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Inadequate infection control, wound care, and oral hygiene protocols in nursing homes provide challenges to residents’ quality of life. Based on the outcomes from a focus group meeting and a literature search, this narrative review evaluates the current and potential roles of antiseptics within nursing home infection management procedures. We examine contemporary strategies and concerns within the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; including decolonization regimes), chronic wound care, and oral hygiene, and review the available data for the use of antiseptics, with a focus on povidone-iodine. Compared with chlorhexidine, polyhexanide, and silver, povidone-iodine has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with rapid and potent activity against MRSA and other microbes found in chronic wounds, including biofilms. As no reports of bacterial resistance or cross-resistance following exposure to povidone-iodine exist, it may be preferable for MRSA decolonization compared with mupirocin and chlorhexidine, which can cause resistant MRSA strains. Povidone-iodine oral products have greater efficacy against oral pathogens compared with other antiseptics such as chlorhexidine mouthwash, highlighting the clinical benefit of povidone-iodine in oral care. Additionally, povidone-iodine-based products, including mouthwash, have demonstrated rapid in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may help reduce its transmission if incorporated into nursing home coronavirus 2019 control protocols. Importantly, povidone-iodine activity is not adversely affected by organic material, such as that found in chronic wounds and the oral cavity. Povidone-iodine is a promising antiseptic agent for the management of infections in the nursing home setting, including MRSA decolonization procedures, chronic wound management, and oral care.

Tooth decay is a problem that occurs in every person. However, children are the most vulnerable due to their diet, the consumption of foods high in sugar and poor oral hygiene. Due to this problem, the design of a mobile application was developed with the objective of preventing tooth decay in children, encouraging good oral hygiene habits in children. The mobile application basically teaches the child with the help of 3D modeling the correct way to brush his or her teeth. In addition, of using the smartphone camera to capture a photograph of the teeth. In this way it performs the analysis applying artificial intelligence to diagnose if the patient presents symptoms of caries. Also, creates a dependency of the child on the application each time he/she brushes correctly. The application provides bonuses for progressing and unlocking new interactive features; this way, attention is captured and a good habit is maintained. The agile Scrum methodology was used because it presents an orderly structure and allows adaptability. Also, offers a wide variety of graphical tools and strategies capable of displaying information in a structured way.

Residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in nursing homes (NHs) rely on direct care workers (DCWs) to assist with activities of daily living, such as oral hygiene. The current quality improvement project was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching a standardized positive physical approach to oral hygiene completion for patients with ADRD residing in a NH. A pre-/postintervention evaluation incorporating a video presentation coupled with a hands-on simulation experience showed a statistically significant improvement in DCWs' overall Sense of Competency in Dementia score, as well as all subcategories of the Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff survey. In addition, residents' day shift oral hygiene care completion rates increased monthly pre- to postintervention. NHs should consider implementing training that includes hands-on experiences to equip DCWs with the knowledge and skill needed to improve oral hygiene among residents with ADRD. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48 (11), 15–20.]

Occupation plays a major role in the well-being of an individual and has an influence on oral health. Fishing is one such occupation that entails a lot of physical labour and encourages habits that lead to poor oral health. Therefore, it is critical to shed light on the oral health of this isolated population to improve their quality of life by various means. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status and treatment needs of fisherman and non-fisherman population in South Goa, India.Study design was cross-sectional in nature. After a pilot study, multi-stage random sampling technique was employed and 400 study participants were recruited. World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form (1997) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) were used to record the study variables. Inter-examiner reliability assessed using Kappa statistics were found to be 90% and 88%, respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear and logistic regression analysis.Fishermen had significantly higher caries prevalence (82%) and poor oral hygiene (46%) than non- -fishermen. Extraction (42.2%) and pulp care (23.6%) were the highest treatment need among fishermen. They were 2.08 times more prone to dental caries than non-fishermen. Fishermen who used a toothbrush were 4.5 times less susceptible to caries. The dependence of caries prevalence and OHI-S score on occupation, oral hygiene aid and age were 14% and 25.8%, respectively.Fishermen in South Goa had high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene status and they required extensive dental treatment when compared to non-fishermen.

Patients using endotracheal tubes are at high risk of oral health status dysfunction due to impaired natural airway defence, oral flora composition changes and protective substances of the teeth, medication causing xerostomia. Oral care has not been enough to manage oral mucosal dryness, so an additional topical agent is needed to protect oral mucosa to maintain oral health. Honey is one of the recommended topical agents.This study aims to identify the effect of oral care with honey as topical agents on the oral health status of patients using endotracheal tube in the Intensive Care Unit.This was an experimental study with a randomized pretest and posttest design. The sample was adult intubated patients, consisting of 36 patients. The data were analysed using the parametric test, and dependent and independent t-test.The oral health score in the control group was found to be prepost mean score11.94 and 13.28 (p=.004) respectively, while in the intervention group 11.89 and 8.33 (p.001). Mean differences in both groups were 4.95 (p.001) and the BOAS subscale differences were seen on the lips, gumsmucosa, and tongue (p.05).Oral care with honey as a topical agent can improve the oral health status of intubated patients on the lips, gum, mucosa, and tongue subscale. Therefore, honey as an additional topical agent can be a moisturizer to maintain the oral mucosa for intubated patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Furthermore, good mucosal health will help prevent the infection and colonization of microorganisms.

Objective: In our research, we determined the oral health behaviors and knowledge levels of the Turkish population with diabetes.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the oral health practices, knowledge, and awareness items of the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.Results: A total of 439 respondents completed the questionnaire in a 6-month period. A majority of the participants (67%) were unaware about diabetes -periodontal disease relationship. However, only 9.6% of patients with diabetes were referred to a dentist for oral health. The rate of participants who received information about diabetes related increased periodontal risks by dentists was 19.4%. Conclusion: Our findings showed that type 2 patients with diabetes had poor attitudes and knowledge about oral health.

Effective daily oral hygiene behaviour will prevent periodontal disease. This study aimed to examine the oral symptoms, oral hygiene behaviours and factors contributing to oral hygiene behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes in a hospital in Japan.A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 198 patients with type 2 diabetes. Oral symptoms were assessed using a dichotomous scale based on clinical guidelines. Oral hygiene behaviours were assessed based on the frequency of daily tooth brushing and the use of interdental cleaning aids. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were also performed.Overall, 71.2% of the participants had oral symptoms. Of the participants, 80.3% performed twice daily tooth brushing and 61.1% did not perform interdental cleaning on a daily basis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that tooth brushing behaviour was negatively associated with male patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-0.80), difficulty with mastication (OR = 0.63, CI: 0.43-0.92) and tooth loss (OR = 0.68, CI: 0.46-1.00) and positively associated with periodontal disease (OR = 1.73, CI: 1.10-2.72). There were no significant variables related to the use of interdental cleaning aids.Patients need to learn about the necessity for regular oral hygiene behaviours and the appropriate way. In particular, support for male patients, those who have difficulty with mastication, those who have experienced natural tooth loss, and those who have not been diagnosed with periodontal disease are needed.

Introduction The demographic shift in the age profile of the UK is now well established. Older people have more complex requirements to maintain their oral health and appropriate training is required to provide good-quality oral and dental care. This research aimed to review the training in gerodontology currently being provided to undergraduate dental and dental hygiene therapy (DHT) students in the UK.Methods Quantitative data were generated through completion of an online questionnaire, emailed to the directors of dental education in each of the UK dental (n = 16) and DHT schools (n = 21). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics V26.Results There was a response rate of 37.5% from dental schools and 61.9% from DHT schools. Although gerodontology was being taught in every school that responded, it was only a standalone course in 16.7% of dental schools and 7.7% of DHT schools that responded. While all respondents reported a theoretical component, only 50% of dental schools and 53.8% of DHT schools reported providing clinical experience. Moreover, 33.3% of dental schools and 15.4% of DHT schools reported closely following the European curriculum guidelines in gerodontology.Conclusions The current training in gerodontology is not standardised across either dental or DHT schools in the UK and there seems to be a lack of awareness of the recommended European guidelines. The findings from this research demonstrate that future improvements in gerodontology training are still required for this to be achieved.

To verify whether access to information about oral hygiene influenced the practices of caregivers of children with microcephaly caused by Zika virus (ZIKV).A case series study was developed at the Mens Sana Rehabilitation Center, in the municipality of Arcoverde, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study universe included the mothers of 32 children with microcephaly caused by Zika virus. Data collection took place in June 2018 and was carried out through a structured questionnaire. The variables studied comprised socioeconomic issues, habits, diet, and knowledge about oral hygiene. Fisher's Exact and Pearson's Chi-square tests were used with a significance level of 5%.Out of 32 individuals eligible to participate in the study, only 27 were selected. Most mothers reported receiving information about oral hygiene from their infants (63.0%). Fisher's Exact and Pearson's Chi-square tests showed that access to oral hygiene information was associated with mother's education, family income, regular visits to the dentist, frequency of tooth brushing, age at which the infant started brushing, and brushing time (p 0.05).Access to information about oral hygiene positively influenced the oral health care of mothers with their children with microcephaly caused by ZIKV.

Adequate oral hygiene, that is self-performed infection control, is crucial to prevent periodontal disease. Epidemiological studies reveal poor oral hygiene conditions among Swedish adolescents and indicate a need for more effective prevention programs. The aim of the current study was to analyse adolescents' experiences of a person-centred, theory-based, oral health education program for improved oral hygiene.Data were obtained by interviewing 19 adolescents treated by dental hygienists in accord with the person-centred education program in a preceding clinical field study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02906098). Study participants were selected to reflect a variation of male and female adolescents, treated at clinics in areas with various socio-demographic profiles within Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis.A main theme was identified: 'Adolescents on a guided and challenging journey towards beneficial oral hygiene behavior'. The results elucidate the importance of a person-centred approach in therapy. The adolescents described insight on a personal level about the importance of improved oral hygiene as fundamental for behavioural change. Planning and monitoring of the behaviour, with guidance and support by the dental hygienist, was considered to facilitate change and encouraged further behavioural efforts. However, the adolescents expressed a need of reminders and support to keep up oral hygiene routines over time.The study brings knowledge on factors of importance in educational interventions to increase beneficial health behaviours among adolescents and emphasize areas for further improvements of such interventions.

This study aimed to elucidate the oral hygiene status and the factors associated with poor oral hygiene among patients with schizophrenia.The relationships of oral hygiene status (calculus index [CI], debris index [DI]), the mean number of decayed-missing-filled teeth (mean DMFT), and Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG) with related factors (hospitalization, chlorpromazine equivalents [CPZE], age, Barthel Index [BI], frequency of cleaning teeth, and self-oral hygiene ability) among 249 hospitalized schizophrenic patients were investigated.The results for oral hygiene status were as follows: median (range); CI 0.5 (0-6.0), DI 1.7 (0-6.0), ROAG 10.0 (7.0-15.0); and mean DMFT 21.7 ± 7.3. The average CPZE was 524.4 ± 353.6 mg (mean ± SD), and the BI was 76.4 ± 30.7. There was a negative correlation between BI and DI (r = -0.34), and a positive correlation between age and mean DMFT (r = 0.57). Male patients tended to have worse oral conditions (ROAG) than females. The least-squares multiple regression analysis revealed that BI for DI, age for mean DMFT, sex for ROAG, and self-oral hygiene ability for CI, DI, and mean DMFT were factors related to oral health status.Patients with schizophrenia tended to have poor oral hygiene. BI, being male, and low activities of daily living were associated with poor oral hygiene. Furthermore, advanced age was associated with an increased risk of dental caries.

Statement of problem Flapless implant placement with immediate functional loading has been reported in anterior locations. However, data on posterior locations are lacking. Purpose The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine and compare clinical outcomes of flap versus flapless surgically placed single posterior mandibular dental implants subjected to immediate functional loading. Material and methods Participants with missing mandibular first molar teeth were recruited and randomized into 2 groups (n=51): flapped and flapless. Dental implants were surgically placed and loaded immediately with interim restorations following implant protective occlusion. Outcome measures were implant failure, crestal bone loss, and periodontal parameters: modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and pocket depths. Outcome data were recorded at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits. Cone beam computed tomography scans were used to calculate crestal bone loss, and periodontal outcomes were recorded by using a resin covered periodontal probe (α=.05). Results After 12 months, similar implant failure rates (P>.05) were found between the groups. Crestal bone loss in the flapped group was statistically higher than in the flapless group at 6 months (0.83 ±0.21 mm versus 0.75 ±0.23 mm) and at 12 months (1.04 ±0.27 mm versus 0.90 ±0.24 mm) from the baseline. The modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and peri-implant probing depths (PDs) in both groups increased from the baseline to 6-month follow-ups (Baseline modified plaque index: 0.82 ±0.54 versus 0.79 ±0.21; Baseline modified sulcus bleeding index: 0.74 ±0.21 versus 0.70 ±0.43; Baseline PD: 1.25 ±0.37 mm versus 1.20 ±0.22 mm; 6 months modified plaque index: 1.54 ±0.70 versus 1.21 ±0.45; 6 months modified sulcus bleeding index: 1.93 ±0.54 versus 1.51 ±0.61; 6 months PD: 3.20 ±0.73 mm versus 2.80 ±0.43 mm). At 12-month follow-ups after repeated oral hygiene reinforcements, periodontal parameters had improved (decreased) significantly. Conclusions Flapless implant insertion with immediate functional loading could be considered as an appropriate treatment option for providing functional restorations on the day of implant placement with minimal surgical intervention, reducing crestal bone loss, and periodontal complications.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this research was to assess the association between inflammation and oral health and diabetes, as well as the mediating role of oral hygiene practice in this association. METHODS Data were from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analytical sample consisted of 2,191 respondents aged 50 and older. Poor oral health was clinically defined by significant tooth loss (STL) and periodontal disease (PD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was determined by glycemic levels. The outcome variable was serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, dichotomised as ≥1 mg/dL (elevated CRP) vs

Background:Poor oral hygiene increases the risk of dental caries. One of the efforts to improve oral hygiene is to remove plaque regularly by using miswak. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectivity of correct habits of miswak in improving oral hygiene behaviour in school children. Material and methods: Study was given to 31 participants with an age range of 10-15 years at secondary school at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The method is carried out through 3 stages, which were the field data collection, field intervention, and the establishment of a sustainability program. Field data collection was carried out through a questionnaire method and skill assessment using miswak with a pre-test and post-test design. The intervention uses poster media, and to ensure the sustainability of program implementation, collaboration with institutions is carried out in the procurement of miswak facilities and mandatory miswak programs in the Madrasah environment. Indicator analysis was carried out through a paired 2-group comparative test with a 95% confidence level processed with IBM SPPS 21. Results: Wilcoxon statistical test before and after the delivery of intervention materials showed an increase in knowledge and skills (p . Conclusion: It can be concluded that miswak is effective in improving oral hygiene behavior in school children aged 10-15 years.

Introduction. In healthcare, the need to pay more attention to the achievement of two objectives within the society arises: health promotion and prevention in terms of nutrition, good education, sport, and health education. Scientific evidence shows that adequate health standards must be learned since childhood through the help of parents and appropriate school projects. Parental intervention must be appropriate to support the responsibility of their children’s health. In oral health, it has been established for many years that there is a correlation between parental behaviors and lifestyles and children’s attitude. The aim of this study is to verify the close relation between behaviors, habits, lifestyles, and the knowledge of parents about their oral health and, consequently, their focus and care for their own children’s oral health. Furthermore, the awareness of parents about the importance and use of fluorine was to be determined. Materials and Methods. The study lasted 15 months and was conducted from April 2018 to July 2019: an anonymous 29-question questionnaire was administered to all parents who accompanied their children (aged between 3 and 12 years) going under treatment in the Pediatric Dentistry Unit of the University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome. Anamnestic data, sociodemographic context (e.g., educational level and occupation), oral health habits, and prevention of parents and children and fluoride knowledge were investigated. The study received ethical approval. 204 questionnaires were collected. The data gathered were recorded with a specifically designed computer program and collected and analyzed using a Microsoft Excel 10 database. Data were evaluated using standard statistical analysis software; descriptive statistics including mean ± SD values and percentage were calculated for each variable. The relationship between the age of parents, between mother or father and the parents’ degree of education levels, and the knowledge for their own children’s oral health was explored using the chi-square test of homogeneity and Fisher’s exact test ( P value of < 0.05 considered as statistically significant). Results. From the acquired data, it is possible to deduce that the major respondents were mothers aged from 36 to 45, while only a small part were fathers aged above 45 years. Questions related to parents’ oral hygiene habits were included in the questionnaire, and from the sample taken into consideration, it emerges that 64.7% of the respondents (67.1% mothers and 57.7% fathers) periodically attend a dental office for a checkup, 20.9% tend to postpone the treatment, and 15.2% go there just for emergency. Some of the questions showed that 80% of the interviewed subjects use fluoride toothpaste for their child’s oral hygiene. Conclusion. Prevention in childhood, in addition to being synonymous with monitoring the oral health of the child, means first of all to pay attention to parents who are the main behavioral reference. It emerged that there is no adequate knowledge about fluorine, especially when the subjects have a low educational level. A role of fundamental importance for the diffusion of adequate concepts in the field of oral hygiene is covered, according to the data received from the study carried out, by the dentist and dental hygienist.

Dental caries is the most common dental and oral health problem experienced by school-age children aged 7-12 years. Dental and oral care behavior is essential in determining individual health status, especially oral health and the level of dental caries. Since the pandemic, SDN Balletbaru never provided counseling and assistance in maintaining oral health. However, since the pandemic, there has never been any assistance regarding dental and oral health maintenance. Based on this, the researchers wanted to examine the relationship between dental caries and the level of oral hygiene of children aged 7-12 years at SDN Balletbaru Jember. This descriptive research was carried out on the students of SDN Balletbaru, Jember Regency, aged 7-12 years. This research was conducted by examining OHI-s, DMF-T, and def-t. The results showed a relationship between oral hygiene, age, sex, and dental caries (R 0.5). In conclusion, there was a relationship between dental caries and the level of oral hygiene of children aged 7-12 years at SDN Balletbaru. Therefore, improving oral hygiene is necessary to promote and prevent dental caries. In order to make this effort a success, coordination and cooperation from all parties are needed, namely the students themselves, parents, teachers, and health workers

The purpose of this study was to elicit ideas or concerns influencing dental hygiene educators' experiences of personal and professional burnout, burnout working with students, and teaching efficacy in an online/hybrid environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.A qualitative, content-analysis study included a convenience sample of dental hygiene educators emails. An invitation to participate in an August 2021 or October 2021 focus group was sent via QualtricsFifty-three were invited to the August 2021 focus groups for a 26% (n = 14) response rate, and 116 were invited to the October 2021 focus groups for an 11% (n = 13) response rate. Contributing factors to experiences of burnout expressed were: (1) work-life balance (n = 59), including (a) overwork, (b) pressure to be available, and (c) lack of boundaries; (2) change (n = 34) involving (a) developing new protocols, (b) constant uncertainty, (c) COVID-19 requirements, and (d) new platforms; and (3) negative interactions (n = 32) with (a) students and (b) faculty.A lack of work-life balance from overwork, pressure to be available at all times, no boundaries with students, and an absence of a sense of connection for workplace vitality were contributors to burnout. Work-from-home flexibility, a work environment that supported wellness and mental well-being, and the ability to leave the workplace for periods of time were reported as helpful solutions to combatting burnout.

Background Oral hypofunction (OHF) is related to occlusal status and bite force. It has specific symptoms and varying degrees of severity. Objectives OHF was determined with five signs. The relationships between OHF and need for assistance in oral hygiene, moving, eating and occlusal status in older adults living in long-term care (LTC) were examined. Methods A comprehensive clinical oral examination was conducted on 393 residents who lived in LTC in Helsinki, Finland. The five signs to determine OHF were mouth dryness, visible food residue on oral or denture surfaces, ability to keep the mouth open during examination, clearness of speech, and diet of pureed or soft food. Score points of 0-2 were given for each sign, and the sum was categorised as mild, moderate or severe OHF. Participants were divided into three groups accordingly, and occlusal status was determined based on contact units. In addition, nurses collected background information on number of medications and level of cognition. Need for assistance was based on oral hygiene, moving and eating. Results Of participants (n = 319), 21% showed severe and 41% moderate OHF. Occlusal status differences between the OHF groups were significant. OHF severity associated linearly with increased severity of cognitive impairment and increased need for assistance in oral hygiene, eating and moving. Conclusions OHF score based on the five signs can be used to determine OHF severity. OHF was common and associated with occlusal status, cognitive impairment and need for assistance in oral hygiene, moving and eating in older adults living in LTC.

Background: The management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) requires a comprehensive approach that considers multiple factors, including the impact of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Through this investigation we aim to assess the impact of OHRQoL played in a TMD-afflicted individual. Methods: Using keywords relevant to our research, such as "Oral health related quality of life," "Oral hygiene," "Temporomandibular joint" and "Temporomandibular disorders," a comprehensive search across multiple online databases was carried out, yielding a total of 632 studies at the preliminary stage of the review. Modified New Castle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies included. Results: Eight studies were included in the review, out of which six were eligible for further meta-analysis. The studies included in this review employed various OHRQoL measures, including the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the OHIP- 49. All the studies demonstrated significant effect of TMDs on the OHRQoL of the target population under study. Conclusion: The impact of OHRQoL on the management of TMD was deemed to be significant. The comprehensive management of TMD should consider the impact of the condition on the individual's daily life and incorporate interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition. By improving OqL, individuals with TMD can experience improved overall well-being and quality of life.

Introduction: Current dentistry prioritizes preventive measures as an effective way of reducing the main diseases that affect the oral cavity. Any alteration of the dentin-pulp complex, if not treated, can act as an irritant and trigger a pulp inflammatory process. Objective: to determine the main causes and treatment of dental pulp disorders in patients under ten years of age. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational research was carried out. The universe consisted of 30 pediatric patients, working with all of them. Individual non-digitized medical records were used to obtain the information. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis by calculating absolute and relative percentage frequencies. The ethical standards set forth in the II Declaration of Helsinki were respected. Results: it was found that 60 % of them were caused by dental caries, followed by iatrogenic medical causes (27 %) and trauma with 13 % of the total sample. Regarding the treatment carried out before the pulp affection, it was observed that 42 % of the patients underwent exodontia, followed by pulpotomy (32 %) and pulpectomy (26 %) respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that the main cause of dental pulp affections are caries and the main treatment used in these cases is exodontia; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen preventive measures to raise awareness about the care of teeth and oral hygiene., {"references":["Bordoni N, Escobar A, Mercado RC. Odontologia pediatrica / Pediatric Dentistry: La salud bucal del nino y el adolescente en el mundo actual / The Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in Today's World. Ed. Médica Panamericana; 2010.","Costello MJ, Nieto O, Ferraris ME. Aspectos estructurales de los dientes primarios. Estudio al M.O. Y M.E.B. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Nac (Cordoba) [Internet]. 1997 [Citado 23/02/2023]; 61–9. Disponible en: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/RevFacOdonto/article/view/17006","Bhaskar SN. 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BackgroundGingivitis is a nonspecific inflammatory lesion in response to the accumulation of oral biofilm and is a necessary precursor to periodontitis. Enhanced oral hygiene practices are necessary to reverse gingivitis and a dentifrice that could provide significant clinical reductions in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation would be desirable to treat gingivitis and potentially prevent progression to periodontitis. This clinical study aimed to investigate the effect of a novel stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice with 2.6% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as an antitartar agent to reduce Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index over a 3-month study period.MethodsThis double-blind, randomized controlled clinical study evaluated plaque, gingival inflammation, and sulcular bleeding in patients using either a novel dental gel containing 0.454% stannous fluoride and 2.6% EDTA or a dentifrice with 0.24% sodium fluoride. Sixty subjects participated over a 3-month period. Co-primary endpoints were improvements in PI and Modified Gingival Index (mGI) from baseline values. No professional cleaning was performed during the study period.ResultsAll subjects in the study demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all measures of oral hygiene over the 3-month study period. Subjects using the novel dental gel showed statistically significantly greater reductions in PI (ΔPI) [(-1.43±0.34; -0.49±0.13) (p&nbsp

Literature suggests that deficiencies among dental professional students in both knowledge and awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with oropharyngeal cancers (OPC), as well as its risk factors implicating the prevalence of HPV, may be due to the lack of HPV-related education during professional schooling. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an online learning tool to educate dental and dental hygiene students about HPV and its association with OPC, rapidly evolving disease patterns, and dental professionals' role in HPV-associated OPC prevention efforts. A three-section online learning module was developed to improve dental professionals' comfort levels with, and knowledge of, HPV. The participants were recruited to participate in surveys before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were computed to study the effectiveness of the modules in improving the knowledge of students about this topic. Pre-intervention survey participants totaled 142, and 107 participants answered the post-intervention survey. The majority of the study participants had some baseline understanding of HPV prior to accessing the modules. After reviewing the modules, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of respondents who identified OPC (p = 0.01), vaginal cancer (0.02), vulvar cancer (0.04), and penile cancer (0.01) as associated with HPV. A gap in the understanding of HPV vaccine-eligible groups was noted in almost half of the participants; while most participants could correctly identify that boys and girls aged 9-12years were eligible to get the vaccine, the gap in knowledge in this regard was related to "25-year-old with an abnormal pap result." Due to the evolving nature of this topic, there is a need to find new and effective methods of disseminating HPV-related information among the existing and future dental workforce.

Background: Vulnerable individuals residing at long-term care facilities require special oral health consideration. Examining concepts of oral health and hygiene practices of caregivers becomes essential for understanding the quality of oral health services provided to residents.Aim: This study explored the oral health–related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of caregivers.Setting: Long-term care facilities in the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at seven long-term care facilities among 188 caregivers who completed a self-administered questionnaire. Data were collated and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Inferential techniques included an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Participants reported that dentures do not to be cleaned (n = 139; 73.9%). Participants (n = 70; 37.2%) reported that some medications have oral side effects. Most participants (n = 173; 92%) were optimistic about improving their oral health knowledge and skills. Participants (n = 108; 57.4%) only reported flossing when they had food trapped between their teeth. Few participants (n = 30; 16%) reported visiting the dentist every 6 months.Conclusion: Participants had a positive attitude to improve their oral health-related knowledge and practices. However, the study showed that there is a need to scale-up oral health education and training activities for caregivers.Contribution: It is envisaged that findings of this study will demonstrate the importance of oral health-related knowledge among caregivers in providing better oral health care through improved attitudes and practices.

The relationship between periodontitis and hypertension remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of periodontitis, missing teeth, and oral hygiene behaviors with the incidence of hypertension.A total of 104,349 participants were selected from the National Health Insurance System-Health Screening (NHIS-HEALS) cohort. Incident hypertension and periodontitis were diagnosed based on the patients' clinical records and health examinations. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, coexisting disease, and health behaviors.The mean age of the participants was 51.1 years (range, 40-79 years) at baseline, and 55.1% were men. A total of 52,855 incident hypertension cases were identified during the median follow-up period of 9.6 years. Among the participants, periodontitis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.00-1.04), number of missing teeth (for ≥15 group, HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.29-1.52), dental scaling (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.95), and toothbrushing frequency (for ≥3 group, HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83-0.88) were significantly associated with incident hypertension after full adjustments for covariates. While periodontitis was significantly associated with incident hypertension (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06) in the middle-aged group (40-64 years), the effect was insignificant in the older group (≥65 years).Oral inflammation could contribute to the incidence of hypertension; thus, efforts to reduce oral inflammation should be encouraged. Future intervention studies are warranted to determine whether oral health care could be beneficial in the management of hypertension.

Moral principles in children can influence their oral hygiene practices and can be beneficial in providing better oral health care.To assess the consistency of Piaget's moral development principles in Indian children aged 7 to 11 years and evaluate its influence on their oral hygiene practices.The first phase of the embedded mixed-method approach included telephone interviews of 50 children on eight situations of moral development as suggested by Jean Piaget. Children were categorised into heteronomous and autonomous moralities based on the content analysis. The second phase of the study included a semi-structured qualitative interview on knowledge and practice behaviour of children on oral hygiene maintenance.There was no significant difference in the overall moral development of children aged 7 to 9 years and 9 to 11 years (p = .57). Only 4.8% of girls had heteronomous morality, and a significant difference was noted between boys and girls (p = .014). There was a significant difference in the oral hygiene practices observed between heteronomous morality and autonomous morality children.Children were autonomous in their morality at 7 to 9 years of age. Children with autonomous morality performed better oral hygiene practices than children with heteronomous morality.

There are various oral symptoms related to the disease and its management in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to investigate the oral health status of children with different stages of CKD, kidney transplant recipients (KTR), and healthy children.A total of seventy-one children diagnosed with CKD and fifty-two healthy children were included in the study. Each patient was examined for dental caries by the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT/dmft) index and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II), developmental defects of enamel (DDE) by the DDE index, and oral hygiene by the debris (DI), calculus (CI), and simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) indices.The median number of DMFT/dmft was 1.00 (interquartile range (IQR):1.00-4.00) in children with stage 1-3 CKD, 0.00 (IQR: 0.00-2.50) in stage 4-5 children, 0.00 (IQR: 1.00-3.00) in KTR, and 8.00 (IQR: 1.00-13.00) in healthy children. According to ICDAS-II categories, the percentage of children with severe caries was 53.8% in healthy children, while it was 44.4% in KTR, 25.9% in stage 1-3, and 11.4% in stage 4-5 children. While the percentage of children with DDE was 88.8% in KTR, 80% in stage 4-5, and 66.7% in stage 1-3 children, this rate was 44.2% in healthy children. The highest mean OHI-S score was observed in stage 4-5 children (2.10 ± 1.08), followed by KTR (1.46 ± 1.19), stage 1-3 (1.27 ± 0.61), and healthy children (0.45 ± 0.44), respectively.Compared to healthy children, children with CKD had more debris accumulation, calculus formation, and more DDE but a lower severity of dental caries. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

Introduction: This research paper is a cross-sectional study that aims to estimate the prevalence of oral health problems among adult patients in palliative care, as well as to investigate the oral hygiene practices of palliative care patients in Brunei Darussalam. Patients and methods: In this study, the Oral Palliative Care and Assessment and Referral tool (OPCAR) along with a 15–item questionnaire were utilized as reliable tools for measurements. All palliative care patients who had been assessed in this study were invited to participate. A total of 90 palliative care patients were invited to participate and 73 patient data were used for the subsequent data analysis. Results: The three most common problems among in palliative care patients were saliva, lips, and teeth category. Fisher’s exact test identified there was a significantly higher teeth-related problems (teeth caries, fracture, broken root stumps) in non-denture wearing patients as compared with denture wearing patients. However, other associations between denture wearing to oral hygiene was of little significance. Conclusions: Using the normal approximation sample method, it was revealed that almost all the participants were eligible to be referred to the dental clinic for at least one oral problem.

Aims: Poor oral health is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia (AP), especially in elderly patients at risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). In Portugal, available tools to screen oral problems in nursing homes are scarce. The oral health assessment tool (OHAT) is a screening tool that assesses elderly residents’ oral health. This study aims to translate and validate the tool for the European Portuguese (EP) context. Methods: The original version was translated into EP throughout a forwardbackward translation process. An instruction manual was created. Content of both documents were assessed by a panel of eight experts. The content validity Index was calculated. A reliability study was conducted in three nursing homes by two speech and language therapists in two different moments, separated by 48 h. Results: A sample of 30 institutionalized elderly with a mean age of 77 years was analyzed. The EP version and its instruction manual presented a content validity Index greater than 0.88 in all its items. Total scores showed excellent inter-rater and good intra-rater results. Conclusion: The EP version showed to be a reliable and valid tool for the screening of oral health conditions of institutionalized older adults at risk of OD. published

Background/purpose Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting mucous membrane of the body. Oral involvement is common causing chronic and painful lesions. This study aimed to characterize oral MMP in a group of Thai patients and to analyze treatment regimens. Materials and methods The files of patients attending Oral Medicine Clinic were retrospectively studied. Patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of MMP were included. Chief complaints, medical and dental history, oral manifestations and investigations of individual patients were summarized. Treatment regimens and efficacy were also analyzed. Results There were fourteen patients (age range 33–70 years) with a diagnosis of MMP. The prevalence of oral MMP was 0.51%. The lesions presented as vesicles, blood blisters, erosions, ulcers, erythema, either one type or in combination. Common complaints were chronic painful and bleeding gums. Gingival lesions were found in 13 of 14 patients (92.86%). The most common direct immunofluorescence findings were linear C3 at basement membrane zone (92.31%) followed by linear IgG deposition (84.62%). Most lesions were successfully managed with topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. The average time to control disease was 1.97 months (IQR, 0.69–12.73 months). Conclusion Gingival lesions are very common in MMP. Mainstay of treatment is combination of systemic and topical corticosteroids. Multidisciplinary care including oral hygiene maintenance is necessary.

Basic and daily oral hygiene care is essential for maintaining oral health in adults with special needs. The caregivers act in this process and need to be understood about the difficulties and the resources they use to deal with this demand. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the difficulties and strategies of caregivers regarding oral hygiene for adults with special health care needs (SHCN) METHODS: Twenty-one caregivers of adults with SHCN participated in an interview in which the following questions were asked: What are the greatest difficulties in performing oral hygiene for the adult with SHCN you take care? and "How do you overcome these difficulties?" The interviews were recorded and the qualitative data were analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique RESULTS: All respondents were female with a mean age of 58.5 years (± 10.8) and the adults with SHCN presented mean age of 30 years (± 18). The greatest difficulty pointed out by caregivers regarding oral hygiene for adults with SHCN was their non-cooperation to do such activity. Regarding coping strategies, caregivers pointed out several strategies to perform oral hygiene in adults with SHCN, such as supervising their brushing, seek for a qualified dentist to assist with this task, performing oral hygiene during the bath, performing physical restraint, among others CONCLUSION: The caregivers' perspectives indicate feelings of failure, discomfort, but also the use of creative resources to deal with the task. The results bring up themes that refer to anxieties and are related to technical and dental issues, that could be explored and need to be recognized by the reference oral healthcare team, whose responsibility it is also to work for the empowerment of caregivers.

Teledentistry is a powerful tool for connecting oral health providers with patients who cannot easily visit a dental office, such as patients with special health care needs. Teledentistry is a skill that must be learned and this article will review key concepts that will allow providers to be better prepared to use it within their practices. These concepts include considerations for data collection and information that is necessary for a successful teledentistry visit. The authors also provide different examples of teledentistry in action, such as guided oral hygiene or dental screenings. Lastly, the authors review some unique challenges related to teledentistry and recommendations for overcoming those challenges.

Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de cárie dentária e fatores relacionados em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de uma escola pública de Manaus-AM. Métodos: O delineamento do estudo foi do tipo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 103 escolares. Para avaliar a cárie dentária foram realizados exames clínicos utilizando o Índice CPO-D (cariados, perdidos, obturados por dente) para avaliar presença de cárie dentária em ficha individual. Também foram aplicados dois questionários referentes aos hábitos de higiene bucal e à percepção da presença de dor dentária nos últimos seis meses e impacto das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária. O Índice Significant Caries Index (SIC) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença da doença cárie dentária em um terço da população com maior CPO-D. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os programas Microsoft Excel® e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), adotando o nível de significância de 0,05. Para verificar a hipótese de associação entre variáveis foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: A média do índice CPO-D encontrada foi de 1,2 considerada baixa; sendo o componente cariado (C) o responsável pela maior parte do Índice CPO-D. O Índice SIC foi de 4,4 evidenciando que um terço da amostra apresentava Índice CPO muito superior à média encontrada, mostrando desigualdade na distribuição da doença no grupo estudado. A frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia foi relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes (57,3%). No entanto, sobre a frequência de consulta dos adolescentes ao cirurgião-dentista, constatou-se que 48,6% dos estudantes nunca procuraram atendimento. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e irritabilidade causada pelos dentes (p = 0,011) e dificuldade para falar (p = 0,007). Conclusão: Este estudo apontou baixa experiência de cárie dentária, sendo a frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e as questões sobre incômodo ao escovar os dentes e dificuldade para falar.

Aim: To recognize the sociodemographic profile and the periodontal health condition of individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study involving individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. The collection of sociodemographic data was carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire applied to caregivers. The clinical examination was performed in a clinical setting. The sample was non-probabilistic, for convenience (n = 20). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. For categorical variables, absolute and percentage frequencies were calculated, for quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and variability were calculated. The analyzes were performed with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20.0. Results: There was a parity among the individuals surveyed in relation to sex, 60% were white, and the average age was 24.6 years (SD = 7.08), with a family income of 2.47 minimum wages (SD = 3.57). Oral hygiene is performed by the individual (89.5%), using a toothbrush and toothpaste (68.4%), twice a day (50%). Most interviewees have already visited the dentist (84.2%), more than 4x (66.7%), less than 6 months ago (53.3%), only in the private sector (50.0%), the main reason for the consultation being prevention (31.3%). It was observed that the average plaque index was high (89.53%). The average bleeding rate on probing was 39.93%, and the average probing depth was 2.09 mm. Conclusion: Studies with groups of individuals with DS who have continuous and systematic preventive dental care have demonstrated an effective improvement in periodontal health dental care, have demonstrated an effective improvement in periodontal health. Uniterms: Down syndrome. Periodontal diseases. Oral health.

Neuromuscular disorders cause damage to the motor nerves. Arm-hand function can severely be impaired. The needs of and limitations of patients with neuromuscular disorders and the role of their carers in providing oral hygiene were studied. To this end, an online survey was sent to 706 patients with a neuromuscular disorder (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis and progressive bulbar palsy). The survey questions concerned, among other things, self-reliance, the oral situation and oral hygiene. Oral health-related quality of life and subjective well-being were also measured. A total of 259 patients (36.7%) responded, of whom 71.9% declared themselves not to have been informed about the importance of maintaining good oral health. Moreover, 40.4% wished to receive help from an oral care professional regarding their oral hygiene; 19.8% was not satisfied with the oral care they provided for themselves or as provided by their carers. It was concluded that attention to oral hygiene for patients with neuromuscular disorders by both multidisciplinary treatment teams and oral care professionals is required.Bij neuromusculaire aandoeningen worden de motorische zenuwen aangetast. Hierdoor kan de arm-handfunctie sterk achteruitgaan. De behoeften en barrières van patiënten met neuromusculaire aandoeningen en de rol van hun mantelzorgers of zorgverleners bij het uitvoeren van mondzorg werd onderzocht. Hiertoe werd een online vragenlijst gestuurd naar 706 patiënten met een neuromusculaire aandoening (amyotrofische laterale sclerose, progressieve spinale musculaire atrofie, primaire laterale sclerose en progressieve bulbaire parese). De vragen betroffen onder meer zelfredzaamheid, mondsituatie en mondhygiëne. De mondgezondheid gerelateerde kwaliteit van leven en het subjectieve welzijn werden ook gemeten. In totaal reageerden 259 patiënten (36,7%), van wie 71,9% aangaf niet geïnformeerd te zijn over het belang van een goede mondgezondheid. Bovendien wilde 40,4% graag hulp van een professionele mondzorgverlener ontvangen op het gebied van mondhygiëne, 19,8% was niet tevreden over de mondzorg zoals die door henzelf of hun verzorgers werd uitgevoerd. Geconcludeerd werd dat mondzorg bij patiënten met neuromusculaire aandoeningen aandacht nodig heeft van zowel multidisciplinaire behandelteams als mondzorgverleners.

Objective. To assess the prevalence of medical conditions, oral hygiene practices, and dental visits among patients who attended a teaching dental hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Materials & Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study used patient records from 2009 to 2015 from the dental hospital of the College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam. Patients’ demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, reasons for attending the facility, attendance patterns, and smoking habits were studied. Results. The study included 1502 records of patients with 65.1% of males and 34.9% of females. The prevalence of medical conditions was 25.7% in the study. The most common medical conditions included diabetes mellitus (7.2%), hypertension (6.5%), and anemia (4.7%). Only 21.8% reported visiting the dental hospital in the past one year. The prevalence of smoking was 16.7%, and this did not differ significantly between healthy and medically compromised patients ( P = 0.165 ). Fillings were the most common (21.6%) reason for visiting a dental hospital, followed by treatment for periodontal problems (12.9%) and oral lesions (12.6%), whereas treatment for braces (orthodontics) was the least common (5%) reason for visiting the hospital. The reasons for visiting the hospital did not differ significantly between healthy and medically compromised patients ( P > 0.05 ). The three most common barriers to dental visits included long waiting time (18.1%), fear of dental treatment (14.4%), and difficulty in getting an appointment (11.3%). Conclusion. The study showed that dental patients had a high prevalence of medical conditions. Diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent problem. Most patients visited the dental hospital to receive restorative treatment, and a long waiting time was the most common barrier to dental visits. Public health measures should be taken to improve the general health and oral care of patients.

Objective. To report the results of dental morphological analysis performed on the remains of two European nobles (Duke Alessandro Farnese and his wife Maria D'Aviz) who lived in the 16th century, together with hypotheses on their nutrition and oral hygiene habits. Design and results. The remains of Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592) and Princess Maria D'Aviz (1538-1577) were exhumed in Parma, Italy, in the context of an historical investigation into their possible causes of death. The skulls were examined and analysed through direct inspection, high-detailed photographs and radiographs. Ante mortem tooth loss (AMTL), postmortem tooth loss (PMTL), Scott and Smith dental wear indexes and the Kerr periodontal index were used to assess the dental and periodontal status of the couple. Alessandro Farnese suffered from severe dental wear while it was presumed that Maria D'Aviz was affected by periodontal disease and tooth decay. Conclusions. Based on the findings of the present analysis, we hypothesise that Alessandro Farnese's diet was mainly based on hard and unrefined foods, also suggested by limited historical reports. It is likely that Maria D'Aviz's nutrition was based on sugar-enriched foods.

To evaluate the effectiveness of embossed tactile graphic books and Braille with an audio file for oral health education for visually impaired individuals.Forty visually impaired individuals (9-16 years old) were matched and randomly assigned into two groups. The education was provided using an audio file and practicing toothbrushing with teachers' hands-on assistance for the audio/hands-on (A/HO) group and the tactile graphic book with audio and teacher supervision (ATB/TS) group. The oral health instruction was performed three times, once a week every 2 weeks, transitioning to a self-study session based on the group's method once a week for 4 weeks. Plaque score, brushing performance, and oral health knowledge were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Friedman post hoc test.A significant improvement was found in both groups at week 6 of the intervention. However, the ATB/TS group had a significantly higher score than the A/HO group in the task analysis of tooth brushing step score (p-value 0.001), PHP score (p-value = 0.001), and oral hygiene knowledge score (p-value 0.001).Tactile graphic books and Braille with an audio file is an effective medium for the oral health education of visually impaired individuals.

This study aimed to determine caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students.A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine students' oral hygiene practices/behaviours. The students were subjected to oral examinations to determine their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores according to the WHO criteria. In addition, the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used to measure the students' dental anxiety levels.A total of 280 students (mean age: 20.8 years) participated in this study. Amongst the students, 52.8% brush their teeth twice a day, and 17.48% and 15.17% use floss and mouthwash daily, respectively. Moreover, the defined smoking rate was 22.85%. The mean DMFT scores of the preclinical and clinical students were 3.39 ± 3.22 and 3.55 ± 3.19, respectively. Most of the students (82.6%) preferred fluoride toothpaste, and the DMFT scores of those who use and do not use fluoride toothpaste significantly differed (p = 0.031). Furthermore, junk-food consumption affected the scores for decayed teeth (p = 0.048) and missing teeth (p = 0.039). Most students had low or moderate CDAS scores (CDAS13), and anxiety scores were lower amongst the clinical students than amongst the preclinical students.Although the students demonstrated favourable oral health behaviours/practices and low caries prevalence, their adherence to oral hygiene instructions and to healthy dietary and lifestyle habits should improve. The importance of this topic should be strongly emphasized in the undergraduate curriculum. For this purpose, professional behavioural control methods that suit students' individual capacities, motivations and therapeutic needs may be employed. The principal findings of similar studies should be evaluated by lecturers to help students adopt optimal oral health practices/behaviours, reducing their dental anxiety levels and improving their professional competencies.

The review aims to fill the gap in literature by comparing the efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance (OHM) in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT).Indexed databases were searched electronically to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for data gathering. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020182497). Risk of bias assessment, quality of evidence investigation and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate reported OHM-related parameters at time points before and after the use of chlorhexidine (control group) and herbal mouthwashes (intervention group). With 95% confidence intervals, mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate effect size.Out of eight RCTs, results from one RCT favoured chlorhexidine and the results from a second RCT favoured herbal mouthwashes. Results from three RCTs showed comparable effects for the respective investigated OHM-related parameters. Chlorhexidine demonstrated higher antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in two studies, and one RCT found comparable antimicrobial efficacies. Risk of bias was low in two studies, and moderate and high in two studies each. Quality of evidence was very low to moderate for the respective investigated parameters. Sub-group analysis for parameters colony forming units (CFU) {SMD (0.40) [95% CI (-0.22, 1.03)], gingival index (GI) {MD (0.06) [95% CI (-0.08, 0.20)]}, plaque index (PI) {SMD 0.22 [95% CI (-0.23, 0.67)]} before the use of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwashes remained inconclusive.The comparison between efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine towards OHM in patients undergoing fixed OT remains debatable.

Various factors were believed to play an important role and were closely related to the risk of Early Childhood Caries (ECC), including daily oral hygiene behavior. Oral hygiene of children under 2 years is very dependent on their parents, especially mothers or caregivers. This study revealed the prevalence of ECC and its related to children's oral hygiene behavior after 9 months of observation. A total of 60 caries-free children (deft= 0) under two y.o were observed for 9 months. Without prior dental education regarding oral health care, all subjects were observed for their oral hygiene behavior. The questionnaires were given at the beginning and at the end of the observation and recording the final deft score. After 9 months later, from 60 caries-free children, 19 (31.6%) study subjects were exposed to ECC with a deft average score of 2+2. Oral hygiene behavior related to ECC prevalence in this study (p0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of ECC was related to poor oral hygiene behavior

To assess oral care beliefs and oral hygiene procedures among nursing home personnel to identify strengths and weaknesses in managing oral care.A cross-sectional study in two nursing homes using an oral health care questionnaire including the Nursing Dental Coping Belief Scale.A total of 109 health personnel participated. Oral care was seldomly achieved twice a day and dental supplies were not guaranteed. Registered nurses found the oral health of residents more acceptable than did allied health personnel with less oral care education, who mostly delivered daily care. Conversely, nursing staff with oral care education had lower dental coping beliefs, suggesting a lack of self-reliance in controlling oral health outcomes.Dental supplies should be part of nursing care equipment. Educational programs could increase positive oral health beliefs and enhance the quality of care in these settings, particularly among those who are accountable for oral care.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether poor oral health is associated with a higher risk of malnutrition based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) or MNA-SF (short form) in older adults. STUDY SELECTION For this meta-analysis, cohort and cross-sectional studies with adults 65 years and older, reporting oral health outcomes (i.e. edentulism, number of teeth) and either the MNA or MNA-SF were selected. Four electronic databases were searched (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE) through June 2020. Risk of bias was assessed with the checklist by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale. RESULTS A total of 928 abstracts were reviewed with 33 studies, comprising 27,559 participants, aged ≥65 being ultimately included. Meta-analyses showed that the lack of daily oral hygiene (teeth or denture cleaning), chewing problems and being partially/fully edentulous, put older adults at higher risk of malnutrition (p < 0.05). After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, the included studies reported lack of autonomy for oral care, poor/moderate oral health, no access to the dentist and being edentulous with either no dentures or only one denture were risk factors significantly associated with a higher risk of malnutrition (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings may imply that once elders become dependent on others for assistance with oral care, have decreased access to oral healthcare, and lack efficient chewing capacity, there is increased risk of malnourishment. Limitations of the study include heterogeneity of oral health variables and the observational nature of the studies. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.

Background/Aim. Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a commonly encountered clinical problem, characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentine. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of cervical DH in an adult population sample of city of Pancevo, Serbia, to evaluate correlation between DH and severity of cervical tooth wear, as well as to investigate the impact of certain etiological factors. Methods. The study included 394 subjects, who were clinically examined and interviewed about potential etiological factors using specially designed questionnaire. Presence of cervical DH was evaluated using cold air stimulation and Schiff ordinal scale. Severity of cervical tooth wear was evaluated using Basic Erosive Wear Examination-BEWE. Results were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression at significance level of p≤0.05. Results. The presence of cervical DH was recorded in 32.9% from total number of subjects. Chi-square analysis showed significant association between clinically elicited and questionnaire declared DH (p

The aim: To evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on the oral health. Materials and methods: This is an observational study. In the present research were taken into consideration 300 patients. The study sample consisted of 191 males, respectively (63.7%) of them and 109 females (36.3%) of the participants. Results: In the current study, we analyzed the oral health of diabetic patients within the age class of 11–80 years. We divided them into seven age groups: 11-20, 21-30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, and 71-80 years. Based on the results of the current study it was observed that 83.7% of patients were affected by gingivitis. The results of our study show that dental caries prevalence was 68.7 % and the prevalence of missing teeth among patients with diabetes mellitus was 78.7%. According to the ANOVA test, high blood sugar values had a direct impact on the manifestation of gingivitis and there it was a strong correlation between them P-value = .000. Males with diabetes mellitus were more affected by dental caries and this was indicated by the P-value= .02, in comparison to females who recorded a P-value = .03. The relation between gender males and missing teeth was highly significant P-value = .001. Conclusions: The present study proved that diabetes mellitus is risk factor for oral health. The authors studied this group of patients exposed to high blood glucose levels and found out that oral diseases were high in these patients.

Background Oral care with gel is a common method for preventing aspiration in high-risk patients. An oral care gel is used to clean and moisturize the oral cavity. However, the effects of gel care on the oral bacteria remain unclear. In this pilot study, we described a matching transformation system (MA-T) for elderly high-risk patients. MA-T is an on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide solution that provides excellent safety and has various antimicrobial activities, even in the presence of abundant organic compounds. This study investigated the effects of MA-T gel in patients requiring nursing care. Materials and methods Patients who were hospitalized for nursing care were included in this study. No drugs and foods were administered orally. Oral bacteria and intraoral humidity were examined by daily care using MA-T gel. Moreover, oral membranous substances were analyzed and material from the oral cavity was cultured on selective media for identifying opportunistic organisms. Results Membranous substances were present in the oral cavities of all patients. The number of bacteria decreased, and oral moisture improved, after treatment with MA-T gel. Moreover, oral humidity was also controlled with the continued use of MA-T gel. MA-T gels should be used not only for professional care but also on a daily basis for better oral care. Furthermore, the results of bacterial cultures showed that MA-T controls the propagation of opportunistic bacterial infections. Conclusion Membranous substances may be observed in the oral cavity of individuals requiring nursing care for tube feeding. The results of this pilot study suggest that MA-T, a novel disinfectant, can be used for oral care in the elderly to reduce the risk of aspiration-pneumonia.

Atualmente, a odontologia de mínima intervenção é enfatizada como a melhor forma de manejo da cárie dentária. A partir desta filosofia, a abordagem não restauradora vem ganhando destaque, especialmente nos casos de crianças de baixa idade e comportamento difícil. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é mostrar que uma lesão de cárie que acomete a dentina nem sempre necessita de tratamento invasivo desde que seja possível realizar o controle da dieta e uma adequada higiene bucal pelo paciente ou pelo cuidador, no caso de inabilidade motora do supracitado. Abordamos o caso de uma paciente na primeira infância com lesões de cárie ativa em dentina nos dentes 74, 75, 84 e 85. O tratamento proposto foi o controle das lesões cariosas. O núcleo familiar recebeu as devidas orientações sobre a importância da dieta e controle do biofilme, assim como foram orientados sobre as consultas de retorno para o controle clínico e radiográfico das lesões, as quais não foram possíveis por razões inerentes ao comportamento da criança. O controle clínico mostrou que o tratamento proposto foi eficaz no caso apresentado já que, após 1 ano e 3 meses, as lesões se mostraram remineralizadas e sem nenhum episódio de dor e/outra alteração durante o período.

Odontogenic deep neck infections remain a common condition that presents a challenging issue due to the complex involvement of the neck and adjacent structures and its potential life-threatening risk. Periapical infection of the second or third molar with spread to the submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces is the most commonly observed scenario. However, the time of dental extraction of the infection focus remains controversial. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical and radiological features, and management in patients diagnosed with ODNI and to identify the role of early dental extraction on patient outcomes and recovery. This retrospective study included patients over 18 years old with a diagnosis of ODNI who were admitted to the University Hospital ?Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez? from January 2017 to January 2022. ODNI diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological evidence of the disease supplemented by dental and maxillofacial evaluation for an odontogenic aetiology. A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The patients? mean age was 40.96 ± 14.9. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. The submandibular space was the most common deep neck space involved (n=59, 86.8%). Mediastinitis, marginal nerve injury and orocervical fistula were observed in 7.5% of patients, with no fatality in this series. A delay of >3 days for dental extraction of the involved tooth was associated with an increased rate of mediastinitis (n=3, 100%, p= 0.022), number of surgical interventions (1.45 ± 0.61, p= 0.006), ICU stay (n=8, 40%, p= 0.019), and ICU length of stay (0.85 ± 0.8, p= 0.001). Expedited management with surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotic treatment, along with early extraction of the involved tooth, is mandatory.

People in prison experience poorer oral health outcomes compared to the general community. The consequences of untreated oral diseases are severe, debilitating and are closely linked to non-communicable diseases. Early detection of oral diseases is essential as most are largely preventable. Dental professionals are often unevenly distributed in prisons and access for people in prison can be limited. In 2018, dental conditions were the most common reason (70%) for individuals initiating a clinic visit in Australian prisons. Non-dental health professionals are well placed to integrate oral health promotion into routine health care to prevent oral disease and potentially life-threatening systemic conditions. Globally, limited evidence exists on the preventative or early intervention role of non-dental health professionals in providing oral health promotion among people in prison.

Dental caries remains one of the most common diseases of young children to these days. With untimely treatment of caries, it may form foci of chronic odontogenic infection, which in turn may serve as a source of sensitization of the body and can affect the course of many diseases of internal organs and systems. The study of the prevalence of caries among adolescents reveals the causes, conditions and mechanisms of its development and allows to use this data to reduce the incidence of caries and to improve the health of adolescents. It also provides an opportunity to develop a set of tools and measures, as well as a system for organizing preventive care for young children ., Кариес может возникнуть у любого возраста, но наиболее часто поражает детей и молодых людей. По данным Национального института здоровья США, кариес является самым распространенным хроническим заболеванием детей. Если вовремя не лечить кариес, хронические одонтогенные инфекции, служащие источником сенсибилизации организма, влияют на развитие многих заболеваний внутренних органов и систем. Изучение распространенности кариеса среди подростков позволяет выявить причины, условия и механизмы его развития и использовать эти данные для снижения заболеваемости кариесом и улучшения здоровья подростков. Также даст возможность разработать комплекс средств и мероприятий, а также систему организации профилактической помощи детям подросткового возраста .

Halitosis is a common oral health problem that significantly impacts the quality of life of the affected individuals. In most cases, poor oral hygiene is responsible for the problem. Orthodontic therapy aims to correct malocclusion using different devices. It has been suggested that orthodontic treatment can promote gingival health by facilitating daily oral hygiene measures. However, the treatment may harm gingival health as these appliances may lead to a more significant accumulation of plaque, increasing the microbial load in the subgingival environment leading to halitosis.The primary goal of this survey is to assess the prevalence of self-perceived halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.An online questionnaire was randomly distributed to patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. A total of 289 subjects completed the questionnaire. It included questions about: demographic data, medical history, social habits, past dental treatment and oral hygiene habits. Descriptive statistics as frequency distributions and percentages were calculated for the study variables.The prevalence of self-perceived halitosis was 41.5%. The majority of the participants started to notice this problem during and after orthodontic treatment (62.5%). A statistically significant correlation was found between the regular dental visits and halitosis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (p-value = 0.010). Also, those patients had a substantial increase in tongue coating formation (p- value = 0.010).Self-perceived halitosis is a common problem in patients receiving orthodontic treatment.