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Masyarakat Kampung Nelayan Seberang Belawan sudah ada sejak 1957. Sejumlah nelayan awalnya menjadikan pinggiran hutan mangrove di Pesisir Belawan sebagai tempat singgah sementara selama melaut, namun seiring waktu kini berkembang menjadi perkampungan nelayan. Kehidupan nelayan pesisir masih sangat tradisonal dan cenderung marginal dari kegiatan pembangunan. Mereka mengandalkan penghidupan dari hasil tangkapan laut seperti ikan, kepiting dan udang. Keberadaan hutan mangrove yang berstatus hutan lindung dan hutan produksi terbatas di sekitar perkampungan nelayan belum banyak berdampak terhadap kesejahteraan. Bahkan di tahun 2000an banyak yang memanfaatkan mangrove secara illegal untuk dibuat menjadi arang, sehingga menurunkan produktivitas tangkapan laut serta mengancam kelestarian lingkungan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan konsep Desa Binaan USU di Pesisir Belawan ini dirancang dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan nelayan melalui pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan ekowisata hutan mangrove berbasis ekonomi masyarakat. Metoda yang digunakan LPPM USU yaitu memfasilitasi pembentukan kelembagaan wisata dengan pola kemitraan nelayan dan Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sumatera Utara serta pelatihan pengelolaan ekowisata. Analisis potensi wisata menunjukkan hutan mangrove sangat terbuka untuk dikembangkan menjadi ekowisata di Pesisir Belawan. Pengelolaan ekowisata diharapkan menjadi pintu akses masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan hutan mangrove secara legal serta adanya alternatif penghidupan yang berkelanjutan.

Dersita, Rambey R, Muhtadi A, Onrizal O, Mamurung VR, Hasibuan JS, Tamba IS. 2022. Biodiversity of nekton in the Barumun Watershed, Labuhanbatu District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2426-2432. Biodiversity is a very valuable source of germplasm for science and sustainable development. Therefore, research on freshwater biodiversity is very important to support the sustainability of this development. The research investigated three rivers in South Labuhanbatu District, North Sumatra, Indonesia: Barumun, Tasik, and Titi Kembar rivers. This investigation aims to ascertain the composition, distribution, and variety of nekton. From April to August 2020, the trial lasted five months. Nekton samples were collected with the aid of nets and fishing nets. While installed in the afternoon, the nets are removed the following day. Additionally, at each observation point, stocking nets were operated three times. The investigation discovered 38 fish species and one shrimp species. Two species of fish discovered, are protected by the government of the Republic of Indonesia. Both fish species are Tenualosa terubuk, a fish with little protection, and Fluvitrygon signifer, a ray fish with complete protection. The study site's sole shrimp species was the gigantic prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the Barumun river. The index of nekton diversity discovered in the three rivers was not identical. Compared to other rivers, the Tasik river station has a high diversity. This makes the Tasik river rich in fish compared to the Barumun and Titi Kembar rivers. The Tasik river is recommended as water suitable for fish life from these results.

Rambey R, Susilowati A, Rangkuti AB, Onrizal O, Desrita, Ardhi R, Hartanto A. 2021. Plant diversity, structure and composition of vegetation around Barumun Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3250-3256. Watershed ecosystem plays an important role in water and soil conservation which is supported by vegetation around watershed. As such, vegetation analysis is beneficial to assess the current state of watershed vegetation and monitor future changes. Barumun Watershed, located in South Labuhanbatu District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, is under threat due to habitat degradation and land conversion for plantation and agriculture. This research aimed to investigate the diversity, structure and composition of vegetation in the Barumun River including its smaller streams (rivulets). Data were collected using a combination of line transect and quadratic plots arranged systematically. The total observation plots were 48 plots, consisting of 24 plots in Barumun River, 12 plots in Tasik Rivulet and 12 plots in Titi Kembar Rivulet. The results documented a total of 51 plants in the studied sites in Barumun Watershed in which 37 species were found in Barumun River, 20 species in Tasik Rivulet and 17 species in the Titi Kembar Rivulet. Plant species consisted of several habitus including herbs, palms, shrubs, climbers and trees. The trees consisted of 22 species (43.13%), herbs 22 species (43.13%), climbers 3 species (5.88%), shrubs two species (3.92%), and palm two species (3.92%). The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) for tree community was recorded in the Barumun River from Hevea brasiliensis (108.28), followed by Cryptocarya sp. (123.24) in the Titi Kembar Rivulet. In addition, the highest IVI for pole, sapling, seedling, and shrub was recorded from Muntingia calabura (Barumun River), Nauclea orientalis (Tasik Rivulet), Psychotria viridiflora (Tasik Rivulet), and Calamus axillaris (Titi Kembar Rivulet), respectively. The plant diversity in Barumun Watershed was categorized from low to moderate level of richness.

Sampai saat ini upaya penangkaran trenggiling (Manis javanica) sangat terbatas, padahal ancaman kepunangan sangat tinggi akibat perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal serta kerusakan habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi penangkaran trenggiling dalam upaya mempelajari perilaku trenggiling di penangkaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara penangkaran di kandang satwa liar yang dimodifikasi, diberikan pakan dan dicatat perilakunya. Trenggiling yang ditangkarkan berasal dari hasil sitaan dari masyarakat dan penyerahan Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (BBKSDA) Sumatera Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa trenggiling merupakan (a) satwa yang sulit beradaptasi dengan lingkungan baru, (b) satwa yang memiliki tingkat stress yang tinggi apabila berdekatan dengan manusia, (c) satwa sangat rentan terhadap penyakit, terutama flu pada lingkungan yang baru, (d) satwa yang menyukai sarang semut dari alam untuk konsumsinya dibandingkan dengan kroto atau lainnya. Oleh karena itu, untuk membudidayakan trenggiling di penangkaran diperlukan (a) bibit yang berasal dari kondisi fisik habitat yang sama, (b) pemeliharaan kesehatan harus intensif, (c) kandang menggunakan tembok dan pagar besi dengan lantai tanah dan (d) ketersediaan air yang cukup serta (e) pemberian pakan pada tahap pemeliharaan awal (1-2 bulan) sebaiknya menggunakan sarang semut yang diambil dari alam. The efforts of capturing pangolin (Manis javanica) are very limited so far, even though the threat of extinction is very high due to hunting, illegal trade, and habitat destruction. This study aims to develop a pangolin breeding strategy in an effort to study anteater behavior in captivity. The study was carried out by capturing the cage of modified wildlife, feeding and recording behavior. The anteater that is anchored from confiscated products from the community and the surrender of the Center for Natural Resources Conservation (BBKSDA), North Sumatra. The results showed that anteater was (a) an animal that is difficult to adapt to a new environment, (b) animals that have a high level of stress when close to humans, (c) animals were very susceptible to diseases, especially flu in new environments, (d ) animals that like ant nests from nature to consume compared to others. Therefore, to cultivate anteaters in captivity it is necessary (a) seedlings originating from the same physical condition of habitat, (b) health care must be intensive, (c) cages using iron walls and fences with soil floors and (d) availability of water enough and (e) feeding in the initial maintenance stage (1-2 months) should use ant nests taken from nature.

Hutan mangrove telah diketahui memiliki peran penting sebagai penyangga kehidupan kawasan pantai dan mata rantai penghubung ekosistem daratan dan ekosistem laut. Namun demikian tekanan terhadap lanskap hutan mangrove dirasakan semakin besar tiap tahunnya dalam bentuk deforestasi. Pemanfaatan citra satelit resolusi tinggi dari Google Earth dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan monitoring lanskap hutan mangrove dalam skala yang lebih detail. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi deforestasi serta kesesuaian pola peruntukan ruang pada lanskap hutan mangrove di Percut Sei Tuan pada periode tahun 2011 - 2016. Pendekatan metodelogi yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan post classificaion comparism dengan metode on screen pada citra satelit dari google earth. Hasil penelitian menunjukan besarnya laju deforestasi pada lanskap hutan mangrove sebesar 77,43ha atau sebesar 15,43 ha/tahun. Penggunaan lahan pada lanskap hutan mangrove di Percut Sei Tuan pada tahun 2011 dan 2016 tidak sesuai dengan peruntukan lahan sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Mangrove forests have been known to have an important role as a buffer to the life of coastal areas and links to land ecosystems and marine ecosystems. However, the pressure on the landscape of mangrove forests is greater each year in the form of deforestation. The use of high-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth can be used to monitor the landscape of mangrove forests on a more detailed scale. This study aims to identify deforestation and the suitability of space designation patterns in the mangrove forest landscape in Percut Sei Tuan in the period 2011 - 2016. The methodological approach used is to use post classificaion comparism with on-screen methods on satellite images from Google Earth. The results showed that the rate of deforestation in the mangrove forest landscape was 77.43 ha or 15.43 ha / year. Land use in the mangrove forest landscape in Percut Sei Tuan in 2011 and 2016 is not in accordance with the land allotment as stated in the Deli Serdang Regency Spatial Plan.

Hutan mangrove merupakan sumber daya lahan basah yang berfungsi sebagai penyangga kehidupan. Namun demikian, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, hutan mangrove banyak yang rusak atau hilang, terutama akibat konversi mangrove menjadi lahan tambak. Kegiatan restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak telah mulai dilakukan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pemulihan jenis-jenis mangrove melalui kegiatan restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak serta mengetahui komposisi jenis hutan mangrove hasil restorasi dimaksud di pesisir timur Sumatera Utara. Sebanyak 30 plot contoh yang masing masing berukuran 10 m x 10 m telah dibangun di setiap umur tegakan (5-9 tahun) dan hutan sekunder. Seluruh pohon yang berdiameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm di dalam plot contoh diidentifikasi dan diukur diamaternya. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis mangrove pada seluruh plot contoh atau setara dengan 42,42% dari seluruh jenis tumbuhan mangrove sejati yang terdapat di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, restorasi mangrove mampu memulihkan keanekaragaman jenis mangrove, sehingga restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak perlu dipromosikan dalam upaya mengembalikan berbagai fungsi mangrove bagi ketahanan masyarakat dan sumberdaya pesisir. Mangrove forest is a wetland resource that serves as a buffer zone. However, in the past few decades, many mangrove forests have been damaged or converted, mainly into ponds. To address such a problem, mangrove restoration activities have begun in recent years. This research aims to measure the recovery of mangrove species on ex-pond land and indicate the type of mangrove forest composition through the mangrove restoration activities in North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, with 10 m x 10 m size each, have been built at each stand age (5-9 years) and secondary forests. All trees with a diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot are identified and measured. The results show that overall, there are 14 types of mangroves in all sample plots, equivalent to 42.42% of all pure mangrove species in Indonesia. Therefore, it can be concluded that the activities can restore the diversity of mangrove species, so that needs to be promoted as an effort to restore the various functions of mangroves to resilience the community and coastal resources.

Melia azedarach L. is one of the fast growing spesies which is potential to be develoved in community forest. This species is found to ocuppy most agroforestry lands in Selaawi Village (Garut, West Java). Based on interview with community that there are two types small fruit mindi and big fruit mindi. Microsatelit marker were used to assess the genetic variation. The results showed that the genetic variation of mindi in Selaawi Village was high ranging from He 0,379 – 0,439.

Mangrove forests are important for the productivity of estuary ecosystems, including diversity and population of coastal biota because of their contribution through the fall of litter so that mangroves as the first chain of tropical chains on the coast. Most of marine biota species are thought to be highly dependent on mangrove areas from west to east tropical region. About 70% of fish caught were only found in mangrove forests that were still good. The fish population and species in healthy mangroves were 159-234% and 116-129% greater than mangrove forests that have been degraded, respectively. The loss and degradations of mangroves also causes fishermen income to decrease. Therefore, the healthy mangrove should be maintained with properly management as well as the degraded mangrove should be restored based on scientific basis. Conserving and restoring mangroves are becoming a very productive investment, not only for the present generation, but also for future generations.

Mangrove forests are one of the coastal wetland ecosystems and productive that functions as a buffer of life. However, in the last few decades, mangrove forests continue to be degraded or lost due to various human activities, especially the conversion of mangroves into ponds. Mangrove restoration on abandoned pond land has been carried out in recent years in eastern coast of North Sumatra. This study aimed to determine the diversity and structure of mangrove vegetation resulting from restoration on ex-pond lands on the eastern coast of North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, each measuring 10m x 10 m, have been built at each age of stands from 5 years-old to 9 years-old and secondary forests. All trees with diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot were identified, measured DBH and height. The restored mangroves on the eastern coast of North Sumatra have high regeneration although the diversity was lower than secondary mangroves. A number of mangrove tree species were found growing in restored mangrove even though they were not planted. Therefore, the mangrove restorations have good impact on mangrove conservation. Some efforts to maintain mangrove forests from restoration and secondary forests need to be considered in order to avoid various disturbances.

Mangrove forests are wetland resources in coastal areas that important role in supporting of life. However, in recent decades, many mangrove forests have been degraded or lost, mainly due to the conversion of mangroves into ponds. Mangrove restoration activities on ex-pond lands have begun in recent years on the eastern coast of North Sumatra. This study aimed to measure the recovery of mangrove species through restoration activities on ex-pond lands and to know the composition of the restored mangrove forests at the eastern coast of North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, each plot size of 10m by 10m, have been established at each age of mangrove stands (5-9 years) and secondary forests. All trees with the diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot were identified and measured the DBH. Overall, there were 14 mangrove species in all sample plots, equivalent to 42.42% of all true mangrove plants found in Indonesia. This result indicated that mangrove restoration has succeeded in restoring mangrove species diversity. Therefore, the mangrove restoration on ex-pond land needs to be promoted in an effort to restore various mangrove functions for community and coastal resources resilience.

Aim Large trees (d.b.h. 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that large trees may be vulnerable to changing climate, poten- tially leading to declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of large trees and forest biomass at continental and pan-tropical scales. Location Pan-tropical.

Ecological studies on mangrove forest in East Coast of North Sumatra have been carried out with field work in transect method and laboratory analyses. This study would be covered on floristic composition, abrasion, green belt, soil properties, and water quality of mangroves. Land system map and landsat TM imagery (year 1996 coverage) as main material in this study were used and overlay to determine training area. Based on vegetation inventory found that 20 mangrove species and by vegetation analyses, we known that Avicennia marina was as dominant tree species of seedling and sapling stage. Tree stage was not found in the area, yet. Environment properties of the mangrove area were suitable for mangrove growth and rehabilitation with the exception of pyrite content in the mangrove soil. Average of mangrove green belt was 25 m with range from 10 to 80 m in KJP (Kajapah) land system and 30 m with range 10 to 50 m in PTG (Putting) land system. Abrasion rate in the area was very high, i.e. 6 m per year in KJP land system, and 10 m per year in PTG land system.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove, abrasion, green belt, soil properties, water quality, North Sumatra

Onrizal, Mansor M. 2015. Status of coastal forests of the Northern Sumatra in 2005 (after 2004's tsunami catastrophe) Biodiversitas 17: 44-54. The first intensive ecological study of coastal vegetation including mangrove, littoral and peat swamp forests after the 2004 tsunami catastrophe in Northern Sumatra was conducted from January to December 2005 where 16 sampling sites along 2960km coastline in Northern Sumatra were selected. In each site, one quadrate of 100 m x 100 m was established and divided into 10 m x 10 m subplots where all standing trees of ≥ 2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified to species level and measured. Overall 54,871 standing trees were recorded in 16 sites comprising 84 species in 65 genera and 37 families. Mangrove trees Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata were widely distributed and are dominant in most of the sampling sites. This indicated that these species have stronger resilient compared to other species. The highest value of Shannon-Wiener index of species and Evenness index of species was 3.03 and 0.85, respectively. It means that some sites were rich in biodiversity which harbors various species of plants. Subsequently, undisturbed coastal forests including mangroves, littoral forests and peat swamp forests characterized by dense stands, mixed species and structures play an important role in coastal protection against tsunami. Therefore, the coastal vegetation is needed to conserve the biodiversity and to maintain the production capacity as part of sustainable and longlasting vegetation bioshield.

The objective of the research was to know species composition and structure of ex-burned heath forest. Field research was carried out from 23 June to 5 July and 10 to 25 September 2004 on the foot-slope of Semujan Hill, Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan. Ten-sample units (SU) with each size 10 x 10 m are placed based on random sampling method. On each SU, trees with diameter  2 cm cm were identified and the diameter (DBH) and height are recorded. Fourteen tree species were found within a 0.1 ha SU, consisting of 12 genus and 8 families. Tree density is exponentially decreased from trees with small diameter to trees with big diameter.Key words: species composition, forest structure, ex-burned heath forest, Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan.