threatening to the individual and others around them. Therefore, the aim of this review is to capture and critically appraise research investigating physiological stressors faced by tactical personnel in an operational environment and identify key outcome measures.

The aim of this review is to identify factors that increase the risk of workers developing joint instability in occupational settings.

This protocol is an amendment to the previous version registered on the 30th of April 2021. This systematic review aims to identify factors that affect the risk of workers sustaining a tinea infection in occupational settings and the incidence, prevalence, or likelihood of the condition occurring in particular occupational groups.

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of external bruise in physically demanding occupations.

This is the final protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of femoroacetabular impingement in occupational settings. The original protocol (registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/542AC) was submitted under the same title: Factors that increase the risk of developing femoroacetabular impingement in occupational settings. Amendments to the original are outlined in the document attached.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of shin splints in occupational settings

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that affect the risk of workers sustaining Achilles tendinopathy and bursitis in occupational settings and the incidence, prevalence, or likelihood of the condition occurring in particular occupational groups.

Emergency services (ES) specifically firefighters and paramedics, have to maintain high levels of cognitive and physical alertness while being in a fatigued state when performing critical tasks intermittently throughout their careers. Given this intensive occupational requirement, these workers are prone to a high injury rate, with fatigue thought to be a major contributing factor. Despite this, while much work has been done in the military content, minimal research has been conducted in this population, with minimal exploration of the effects of fatigue on both occupational performance and injury risk within ESW. It is therefore unclear the extent of the relationship between fatigue and injury risk, and subsequently, guidelines regarding fatigue management are lacking. Likewise, the difference of physical fatigue versus cognitive fatigue in this population is uncertain, whether they are mutually exclusive or intimately related, and effect performance and injury risk in the same way is yet to be determined.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of acute meniscal tears in occupational settings

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of developing spondylosis in occupational settings.

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of cut, stab, abrasion, and laceration in military personnel.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of intervertebral disc prolapse in occupational settings

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of labral tears in occupational settings

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that affect the risk of workers sustaining plantar fasciitis in occupational settings and the incidence, prevalence, or likelihood of the condition occurring in particular occupational groups.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of dislocation in occupational settings

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk gunshot injury in military personnel.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of internal derangement of the knee in occupational settings

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of iliotibial band syndrome in occupational settings

This systematic review intends to explore the impact of stress and burnout in pre-registration physiotherapy students, and the coping strategies employed by these students.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of fractures in occupational settings

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of tinnitus in occupational settings.

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of explosive blast injury in military personnel.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of patellar femoral and patellar tendon pathologies in occupational settings

The aim of this project is to systematically review published articles on the impact of occupational footwear on occupational task performance and risk of musculoskeletal injury.

This is a protocol of a systematic review that aims to determine the impact of implementing a physical conditioning program prior to tactical initial training on recruit initial training success.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of femoroacetabular impingement in occupational settings

Trochanteric bursitis is a musculoskeletal condition caused by inflammation or swelling of the bursae around the greater trochanter. This condition can be a result of repetitive movements (e.g., running) causing microtraumas, blunt trauma, or tendinopathy of neighbouring musculature, resulting in lateral hip pain. Gluteal tendinopathy is a condition which involves the inflammation, degeneration or tears of the gluteus medius or minimus tendons or muscles at or near their insertion into the greater trochanter which also presents as pain and tenderness on the latest aspect of the hip. It is this insertional tendinopathy which may now be considered as the primary underlying cause of lateral hip pain. The precise aetiology of this condition remains unclear; however, it is likely compression of the gluteal tendons in hip adduction may lead to the development of tendon degeneration. The aim of this review is to identify factors that increase the risk of workers developing trochanteric bursitis and gluteal tendinopathy in occupational settings.

Law enforcement (LE) training in the United States (US) typically begins with academy training. Across the 50 US States, there is no federal or unifying standard for the training delivered across 600 plus state and local academies regarding applicant physical ability assessment, academy recruit or trainee physical ability assessment upon training commencement or exit, academy physical training modality, or academy injury identification or tracking. The aim of this review is to identify studies and factors that identify academy recruit fitness, training modalities, injuries and their potential inter-relationships.

This is a protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of rotator cuff syndrome development in occupational settings.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of tinnitus in occupational settings.

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of sensorineural hearing loss in occupational settings

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of sprains and strains in occupational settings

This is a protocol for a systematic review aiming to identify factors that increase the risk of acute meniscal tears in occupational settings

Fundamental understanding of helium behaviour in plutonium (Pu) oxides is required for safe and secure storage applications. Radiogenic helium is generated from the alpha decay of Pu nuclei and will accumulate over time, which could be a contributing factor to storage can pressurisation. Atomistic simulations, using interatomic potentials were performed to model helium incorporation in bulk PuO2. A Buckingham potential was employed to model the interaction of helium with PuO2. In the defect-free PuO2 lattice the octahedral interstitial site was calculated to be the most energetically favourable site. When defects were present, the plutonium vacancy had a negative incorporation energy, indicating it may act as a trap for helium atoms. Helium clustering around plutonium vacancies and Schottky trios was observed

Fundamental understanding of helium behaviour in plutonium (Pu) oxides is required for safe and secure storage applications. Radiogenic helium is generated from the alpha decay of Pu nuclei and will accumulate over time, which could be a contributing factor to storage can pressurisation. Atomistic simulations, using interatomic potentials were performed to model helium incorporation in bulk PuO2. A Buckingham potential was employed to model the interaction of helium with PuO2. In the defect-free PuO2 lattice the octahedral interstitial site was calculated to be the most energetically favourable site. When defects were present, the plutonium vacancy had a negative incorporation energy, indicating it may act as a trap for helium atoms. Helium clustering around plutonium vacancies and Schottky trios was observed

Additional file 3: Table S3. Prognostic accuracy profiles for models created from both courses combined, with cut scores determined by probabilities of the outcome associated with maximum Youden index values.

Additional file 1. Inter-group comparison of demographic related and descriptive results.