Search

Detailed γ-ray spectroscopy of the exotic neon isotope 28Ne has been performed for the first time using the one-neutron removal reaction from 29Ne on a liquid hydrogen target at 240 MeV/nucleon. Based on an analysis of parallel momentum distributions, a level scheme with spin-parity assignments has been constructed for 28Ne and the negative-parity states are identified for the first time. The measured partial cross sections and momentum distributions reveal a significant intruder p-wave strength providing evidence of the breakdown of the N=20 and N=28 shell gaps. Only a weak, possible f-wave strength was observed to bound final states. Large-scale shell-model calculations with different effective interactions do not reproduce the large p-wave and small f-wave strength observed experimentally, indicating an ongoing challenge for a complete theoretical description of the transition into the island of inversion along the Ne isotopic chain. Detailed $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy of the exotic neon isotope $^{28}$Ne has been performed for the first time using the one-neutron removal reaction from $^{29}$Ne on a liquid hydrogen target at 240~MeV/nucleon. Based on an analysis of parallel momentum distributions, a level scheme with spin-parity assignments has been constructed for $^{28}$Ne and the negative-parity states are identified for the first time. The measured partial cross sections and momentum distributions reveal a significant intruder $p$-wave strength providing evidence of the breakdown of the $N=20$ and $N=28$ shell gaps. Only a weak, possible $f$-wave strength was observed to bound final states. Large-scale shell-model calculations with different effective interactions do not reproduce the large $p$-wave and small $f$-wave strength observed experimentally, indicating an ongoing challenge for a complete theoretical description of the transition into the island of inversion along the Ne isotopic chain.

The one-neutron knockout from 52Ca in inverse kinematics onto a proton target was performed at ∼230 MeV/nucleon combined with prompt γ spectroscopy. Exclusive quasifree scattering cross sections to bound states in 51Ca and the momentum distributions corresponding to the removal of 1f7/2 and 2p3/2 neutrons were measured. The cross sections, interpreted within the distorted-wave impulse approximation reaction framework, are consistent with a shell closure at the neutron number N=32, found as strong as at N=28 and N=34 in Ca isotopes from the same observables. The analysis of the momentum distributions leads to a difference of the root-mean-square radii of the neutron 1f7/2 and 2p3/2 orbitals of 0.61(23) fm, in agreement with the modified-shell-model prediction of 0.7 fm suggesting that the large root-mean-square radius of the 2p3/2 orbital in neutron-rich Ca isotopes is responsible for the unexpected linear increase of the charge radius with the neutron number.

Introduction In this study we characterized disease progression over 48 weeks among boys receiving deflazacort vs prednisone/prednisolone placebo arm treatment in two recent Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) clinical trials. Methods Ambulatory boys with DMD receiving placebo in the phase 3 ataluren (N = 115) and tadalafil (N = 116) trials were included. The trials required at least 6 months of prior corticosteroid use and stable baseline dosing. Associations between corticosteroid use and 48‐week changes in ambulatory function were estimated using mixed models. Adjusted differences between corticosteroid groups were pooled in a meta‐analysis. Results In the meta‐analysis, deflazacort‐treated patients vs prednisone/prednisolone‐treated patients experienced, on average, lower declines of 28.3 meters on 6‐minute walk distance (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7, 50.9; 2.9 seconds on rise from supine [95% CI, 0.9, 4.9 seconds]; 2.3 seconds on 4‐stair climb [95% CI, 0.5, 4.1 seconds]; and 2.9 [95% CI, 0.1, 5.8] points on the North Star Ambulatory Assessment linearized score). Discussion Deflazacort‐treated patients experienced significantly lower functional decline over 48 weeks.

The momentum correlation functions of S = -2 baryon pairs (p Xi^- and Lambda Lambda) produced in high-energy pp and pA collisions are investigated on the basis of the coupled-channel formalism. The strong interaction is described by the coupled-channel HAL QCD potential obtained by the lattice QCD simulations near physical quark masses, while the hadronic source function is taken to be a static Gaussian form. The coupled-channel effect, the threshold difference, the realistic strong interaction, and the Coulomb interaction are fully taken into account for the first time in the femtoscopic analysis of baryon-baryon correlations. The characteristic features of the experimental data for the p Xi^- and Lambda Lambda pairs at LHC are reproduced quantitatively with a suitable choice of non-femtoscopic parameters and the source size. The agreement between theory and experiment indicates that the N Xi (Lambda Lambda) interaction is moderately (weakly) attractive without having a quasi-bound (bound) state., 13 pages, 10 figures

16 pags., 9 figs., 5 tabs., A first -ray study of spectroscopy was performed at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory with projectiles at 217 MeV/nucleon, impinging on the liquid hydrogen target of the MINOS device. Prompt deexcitation rays were measured with the NaI(Tl) array DALI2. Through the one-proton knockout reaction , a spin assignment could be determined for the low-lying states of from the momentum distribution obtained with the SAMURAI spectrometer. A spin-parity is deduced for the ground state of , similar to the recently studied isotope . The evolution of the energy difference is compared to state-of-the-art theoretical predictions., We thank the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator staff for their work in the primary beam delivery and the BigRIPS team for preparing the secondary beams. The development of MINOS has been supported by the European Research Council through the ERC Grant No. MINOS258567. B.D.L., L.X.C., and N.D.T. acknowledge support from the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant No. ĐTCB.01/21/VKHKTHN. M.G.R. and A.M.M. are supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (including FEDER funds) under project FIS2017-88410-P. F.B. was supported by the RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program. Y.L.S. acknowledges the support of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCAIF-2015-705023) from the European Union. I.G. has been supported by HIC for FAIR and Croatian Science Foundation. R.-B.G. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Grant No. BL 1513/1-1. K.I.H., D.K., and S.Y.P. acknowledge the support from the IBS grant funded by the Korea government (No. IBS-R031-D1). P.K. was supported in part by the BMBF Grant No. 05P19RDFN1 and HGS-HIRe. D.So. has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund Contract No. GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00034 and the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary via Project No. K128947. This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grants No. JP16H02179, No. JP18H05404, and No. JP20K03981. J.D.H. and R.S. acknowledge the support from NSERC and the National Research Council Canada. This work was supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy, under Grants No. de-sc0018223 (NUCLEI SciDAC-4 collaboration) and the FieldWork Proposal ERKBP72 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility located at ORNL, which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. GGF calculations were performed by using HPC resources from GENCI-TGCC (Contracts No. A007057392 and No. A009057392) and at the DiRAC Complexity system at the University of Leicester (BIS National E-infrastructure capital Grant No. ST/K000373/1 and STFC Grant No. ST/K0003259/1). This work was supported by the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under Grant No. ST/L005816/1 and in part by the NSERC Grants No. SAPIN-2016-00033, No. SAPIN-2018-00027, and No. RGPAS-2018-522453. TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada. J.D.H. thanks S. R. Stroberg for the IMSRG++ code used to perform the VSIMSRG calculations [86]. N.T.T.P. was funded by Vingroup Joint Stock Company and supported by the Domestic Ph.D. Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), Vingroup Big Data Institute (VINBIGDATA), code VINIF.2020.TS.52.

9 pags., 6 figs., 4 tabs., Low-lying excited states in the N=32 isotope Ar50 were investigated by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy following proton- and neutron-knockout, multinucleon removal, and proton inelastic scattering at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The energies of the two previously reported transitions have been confirmed, and five additional states are presented for the first time, including a candidate for a 3- state. The level scheme built using γγ coincidences was compared to shell-model calculations in the sd-pf model space and to ab initio predictions based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions. Theoretical proton- and neutron-knockout cross sections suggest that two of the new transitions correspond to 2+ states, while the previously proposed 41+ state could also correspond to a 2+ state., We thank the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator staff and the BigRIPS team for the stable operation of the high-intensity Zn beam and for the preparation of the secondary beam setting. This work has been supported by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JP16K05352, JP18K03639, JP16H02179, and JP18H05404, the RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program, Colciencias–Convocatoria 617 Becas Doctorados Nacionales, the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam through the Physics Development Program Grant No. ĐTĐLCN.25/18, HIC for FAIR, the Croatian Science Foundation under Projects No. 1257 and No. 7194, the European Regional Development Fund GINOP-2.3.3-15- 2016-00034 and the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund K128947 projects, the NKFIH (128072), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Contract No. FPA2017-84756-C4-2-P, the NRF Grants No. 2018R1A5A1025563 and No. 2019M7A1A1033186 funded by the Korean government, the MEXT as “Priority issue on post-K computer” (Elucidation of the fundamental laws and evolution of the universe), the Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science (JICFuS), the Ramón y Cajal program RYC-2017-22781 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Project-ID 279384907–SFB 1245 and Grant No. BL 1513/1-1, the PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, and the BMBF under Contracts No. 05P15RDFN1, No. 05P18RDFN1, and No. 05P19RDFN1. TRIUMF receives funding via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada. Computations were performed with an allocation of computing resources on Cedar at WestGrid and Compute Canada, and on the Oak Cluster at TRIUMF managed by the University of British Columbia, Department of Advanced Research Computing (ARC). The development of MINOS was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) through Grant No. MINOS-258567.

7 pags., 3 figs., 1 tab., We report on the first γ-ray spectroscopy of K produced via the Ca(p,2p) reactions at ∼250 MeV/nucleon. Unambiguous final-state angular-momentum assignments were achieved for beam intensities down to few particles per second by using a new technique based on reaction vertex tracking combined with a thick liquid-hydrogen target. Through γ-ray spectroscopy and exclusive parallel momentum distribution analysis, 3/2 ground states and 1/2 first excited states in K were established quantifying the natural ordering of the 1d and 2s proton-hole states that are restored at N = 32 and 34. State-of-the-art ab initio calculations and shell-model calculations with improved phenomenological effective interactions reproduce the present data and predict consistently the increase of the E(1/2 ) - E(3/2 ) energy differences towards N = 40., We are very grateful to the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator staff for providing the stable and high-intensity zinc beam and to the BigRIPS team for the smooth operation of the secondary beams. The development of MINOS has been supported by the European Research Council through the ERC Grant No. MINOS-258567. Green's function calculations were performed using HPC resources from GENCI-TGCC, France (Projects A0030507392 and A0050507392) and from the DiRAC Data Intensive service at Leicester, UK (funded by the UK BEIS via STFC capital grants ST/K000373/1 and ST/R002363/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/R001014/1). This work (C. B.) was also supported by the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under Grants No. ST/P005314/1 and No. ST/L005816/1. K. O. acknowledges the support by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JP16K05352. Y. L. S. acknowledges the support of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-705023) from the European Union and the support from the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR. The valuable discussions with C. Qi are gratefully acknowledged. H. N. L. acknowledges the support from the Enhanced Eurotalents program (PCOFUND-GA-2013-600382) co-funded by CEA and the European Union. H. N. L. and A. O. acknowledge the support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Project No. 279384907-SFB 1245. Y. L. S. and A. O. acknowledge the support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. L. X. C. and B. D. L would like to thank MOST for its support through the Physics Development Program Grant No. ĐTĐLCN.25/18. I.G. has been supported by HIC for FAIR and HRZZ under project No. 1257 and 7194. K. I. H., D. K. and S. Y. P. acknowledge the support from the NRF grant funded by the Korea government (No. 2017R1A2B2012382 and 2019M7A1A1033186). F. B. acknowledge the support from the RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program. D.S. was supported by projects No. GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00034 and No. K128947. V. V. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Contract No. FPA2017-84756-C4-2-P. V. W. acknowledges support from BMBF grants 05P15RDFN1, 05P19RDFN1 and DFG grant SFB 1245. P. K. acknowledges support from HGS-HIRe and BMBF grant 05P19RDFN1. This work was also supported by NKFIH (128072).

Low-lying excited states in the $N=32$ isotope $^{50}$Ar were investigated by in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy following proton- and neutron-knockout, multi-nucleon removal, and proton inelastic scattering at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The energies of the two previously reported transitions have been confirmed, and five additional states are presented for the first time, including a candidate for a 3$^-$ state. The level scheme built using $\gamma\gamma$ coincidences was compared to shell-model calculations in the $sd-pf$ model space, and to ab initio predictions based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions. Theoretical proton- and neutron-knockout cross sections suggest that two of the new transitions correspond to $2^+$ states, while the previously proposed $4^+$ state could also correspond to a $2^+$ state., Comment: Accepted for Phys. Rev. C

7 pags., 4 figs., 1 tab., Exclusive cross sections and momentum distributions have been measured for quasifree one-neutron knockout reactions from a Ca54 beam striking on a liquid hydrogen target at ∼200 MeV/u. A significantly larger cross section to the p3/2 state compared to the f5/2 state observed in the excitation of Ca53 provides direct evidence for the nature of the N=34 shell closure. This finding corroborates the arising of a new shell closure in neutron-rich calcium isotopes. The distorted-wave impulse approximation reaction formalism with shell model calculations using the effective GXPF1Bs interaction and ab initio calculations concur our experimental findings. Obtained transverse and parallel momentum distributions demonstrate the sensitivity of quasifree one-neutron knockout in inverse kinematics on a thick liquid hydrogen target with the reaction vertex reconstructed to final state spin-parity assignments., We would like to express our gratitude to the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator staff for providing the stable and high-intensity beam andtotheBigRIPSteam for operatingthe secondary beams. S. C. acknowledges the support of the IPA program at RIKEN Nishina Center. J. L. acknowledges the support from Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong with grant of Early Career Scheme (ECS-27303915). K. O., K. Y., and Y. C. acknowledge the support from Grants-in-Aid of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under Grants No. JP16K05352. Y. L. S. acknowledges the support of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-705023). V. V. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Contract No. FPA2017- 84756-C4-2-P. L. X. C. and B. D. L. would like to thank MOST for its support through the Physics Development Program Grant No. ĐTĐLCN.25/18. D. R. and V. W. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Grant No. SFB1245. V. W. and P. K. acknowledge the German BMBF Grant No. 05P19RDFN1. P. K. was also supported by HGSHIRe. D. S. was supported by Projects No. GINOP-2.3.3- 15-2016-00034 and No. NKFIH-NN114454. I. G. has been supported by HIC for FAIR and Croatian Science Foundation under Projects No. 1257 and No. 7194. K. I. H., D. K., and S. Y. P. acknowledge the support from the NRF grant funded bythe Korea government (No. 2016K1A3A7A09005580 and No. 2018R1A5A1025563). This work was also supported by the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under Grants No. ST/P005314/1 and No. ST/L005816/1, and by NKFIH (128072), and by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. 16H02179, and by MEXT KAKENHI Grant No. 18H05404. The development of MINOS were supported by the European Research Council through the ERC Grant No. MINOS-258567. Green’s function calculations were performed using HPC resources from the DiRAC Data Intensive service at Leicester, UK (funded by the UK BEIS via STFC capital Grants No. ST/K000373/1 and No. ST/R002363/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations Grant No. ST/R001014/1) and from GENCI-TGCC, France (Project No. A0050507392).

Drug development for rare diseases is challenged by small populations and limited data. This makes development of clinical trial protocols difficult and contributes to the uncertainty around whether or not a potential therapy is efficacious. The use of data standards to aggregate data from multiple sources, and the use of such integrated databases to develop statistical models can inform protocol development and reduce the risks in developing new therapies. Achieving regulatory endorsement of such models through defined pathways at the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Authority allows such tools to be used by the drug development community for defined contexts of use without further need for discussion of the underlying model(s). The Duchenne Regulatory Science Consortium (D-RSC) has brought together multiple stakeholders to develop a clinical trial simulation tool for Duchenne muscular dystrophy using such an approach. Here we describe the work of D-RSC as an example of how such an approach may be effective at reducing uncertainty in drug development for rare diseases, and thus bringing effective therapies to patients faster.

14 pags., 11 figs-. 3 tabs., The reduced transition probability B(E2;01+→21+) to the first excited 2+ state of the neutron-rich nucleus Te136, with two protons and two neutrons outside the doubly magic Sn132 core, was measured via Coulomb excitation at relativistic energies at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. A value of B(E2)=0.191(26) e2b2 was extracted from the measured inelastic scattering cross section on an Au target taking into account the contributions from both Coulomb and nuclear excitations. In addition, an upper limit for the transition strength to a 2+ state of mixed-symmetry character in the excitation energy range of 1.5-2.2 MeV was determined and compared to the predictions of various theoretical calculations. Because of the high statistics gathered in the present experiment the error of the deduced B(E2) value is dominated by the systematic uncertainties involved in the analysis of Coulomb excitation experiments at beam energies around 150 MeV/u. Therefore, the latter are for the first time assessed in detail in the present work., We thank Dirk Weisshaar for valuable discussions and the staff of the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator complex for providing high-intensity beams to the experiment. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Contracts No. FPA2014-57196-C5-4-P, No. FPA2017-84756-C4-2-P, and No. FIS2014-53448-C2-1-P.

The nuclear structure of the 76 Ni nucleus was investigated by ( p , 2 p ) reaction using a NaI(Tl) array to detect the deexciting prompt γ rays. A new transition with an energy of 2227 keV was identified by γ γ and γ γ γ coincidences. According to these coincidence spectra the observed transition connects a new state at 4147 keV and the previously known 4+1 state at 1920 keV. Two weaker transitions were also obtained at 2441 and 2838 keV, which could be tentatively placed to feed the known 2+1 state at 990 keV. Our shell-model calculations using the Lenzi, Nowacki, Poves, and Sieja interaction produced good candidates for the experimental proton hole states in the observed energy region, and the theoretical cross sections showed good agreement with the experimental values. Although we could not assign all the experimental states to the theoretical ones unambiguously, the results are consistent with a reasonably large Z=28 shell gap for nickel isotopes in accordance with previous studies.

Despite recent significant developments of Si composites, use of silicon with significance in the anodes for Li-ion batteries is still limited. In fact, nominal energy density is to be saturated around ~750 Wh/L regardless of cell-types under the current material strategies. Use of Si-rich anode can push the limit; however, the prolonged irreversible Li consumption becomes more prominent. We previously showed that repeating c-Li3.75(+{\delta})Si formation/decomposition, typically recognized to degrade the anodes, can improve the irreversibility and accumulatively minimize the gross consumption. Utilizing the insights combined with prelithiation techniques, here we provide prototypic cell designs that can nonlinearly deplete the consumption., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

The pressure behavior of Raman frequencies and line widths of crystalline core-amorphous shell silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with two different core-to-shell ratio thicknesses was studied at pressures up to 8 GPa. The obtained isothermal compressibility (bulk modulus) of SiNWs with a core-to-shell ratio of about 1.8 is ∼20% higher (lower) than reported values for bulk Si. For SiNWs with smaller core-to-shell ratios, a plastic deformation of the shell was observed together with a strain relaxation. A significant increase in the full width at half-maximum of the Raman LTO-peak due to phonon decay was used to determine the critical pressure at which LTO-phonons decay into LO + TA phonons. Our results reveal that this critical pressure in strained core-shell SiNWs (∼4 GPa) is different from the reported value for bulk Si (∼7 GPa), whereas no change is observed for relaxed core-shell SiNWs. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

We have measured 16O(p,d) reaction using 198-, 295- and 392-MeV proton beams to search for a direct evidence on the effect of the tensor interactions in light nucleus. Differential cross sections of the one-neutron transfer reactions populating the ground states and several low-lying excited states in 15O were measured. Comparing the ratios of the cross sections for each excited state to the one for the ground state over a wide range of momentum transfer, we found a marked enhancement for the positive-parity state(s). The observation indicates large components of high-momentum neutrons in the initial ground-state configurations, due possibly to the tensor interactions., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a pleiotropic disorder with 14 BBS genes identified. BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS8, and BBS9 form a complex called the BBSome, which is believed to recruit Rab8(GTP) to the primary cilium and promote ciliogenesis. The second group, the chaperonin-like proteins BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12, have been defined as a vertebrate-specific branch of the type II chaperonin superfamily. These may play a role in the regulation of BBSome assembly.

Crematogaster (Physocrema) bakeri Menozzi Crematogaster (Physocrema) bakeri Menozzi, 1925: 447, fig. 6, worker from PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Davao (6947) (probably in IEGG). [not seen] Remarks. We have not been able to examine type-material of C. (P.) bakeri. From the original description and figure, this species is close to C. (P.) inflata, C. (P.) onusta and C. (P.) physothorax. But it is impossible to isolate C. (P.) bakeri from those species on the basis of the original description. It lacks the detailed description of the clypeus and promesonotum for separating the similar species. The taxonomic status of this species will remain uncertain until type-material can be examined., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo & Ogata, Kazuo, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186855, {"references":["Menozzi, C. (1925) Nouvelles fourmis des Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 28, 439 - 449."]}

The subgenus Physocrema Forel Physocrema Forel, 1912: 220 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogaster inflata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler 1913: 82. Physocrema as genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Physocrema as junior synonym of Crematogaster: Brown, 1973: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D. R. 1979: 1376; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13. Physocrema as subgenus of Crematogaster: Forel, 1912: 220; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922: 139; Wheeler,W. M. 1922: 662; subsequent authors except those above; Bolton, 1995: 42. Diagnosis of worker. Head subquadrate, slightly broader than long, with weakly concave posterior margin, angular posterior corners and subparallel sides. Occipital carinae developed. Mandible striate, with four teeth in small workers and five in larger workers, apical and subapical teeth large. Anterior margin of clypeus convex with slightly impressed median portion (Figs 1, 2); anterolateral margins of clypeus protruded anteriorly, resulting in an appearance of the anterolateral and anteromedian margins being at about the same level (Figs 1, 2); posterior margin of clypeus rounded between frontal lobes. Frontal carinae almost parallel. Antennae 11 segmented; antennal club 4-jointed. Compound eyes large but not distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full face view. Pronotum and mesonotum usually without defined suture, rarely promesonotal suture present in large workers. Mesothoracic spiracle reduced to form small pit dorsoventrally. Variable extent of posterior mesosoma enlarged and swollen (Figs 3, 4). Metapleural gland opening circular; propodeal spiracle facing posterolaterally (Figs 3, 4). Petiole flattened without node nor subpetiolar process; spiracle situated anteriorly midway between dorsal and ventral margins of petiole in lateral view, directed laterally; in dorsal view, elliptical with convex sides, longer than broad (Fig. 5). Postpetiole without distinctly longitudinal median sulcus, weakly bilobed behind in large workers (Fig. 5); spiracle situated distinctly anteriorly on the lateral surface. Comments. Workers of the subgenus Physocrema can be distinguished from those of all other subgenera of Crematogaster by the features of (1) anteromedian margin of clypeus convex with slightly impressed median portion; (2) anterolateral margins of clypeus produced anteriorly; (3) 4-jointed antennal club (but, 3- jointed in mucronata); (4) propodeum swollen; (5) metapleural gland orifice circular; (6) petiole elliptical; (7) petiole without node-like process posteriorly. The subgenus is unique among Asian Crematogaster ants in having features (4), (5), (6) and (7). The workers of the subgenus Physocrema share features (1), (2), (3) and (7) with the subgenus Paracrema. In Asian Crematogaster specimens examined, the workers of the subgenera Crematogaster, Decacrema, Mesocrema, Oxygyne, Paracrema, Physocrema and Xiphocrema share features (2) and (7). Distribution. Southeast Asia: Vietnam (southern parts), Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar (southeastern parts), Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo), Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Mentawai, Java, Bali, Lombok, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Timor), Philippines (Fig. 21). Synonymic list of the subgenus Physocrema Forel ampullaris F. Smith, 1861. aurita Karavajew, 1935. bakeri Menozzi, 1925. difformis F. Smith, 1857. = edentata Mayr, 1867. inflata F. Smith, 1857. = moorei Donisthorpe, 1941. syn. nov. mucronata Emery, 1900. stat. rev. = fulmeki Forel, 1922. syn. nov. onusta Stitz, 1925. physothorax Emery, 1889. sewardi Forel, 1901. tanakai Hosoishi & Ogata, sp. nov. vacca Forel, 1911. stat. nov. = stethogompha stethogompha Wheeler, W. M., 1919. syn. nov. = stethogompha detritinodis Wheeler, W. M., 1919. syn. nov. yamanei Hosoishi & Ogata, sp. nov. Key to species based on the worker caste (except for C. bakeri, which is incertae sedis.) 1 Propodeal spines developed and with pointed apices................................................................................................... 2 - Propodeal spines undeveloped and forming obtuse lobes............................................................................................ 4 2 Antennal club 3-jointed. Pronotum raised steeply toward mesonotum in lateral view................................ mucronata - Antennal club 4-jointed. Pronotum raised moderately toward mesonotum in lateral view.........................................3 3 In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity, propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove deep......................................................................................................................... vacca - In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity, propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove less deep.................................................................................................. yamanei sp. nov. 4 Dorsal median portion of head swollen................................................................................................ tanakai sp. nov. - Dorsal median portion of head not swollen..................................................................................................................5 5 Propodeal spiracle situated near the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them about the same as the propodeal spiracle diameter (Fig. 4)............................................................................................................................. 6 - Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter (Fig. 3)....................................................................................................................... 9 6 Clypeus smooth and shining without longitudinal rugulae (Fig. 1)..................................................................... inflata - Clypeus striated with rugulae (Fig. 2)..........................................................................................................................7 7 Dorsal face of head strongly striated with abundant longitudinal rugulae. Scape not reaching posterior corner of head in large workers. Workers with pronounced size polymorphism.......................................................................... aurita - Dorsal face of head not strongly striated with longitudinal rugulae. Scape reaching posterior corner of head. Workers monomorphic in size..................................................................................................................................................... 8 8 The posterior portion of pronotum with transverse rugulae in dorsal view (Fig. 6).................................. physothorax - The posterior portion of pronotum without distinct rugulae in dorsal view (Fig. 7).......................................... onusta 9 Dorsal setae on posterior portion of fourth abdominal tergite directed medially (Fig. 8)................................ difformis - Dorsal setae on fourth abdominal tergite directed posteriorly (Fig. 9).......................................................................10 10 In lateral view, dorsal profile of promesonotum convex, propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove very deep................................................................................................................................ sewardi - In lateral view, dorsal profile of promesonotum convex, propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove not so deep in dorsal median portion................................................................................ ampullaris Species accounts, Published as part of Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on pages 17-19

Crematogaster (Physocrema) yamanei Hosoishi & Ogata, sp. nov. (Fig. 20, 32) HOLOTYPE worker from INDONESIA: Parapat (900m alt), Danau Toba, N. Sumatra, 19. viii. 2002 (SU02- SKY-66) (Sk Yamane) (MZB). Paratypes. 12 workers, same data as holotype (BMNH, KUM, MCSN, MCZC, MHNG, NHMB). Measurements and indices. HW 1.15-1.7; HL 1.03-1.45; CI 112-118; SL 0.93-1.1; SI 65-81; EL 0.2-0.28; PW 0.63-0.9; WL 1.26-1.78; PSL 0.15-0.18; PtL 0.41-0.55; PtW 0.36-0.5; PtH 0.23-0.28; PpL 0.22-0.33; PpW 0.31-0.48; PtHI 50-57; PtWI 90-96; PpWI 143-146; WI 85-95 (Three workers measured). Description of worker. Workers with pronounced size polymorphism. Scape reaching posterior corner of the head in large workers. In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity; propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum. Anterior margin of pronotal collar slightly concave in dorsal view. Metanotal groove not convex posteriorly in dorsal view, not very deep and situated posterior to the posterior ridge of pronotum in lateral view; thorax not strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, many longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; but the boundary distinct. Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines present. Postpetiole slightly bilobed behind without longitudinal median sulcus. Clypeus sculptured with longitudinal rugulae. Longitudinal rugulae on dorsal face of head, pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum. Standing pilosity sparse on dorsal face of head and mesosoma. Dorsal face of head with appressed setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with some erect setae and abundant appressed setae. Body color black. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality in Sumatra (Fig. 32). Remarks. This species is very similar to C. (P.) vacca. It differs in the reticulate rugulae on the head and promesonotum, and the relative depth of the metanotal groove. Species excluded from the subgenus Physocrema, Published as part of Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on page 33

Crematogaster (Physocrema) mucronata Emery stat. rev. (Figs 14, 26) Crematogaster deformis var. mucronata Emery, 1900: 690. Holotype worker from INDONESIA: Pangherang-Pisang, Sumatra (E. Modigliani) (MCSN) [examined]. Combination in C. (Physocrema) and raised to species by Emery, 1922: 140; Donisthorpe, 1941: 226. Crematogaster (Physocrema) fulmeki Forel, 1922: 95. LECTOTYPE worker (MHNG worker) (by present designation) and two paralectotype workers from INDONESIA: Sumatra (L. Fulmeki) (MCSN, MHNG) [examined]. See also Santschi, 1928: 127. Syn. nov. Measurements and indices. HW 0.96-1.00; HL 0.92-0.97; CI 103-104; SL 0.68-0.69; SI 68-72; EL 0.16-0.19; PW 0.57-0.65; WL 1.03-1.09; PSL 0.10-0.12; PtL 0.28-0.32; PtW 0.22-0.24; PtH 0.16-0.19; PpL 0.19-0.20; PpW 0.26-0.28; PtHI 53-62; PtWI 70-76; PpWI 127-140; WI 117-119 (Three workers measured). Description of worker. Workers monomorphic in size. Scape not reaching posterior corner of head. In lateral view, pronotum rises steeply; pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity; propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum. Anterior margin of pronotal collar not concave in dorsal view. Metanotal groove convex posteriorly in dorsal view, deep; thorax strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, no longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; the boundary distinct. Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines present. In dorsal view, petiole subquadrate with subparallel sides, longer than broad. Postpetiole weakly bilobed but longitudinal median sulcus distinctly undeveloped, posterior corners acute. Clypeus smooth and shining without distinct rugulae. Integument smooth. Standing pilosity sparse, some pairs on dorsal face of head and many on dorsal portion of pronotum. Dorsal face of head with decumbent setae. Clypeus with long and short setae. Mesosoma with abundant setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with abundant appressed long setae. Body color rufous to brown. FIGURES 10-17. Physocrema species in lateral view. Scale bars are all 0.5mm. 10- C. (P.) ampullaris, [Sampulage (1000m), nr Mangktana, S. Sulawesi]; 11- C. (P.) aurita, [Maeklong Watershed Research Station, Kanchanaburi Prov.]; 12- C. (P.) difformis, [Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, Borneo]; 13- C. (P.) inflata, [Ulu Gombak, Malay Peninsula]; 14- C. (P.) mucronata, [Satar's House, Ulu Gadut, nr Padang, Sumatra]; 15- C. (P.) onusta, [Barito Ulu 150m alt., Kalimantanm]; 16- C. (P.) physothorax, [Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Forest, Malay Peninsula]; 17- C. (P.) sewardi, [7miles, Cameron Highland, Malay Peninsula]. Distribution. This species is known from Sumatra (Fig. 26). Remarks. This species is uniquely characterized by the combination of (1) 3-jointed antennal club; (2) steeply raised pronotum; (3) developed propodeal spines; (4) moderately swollen propodeum; and (5) processes of the posterior corners of the petiole in dorsal view. In the future, this species may be referred to another subgenus by these unique characters. Specimens examined. INDONESIA: 2 workers, Satar's House, Ulu Gadut, nr Padang, Sumatra, 15-16. viii. 1989 (E. Suzuki); 4 workers, Lubuk Gadang, Sumatra, 21-23. viii. 1985 (Sk. Yamane)., Published as part of Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on pages 24-26

Crematogaster (Physocrema) vacca Forel, stat. nov. (Fig. 19, 31) Crematogaster deformis vacca Forel, 1911: 384. LECTOTYPE worker (by present designation) from MALAYSIA: Berhentian Tingi, Nigri Sembilan, Malacca (R. Martin) (MHNG) [examined]. Combination in C. (Physocrema) by Emery, 1922: 140. Crematogaster (Physocrema) stethogompha Wheeler, W. M., 1919: 75. LECTOTYPE worker (by present designation) and paralectotype workers from MALAYSIA: Kuching, Borneo, No. 8948 (H. Smith) (MCZC). [examined]. Syn. nov. Crematogaster (Physocrema) stethogompha var. detritinodis Wheeler, W. M., 1919: 77. Syntype worker from MALAYSIA: Kuching, Borneo, No. 20820 (H. Smith) (MCZC). [examined]. Syn. nov. Measurements and indices. HW 1.09-1.62; HL 1.03-1.46; CI 106-111; SL 0.91-1.14; SI 70-83; EL 0.20-0.26; PW 0.64-0.84; WL 1.32-1.76; PSL 0.16-0.18; PtL 0.41-0.54; PtW 0.37-0.42; PtH 0.23-0.30; PpL 0.23-0.30; PpW 0.30-0.42; PtHI 56-57; PtWI 78-90; PpWI 129-140; WI 81-100 (Three workers measured). Description of worker. Workers with pronounced size polymorphism. Scape not reaching posterior corner of head in large workers. In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity; propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum. Anterior margin of pronotal collar slightly concave in dorsal view. Metanotal groove convex posteriorly in dorsal view, deep and situated posteriorly to the posterior ridge of pronotum in lateral view; thorax not strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, many longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; but the boundary distinct. Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines present. Postpetiole slightly bilobed behind without longitudinal median sulcus. Clypeus sculptured with longitudinal rugulae. Reticulate rugulae on dorsal face of head, pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum. Standing pilosity sparse on dorsal face of head and mesosoma. Dorsal face of head with appressed setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with a few erect setae and abundant appressed setae. Body color dark brown to black. Distribution. This species is known from Malay Peninsula and Borneo (Fig. 31). Remarks. The name on the labels of the type specimen," Crematogaster stethogompha laevinodis " does not correspond to the name " Crematogaster stethogompha detritinodis " used in Wheeler's description. He presumably changed the name between the time the labels were prepared and the manuscript submitted. This species is easily distinguished from difformis and its subspecies by the well developed propodeal spines. We treated it as a distinct species. Specimens examined. MALAYSIA: 3 workers, Pasoh Forest Research Center, Negeri Sembilan, xi. 1994 (fog sample, M. Brendell, K. Jackson and S. Lewis); 1 worker, Old Tower R., Lambir N.P., Miri, Sarawak, 20. i. 1993 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, Old Tower R., Lambir N.P., Miri, Sarawak, 22. i. 1993 (Sk. Yamane)., Published as part of Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on page 30

Crematogaster (Physocrema) difformis F. Smith (Figs 8, 12, 24) Crematogaster difformis F. Smith 1857: 76. LECTOTYPE worker (large worker from SINGAPORE, TYPE HYM: 1017 1-2 / 6) (by present designation) and five paralectotype workers: one paralectotype worker from SINGAPORE; four paralectotype workers from MALAYSIA: Sarawak, Borneo (OXUM) [examined]. Misspelled deformis by Roger. 1863: 37. Description of queen by Emery, 1901: 574. Description of male by Forel, 1909: 225. Combination in C. (Physocrema) by Forel, 1912: 220. Description of larva by Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. 1952: 261. Senior synonym of edentata by Emery, 1901: 574. Crematogaster edentata Mayr, 1867: 104. Holotype queen from INDONESIA: Java [not seen; location of type not known]. [junior synonym of difformis by Emery, 1901: 574]. Measurements and indices. HW 0.88���1.5; HL 0.84���1.34; CI 105���112; SL 0.74���1.06; SI 71���85; EL 0.15���0.28; PW 0.46���0.82; WL 1.01���1.74; PSL 0; PtL 0.26���0.48; PtW 0.19���0.4; PtH 0.15���0.26; PpL 0.16���0.28; PpW 0.2���0.4; PtHI 54���65; PtWI 74���95; PpWI 121���143; WI 90���107 (Three workers measured). Description of worker. Workers with pronounced size polymorphism. Scape just or not reaching posterior corner of head in large workers. Anterior-most portions of clypeus distinctly protruded anteriorly in large workers. In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity; propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum. Anterior margin of pronotal collar slightly concave in dorsal view. Promesonotal suture sometimes visible in large workers. Metanotal groove convex posteriorly in dorsal view, deep and situated posteriorly to the posterior ridge of pronotum in lateral view; thorax strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, some longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; the boundary distinct. Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines absent. Clypeus sculptured with longitudinal rugulae. Standing pilosity sparse on dorsal face of head, abundant on promesonotum. Dorsal face of head with decumbent setae. Clypeus with short setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with appressed setae. Dorsal setae on fourth abdominal tergite appressed and directed medially in the posterior portion. Body color black. Distribution. This species is known from Malay Peninsula and Borneo (Fig. 24). Remarks. We have not been able to examine type-material of C. edentata Mayr. Although Emery synomymised it with C. (P.) difformis, it is impossible to clarify the synonymy from the original description and figure. This species is similar to C. (P.) ampullaris and C. (P.) sewardi, but can be distinguished by the medially directed setae on the posterior portion of the fourth abdominal tergite. Specimens examined. MALAYSIA: 1 worker, 1 male, 1 queen, Tower Region, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sawarak, 17. viii. 1995 (T. Yumoto); 7 workers, Tower Region, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, 1 male, 1 queen, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, Borneo, 28. ix. 2005 (from epiphyte Coronarium sp.) (H. Tanaka); 2 workers, Gn. Mulu NP., 4 th Division, Sarawak, ii. 1978 (light trap) (G. H o l l o w a y); 10 workers, 2 males, 1 queen, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, Borneo, 28. ix. 2005 (from Platycerium sp.) (H. Tanaka); 5 workers, 1 male, 1 queen, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, Borneo, 18. ix. 2005 (from Platycerium sp.) (H. Tanaka); 6 workers, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, Borneo, 18. ix. 2005 (from Lecanopteris sp.) (H. Tanaka); BRUNEI: 1 worker, Mixed Dipt. For., Dryobalanops beccarii, Site 7. 50m alt., Fog 11, Andalau, viii. 1991 (N. Mawdsley)., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo & Ogata, Kazuo, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186855, {"references":["Smith, F. (1857) Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2, 42 - 88.","Roger, J. (1863) Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7 (Beilage), 1 - 65.","Emery, C. (1901) Formiciden von Celebes. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 14, 565 - 580.","Forel, A. (1909) Ameisen aus Java und Krakatau beobachtet und gesammelt von Herrn Edward Jacobson. 1. Systematischen Thiel. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 221 - 232.","Forel, A. (1912) Formicides Neotropiques. Part 3. 3 me sous-famille Myrmicinae (suite). Genres Cremastogaster et Pheidole. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 19, 211 - 237.","Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1952) The ant larvae of the myrmicine tribe Crematogastrini. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 42, 248 - 262.","Mayr, G. (1867) Adnotationes in monographiam formicidarum Indo-Neer-landicarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, (2) 2 [10], 33 - 117."]}

The subgenus Physocrema Forel Physocrema Forel, 1912: 220 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogaster inflata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler 1913: 82. Physocrema as genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Physocrema as junior synonym of Crematogaster: Brown, 1973: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D. R. 1979: 1376; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13. Physocrema as subgenus of Crematogaster: Forel, 1912: 220; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922: 139; Wheeler,W. M. 1922: 662; subsequent authors except those above; Bolton, 1995: 42. Diagnosis of worker. Head subquadrate, slightly broader than long, with weakly concave posterior margin, angular posterior corners and subparallel sides. Occipital carinae developed. Mandible striate, with four teeth in small workers and five in larger workers, apical and subapical teeth large. Anterior margin of clypeus convex with slightly impressed median portion (Figs 1, 2); anterolateral margins of clypeus protruded anteriorly, resulting in an appearance of the anterolateral and anteromedian margins being at about the same level (Figs 1, 2); posterior margin of clypeus rounded between frontal lobes. Frontal carinae almost parallel. Antennae 11 segmented; antennal club 4-jointed. Compound eyes large but not distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full face view. Pronotum and mesonotum usually without defined suture, rarely promesonotal suture present in large workers. Mesothoracic spiracle reduced to form small pit dorsoventrally. Variable extent of posterior mesosoma enlarged and swollen (Figs 3, 4). Metapleural gland opening circular; propodeal spiracle facing posterolaterally (Figs 3, 4). Petiole flattened without node nor subpetiolar process; spiracle situated anteriorly midway between dorsal and ventral margins of petiole in lateral view, directed laterally; in dorsal view, elliptical with convex sides, longer than broad (Fig. 5). Postpetiole without distinctly longitudinal median sulcus, weakly bilobed behind in large workers (Fig. 5); spiracle situated distinctly anteriorly on the lateral surface. Comments. Workers of the subgenus Physocrema can be distinguished from those of all other subgenera of Crematogaster by the features of (1) anteromedian margin of clypeus convex with slightly impressed median portion; (2) anterolateral margins of clypeus produced anteriorly; (3) 4-jointed antennal club (but, 3- jointed in mucronata); (4) propodeum swollen; (5) metapleural gland orifice circular; (6) petiole elliptical; (7) petiole without node-like process posteriorly. The subgenus is unique among Asian Crematogaster ants in having features (4), (5), (6) and (7). The workers of the subgenus Physocrema share features (1), (2), (3) and (7) with the subgenus Paracrema. In Asian Crematogaster specimens examined, the workers of the subgenera Crematogaster, Decacrema, Mesocrema, Oxygyne, Paracrema, Physocrema and Xiphocrema share features (2) and (7). Distribution. Southeast Asia: Vietnam (southern parts), Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar (southeastern parts), Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo), Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Mentawai, Java, Bali, Lombok, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Timor), Philippines (Fig. 21). Synonymic list of the subgenus Physocrema Forel ampullaris F. Smith, 1861. aurita Karavajew, 1935. bakeri Menozzi, 1925. difformis F. Smith, 1857. = edentata Mayr, 1867. inflata F. Smith, 1857. = moorei Donisthorpe, 1941. syn. nov. mucronata Emery, 1900. stat. rev. = fulmeki Forel, 1922. syn. nov. onusta Stitz, 1925. physothorax Emery, 1889. sewardi Forel, 1901. tanakai Hosoishi & Ogata, sp. nov. vacca Forel, 1911. stat. nov. = stethogompha stethogompha Wheeler, W. M., 1919. syn. nov. = stethogompha detritinodis Wheeler, W. M., 1919. syn. nov. yamanei Hosoishi & Ogata, sp. nov. Key to species based on the worker caste (except for C. bakeri, which is incertae sedis.) 1 Propodeal spines developed and with pointed apices................................................................................................... 2 - Propodeal spines undeveloped and forming obtuse lobes............................................................................................ 4 2 Antennal club 3-jointed. Pronotum raised steeply toward mesonotum in lateral view................................ mucronata - Antennal club 4-jointed. Pronotum raised moderately toward mesonotum in lateral view.........................................3 3 In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity, propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove deep......................................................................................................................... vacca - In lateral view, pronotum and mesonotum forming a single convexity, propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove less deep.................................................................................................. yamanei sp. nov. 4 Dorsal median portion of head swollen................................................................................................ tanakai sp. nov. - Dorsal median portion of head not swollen..................................................................................................................5 5 Propodeal spiracle situated near the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them about the same as the propodeal spiracle diameter (Fig. 4)............................................................................................................................. 6 - Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter (Fig. 3)....................................................................................................................... 9 6 Clypeus smooth and shining without longitudinal rugulae (Fig. 1)..................................................................... inflata - Clypeus striated with rugulae (Fig. 2)..........................................................................................................................7 7 Dorsal face of head strongly striated with abundant longitudinal rugulae. Scape not reaching posterior corner of head in large workers. Workers with pronounced size polymorphism.......................................................................... aurita - Dorsal face of head not strongly striated with longitudinal rugulae. Scape reaching posterior corner of head. Workers monomorphic in size..................................................................................................................................................... 8 8 The posterior portion of pronotum with transverse rugulae in dorsal view (Fig. 6).................................. physothorax - The posterior portion of pronotum without distinct rugulae in dorsal view (Fig. 7).......................................... onusta 9 Dorsal setae on posterior portion of fourth abdominal tergite directed medially (Fig. 8)................................ difformis - Dorsal setae on fourth abdominal tergite directed posteriorly (Fig. 9).......................................................................10 10 In lateral view, dorsal profile of promesonotum convex, propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove very deep................................................................................................................................ sewardi - In lateral view, dorsal profile of promesonotum convex, propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum, metanotal groove not so deep in dorsal median portion................................................................................ ampullaris Species accounts

Crematogaster (Physocrema) tanakai Hosoishi & Ogata sp. nov. (Fig. 18, 30) HOLOTYPE worker from MALAYSIA: Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, Borneo, 28. ix. 2005 (H. Tanaka) from the epiphyte Platycerium sp. (FRC). Paratypes. 1 male, same data as holotype (FRC). Measurements and indices. HW 1.66; HL 1.52; CI 109; SL 0.98; SI 59; EL 0.26; PW 0.74; WL 1.42; PSL 0; PtL 0.4; PtW 0.34; PtH 0.24; PpL 0.24; PpW 0.34; PtHI 60; PtWI 85; PpWI 142; WI 100 (one worker measured). Description of worker. Scape not reaching posterior corner of head. Dorsal median portion of the head swollen. In lateral view, promesonotum convex; mesonotum differentiated from pronotum; propodeum slightly raised relative to promesonotum. Anterior margin of pronotal collar slightly concave in dorsal view. Promesonotal suture visible. Metanotal groove convex posteriorly in dorsal view, deep and situated posteriorly to the posterior ridge of pronotum in lateral view; thorax strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, some longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; the boundary distinct. Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines absent. Clypeus sculptured with reticulate rugulae. Reticulate rugulae on pronotum and propodeum. Standing pilosity sparse on dorsal face of head, abundant on promesonotum. Dorsal face of head with decumbent setae. Clypeus with short setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with suberect and appressed setae. Dorsal setae on posterior portion of fourth abdominal tergite directed medially. Head red, mesosoma and gaster brown. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality in Borneo (Fig. 30). Remarks. This species is unique among the Asian Crematogaster ants in having a swollen dorsal median portion of the head. This species was collected together with C. (P.) difformis nesting within the epiphyte Platycerium sp., suggesting the possibility that it might be associated with C. (P.) difformis., Published as part of Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on pages 29-30

Crematogaster (Physocrema) inflata F. Smith (Figs 1, 13, 25) Crematogaster inflatus F. Smith 1857: 76. LECTOTYPE worker from SINGAPORE (left OXUM worker of TYPE HYM: 1016 3-4 / 5) (by present designation) and four paralectotype workers: one paralectotype worker from SINGAPORE (OXUM) and three paralectotype workers from MALAYSIA: Sarawak, Borneo (BMNH) [examined]. Combination in C. (Physocrema) by Forel, 1912: 220. Description of queen by Santschi, 1928: 128. Crematogaster (Physocrema) moorei Donisthorpe, 1941: 225. Holotype worker from PHILIPPINES: Bagnio, Luzon, (A. Moore) (BMNH) [examined]. Syn. nov. et al. Measurements and indices. HW 0.86���1.08; HL 0.85���1.05; CI 101���103; SL 0.85���0.96; SI 89���98; EL 0.20���0.22; PW 0.61���0.66; WL 1.18���1.34; PSL 0; PtL 0.32���0.38; PtW 0.23���0.27; PtH 0.16���0.19; PpL 0.18���0.20; PpW 0.24���0.30; PtHI 46���50; PtWI 67���71; PpWI 139���147; WI 106���110 (Three workers measured). Description of worker. Workers polymorphic in size. Scape exceeding posterior corner of head even for large workers. In lateral view, pronotum convex; mesonotum and propodeum forming a single convexity. Anterior margin of pronotal collar distinctly concave in dorsal view. Metanotal groove slightly convex in dorsal median portion, not so deep and situated almost in the same line with the posterior ridge of pronotum in lateral view; thorax not strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, no longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; the boundary distinct except for median portion. Propodeal spiracle situated near the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them about the same as the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines absent. Clypeus smooth and shining without longitudinal rugulae. Integument smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse, some pairs on dorsal face of head and dorsal portion of mesonotum. Dorsal face of head with appressed setae. Clypeus with abundant short and long setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with abundant appressed setae. Body bicolored with head, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole, gaster and legs red-brown and with metanotal and propodeal area yellow. Distribution. This species is a wide-ranging species found from southern Thailand and Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo) to the Philippines (Fig. 25). Remarks. The bicolored pattern of yellow and red-brown is distinctive and unique to this species. This coloration is possibly a model in Batesian mimicry with other arthropods (Maruyama et al. 2003; Ito et al., 2004). Specimens examined. THAILAND: 3 workers, Bala-Hala WS, Narathiwat Prov., 20. x. 2003 (Y. Sittimul). MALAYSIA: 8 workers, Ulu Gombak, Malay Peninsula, 3. xii. 2005 (S. Hosoishi); 1 worker, Mulu (lowland), Sarawak, Borneo, 11. vii. 1993 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, Old Tower R., Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, 25. i. 1993 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, 50 ha Plot, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, 7. i. 1993 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, Tower Reg., Lambir Miri, Sarawak, 3. i. 1998 (Sk. Yamane); 6 workers, nr. waterfall, Lambir N. P., Sarawak, 27. vi. 2004 (SR04-SKY- 17) (Sk Yamane); 2 workers, Semengoh N. P., Sarawak, 18. iv. 1993 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, Gunong Rara Tamau, Sabah, 18. ii. 1997 (K. Eguchi). INDONESIA: 2 workers, Kutai Nat. Park, E. Kalimantan, 3. xii. 1988 (A. Suzuki); 2 workers, Bukit Soehart (UNMUL forest), E. Kalimantan, 12. viii. 1992 (Sk. Yamane)., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo & Ogata, Kazuo, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186855, {"references":["Smith, F. (1857) Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2, 42 - 88.","Forel, A. (1912) Formicides Neotropiques. Part 3. 3 me sous-famille Myrmicinae (suite). Genres Cremastogaster et Pheidole. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 19, 211 - 237.","Santschi, F. (1928) Fourmis de Sumatra, recoltees par Mr. J. B. Corporaal. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 71, 119 - 140.","Donisthorpe, H. (1941) Description of a new species of Crematogaster Lund, subgenus Physocrema Forel, with a list of, and a key to, the known species of the subgenus. Entomologist, 74, 225 - 227.","Maruyama, M., Yek, S-H., Hashim, R. & Ito, F. (2003) A new myrmecophilous species of Drusilla (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Alerocharinae) from peninsular Malaysia: a possible Batesian mimic associated with Crematogaster inflata. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 9, 267 - 275.","Ito, F., Hashim, R., Huei, Y. S., Kaufmann, E., Akino, T. & Billen, J. (2004) Spectacular batesian mimicry in ants. Naturwissenschaften, 91, 481 - 484."]}

Crematogaster (Physocrema) sewardi Forel (Figs 9, 17, 29) Crematogaster deformis r. sewardi Forel, 1901: 64. LECTOTYPE worker (top specimen of two on one pin) (by present designation) and one paralectotype worker and queen from MALAYSIA: Borneo (H. Seward) (MHNG) [examined]. Combination in C. (Physocrema) by Emery, 1922: 140. Raised to species by Hosoishi & Ogata 2008: 7. Measurements and indices. HW 0.85���1.32; HL 0.77���1.22; CI 105���111; SL 0.70���0.96; SI 72���83; EL 0.16���0.24; PW 0.51���0.74; WL 0.96���1.40; PSL 0; PtL 0.28���0.42; PtW 0.21���0.36; PtH 0.15���0.22; PpL 0.19���0.28; PpW 0.23���0.34; PtHI 52���57; PtWI 74���86; PpWI 113���129; WI 94���116 (Three workers measured). Description of worker. Workers with pronounced size polymorphism. Scape not reaching posterior corner of head in large workers. In lateral view, dorsal profile of promesonotum convex; propodeum distinctly raised relative to promesonotum. Anterior margin of pronotal collar slightly concave in dorsal view. Metanotal groove convex posteriorly in dorsal view in large workers, deep and situated posteriorly to the posterior ridge of pronotum in lateral view; thorax strongly constricted in middle in dorsal view. In dorsal view, some longitudinal rugulae connecting between mesonotum and propodeum; the boundary distinct. Propodeal spiracle situated away from the metapleural gland orifice, the distance between them much greater than the propodeal spiracle diameter. Propodeal spines absent. Clypeus sculptured with longitudinal rugulae. Standing pilosity sparse on dorsal face of head, abundant on promesonotum. Dorsal face of head with decumbent setae. Clypeus with short setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with appressed setae. Dorsal setae on fourth abdominal tergite directed posteriorly. Body color black. Distribution. Crematogaster (P.) sewardi is the most wide-ranging species of the subgenus Physocrema (Fig. 29). This species ranges from Thailand to Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo) and to Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Krakatau Island, Java, Bali and Lombok). Remarks. This species is very similar to C. (P.) ampullaris, but can be distinguished by the dorsal outline of the mesosoma and the depth of the metanotal groove. The MHNG syntypes were lighter colored than normal, but otherwise match the characters of the specimens examined. Among the Physocrema species, C. (P.) ampullaris, C. (P.) difformis, and C. (P.) sewardi are very similar to each other. Crematogaster (P.) sewardi is widely distributed in South East Asia, but almost all have been referred to as C. (P.) difformis in the past. It is also likely that C. (P.) sewardi has been misidentified as C. (P.) difformis in the literature (Attygalle et al. 1989; Gay & Hensen, 1992; Ito et al. 2001; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005; Jones et al. 2005). Based on the key above, C. (P.) difformis can be easily distinguished from ampullaris and sewardi, but as revealed above, the latter two species are very similar to each other and have been frequently confused. Crematogaster (P.) difformis and C. (P.) sewardi are geographically sympartric in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, whereas C. (P.) ampullaris and C. (P.) sewardi are allopatric. Crematogaster (P.) ampullaris is found in Sulawesi, Timor and Philippines, and C. (P.) sewardi in Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Krakatau Island, Java, Bali and Lombok. The slight morphological differences and allopatric distribution may imply that the two species are relatively new taxa. Specimens examined. THAILAND: 6 workers, Sakaerat lowland forest (DEF), Nakornratchasima, 10. vii. 1999 (Sk. Yamane); 6 workers, Nam Tok Philio NP (300���500m alt.), Chanthaburi Prov., 22. xi. 2003 (Sk. Yamane); 4 workers, Khao Soi Dao, W. S., Chanthaburi Prov., 19. vii. 1997 (H. Okido); 4 workers, Khao Soi Dao, W. S., Chanthaburi Prov., 19. vii. 1997 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, Khao Chong (river side), Trang Prov., 24. viii. 1998 (Sk. Yamane) MALAYSIA: 11 workers, 7miles, Cameron Highland, 9. iii. 2005 (S. Hosoishi); 4 workers, 7miles, Cameron Highland, 12. iii. 2005 (S. Hosoishi); 3 workers, Poring, Kinabalu (HQ, 550m), Sabah, 17. iii. 1995 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 22. vii. 1996 (K. Eguchi). SINGAPORE: 3 workers, 4. xii. 1995 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, 23. vii. 1996 (Sk. Yamane); BRUNEI: 2 workers, Mixed Dipt. For., Dryobalanops beccarii, Site 7. 50m alt., Fog 11, Andalau, viii. 1991 (N. Mawdsley); INDONESIA: 3 workers, Kutai (Kal. Tim.), Kalimantan, 17. viii. 1986 (T. Yajima); 2 workers, Teluk Kabung nr Padang, Sumatra, 14. viii. 1985 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, Sako nr Tapan, Sumatra, 4���5. ix. 1985 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, Limau Manis nr Padang, Sumatra, 3. ix. 1985 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, P. Rakata Kecil, Krakatau Is., 31. vii. 1982 (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, P. Peucang nr Ujung Kulon, 5. viii. 1982 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, P. Sertung, Krakatau Is., 30. vii. 1982 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, P. Sertung, Krakatau Is., 6. vii. 1982 (Sk. Yamane); 3 workers, Bogor, Java, 4���8. xi. 1985 (Sk. Yamane); 3 workers, 1 male, Pulau Rakata, Krakatau Is., Sunda Strait, 1. i. 2007 (RK07-SKY-04) (Sk. Yamane); 1 queen, Pulau Rakata, Krakatau Is., Sunda Strait, 1. i. 2007 (RK07-SKY- 15) (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, 1 queen, Pulau Sertung, Krakatau Is., Sunda Strait, 30. xii. 2006 (RK06-SKY- 35) (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, Pulau Sebesi, Lampung Prov., Sunda Strait, 12. viii. 2005 (Syaukani); 2 workers, P. Anak Krakatau, Krakatau Is., Sunda Strait, 17. viii. 2005 (Rk05-SKY- 113) (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, P. Anak Krakatau, Krakatau Is., Sunda Strait, 17. viii. 2005 (RK05-SKY- 117) (Sk. Yamane); 3 workers, 1 male, Surisura, Pulau Siberut, Mentawai Is., 20. ii. 2007 (SU07-SKY-041) (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, Carita, W. Java, 24. xii. 2006 (JV06-SKY-08) (Sk. Yamane); 2 workers, Bogor, Java, 9. xi. 1985 (Sk. Yamane); 1 worker, Campus of Gajah Mada Univ. (100m alt.), Yogyakarta, Java, 19. xii. 2002 (F. Yamane); 8 workers, Campus of Gajah Mada Univ. (100m alt.), Yogyakarta, Java, 29. xii. 2002 (F. Yamane); 6 workers, Dusun PK, Jelati Mendaya, Bali, 5���6. v. 1998 (Sk. Yamane); 20 workers, Senaru, Lombok, 30. ix. 2000 (H. Simbolon); 7 workers, Senaru, Lombok, 30. ix. 2000 (J. Abe); 4 workers, Senaru, Lombok, 30. ix. 2000 (K. Ogata); 2 workers, Kopi house nr Semaya, Lombok, 29. x. 1998 (K. Eguchi)., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo & Ogata, Kazuo, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 15-36 in Zootaxa 2062 on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186855, {"references":["Forel, A. (1901) Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex, Dacryon, Podomyrma, und Echinopla-Arten. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 18, 43 - 82.","Emery, C. (1922) In Wytsman, P. Genera Insectorum. Hymenoptera, Fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. Fasc. 174 B, 95 - 206. Bruxelles.","Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K. (2008) The ant genus Crematogaster Lund, subgenus Physocrema Forel, in the Indochinese Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Asian Myrmecology, 2, 1 - 10.","Attygalle, A. B., Siegel, B., Vostrowsky, O., Bestmann, H. J. & Maschwitz, U. (1989) Chemical composition and function of metapleural gland secretion of the ant, Crematogaster deformis Smith (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 15, 317 - 328.","Gay, H. & Hensen, R. (1992) Ant specifity and behaviour in mutualisms with epiphytes: the case of Lecanopteris (Polypodiaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 47, 261 - 284.","Ito, F., Yamane, S., Eguchi, K., Noerdjito, W. A., Kahono, S., Tsuji, K., Ohkawara, K., Yamauchi, K., Nishida, T. & Nakamura, K. (2001) Ant species diversity in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Tropics, 10, 379 - 404.","Jaitrong, W. & Nabhitabhata, J. (2005) A list of known ant species of Thailand (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 9 - 54.","Jones, T. H., Brunner, S. R., Edwards, A. A., Davidson, D. W. & Snelling, R. R. (2005) 6 - Alkylsalicylic acids and 6 - Alkylresorcylic acids from ants in the genus Crematogaster from Brunei. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31, 407 - 417."]}

The triple differential cross section (TDX) for the 12C(p,2p) proton knockout reaction from the 1p3/2 single-particle state measured at 392 MeV is investigated by nonrelativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) with accurate treatment of the kinematics of the colliding two protons and effects of in-medium modification to the matrix elements of the proton-proton (pp) effective interaction. Some simplifying approximations made in previous studies with DWIA are examined. The off-the-energy-shell matrix elements of the pp effective interaction are shown to play an essential role in describing the asymmetric two peaks of the measured TDX corresponding to the kinematics in which the momentum transfer is fixed., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Perissomyrmex monticola de Andrade Figures 16 d, e, 17 b Perissomyrmex monticola de Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & de Andrade 1993: 90. Holotype worker. Bhutan. Diagnosis Worker, measurements (mm): TL 4.6, HL 1.12, HW 1.08, SL 0.92, PW 0.64, AL 1.24, GL 1.35, GW 0.96. Indices: CI 96.4,, SI 85.2, Four teeth of anterior margin of clypeus well isolated; median paired teeth large and distinct; lateral paired teeth small and their tip not reaching the level of the bottom of median notch; median notch converted V shape; the bottom of notch not reaching the level of anterior margin of lateral ridge in front of antennal insertion; distance between a median teeth closer than that between a median tooth and a lateral tooth; position of lateral tooth just below in the middle of toruli. Promesonotum forming single raised convex. Propodeal spines long and acute, directing backward and curved upward. Propodeal lobe low and rounded. Following the restriction on anterior articulator portion to mesosoma, sides of petiole almost parallel in dorsal view. Posterior face of postpetiolar node declined. Head capsule and mesosoma heavily striate. Mandibles very lightly striate. Mesopleural area, propodeum smooth and shining, petiole smooth and shining. Body bicolored, with dark brown head and mesosoma and reddish gaster, antennae and legs yellowish. Queen: TL 5.32, HL 1.20, HW 1.20; CI 100, SL 1.00, SI 75, PW 0.84, AL 1.52, GW 1.20, GL 1.56. Dentition of anterior margin of clypeus and mandible as in worker, but robust and lower. Mesoscutellum overhanging metanotum, metanotum less convex in profile. Petiole as in worker but with low ventral keel and more distinct lateral projection. Remarks Seemingly P. monticola is distinct in having a bicolored body with blackish head and mesosoma and reddish gaster. The species is similar to P. nepalensis in having an inverted V shaped median notch on the anterior clypeal margin. The notch in P. monticola and P. nepalensis is shallower than in P. emarginatus. The bottom of the notch in both species does not reach the level of anterior ridges in front of the antennal insertions. The teeth arrangement of the anterior clypeal margin is similar to that of P. nepalensis as well, showing that the lateral paired teeth are more spaced to the median paired teeth. The shape of the propodeal spines, upward curved profile, also show the similarity in P. monticola and P. nepalensis. According to the key provided by Radochenko (2003) the species is distinct in having abundant short standing hairs on the antenna and legs, but the character is somewhat delicate and P. emarginatus also shows the same pilosity. It seems that the ventral profile of the petiole is more reliable. Among the three Asian species, the sculpture of P. monticola is the most distinct, and the unsculptured areas on the mesopleuron and propodeum are broadest. The species is known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: 1 worker, 1 queen, Nobding 41 km O, Wangdi Ph. 2800 m, Bhutan (NMB)., Published as part of Ogata, K. & Okido, H., 2007, Revision of the ant genus Perissomyrmex with notes on the phylogeny of the tribe Myrmecinini., pp. 352-369 in Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80 on pages 360-361

Perissomyrmex snyderi Smith, M. R. Figures 16 g, h, 17 d Perissomyrmex snyderi Smith, M. R. 1947: 282. Holotype worker. Guatemala. Diagnosis. Worker, TL 3.74 - 4.94, HL 0.88 - 1.24, HW 0.88 - 1.34, CI 100 - 108, SL 0.82 - 0.94, SI 73 - 93, PW 0.56 - 0.72, ML 0.98 - 1.20, GL 1.00 - 1.40, GW 0.80 - 1.06. Polymorphic. Labrum with lamellate flange developed at basal part of curvature. Anterior clypeal margin with 3 pairs of projection, the shape and size varying to reduce or fused; basically, the median pair broad and robust, inner lateral pair smaller; outer lateral pair smallest, sometimes reduced or lost; the median notch roundly concave; in some case the median paired teeth fused without median notch in major worker. Propodeal spine straight or slightly curved upward. Subpetiolar process present anteriorly; ventral margin of petiole almost straight in profile; anterior portion of petiole diverging toward midlength of petiole in dorsal view. Sculpture on head and mesosoma irregularly costate. Body color blackish. Specimens examined: 9 workers (including 1 major), 4 km N Union Juarez, Volcan Tacann, Lower slopes 1950 m, Chiapas, Mexico (4 in UCD, 5 in BMNH). Remarks The species shows great variation in worker caste body size, the shape of spines and the teeth on the anterior clypeal margin, but the subpetiolar process is consistently present, which is unique among the four Perissomyrmex species. In addition, P. snyderi is also unique in having coarser and more irregular sculptures on the head and mesosoma and dark color of the body. The degree of the protuberance of the anterior clypeal margin is less distinct than that in Asian species, even though variation exists. The rediscovered individuals were collected from Berlese samples of a cloud forest floor of 1700 to 2000 m altitude in Chiapas, Mexico (Longino & Hartley, 1995)., Published as part of Ogata, K. & Okido, H., 2007, Revision of the ant genus Perissomyrmex with notes on the phylogeny of the tribe Myrmecinini., pp. 352-369 in Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80 on page 362

Perissomyrmex emarginatus new species DESCRIPTION Worker: Holotype measurements (mm): TL 3.73, HL 0.86, HW 0.90,, SL 0.78, EL 0.10, PW 0.57, ML 0.98, GL 1.07, GW 0.86. Indices: CI 104.65, SI 86.67. Paratype measurements (4 workers, 3 measured): TL 3.97 - 4.14, HL 0.86 - 0.96, HW 0.92 - 0.94, SL 0.74 - 0.78, PW 0.57 - 0.59, ML 0.90 - 1.11, GL 1.07 - 1.39, GW 0.86 - 0.90). Indices: CI 95.74 - 106.98, SI 82.22 - 86.67. Head subrectangular, with slightly concave posterior border and rounded posterior corners; sides slightly diverging anteriorly. Eyes situated in the midlength of sides, comprising 15 - 18 ommatidia. Anterior margin of clypeus with four teeth; median paired teeth large and distinct, lateral paired teeth smaller and lower; the median paired ones separated by median notch, the lateral tooth located just in front of antennal insertion, and the median and lateral ones closely situated each other, sometimes fused at the base in each side; median notch distinct and deep, inverted U-shape, the bottom of notch reaching or exceeding level of anterior margin of lateral edge in front of antennal insertion. Frontal lobes almost reduced, frontal carina low, diverging posteriorly, reaching the level of eyes. Antennal toruli exposed, antennal insertion forming deep hollow forming distinct anterior edge. Mandible elongate with long basal margin and short masticatory margin; basal margin with one small but distinct tooth in the midlength; masticatory margin equipped with one apical and one subapical teeth followed by a diastema and one basal tooth. Antennae 9 segmented, scape exceeding posterior corner of head by its width; apical three segments forming club but obscure. Labrum with transverse preapical ridge; two small projections present on the dorsal surface in the middle. Promesonotum raised, but the dorsal surface somewhat depressed; promesonotal suture weakly impressed. Anteroventral free margin of mesopleuron carinated but not forming expansion covering procoxa. Metanotal groove complete, deeply impressed. Dorsal outline of propodeum slightly raised. Spiracle circular and large, situated on lateral surface of propodeum in the middle. Propodeal spine straight, long and acute, directed backward and upward. Propodeal lobe low and rounded. Petiole with anterior declivity, rounded tip and posterior face; ventral margin weakly sinuate but no subpetiolar process; anterior peduncle with distinct paired lateral projections in dorsal view, situated anterodorsal to the spiracle in lateral view. Postpetiole, in profile, with raised dorsal outline, anterior face convex, posterior face nearly vertical and in frontal view the crest rounded but pointed. Ventral margin to 1 st gastral segment not sinuate. Head, mandible and mesosoma costate, lower part of mesopleuron and posterior part of propodeal spiracle unsculptured. Petiole mostly unsculptured. Anterior face of postpetiole smooth and shining, the rest finely punctate. Body dark yellowish brown, the appendages lighter. Queen. TL 4.63 - 4.92, HL 1.07 - 1.19, HW 1.11 - 1.23, CI 103.36 - 110.81, SL 0.78 - 0.90, SI 68.91 - 73.17, PW 0.82 - 0.90, ML 1.31 - 1.39, GL 1.35 - 1.48, GW 1.11 - 1.19 (5 measured). Similar to the worker, but the head wider than long with three ocelli. The dentition on mandibles and anterior clypeal margin basically same as in worker but tending to be worn down, so that the teeth are often low and obscure; the median portion of anterior clypeal margin produced with less distinct median notch and four teeth which are sometimes fused together. Mesosoma robust short and high, mesonotum thick, mesoscutellum overhanging metanotum, metanotum more of less convex in profile, propodeal spine robust directed backward. Petiole basically as in worker, but the ventral surface with distinct paired longitudinal keel originated from posterior end of the petiole running anteriorly and convergent at anterior 1 / 4 of petiole, lateral surface with longitudinal ridge from the portion above the spiracle to posterior end, and lateral projection more distinct. Apex of postpetiolar node pointed. Sculpture more distinct than that of worker. Coloration same as worker. TYPE MATERIAL Holotype, Worker, Lianwangpo, Mt. Emeishan, Emeishan Shi, Sichuan Prov., CHINA, 2310 m alt., 4. x. 1996 (S. Nomura & Zhao) (KU No. 3149). Paratypes (All from CHINA): 4 workers, 2 queens, same as holotype; 2 queens, Mt. Jiudingshan, Chapingshan Mts., Mao Xian, Sichuan Prov., 3670 m alt., 22. ix. 1996 (S. Nomura & Zhao); 1 queen, Leidongping, Mt. Emeishan, Emeishan Shi, Sichuan Prov., 2310 - 2350 m alt., 4. x. 1996 (S. Nomura & Zhao). Remarks All the material was collected by Berlese funnel. Collecting site of Mt Emeishan is a road side of mixed coniferous forest, Dabei site is more like evergreen forest, and Mt Jiudingshan site is somewhat shrubby. The altitudinal range of collecting sites is from 2300 m to 3700 m elevation. The lateral projections of the petiolar peduncle are sometimes asymmetrically developed. In the worker caste, P. emarginatus is distinguished from two other Asian species in having the deeper median notch on the anterior clypeal margin. The bottom of the notch reaches or even exceeds the level of anterior ridges in front of antennal insertions. The body of P. emarginatus has more sculptured surface and the color is more brownish than the two other Asian species. The propodeal spines, if they are fully developed, are also different from those of P. monticola and P. nepalensis, being straight without upper curve. In the queen the median notch is shallower than that of the nonspecific workers, so that the depth and the shape cannot be used in separating species. Although we did not observe the queen of P. nepalensis, the dentition of the anterior clypeal margin is still useful; the 4 teeth are arranged closer together forming a blunt median projection in P. emarginatus, while the lateral paired teeth are small and separate from the median pair in P. monticola., Published as part of Ogata, K. & Okido, H., 2007, Revision of the ant genus Perissomyrmex with notes on the phylogeny of the tribe Myrmecinini., pp. 352-369 in Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80 on pages 359-360

Perissomyrmex nepalensis Radchenko (Figs. 16 f, 17 c) Perissomyrmex nepalensis Radchenko 2003: 12. Holotype worker. Nepal. Diagnosis Worker, measurements (mm): TL 3.74 - 4.38, HL 0.90 - 1.10, HW 0.92 - 1.10, SL 0.8 - 0.9, PW 0.56 - 0.64, ML 1.00 - 1.10, GL 1.02 - 1.30, GW 0.80 - 0.96. Indices: CI 100 - 102, SI 82 - 87. Four teeth on anterior margin of clypeus well isolated; median paired teeth large and distinct, lateral paired teeth small and spaced from the median teeth; median notch converted V shape; the bottom of notch not reaching anterior margin of lateral ridge in front of antennal insertion. Promesonotum raised but less convex. Propodeal spine directed backward and curved upward. Ventral margin of petiole nearly straight. Subpetiolar process absent. Costulation on head and pronotum low and spaced, unsculptured area on mesosoma and propodeum wider. Body color light reddish brown, antennae and legs yellowish. Specimens examined: 2 workers, W. Bengal, Darjeering, Tiger Hill, 2450 m, 28. viii. 1997, India (BMNH). Remarks The dorsal outline of the promesonotal area varies in the size of workers. In minor worker the area is less raised but in major worker weakly convex in profile. P. nepalensis is distinguishable from P. monticola by the ventral profile of the petiole: nearly straight in the former, but widely convex in the latter. Sculpturation of P. nepalensis is weaker and more spaced than that of P. montiocola. Radchenko (2003) noticed the standing hairs on the antennae and legs in distinguishing P. nepalensis from P. monticola; short and abundant in the former, long and sparse in the latter. The species was found in Himalayan region (Nepal and northeastern India) at the altitudinal range of 2450 to 3000 m, collected by pitfall traps (Radochenko, 2003)., Published as part of Ogata, K. & Okido, H., 2007, Revision of the ant genus Perissomyrmex with notes on the phylogeny of the tribe Myrmecinini., pp. 352-369 in Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80 on pages 361-362

Perissomyrmex M. R. Smith Perissomyrmex M. R. Smith 1947: 281. Type-species: Perissomyrmex snyderi, by original designation. DIAGNOSIS Worker and Female Monomorphic or polymorphic terrestrial myrmicine ants with the following combination of characters: 1. Head almost as broad as long in minor worker, or slightly broader in major worker, divergent anteriorly. 2. Eyes protruding, situated at about the midlength of the side of head, or slightly posteriorly. 3. Clypeus with a few paired teeth on the anterior margin; lateral portions reduced to a thin raised strip in front of the antennal insertions. 4. Frontal lobe absent; frontal carina poorly developed. 5. Antennal toruli exposed. 6. Antennae 9 - segmented, scape extending over posterior border of head, apical 3 segments forming a club. 7. Mandibles with long basal margin and short masticatory margin; basal margin with a distinct tooth; masticatory margin with one basal and two apical teeth separated by a diastema. 8. Labrum with transverse ridge at the preapical portion. 9. Palp formula 4,2. 10. Pronotum unarmed, promesonotal suture weakly impressed. 11. Lower part of mesopleuron not expanding to cover on procoxa. 12. Metanotal groove deeply impressed. 13. Propodeal spiracle rounded situated in the middle of lateral surface of propodeum. 14. Propodeal spine long and acute. 15. Propodeal lobe low and obtuse angled. 16. Petiole pedunculate with lateral projection, petiolar node rounded. 17. Postpetiole with rounded node. Male Unknown. Of the four species of the genus, P. snyderi is easily diagnosed by the presence of a subpetiolar process in the workers, the dentition of the anterior margin of the clypeus and the coarse and irregular sculpturation on the head. This does not mean that the three Asian species comprise a monophyletic group. Because the loss of the subpetiolar process is frequently observed in Myrmecina and Pristomyrmex, we do not confirm the polarity of the character state of the dentition and the sculpture. There is no strong evidence, however, that Central American snyderi has a close relationship with any of the Asian species. The detailed phylogeny of the four species is not clear. The polymorphism of the genus was reported by Longino & Hartley (1994) in P. snyderi from Mexico. While no Asian species are known to be polymorphic, it is possible. Because the available materials were mostly from litter extractions, whole colony composition has not been clear. It should be noted that the individuals of the Perissomyrmex are highly variable in the morphology. In particular, projected structures, such as teeth on the mandibles, propodeal spines, lateral projections on the petiolar peduncle, are varying due to wearing down or polymorphism.

$(��^-,K^+)$ hyperon production inclusive spectra with $p_��=1.2$ GeV/c measured at KEK on $^{12}$C and $^{28}$Si are analyzed by the semiclassical distorted wave model. Single-particle wave functions of the target nucleus are treated using Wigner transformation. This method is able to account for the energy and angular dependences of the elementary process in nuclear medium without introducing the factorization approximation frequently employed. Calculations of the $(��^+,K^+)$ $��$ formation process, for which there is no free parameter since the $��$ s.p. potential is known, demonstrate that the present model is useful to describe inclusive spectra. It is shown that in order to account for the experimental data of the $��^-$ formation spectra a repulsive $��$-nucleus potential is necessary whose magnitude is not so strong as around 100 MeV previously suggested., 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. C

Recent development of auditory-evoked magnetoencephalography (A-MEG) made it possible to measure interhemispheric neural conduction time (INCT) of auditory impulses. We estimated INCT with A-MEG and cognitive function with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in 85 elderly patients with chronic dizziness (CD) and found that INCT was negatively correlated with MMSE scores (p0.001). In 11 of 85 patients whose MMSE scores were within the normal range, A-MEG and MMSE were repeated for the subsequent 4 years to find longitudinal changes in INCT and cognitive function. The 11 patients were divided into two groups according to the baseline INCT values, such as Group A with normal INCT (n=7) and Group B with abnormally prolonged INCT (n=4). In Group A, INCT and MMSE scores remained within the normal range throughout the 4-year period. In Group B, INCT showed the tendency towards progressive prolongation during the follow-up period, and MMSE scores decreased to abnormally low levels at the third or fourth follow-up year in all the patients. The present results suggest that rapid neural interaction of both cerebral hemispheres is needed to maintain normal cognitive function. Abnormal INCT prolongation in elderly subjects suggests subclinical cortical network dysfunction and may predict the future development of cognitive deterioration.

We accurately analyze the $^6$He+$^{209}$Bi scattering at 19 and 22.5 MeV near the Coulomb barrier energy, using the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) based on the $n$+$n$+$^4$He+$^{209}$Bi four-body model. The three-body breakup continuum of $^6$He is discretized by diagonalizing the internal Hamiltonian of $^6$He in a space spanned by the Gaussian basis functions. The calculated elastic and total reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data, while the CDCC calculation based on the di-neutron model of $^6$He, i.e., the $^2n$+$^{4}$He+$^{209}$Bi three-body model, does not reproduce the data., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, uses REVTeX 4, submitted to Phys. Rev. C

The astrophysical factor for 7Be(p,\gamma)8B at zero energy, S17(0), is determined from an analysis of 208Pb(8B, p+7Be)208Pb at 52 MeV/nucleon by means of the method of continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) taking account of all nuclear and Coulomb breakup processes. The asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) method is used to extract S17(0) from the calculated breakup-cross-section. The main result of the present paper is S17(0)=20.9 +2.0/-1.9 eV b. The error consists of 8.4% experimental systematic error and the error due to the ambiguity in the s-wave p-7Be scattering length. This value of S17(0) differs from the one extracted with the first-order perturbation theory including Coulomb breakup by dipole transitions: 18.9 +/- 1.8 eV b. It turns out that the difference is due to the inclusion of the nuclear and Coulomb-quadrupole transitions and multi-step processes of all-order in the present work. The p-7Be interaction potential used in the CDCC calculation is also used in the ANC analysis of 7Be(p,\gamma)8B. The value of S17(0)=21.7 +0.62/-0.55 eV b obtained is consistent with the previous one obtained from a precise measurement of the p-capture reaction cross section extrapolated to zero incident energy, S17(0)=22.1 +/- 0.6 (expt) +/- 0.6 (theo) eV b, where (theo) stands for the error in the extrapolation. Thus, the agreement between the values of S17(0) obtained from direct 7Be(p,\gamma)8B and indirect 8B-breakup measurements is significantly improved., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, published in PRC

Semiclassical distorted wave model is developed to describe $(��^-,K^+)$ inclusive spectra related to $��^-$-formation measured at KEK with $p_��=1.2$ GeV/c. The shape and magnitude of the spectrum on $^{28}$Si target are satisfactorily reproduced by a repulsive $��$-nucleus potential, the strength of which is of the order of 30$\sim$50 MeV. This strength is not so strong as more than 100 MeV suggested by the estimation presented in the report of the experiment., 6 pages, to be published in Prog. Theor. Phys

A semiclassical distorted wave (SCDW) model with Wigner transform of one-body density matrix is presented for multistep direct $(p,p^{\prime}x)$ reactions to the continuum. The model uses Wigner distribution functions obtained in methods which include nucleon-nucleon correlations to a different extent, as well as Woods-Saxon (WS) single-particle wave function. The higher momentum components of target nucleons that play a crucial role in reproducing the high-energy part of the backward proton spectra are properly taken into account. This SCDW model is applied to analyses of multistep direct processes in $^{12}$C$(p,p^{\prime}x)$, $^{40}$Ca$(p,p^{\prime}x)$ and $^{90}$Zr$(p,p^{\prime}x)$ in the incident energy range of 150--392 MeV. The double differential cross sections are calculated up to three-step processes. The calculated angular distributions are in good agreement with the experimental data, in particular at backward angles where the previous SCDW calculations with the WS single-particle wave function showed large underestimation. It is found that the result with the Wigner distribution function based on the coherent density fluctuation model provides overall better agreement with the experimental data over the whole emission energies., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, Talk at 22-nd International Workshop on Nuclear Theory, Rila Mountain, Bulgaria, June 16-21, 2003

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Igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins are associated with contact aureoles that influence rock properties such as maturation, porosity and permeability. On Svalbard, an extensive dolerite complex (i.e., the Diabasodden Suite) was emplaced in a heterolithologic sandstone, siltstone, shale and carbonate succession during the Early Cretaceous (c. 124.5 Ma). The sedimentary host rocks include the predominantly siliciclastic, Upper TriassicMiddle Jurassic Kapp Toscana Group, which is currently being investigated as a storage unit for potential CO2 sequestration in the vicinity of Long yearbyen. As part of the baseline reservoir characterisation, a 2.28 metre-thick dolerite sill and its associated contact aureole was drilled and fully cored in the lower part of the target aquifer. Geochemical data indicate that the intrusion belongs to the Diabasodden Suite, which also crops out 18 km from the planned injection site. Samples spanning the contact aureole show significant thermal effects around the thin sill. The total organic carbon content is lowered towards the contact (from 1-2 wt.% to zero) accompanied by a reduction of the pyrolysis output and higher Tmax values (500°C vs. 320°C). A count of the visual fractures along the Dh4 borehole shows that the sill itself is characterised by a fracture frequency of 8-10 fractures per metre, well above the background fracturing in the host rock above the sill (0-1 fractures per metre). Increased background fracturing (4-10 fractures per metre) is, however, evident in the host rock below the sill. Our results show that the total aureole thickness is 160-195% of the sill thickness and that the sill and aureole together represent a six metre-thick geochemical and mechanical perturbation in the sedimentary succession. We conclude that even very thin sills and related aureoles may affect the CO2 storage aquifer by locally reducing porosity in the host rock, but also by enhancing permeability along the fractured intrusion-host rock interfaces.

Incomplete depigmentation of a congenital nevocellular nevus has been reported previously. 1,2 We report herein the complete resolution of a fairly large nevus with depigmentation, followed by partial repigmentation. Report of a Case A 2-year-old boy was first seen in August 1979 with a history of a nevus of the extensor surface of the right arm present since birth. He had no family history of vitiligo, halo nevi, congenital nevi, or malignant melanoma. On examination, the lesion was a 5.5 × 1.8-cm, raised, brown, scaly, nonhairy nevus (Fig 1). Surgical removal of the lesion was planned for about three years later. Seven months after the initial examination, however, the nevus was smaller, measuring 4.7 × 1.7 cm with a faint marginal depigmentation (Fig 2). There had been no pruritus and there was no erythema present at that time. Marked, progressive depigmentation of the lesion was noted when the patient's age

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Double immunofluorescence and [3H]thymidine autoradiographic analysis of the same field of transformed human amnion cells (AMA) reacted with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) autoantibodies and a monoclonal antibody (mAb 19F4) specific for cyclin (PCNA) revealed similar patterns and sequence of cyclin (PCNA) antigen staining during S-phase. These results suggest that immunofluorescence patterns obtained with PCNA autoantibodies reflect in fact patterns of cyclin (PCNA) antigen staining.