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Taisia cornitermitis Frolov, Ocampo, Akhmetova et Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov. (Figures 1 (a–f), 2(a–d)) c 0.5 mm d e 0.5 mm f Type locality Cuiabá municipality, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Type material Holotype, male at CEMT labelled ‘ Brazil, MT, Cuiabá, Flor do Cerrado, 15°29 ʹ 38.20’ S 56° 4 ʹ 36.40” W 6.XI.2015 А. Frolov & L. Akhmetova leg.’. Paratypes: 184 specimens. One female and six males at CEMT with the same data as the holotype; six males at CEMT with the same locality data as the holotype but collected 15 November 2015; seven males at CEMT labelled ‘ Brazil, MT, Cuiabá, Flor do Cerrado, 15°29 ʹ 38.20’ S 56°4 ʹ 36.40” W Frolov leg. 15.X.2016, termite nests and flying around’; 123 males and three females at CEMT, IAZA, BMNH, IOCRJ, IRSNB, MNHG, MNHN, MNRJ and ZIN with the same locality data but collected 27 October 2016 with a flight interception trap (FIT); 31 males at CEMT with the same locality data but collected 12–17 November 2016 by FIT; one male at CEMT with the same locality data but collected 3–12 November 2016 by FIT; four males at CEMT with the same locality data but collected 8–12 November 2016 by FIT; two males at CEMT labelled ‘ Brazil, MT, Aguas Quentes 15°53 ʹ 11”S 55°30 ʹ 44’W 25.XI.2016 M. Cupello & A. Frolov leg’. Description Holotype, male (Figure 1 (a,c–e)). Body length 4.5 mm. Colour uniformly brown to light brown, sclerites poorly melanised, semitransparent. Head (Figure 1 (a)): Frons slightly convex; surface punctate with sparse and moderately coarse punctures. Frontoclypeal suture distinctive, convex. Clypeus subtrapezoidal, anterior margin narrowly rounded, surface punctate with few punctures. Clypeal anterior margin weakly reflexed except in middle. Labrum somewhat trapezoidal, lacking medial tooth at apex. Mandibles protruding beyond labrum, with 3 outer teeth. Labium subtrapezoidal, densely setose. Maxillae with galea densely setose at apex, setae visible in dorsal view of head; maxillary palps with 4 palpomeres. Eyes relatively small, visible in dorsal view. Antennae with 9 antennomeres; antennomeres 2–6 moniliform; antennal club with 3 antennomeres; basal antennomere of club cup-shaped, capable of receiving penultimate and ultimate antennomeres. Pronotum: slightly convex, base flat in middle, pronotum 1.6 times wider than long; surface with relatively sparse, double punctation. Anterior margin feebly convex medially, base almost straight; posterior angles nearly right-angled. Lateral margins convex and coarsely serrate. Scutellum pentagonal. Apical, permanently exposed part (commonly referred to as ‘scutellum’ in the Scarabaeoidea taxonomic literature) widely rounded, surface smooth. Medial part mostly hidden under pronotum, coarsely punctate with round punctures; each puncture bears a seta. Basal part hidden under pronotum in undisturbed beetles, with two semirectangular, transverse, adjacent fossae with rugose and setose surface (Figure 2 (a)). Elytra moderately convex, with rounded apices, 1.3 times longer than wide. Elytral striae marked with regular rows of relatively coarse punctures; intervals feebly convex, minutely punctured; margins setose. Wings fully developed. Protibia with 2 large teeth and a number of smaller teeth on outer margin; dorsal surface with 2 setose, longitudinal carinae; protibial spur shorter than apical tibial tooth, curved, apex acute. Meso- and metatibia lacking transversal carina; with 2 apical, acuminate spurs. Metatibia with long, truncate process apically, analogous to the ‘enclosed corbel’ of some Curculionidae (Thompson 1992). Pro- and metatarsomeres 1–3 with feather-like setae ventrally (Figure 1 (e)). Apical tarsomeres longer than tarsomeres 1–4, claws longer than half of apical tarsomeres. Male genitalia strongly asymmetrical (Figure 1 (c,d)). Female (Figure 1 (b,f)) differs from male in having mandibles with 2 teeth; galea with sparse, short setae, not visible in dorsal view; wider pronotum and elytra, normal (not feather-like) setae on tarsomeres (Figure 1 (f)), and rounded apical processes of metatibiae. Variation Body length of males 4.0– 5.2 mm, females 4.3–4.7 mm. Except for the body size variation the examined specimens are rather similar. Distribution and habitat Taisia cornitermitis sp. nov. is known from two localities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Figure 2 (e)). Most of the type series including the holotype originate from the vicinity of Cuiabá. Another locality is near Fazenda Aguas Quentes, Santo Antônio do Leverge municipality, some 80 km east of Cuiabá. The habitat in the vicinity of Cuiabá is a small patch of Cerradão, a forest-like subtype of the Cerrado. Biology Taisia cornitermitis sp. nov. are associated with termites Cornitermes cf. bequaerti (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). The beetles were observed coming out of the ‘ventilation holes’ of the termite nests, and sitting on and flying around the nests (Figure 2 (b–d)). The ‘ventilation holes’ go deep around the nest (and some through the nest) and apparently join below the nest to form a ‘paraecie’, an empty space of regular thickness surrounding subterranean termite nests and subterranean parts of epigeal ones and thought to play a role in microclimate regulation and defence (Noirot and Darlington 2000). The termite nest inside the ‘paraecie’ is closed and the latter is devoid of termites. However, the ‘paraecies’ seem to be populated by various animals. Except for T. cornitermesi, whose flying activity is limited to a few weeks after the beginning of rainy season, most prominent inhabitants are crickets (Gryllidae) and whip spiders (Amblypygi) which can be found in every hole at night. Taisia cornitermitis is apparently a diurnal species, and most of its flying activity was observed in the mornings. In addition to the specimens collected by hand on the termite nests, long series were collected by FITs set near the nests. In Fazenda Aguas Quentes, the beetles were collected on the side of a termite nest. There is little doubt that this species will be found in other localities within the rather large distribution range of Cornitermes. It is worth noting that the sex ratio of the collected specimens is strongly biased: there were only four females found among the long series of over 180 males. Although the females have well developed wings, they probably do not normally leave termite nests. Etymology Latin noun in the genitive case derived from the name of the host termite genus., Published as part of Frolov, Andrey V., Ocampo, Federico C., Akhmetova, Lilia A. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando, 2017, A new genus and species of the termitophilous Neotropical Hybosorinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae) associated with Cornitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) in the Cerrado ecoregion in Brazil, pp. 1759-1765 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (29 - 30) on pages 1760-1764, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1353150, http://zenodo.org/record/5182369, {"references":["Thompson RT. 1992. Observations on the morphology and classification of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) with a key to major groups. J Nat Hist. 26: 835 - 891.","Noirot C, Darlington JP. 2000. Termite nests: architecture, regulation and defence. In: Abe Y, Bignell DE, Higashi T, editors. Termites: evolution, sociality, symbioses, ecology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; p. 121 - 139."]}

Desertaclopus lucasi Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs 35, 37, 40, 43) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other species of Desertaclopus based on the following combination of characters: distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size> 0.8 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 40. Description. Holotype male. Length 9.84 mm, width 4.62 mm. Color: Head, pronotum black; elytra brown on disc black on margins; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown to black. Head (Fig. 35): Eye canthus well developed, apex slightly reflexed, bearing 4���5 setae, setae short; frontocanthal carina present. Eyes well developed, rounded, weakly divided by eye canthus. Frons flat on apical half, convex at base with well developed transversal carina, carinae slightly depressed at middle; surface smooth, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin rounded; frontoclypeal suture developed as carina; carina with setae, setae moderately long, slender; clypeal surface sparsely punctate. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina. Labral shape semicircular in dorsal view apex rounded, reflexed, glabrous. Mandibular outer margin broadly sinuate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed (Fig. 35), ventral surface moderately setose, setae long. Labium las long as wide, strongly reduced, labial palp with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1���2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with four palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 36): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, glabrous, except for margins. Marginal bead present in all margins; anterior margin concave, with deep furrow, membrane well developed; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Subtriangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra (Fig. 37): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate; punctures sparse, glabrous. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Ve n te r: Surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3���5 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs: Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae, with one transverse carina. Mesotibial apex with fringe of thick setae, metatibial apex with small setae. Metatibia robust, apical width 2 / 3 as long as tibiae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1, 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Figs. 40 a���c): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, simple, symmetrical, apex rounded, club-like. Genital segment developed as ventral plate. Remarks. Only males are known; they vary in length (8.12���11.80 mm), and color (one paratype has black elytra). Peter Allsopp (Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Bundaberg, Australia) first recognized this as a new species, but it was never formally described (based on determination labels, see type material for D. lucasi) Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ���R. A. CATAMARCA / 6 Km. Sta. Mar��a / 6 -XII- 1969 / A. Willink-Stange Col.���; ��� Desertaclopus / lucas i / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ��� (red label). Paratypes (all male). Two paratypes (1 CMNC, 1 IAZA) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA / Catamarca / Santa Mar��a / Fritz-leg. / Coll. Mart��nez / Ene. 941.��� One paratype (CMNC) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA / Catamarca / D�� Sta. Mar��a / P. de Balasto / Coll. Mart��nez / Feb. 943 ���. One paratype (BMNH) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA / La Rioja Prov. / Patquia / K.J. Hayward / B.M. 1932 - 33 ���; ��� PARATYPE / Aclopus / bicarinatus / Allsopp / det. P. G. Allsopp. 1980 ���. One paratype (CMNC) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA / Salta / Alemania / Nu��ez legit / Coll. Mart��nez / Nov. 948 ���. All paratypes labeled: ��� Desertaclopus / lucasi / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Etymology. This species is named after FCO���s nephew, Lucas Salemme, to encourage his love for nature and fascination with the world���s insect diversity. Distribution (Fig. 43). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Santa Mar��a (1), Santa Mar��a (6 km from), Punta de Balasto (1). La Rioja: Patqu��a (1). Salta: Alemania (1). Temporal distribution. January (2), February (1), November (1), December (1)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Gracilaclopus bidentulus Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 5 –7, 23, 31) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: clypeus with tooth-like process on anterior angle; labral apex with two well developed teeth (Fig. 5); body bicolored with scutellum same color as elytra; size Description. Holotype male. Length 4.53 mm, width 2.07 mm. Color: Head dark brown, pronotum brown; elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 5): Frons slightly concave on apical half, convex at base; surface punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique, reflexed, with tooth-like process on anterior angle; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate, sparsely setose. Labrum glabrous, shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex with two large teeth, teeth strongly reflexed. Pronotum (Fig. 6): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae, setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose; setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibia with two transverse carinae, metatibia with one transversal carina. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia: Parameres as long as phallobase, broadly curved, apex club-like (Fig. 23). Allotype female. (Fig. 7). As holotype except: Length 4.58 mm, width 2.35 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, elytra, venter, legs light brown. Eyes small, not visible dorsally. Eye canthus strongly reduced. Antennal club small. Elytra short, approximately as long as wide (both elytra combined). Five visible abdominal segments, pygidium and 3 abdominal segments exposed beyond elytral apex. Metatibiae longer than metatarsi. First metatarsomere shorter than metatibial spurs. Remarks. Males vary slightly in length (3.27–4.68 mm, width 1.33–2.17) and color; the shape of the labral teeth varies in length and development among specimens. Type material. Holotype male at CMNC labeled: “ Argentina / Córdoba / D° Cruz del Eje / Guanaco Muerto / Col. Martínez / Feb 1980 ”; “ Gracilaclopus / bidentulus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red holotype label). Allotype female at IAZA labeled: “R.A. Cba / Chancaní / Octubre 1992 / Col. Molina ” “A 311 / 10-92 / 371 ”; “ 30005 ”; “ Gracilaclopus / bidentulus / Ocampo & Mondaca / ALLOTYPE” (red allotype label, handwritten). Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes (two at CMNC and one at IAZA) labeled as holotype except for paratype label. Four male paratypes (three at CMNC and one at IAZA) labeled: “Quimilí, S. del Estero / 9 -XII- 1939 / Birabén - Bezzi col.” Four paratypes (three at CMNC and one at IAZA) labeled: “ ARGENTINA / La Rioja / D° Peñaloza / Olta (Illiar) / Coll / Martínez / Nov. 964 ” Three paratypes (two at IAZA and one at GASC) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Córdoba / Cruz del Eje 4 /III/ 2000. / G. Arriagada”. One paratype at CMNC labeled: “ Argentina / Salta / D° San Martín / Pocitos / coll. Martínez / Dic. 974. All paratypes labeled: “ Gracilaclopus / bidentulus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow paratype label). Type locality. Argentina, Córdoba, Guanaco Muerto. Etymology. The name “ bidentulus ” refers to the two well developed teeth on the labrum of this species. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA: Córdoba: Chancaní (4), Cruz del Eje (3), Guanaco Muerto (4). La Rioja: Olta (4) Salta: Pocitos (1). Santiago del Estero: Quimilí (4). Temporal distribution. February (4), March (3), October (4), November (4), December (5).

Eideria glabripenis Neita & Ocampo, new species (Figs. 23 ���24, 29) Type material. Holotype male at CMNC labeled: ��� ECU:Pich; 47 KmS / Sto. Domingo, RioPalenque / 5.V- 25.VII. 85, S&J Peck / 250 m, malaise-FIT / rainforest��� ���, ��� Eideria / glabripenis / Neita and Ocampo / HOLOTYPE ��� (red label). Two male paratypes at CMNC labeled: ��� Ecuador, 700 / R��o Palenque / 47 km. S. St. / Domingo / Feb. 22 1976 / H. & A. Howden.��� Fifty-two paratypes (41 at CMNC, nine at IAZA, two at MLPA) labeled: ��� ECU:Pich; 47 KmS / Sto. Domingo, RioPalenque / 5.V- 25.VII. 85, S&J Peck / 250 m, malaise-FIT / rainforest.��� All paratypes labeled: ��� Eideria / glabripenis / Neita and Ocampo / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Type locality. Ecuador, Pichincha, 47 km south of Santo Domingo, R��o Palenque. Description of holotype. Length 8.46 mm; width: 4.18 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, venter, and legs dark brown. Head (Fig. 23): Surface convex, densely punctate, ocellate, punctures setose, large (0.06���0.08 mm), interocular width 0.7 mm. Eye canthus truncate, setose; setae moderately dense, slender, long. Frontoclypeal suture evident, complete. Clypeus broadly rounded; surface concave, densely punctate; punctures moderate in size (0.04���0.06 mm) (Fig. 23). Clypeal margin reflexed, shape broadly. Clypeal ventral surface setose; setae slender, long. Mandibles poorly developed on the incisive and molar area. Labrum poorly developed, conical, setose; setae moderately long. Labium poorly developed, ligule prominent. Maxillae with galea poorly developed, lacinia not developed, maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres, palpomere 4 as long as 1���3 combined. Antennae with 9 antennomeres; antennomere 1 robust; antennomere 2 globose; antennomeres 3 and 4 similar to length, with base cylindrical, apices broad; antennal club with 5 antennomeres, with few setae. Pronotum (Fig. 23): Convex, wider than long at middle. Surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate, setose, moderate in size (0.042���0.064 mm). Marginal bead present; anterior margin concave; lateral margins slightly angulate, setose, setae hair-like, long; posterior margin slightly defined at middle. Anterior angles rounded; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum (Fig. 23): Surface opaque, densely punctate, setose; punctures ocellate, moderate in size (0.040���0.053 mm), scutellar apex rounded. Elytra (Fig. 23): Convex, elongate, subparallel. Surface opaque, densely punctate, setose; punctures moderate in size (0.040���0.082 mm); setae long, hair like. Elytra with 5 striate. Elytral margins setose; setae long, hair-like. Hind wings: Subcostal and radial vein well sclerotized, not reaching radial sector vein at wing apex; radial sector vein forked at apex; medial vein well developed; medial loop short; cubital vein slightly sclerotized apically from medial loop connection; anal veins 1, 2 not connected, not forming a basal cell. Ve n te r: prosternal process absent, on the side slightly concave, surface densely setose; setae slender short, tawny. Mesosternal surface sparsely setose, slightly concave in its middle. Metasternal surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate, setose; setae slender and long; metasternal apex divergent. Propygidium slightly convex at middle. Pygidium: recumbent, surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate; setose, setae moderately long, slender. Legs: coxae sparsely setose, setae long. Femoral surface sparsely setose, setae long. Protibia with 3 teeth; basal tooth small, surface with line of setae from base to apex. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with medial transverse carinae, carina with 6���8 spine-like setae; apices semicircular, transversely truncate. Tarsal claws bifurcated, symmetrical, short, and thick. Genitalia (Figs. 24 a���b): parameres simple, symmetrical, elongate, slender, tapered toward apex, without setose sulcus from base to apex on outer margin; parameres shorter than phallobase. Female. Unknown. Variation. The paratypes do not differ significantly from holotype; length ranges from 7.64���8.13 mm, width 3.37���3.74 mm. Some paratypes have elytra that are lighter in color than holotype. The holotype appears to be teneral as it is lighter in color than many of the paratypes. Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality, the locality corresponds to a tropical rain forest from the inter-Andean valleys of the Andes Mountain, in R��o Palenque near Santo Domingo, Pichincha, Ecuador (Fig. 29). Locality records. (55 adults, male). Ecuador: Pichincha, Santo Domingo (47 km S). Temporal distribution. February and May to July. Diagnosis. Males of this species are easily distinguished from E. pentaphylla and E. pedroantonioi by the following combination of characters: elytra with 5 striae, striae widely separated; tarsal claws shorter and thicker than in E. pentaphylla and E. pedroantonioi; pygidium more densely punctate. The unique form of the parameres and the lack of a setose sulcus from base to apex on outer margin are also diagnostic (the setose sulcus is present in E. pentaphylla and E. pedroantonioi). Etymology. From the latin ��� glaber ���, meaning absence hairs and -��� penis ���, meaning parameres; used here as referring to the lack of setae on the parameres of this species. Natural history. All that is known about the natural history of this species is that it has been collected in a rainforest on thewestern slope of the Ecuadorian Andes at 497 m., Published as part of Neita, Jhon Cesar & Ocampo, Federico C., 2012, A new genus and three new species of Neotropical Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 41-55 in Zootaxa 3281 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213516

Eideria pedroantonioi Neita and Ocampo, new species (Figs. 25 ���26, 28, 29) Type material. Holotype male at IAVH labeled: ��� Colombia, Tolima, Mariquita. / Trampa de Luz. / 5 �� 15 ��� 00.43��� N; 74 �� 55 ��� 01.71��� W. / 380 m. 23 -X- 2005. Coll. J.C. Neita Leg.��� Type locality. Colombia, Tolima, Mariquita. Description of holotype. Male. Length 7.83 mm, width 3.81 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, venter, and legs dark brown. Head (Fig. 25): surface convex, setose, densely punctate; punctures small (0.16 ��� 0.02 mm); interocular width 0.7 mm. Eye canthus rounded with sparse, long, slender setae. Frontoclypeal suture well defined, complete. Clypeus parabolic; surface concave, densely punctuate; punctures moderate in size (0.022���0.040 mm) (Fig. 25). Clypeal margin reflexed. Clypeal ventral surface setose, setae slender and long. Labrum reduced, conical, setose; setae moderately long. Labium with poorly developed ligule, prominent. Maxillae with galea poorly developed, lacinia not developed, maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres; palpomere 4 as long as 1���3 combined. Antennae with 9 antennomeres; antennomere 1 robust; antennomere 2 globose; antennomeres 3 and 4 with base cylindrical, apex broad; antennal club with 4 antennomeres with few setae (Fig. 25). Pronotum (Fig. 25): Convex, wider than long at middle. Surface densely punctate, ocellate, setose; punctures moderate in size (0.02���0.05 mm). Marginal bead present; anterior margin concave, with membrane; lateral margins nearly smooth, setose; setae hair-like, long; posterior margin slightly defined at middle. Anterior angles rounded; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum (Fig. 25): Surface opaque, densely punctate, setose; punctures ocellate, moderate in size (0.015���0.025 mm), center smooth; apex rounded. Elytra (Fig. 25): convex, elongate, subparallel. Surface opaque, densely punctate, setose; punctures moderate in size (0.04���0.06 mm); setae long, hair like. Elytra with 4 striae, interstriae well developed, wide. Elytral margins setose; setae long, hair-like. Hind wings: subcostal and radial veins well sclerotized, not reaching radial sector vein at wing apex; radial sector vein forked at apex; medial vein well developed; medial loop short; cubital vein slightly sclerotized apically from medial loop connection; anal veins 1 and 2 not connected, not forming a basal cell. Venter: prosternal process absent; slightly concave on sides, surface with dense setae; setae slender, short, tawny. Mesosternal surface sparsely setose, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface densely punctate, ocellate, setose; setae slender, long; metasternal apex divergent at middle. Abdomen with 3 exposed ventrites medially; ventrite V longer than ventrite IV; prepygidium slightly convex at middle. Pygidium: recumbent; surface densely punctate; punctures ocellate, setose; setae slender, moderately long. Legs: coxae sparsely setose, setae long. Femora with surface sparsely setose, setae long. Protibia with 3 teeth, basal tooth small, dorsal surface with a line of setae from base to apex. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with medial transverse carinae, carinae with 4���5 spine-like setae; apex semicircular, transversely truncate. Tarsal claws bifurcated, symmetrical. Genitalia (Figs. 26 a-b): parameres simple, symmetrical, elongated, tapered toward apex; parameres shorter than phallobase, with a setose sulcus on outer surface; phallobase slender. Female. Unknown. Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality, which is a tropical dry forest from the inter- Andean valleys of Cordillera Oriental in Mariquita, Tolima, Colombia (Fig. 29). Locality records. (1 adult, male). Colombia: Tolima, Mariquita. Temporal distribution. October. Diagnosis. Males of this species are easily distinguished from E. pentaphylla by the following combination of characters: Antennal club with 4 antennomeres, antennomeres 3���5 slender, cylindrical; antennomeres 3 and 4 similar in length, antennomere 5 longer than 3 and 4; elytra with 4 striae, striae widely separated. The unique form of the parameres, which has a sulcus from base to apex on outer margin, is also diagnostic. Etymology. We are pleased to name this species after the senior author���s (JCN) father Pedro Antonio Neita Rodriguez. Natural history. All that is known about the natural history of this species is that the only known specimen was attracted to lights in a dry forest in the Colombian Andes at 380 m (Fig. 28)., Published as part of Neita, Jhon Cesar & Ocampo, Federico C., 2012, A new genus and three new species of Neotropical Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 41-55 in Zootaxa 3281 on page 52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213516

Gracilaclopus nigroscutatus Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 19, 20, 29, 32) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: labral apex indented at middle; body bicolored with scutellum dark brown or black (darker than elytra); size Description. Holotype male. Length 4.66 mm, width 2.30 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum black; elytra brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface dark brown to black. Head (Fig. 19): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base; surface punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view apex slightly indented at middle, reflexed, glabrous. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 20): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle rightangled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse; sparsely setose, setae short. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 29): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved; apex rounded. Remarks. The paratype is missing the left elytron, otherwise it does not differ from the holotype. Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA, prov. Córdoba, depto. / Calamuchita / Salsacate, Ene 1979 / leg. M. Viana”; “Colección J. E Barriga / CHILE 115742 ”; “ Gracilaclopus / nigroscutatus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red label). Paratype (male). One paratype at JEBC labeled as holotype: “Colección J. E Barriga / CHILE 118009 ”; “ Gracilaclopus / nigroscutatus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Type Locality. Argentina, Córdoba, Salsacate. Etymology. From the Latin “ nigro” and “ scutatus”, meaning black scutellum, refering to the color of the scutellum of this species. Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA. Córdoba: Salsacate (2). Temporal distribution. January (2).

Desertaclopus lucasi Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs 35, 37, 40, 43) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other species of Desertaclopus based on the following combination of characters: distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size> 0.8 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 40. Description. Holotype male. Length 9.84 mm, width 4.62 mm. Color: Head, pronotum black; elytra brown on disc black on margins; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown to black. Head (Fig. 35): Eye canthus well developed, apex slightly reflexed, bearing 4–5 setae, setae short; frontocanthal carina present. Eyes well developed, rounded, weakly divided by eye canthus. Frons flat on apical half, convex at base with well developed transversal carina, carinae slightly depressed at middle; surface smooth, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin rounded; frontoclypeal suture developed as carina; carina with setae, setae moderately long, slender; clypeal surface sparsely punctate. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina. Labral shape semicircular in dorsal view apex rounded, reflexed, glabrous. Mandibular outer margin broadly sinuate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed (Fig. 35), ventral surface moderately setose, setae long. Labium las long as wide, strongly reduced, labial palp with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1–2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with four palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 36): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, glabrous, except for margins. Marginal bead present in all margins; anterior margin concave, with deep furrow, membrane well developed; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Subtriangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra (Fig. 37): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate; punctures sparse, glabrous. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Ve n te r: Surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3–5 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs: Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae, with one transverse carina. Mesotibial apex with fringe of thick setae, metatibial apex with small setae. Metatibia robust, apical width 2 / 3 as long as tibiae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1, 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Figs. 40 a–c): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, simple, symmetrical, apex rounded, club-like. Genital segment developed as ventral plate. Remarks. Only males are known; they vary in length (8.12–11.80 mm), and color (one paratype has black elytra). Peter Allsopp (Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Bundaberg, Australia) first recognized this as a new species, but it was never formally described (based on determination labels, see type material for D. lucasi) Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “R. A. CATAMARCA / 6 Km. Sta. María / 6 -XII- 1969 / A. Willink-Stange Col.”; “ Desertaclopus / lucas i / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red label). Paratypes (all male). Two paratypes (1 CMNC, 1 IAZA) labeled: “ ARGENTINA / Catamarca / Santa María / Fritz-leg. / Coll. Martínez / Ene. 941.” One paratype (CMNC) labeled: “ ARGENTINA / Catamarca / D° Sta. María / P. de Balasto / Coll. Martínez / Feb. 943 ”. One paratype (BMNH) labeled: “ ARGENTINA / La Rioja Prov. / Patquia / K.J. Hayward / B.M. 1932 - 33 ”; “ PARATYPE / Aclopus / bicarinatus / Allsopp / det. P. G. Allsopp. 1980 ”. One paratype (CMNC) labeled: “ ARGENTINA / Salta / Alemania / Nuñez legit / Coll. Martínez / Nov. 948 ”. All paratypes labeled: “ Desertaclopus / lucasi / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Etymology. This species is named after FCO’s nephew, Lucas Salemme, to encourage his love for nature and fascination with the world’s insect diversity. Distribution (Fig. 43). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Santa María (1), Santa María (6 km from), Punta de Balasto (1). La Rioja: Patquía (1). Salta: Alemania (1). Temporal distribution. January (2), February (1), November (1), December (1).

Gracilaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, new genus (Figs. 5–32) Type species. Gracilaclopus electricus Ocampo & Mondaca, here designated Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from other aclopine genera by the following combination of characters: shape of the outer margin of the mandibles angulate (broadly rounded in Aclopus; sinuate in Desertaclopus); labral shape subrectangular and with apical margin strongly reflexed, (rounded and poorly or not reflexed in Aclopus and Desertaclopus); frons and clypeus lacking transversal carinae (present in Desertaclopus); mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae (two in Aclopus; one in Desertaclopus); mesotibial spurs contiguous and metatibial spurs apart, metatarsus folds between spurs. Description. Males. Scarabaeidae, Aclopinae, small to medium size (2.65–8.25 mm, width 1.35–3.65 mm), shape elongated with sub-parallel margins. Color: variable, light brown, brown, black, or bicolored. Head (Figs. 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21): Eye canthus well developed, anterior margin slightly reflexed, posterior margin bearing a few short setae (1–5); frontocanthal carina poorly developed or absent. Eyes well developed, clearly visible on dorsal view, rounded, barely divided by eye canthus. Frons generally flat on apical half, convex at base. Clypeus transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight or slightly curved, slightly reflexed; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labrum protruding beyond clypeal margin, shape variable. Mandibles protruding beyond clypeal margin, angulate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose or glabrous. Labium longer than wide, strongly reduced, labial palps with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1–2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with 4 palpomeres. Antennae with 8 antennomeres; antennal club with 3 lamellae, surface glabrous. Pronotum (Figs. 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22.): Convex, wider than long; surface punctate, glabrous or with few setae. Marginal bead present in all margins (sometimes reduced on posterior margin in middle); anterior margin concave, with membrane well developed; lateral margins broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angle nearly right-angled, slightly acute or right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular, apex rounded or slightly acute. Elytra (Fig. 14): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse to moderately dense, glabrous or setose, setae moderately long. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Vent er: Prosternal process with well developed columnar, densely setose. Metasternum long, ~ 0.7 times as long as wide; five ventrites exposed medially, ventrite 1 slightly visible; surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3 and 4 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs (Fig. 14): Femora robust, setose. Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of thick setae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibia, gracile. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1 and 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved or straight, simple, symmetrical (Figs. 23–30). Male genitalia: Parameres symmetrical, slender; genital capsule not developed, genital segment represented by ventral plate; plate with apical margin slightly indented with few setae (Fig. 27 c). Remarks. The genus is distributed primarily in Argentina, although we studied one specimen of G. parvulus with label data for Bolivia. However, we are not convinced that the specimen was correctly labeled. Etymology. The generic name comes from “gracil” from the Latin gracilis, meaning slender or thin in a charming or attractive way and “ Aclopus ” referring to the nominotypical genus of the subfamily. Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia (unconfirmed data).

Gracilaclopus caceresi Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 8 ���9, 24, 31) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: labral apex deeply indented in middle; head black, body light brown with scutellum same color as elytra (light brown); pronotum with a transversal row of setae in middle on each side of disc, setae sparse, long; size Description. Holotype male. Length 4.07 mm, width 1.57 mm. Color: Head black, pronotum and elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 8): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base, surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view apex strongly indented in middle, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 9): Surface sparsely punctate, with one row of sparse setae on each side of disc; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 24): Parameres las long as phallobase, curved at middle; apex rounded not club-like. Type material: Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: San Juan / Salinas de Mascas��n. 423 m / S 31 �� 25 ��� 39 ���, W 67 ��04���05��� / XII- 12-2003. F. C. Ocampo���; ��� Gracilaclopus / caceresi / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLO- TYPE ��� (red label). Paratypes (all male). Seventeen paratypes (11 at IAZA [three in 95 % Et-OH], three FVMC, three JMEC) labeled as holotype except: ��� Gracilaclopus / caceresi / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Type locality. Argentina, San Juan, Salinas de Mascas��n (31 �� 25 ��� 39 ���S, 67 ��04���05���W). Etymology. We take great pleasure in naming this species after senior author���s friend Jos�� Mar��a C��ceres. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA. San Juan: Salinas de Mascas��n (18). Temporal distribution. December (18)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Aclopinae Blanchard, 1850 Type genus. Aclopus Erichson, 1835. Description. Small to medium-sized scarabs; color variable, light brown to black. Body elongated. Head and pronotum lacking horns. Mandibles and labrum protruding beyond clypeal apex, clearly visible on dorsal view, labrum and clypeus located on the same plane, shape variable. Antenna with 8–9 antennomeres, antennal club with three lamellae, lamellae small. Pronotum evenly convex, mostly glabrous, with few setae on each side of pronotal disc (at least one seta present), anterior margin with membrane well developed. Elytra: Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate; punctures sparse to moderately dense, glabrous, or setose; setae moderately long. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Vent er: Abdomen with 6 sclerotized sternites (only five are clearly visible [2-6]), sutures distinct. Pygidium not exposed beyond elytral apex. Protibia with two teeth, lacking tibial spur. Metatibial spurs separated or subcontiguous, metatarsus may pass between metatibial spurs or not (articulation of the metatarsus adjacent to the metatibial spurs so that the metatarsus can pass in between the spurs, or articulated above them so that the metatarsus pass over the spurs). Tarsal claws simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia symmetrical; aedeagus with parameres slender, variable in length. Genital segment not developed as a genital capsule, and limited to a ventral plate, plate subrectangular or elongatedoval, the ventral plate does not constitute a true spiculum gastrale. Abdominal spiracles placed on the pleural membrane. Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile.

Subfamily Aclopinae Recent studies indicate that the Aclopinae as previously considered does not constitute a monophyletic group (Smith et al. 2006; Ocampo et al. 2010). In a recent publication, Ocampo and Vaz-de-Mello (2008) excluded the Bornean genus Xenaclopus from the Aclopinae and placed it within Melolonthinae incertae sedis, because further studies are needed to reliably place this genus in the context of the melolonthine classification. Although the protruding labrum and mandibles are characters shared with the other genera currently placed in the subfamily Aclopinae, there is no evidence that supports that these characters are synapomorphic and are likely due to convergence. As a result of this study, we have removed both Phaenognatha and Neophaenognatha from the Aclopinae and place them in the tribe Phaenognathini within the subfamily Melolonthinae. The relationships of this tribe with other melolonthine tribes are uncertain. The most obvious difference between these genera and aclopines is the presence of a well developed genital capsule (the genital capsule is absent in aclopines). These data, along with morphological evidence, supports the hypothesis of a relationship between Phaenognatha and Neophaenognatha and the Chilean Lichniini (currently in Melolonthinae), and they together might constitute a distinct and ancient lineage of Scarabaeidae., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632, {"references":["Ocampo, F. C., Ruiz-Manzanos E., & Marvaldi A. E. (2010) Systematic revision, cladistics, and biogeography of the genus Neogutierrezia Martinez 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and its phylogenetic placement in Rutelinae based on structural alignment of 28 S rDNA sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 81 - 111.","Ocampo, F. C. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. (2008) The genus Xenaclopus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): redescription and removal from the Aclopinae, with systematic notes. Zootaxa, 1916, 57 - 62."]}

Gracilaclopus electricus Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 15, 16, 27 a–c, 32) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: Labral apex indented at middle; body bicolored with scutellum and elytra both light brown; size Description. Holotype male. Length 3.07, width 1.58 mm. Color: Head and pronotum brown to dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons; elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 15): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base; surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view apex indented at middle, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 16): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine like setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 27 a-c): Parameres as long as phallobase, curved at middle; apex rounded. Remarks. Only males are known and they vary only slightly in length (2.90–3.40 mm, width 1.52–1.75 mm). Type material: Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Dique el Carrizal, 823 m / S 33 ° 17 ’ 30 ”, W 68 ° 44 ’ 32 ” / Jan 2. 2002. F. C. Ocampo” “ Gracilaclopus / electricus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLO- TYPE (red holotype label). Paratypes (all male). Eight paratypes at IAZA labeled as holotype except for paratype labels. Twenty-seven paratypes (17 IAZA, 10 UNSM, 17 CMNC) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa, Ñacuñán / Campo Quemado / 7 -II- 1988. S. Lagos.” Eighteen paratypes (10 IAZA, 8 MNCN) labeled: “ARGEN- TINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa Ñacuñán / 12 -XII- 1998. S. Lagos”. Seven paratypes at IAZA labeled: “ARGEN- TINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa Ñacuñán / 18 -VII- 1998. S. Lagos”. Seventeen paratypes (10 IAZA, 7 JMEC) “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa Ñacuñán / 18 -VII – 16 -VIII - 1998. S. Lagos”. Four paratypes at IAZA labeled: “R.A. Mza. Sta. Rosa / Ñacuñán 29 -XII- 97 al 07-II- 98. S. Lagos”. Four paratypes at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa Ñacuñán / 12 -I- 1997. S. Lagos”. Seven paratypes at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa Ñacuñán / 20 -X - 22 -XI- 1997. S. Lagos”. Sixteen paratypes (6 IAZA, 10 FVMC) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa Ñacuñán / 17 -I- 2004. G. Flores. Five paratypes at IAZA labeled: R.A. Mza. Sta. Rosa / Ñacuñán / 22 - 12-1996. / S. Roig.” One paratype at CMNC labeled: Mendoza / El Challao / 1 -IV- 1949 ”. One paratype at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Reserva de la Biósfera Ñacuñán, Médanos / 34 °00’ 12 ”S 67 ° 55 ’08”W / 569 m. 4 Feb. 2006. At light. / F. C. Ocampo, E. Ruiz, / G. Zalazar. All paratypes labeled: Gracilaclopus / electricus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE (yellow label). Type locality. Argentina, Mendoza, Dique el Carrizal (33 ° 17 ’ 30 ” S, 68 ° 44 ’ 32 ” W). Etymology. The name “ electricus ” refers to the characteristic behavior of this species that jumps and walks in an electric or excited manner when it arrives at a light trap. Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA. Mendoza: Ñacuñán (106), El Challao (1), Dique el Carrizal (9). Temporal distribution. January (33), February (33), March (3), July (7), July-August (17), October-November (6), November (2), December (17). Gracilaclopus morochus Ocampo & Mondaca , new species (Figs. 17, 18, 28, 32) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: Labral apex truncate, slightly indented in middle, lacking deep indentation or teeth; body dark brown or black; size> 5.0 mm; male genitalia as Figs. 28. Description. Holotype male. Length 3.73 mm, width 1.30 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, elytra, scutellum dark brown to black; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface dark brown to black. Head (Fig. 17): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base; surface punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex slightly indented in middle, reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 18): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, sparsely setose, setae short. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 28): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved; apex rounded. Remarks. Only males are known and they vary only in size (3.25–3.90 mm, width 1.36–1.52 mm). Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Catamarca / RP 2. S of Ancasti. 573 m / 28 ° 52 ’ 57 ”S, 65 ° 25 ’04”W. / 18 /XII/09. F. C. Ocampo / C. Dominguez, F. Campón”; “ Gracilaclopus / morochus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ”. Paratypes (all male). Forty paratypes (33 IAZA [20 preserved in 95 ° et-OH at - 20 °C], 6 JMEC, 3 UNSM,) labeled as holotype except for: “ Gracilaclopus / morochus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARAYPE”. Type locality. Argentina, Catamarca, Ruta Provincial N° 2, S of Ancasti (28 ° 52 ’ 57 ”S, 65 ° 25 ’04”W). Etymology. This species is named “ morochus ”, from the Argentinean slang “ morocho ” meaning dark in color, referring to the dark brown or black color of this species. Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA. Catamarca: Ruta Provincial N° 2 (south of Ancasti) (41). Temporal distribution. December (41).

Key to genera of Aclopinae of the world 1. Head with two well developed transverse carinae on frons and clypeus (Figs. 33, 35, 38), mesotibia and metatibia with one transverse carinae........................................................................... Desertaclopus 1 '. Head lacking two transverse carinae, mesotibia and metatibia with two transverse carinae............................ 2 2. Mandibles with external margin broadly rounded (Figs. 1���4), labrum not reflexed or poorly reflexed............... Aclopus 2 '. Mandibles with external margin strongly angled (Figs. 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21), if poorly angled, then metatibial spurs apart with notch in middle; labrum strongly reflexed................................................... Gracilaclopus, Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Gracilaclopus electricus Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 15, 16, 27 a���c, 32) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: Labral apex indented at middle; body bicolored with scutellum and elytra both light brown; size Description. Holotype male. Length 3.07, width 1.58 mm. Color: Head and pronotum brown to dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons; elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 15): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base; surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view apex indented at middle, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 16): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine like setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 27 a-c): Parameres as long as phallobase, curved at middle; apex rounded. Remarks. Only males are known and they vary only slightly in length (2.90���3.40 mm, width 1.52���1.75 mm). Type material: Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Dique el Carrizal, 823 m / S 33 �� 17 ��� 30 ���, W 68 �� 44 ��� 32 ��� / Jan 2. 2002. F. C. Ocampo��� ��� Gracilaclopus / electricus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLO- TYPE (red holotype label). Paratypes (all male). Eight paratypes at IAZA labeled as holotype except for paratype labels. Twenty-seven paratypes (17 IAZA, 10 UNSM, 17 CMNC) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa, ��acu����n / Campo Quemado / 7 -II- 1988. S. Lagos.��� Eighteen paratypes (10 IAZA, 8 MNCN) labeled: ���ARGEN- TINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa ��acu����n / 12 -XII- 1998. S. Lagos���. Seven paratypes at IAZA labeled: ���ARGEN- TINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa ��acu����n / 18 -VII- 1998. S. Lagos���. Seventeen paratypes (10 IAZA, 7 JMEC) ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa ��acu����n / 18 -VII ��� 16 -VIII - 1998. S. Lagos���. Four paratypes at IAZA labeled: ���R.A. Mza. Sta. Rosa / ��acu����n 29 -XII- 97 al 07-II- 98. S. Lagos���. Four paratypes at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa ��acu����n / 12 -I- 1997. S. Lagos���. Seven paratypes at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa ��acu����n / 20 -X - 22 -XI- 1997. S. Lagos���. Sixteen paratypes (6 IAZA, 10 FVMC) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Santa Rosa ��acu����n / 17 -I- 2004. G. Flores. Five paratypes at IAZA labeled: R.A. Mza. Sta. Rosa / ��acu����n / 22 - 12-1996. / S. Roig.��� One paratype at CMNC labeled: Mendoza / El Challao / 1 -IV- 1949 ���. One paratype at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Reserva de la Bi��sfera ��acu����n, M��danos / 34 ��00��� 12 ���S 67 �� 55 ���08���W / 569 m. 4 Feb. 2006. At light. / F. C. Ocampo, E. Ruiz, / G. Zalazar. All paratypes labeled: Gracilaclopus / electricus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE (yellow label). Type locality. Argentina, Mendoza, Dique el Carrizal (33 �� 17 ��� 30 ��� S, 68 �� 44 ��� 32 ��� W). Etymology. The name ��� electricus ��� refers to the characteristic behavior of this species that jumps and walks in an electric or excited manner when it arrives at a light trap. Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA. Mendoza: ��acu����n (106), El Challao (1), Dique el Carrizal (9). Temporal distribution. January (33), February (33), March (3), July (7), July-August (17), October-November (6), November (2), December (17). Gracilaclopus morochus Ocampo & Mondaca , new species (Figs. 17, 18, 28, 32) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: Labral apex truncate, slightly indented in middle, lacking deep indentation or teeth; body dark brown or black; size> 5.0 mm; male genitalia as Figs. 28. Description. Holotype male. Length 3.73 mm, width 1.30 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, elytra, scutellum dark brown to black; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface dark brown to black. Head (Fig. 17): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base; surface punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex slightly indented in middle, reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 18): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, sparsely setose, setae short. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 28): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved; apex rounded. Remarks. Only males are known and they vary only in size (3.25���3.90 mm, width 1.36���1.52 mm). Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Catamarca / RP 2. S of Ancasti. 573 m / 28 �� 52 ��� 57 ���S, 65 �� 25 ���04���W. / 18 /XII/09. F. C. Ocampo / C. Dominguez, F. Camp��n���; ��� Gracilaclopus / morochus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ���. Paratypes (all male). Forty paratypes (33 IAZA [20 preserved in 95 �� et-OH at - 20 ��C], 6 JMEC, 3 UNSM,) labeled as holotype except for: ��� Gracilaclopus / morochus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARAYPE���. Type locality. Argentina, Catamarca, Ruta Provincial N�� 2, S of Ancasti (28 �� 52 ��� 57 ���S, 65 �� 25 ���04���W). Etymology. This species is named ��� morochus ���, from the Argentinean slang ��� morocho ��� meaning dark in color, referring to the dark brown or black color of this species. Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA. Catamarca: Ruta Provincial N�� 2 (south of Ancasti) (41). Temporal distribution. December (41)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Desertaclopus marcosi Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 38, 39, 41, 43) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) more than twice as the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size 5.2 –8.0 mm; male genitalia as in Fig. 41. Description. Holotype male. Length 5.58 mm, width 2.11 mm. Color: Head, pronotum dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons; elytra brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 38): Eye canthus well developed, apex slightly reflexed, bearing 3–5 setae, setae short; frontocanthal carina present. Eyes well developed, rounded, not divided by eye canthus. Frons flat on apical half, convex at base with well developed transversal carina; surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin rounded; clypeal disc and with well-developed carina, carina with fringe of setae on basal margin; frontoclypeal suture obsolete; clypeal surface punctate. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) more than twice as the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina. Labral shape semicircular in dorsal view apex rounded, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Mandibular outer margin broadly sinuate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose, setae long. Labium as long as wide, strongly reduced, labial palps with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1–2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with four palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 39): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, glabrous, except for margins. Marginal bead present in all margins; anterior margin concave, with deep furrow, membrane well developed; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Ve n te r: Surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3–5 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs: Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spurs not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae each with one transverse carina. Mesotibial and metatibial apices with fringe of thick setae/spines. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1, 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Fig. 41): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, narrowed at apical third (on lateral view), simple, symmetrical, apex rounded. Remarks. Only males are known and they vary only slightly in length (5.0–8.0 mm). Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “R.A. San Juan / Río Usno 10 km / 10 km N Valle Fértil / 10 / I / 198 / Col. Willink”; “ Desertaclopus / marcosi / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red label). Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes (2 FSCA, 1 IAZA) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: La Rioja / Tambillos. 1750m / 12 -XII- 2003, L. Stange / At light.” One paratype (FSCA) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: La Rioja / Malligasta. 1000m / 14 -XII- 2003. P. Fidalgo / & L. Stange. At light At / base of mts”. One paratype (FSCA) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: prov of / Catamarca. Ca. Agua / de las Palomas / 19 -XII- 1971 / C. Porter, L. Stange”. One paratype (VMDC) labeled: “ARGEN- TINA: LA RIOJA / Cuesta Lo Miranda / 16 Febrero 1999 / Leg. Gerardo Arriagada”; One paratype (IAZA) labeled: “ ARGENTINA / San Juan / Valle Fértil / El Baldecito / Coll. Martínez / Dec. 1964 ”. One paratype (IAZA) labeled: “RA La Rioja / Londres / 7 /XI/ 95 / Roig/ Flores / IADIZA. All paratypes labeled: “ Desertaclopus / marcosi / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Etymology. This species is named after FCO’s nephew, Marcos Salemme, to encourage his love for nature and fascination for the world’s insect diversity. Distribution (Fig. 43). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Agua de las Palomas (1), Londres (1) [the paratype label incorrectly indicates La Rioja for this locality]. La Rioja: Cuesta de Miranda (1), Tambillos (3), Malligasta (1). San Juan: El Baldecito (1), Río Usno (10 km N Valle Fértil) (1). Temporal distribution. January (1), February (1), November (1), December (6).

Key to species of Gracilaclopus 1. Labrum with two teeth at apex, teeth strongly developed and reflexed (Fig. 5)................. G. bidentulus new species 1 ’. Labrum complete lacking teeth, with apex straight or indented in middle, if indented, indentation variable in depth (Figs. 8 –10, 15, 17, 19, 21)........................................................................................ 2 2. Labrum with apex indented.............................................................................. 3 2 ’. Labrum with apex complete (could be slightly sinuous in middle)................................................ 4 3. Scutellum dark-brown or black; parameres as Fig. 29.................................. G. nigroscutatus new species 3 ’. Scutellum light brown (same color as elytra) parameres different from above...................................... 5 4. Pronotum brown, with 1–3 setae on each side of disc on middle, parameres as Fig. 27 a........... G. electricus new species. 4 ’. Pronotum light brown, with a row of 5–6 long setae on each side of disc on middle, male genitalia as Fig. 24................................................................................................ G. caceresi new species 5. Labrum broadly rounded, with apical margin thickened (Fig. 12).......................... G. crepuscularis new species 5 ’. Labrum subrectangular (on dorsal view), apical margin not thickened............................................. 6 6. Body with color uniform, dark brown or black; parameres as Fig. 28......................... G. morochus. new species 6 ’. Body bicolor, head and pronotum dark brown, elytra light brown; parameres different from above...................... 7 7. Males with parameres as Fig. 25; body size> 5.0 mm.................................... G. candelariae new species 7 ’. Males with parameres as Fig. 30; Body size G. parvulus (Ohaus)

Gracilaclopus candelariae Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 10, 11, 25, 31) Diagnosis. This species is recognized by the following combination of characters: labral apex truncate lacking indentation or teeth; body bicolored; size> 5.5 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 25. Description. Holotype male. Length 5.53 mm, width 2.30 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum brown to dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons; elytra light brown, elytral suture darker then disc; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 10): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base, surface sparsely to densely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate, with small transversal carina in middle. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex not indented in middle, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 11): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures moderately dense, setose, setae long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 25): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved; apex rounded. Remarks. Males vary slightly in length (4.89–6.18 mm, width 2.03–3.03) and color, some specimens being darker or lighter in color. Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Catamarca / Termas de Hualfín. 1864 m / S 27 ° 12 ’ 46 ” W 66 ° 51 ’ 56 ” / XII- 8-2003 / F. C. Ocampo.”; “ Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red label). Paratypes (all male). Fifty-five paratypes (48 at IAZA [41 preserved in 95 ° et-OH at - 20 °C], five at JMEC, and three at FVMC) labeled as holotype except for “ Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Three paratypes (one at IAZA and two at JEBC) labeled: “ ARGENTINA: Catamarca / Pta. de Balasto 3-15 /II/01 / G. Arriagada”; “ Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Thirty-eight paratypes at IAZA (34 preserved in et-OH at - 20 °C) labeled ARGENTINA: Salta / 4 km N Cafayate / 26 ° 3 ' 52 ''S, 65 ° 56 ' 19 ''W / 1583 m 23 -XI- 2006 / F. Ocampo, E. Ruiz, G. San Blas, G. Zalazar. “ Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Type locality. Argentina, Catamarca, Termas de Hualfín (S 27 ° 12 ’ 46 ” W 66 ° 51 ’ 56). Etymology. This species is named after FCO’s neice, Candelaria Ocampo, to encourage her love for nature and fascination with the world’s insect diversity. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA. Catamarca: Punta de Balasto (2), Termas de Hualfín (55). Salta: Cafayate (4 km N) (38). Temporal distribution. February (2), November (38), December (55).

Desertaclopus atacamensis Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 33, 34, 42, 43) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other species of Desertaclopus based on the following combination of characters: distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size> 10 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 42. Description. Holotype male. Length 6.44 mm, width 3.27 mm. Color: Head, pronotum black; elytra brown on disc black on margins; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown to black. Head (Fig. 33): Eye canthus well developed, apex slightly reflexed, bearing 4���5 setae, setae short; fronto-canthal carina present. Eyes well developed, rounded, not divided by eye canthus. Frons flat on apical half, convex at base with well developed transversal carina, carinae slightly depressed in middle; surface smooth, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin rounded; frontoclypeal suture developed as carina; carina with setae, setae moderately long, slender; clypeal surface sparsely punctate. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina. Labral shape semicircular in dorsal view apex rounded, reflexed, glabrous. Mandibular outer margin broadly sinuate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose, setae long. Labium as long as wide, strongly reduced, labial palp with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1���2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with four palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 34): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, glabrous, except for margins. Marginal bead present in all margins; anterior margin concave, with deep furrow, membrane well developed; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Subtriangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra (Fig. 34): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse, glabrous. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae. Ve n te r: Surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3���5 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond elytral margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs (Fig. 34): Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with one transverse carina. Mesotibial apex with fringe of thick setae, metatibial apex with small setae. Metatibia robust, apical width 2 / 3 as long as tibiae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1, 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Figs. 42 a���b): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, simple, symmetrical, apex rounded, club-like. Type material. Holotype male at MNNC labeled: ��� CHILE / Atacama / Vallenar / Carrizal Bajo / XII- 1989 / H. V��squez Col.��� ��� Desertaclopus / atacamensis / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ��� (red label). Two male paratypes (1 IAZA, 1 LEULS) labeled as holotype except for: ��� Desertaclopus / atacamensis / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ���. Seven male paratypes (3 AUPC, 1 CMNC, 2 MNNC, 1 UNSM) labeled: ��� CHILE / Copiap�� / Bah��a Inglesa / Rocas Negras / 18 -I- 1998 / A. Ugarte Col.���. Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes (1 MNNC, 1 MACN, 1 UCCC) labeled: ��� CHILE / Copiap�� / Bah��a Inglesa / 7 -IV- 1981 / G. Gonz��lez Col.��� Four paratypes (2 JEBC, 2 JMEC) labeled: ��� CHILE / Copiap�� prov. / 37 Km W Copiap��; inland dunes, 171 m; malaise trap / 27 �� 21.02 ���S, 70 ��38,73���W / 16 nov/ 20 dic 2003 / M.E. Irwin & F.D. Parker Legs. One paratype at JMEC labeled: ��� CHILE / Atacama / Bah��a Salada / 25 -I- 1991 / M. Guerrero Coll.��� One paratype (CMNC) labeled: ��� CHILE / Atacama / Posada Cacer��n / G. Arriagada Leg. / Coll. Mart��nez / 14 -X- 992 ���. One paratype (CUMCE) labeled: ��� CHILE / Copiap�� / Puerto Viejo / 16 -X- 2000 / J. Mondaca E. Coll.���. One paratype (IAZA) preserved in 95 % ethanol labeled: ��� CHILE. Reg. Atacama / Cruce ruta 5 Norte / Puerto Viejo / Cha��ares / 24 -01- 2010 / Ruiz-Manzanos, Mondaca, Alfaro���. Eight paratypes (4 JMEC, 1 IAZA, 1 JEBC, 1 LEULS, 1 VMDC) labeled: ��� Chile, Atacama / Bah��a Cisne, 1 -II- 2011, F. Alfaro coll.��� Nineteen male paratypes (5 LEULS, 2 IAZA, 1 MNNC, 1 UCCC, 1 MACN, 1 CUMCE, 1 CMNC, 1 UNSM, 6 JMEC) labeled: ��� CHILE ATACAMA / Playa Blanca, Huasco / 28 �� 11 ��� 11.57 ������S, 71 ��09��� 36.19 ������W, 15 m / 18 -II- 2012, F.M. Alfaro coll.���. One paratype (JMEC) labeled: ��� CHILE ATACAMA / Puerto de Caldera / 16 -XII- 2011 / col. A. Fajardo���. All paratypes labeled: ��� Desertaclopus / atacamensis / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Remarks. Only males are known, and they vary in length (3.90���5.30 mm) and slightly in color, (some specimens have darker elytral margins than others). Etymology. The species name refers to the type locality Atacama in Chile. Distribution (Fig. 43). CHILE: Atacama: Bah��a Cisne (8), Bah��a Inglesa (10), Bah��a Salada (1), Carrizal Bajo (3), Copiap��, 37 km W (4), Cruce Ruta 5 Norte/Puerto Viejo (1), Posada Caser��n (1), Puerto Viejo (1). Temporal distribution. January (9), February (27), April (3), October (2), November/December (5), December (3)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Key to species of Desertaclopus 1. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) more than twice as the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size 5.0���9.0 mm......................................................................... 2 1 ���. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size> 11.0 mm; males with parameres as in Figs. 40 a���b............. Desertaclopus lucasi new species. 2. Males with parameres as in Fig. 41 a; Argentina........................................... D. marcosi new species. 2 ���. Males with parameres as in Fig. 42; Chile............................................ D. atacamensis new species., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Gracilaclopus parvulus (Ohaus 1910) (Figs. 21, 22, 30, 32) Aclopus parvulus Ohaus 1910: 175. Gracilaclopus parvulus (Ohaus), new combination Diagnosis. This species is recognized by the following combination of characters: labral apex complete, lacking indentation or teeth; body bicolored; size Redescription. Male Length 3.40���4.30 mm, width 1.40���2.10 mm. Color: Head dark brown, pronotum brown; elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 21): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base, surface at base sparsely punctate, glabrous, at apex densely punctate, punctures large. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate, punctures large. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex rounded, strongly reflexed, surface slightly carinate at middle, glabrous. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 22): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, bearing few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angles slightly acute posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, subtriangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 30): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved, simple, symmetrical, apex rounded. Type material. According to Ohaus (1910) the type material of A. parvulus is in the Bruch collection at the MACN, but it could not be found. Another attempt to find it at the Museum f��r Naturkunde (Berlin) (where most of Ohaus��� material is deposited) was also unsuccessful. We presume that the type specimen lost. In order to preserve the nomenclatural stability of the name, a neotype for A. parvulus Ohaus is designated. Aclopus parvulus Ohaus neotype here designated at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: / Prov. Catamarca / Andalgal��. 27 February 1973 / Frank A. Enders���; ���Pitfall trap / creosotebush / desert / S-C- 3 ��� ��� Aclopus / parvulus / Ohaus NEOTYPE / Ocampo & Mondaca det.��� A neotype is here designated to provide for the nomenclatural stability of the taxon studied, according to the Article 72 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Remarks. Only males are known. Specimens vary slightly in size (see description) and color (some specimens have darker elytra). Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Agua Amarilla (1), Andalgal�� (1), R��o Potrero (65 km N Andalgal��) (1). La Rioja: Patqu��a (2), Guandacol (68). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Camir�� (5 km S) (1). Temporal distribution. December (68), December-January (2), February (3)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632, {"references":["Ohaus, F. (1910) Neue Coleoptera lamellicornia aus Argentinien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1910, 173 - 186."]}

Desertaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, new genus (Figs. 33–43) Type species. Desertaclopus lucasi Ocampo & Mondaca, here designated. Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from the other aclopine genera by the following combination of characters: shape of the outer margin of the mandibles sinuous or slightly angulate (broadly rounded in Aclopus; angulate in Gracilaclopus); labral shape rounded and not reflexed (subrectangular and strongly reflexed in Gracilaclopus; rounded; reflexed or not in Aclopus); frons and clypeus with one transverse carinae (lacking in Aclopus and Gracilaclopus); eye canthus well developed, thumb-like; mesotibia and metatibia with one transverse carinae (two in Gracilaclopus and Aclopus), mesotibial spurs contiguous and metatibial spurs apart, metatarsus folds between spurs. Description. Male. Scarabaeidae, Aclopinae, medium in size (4.33–11.50 mm, width 1.68–5.15 mm). Shape elongate with subparallel margins. Color: variable, light brown, brown, black or bicolored. Head (Figs. 33, 35, 38): Eye canthus well developed, anterior margin reflexed, posterior margin bearing 3–6 setae, setae short; frontocanthal carina present, well developed. Eyes well developed clearly visible on dorsal view, rounded, not divided by eye canthus. Frons convex, with well developed transversal carinae. Clypeus transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin straight or broadly rounded, slightly reflexed or not with well developed transversal carinae; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labrum protruding beyond clypeal margin, shape semicircular. Mandibles protruding beyond clypeal margin, sinuate or angulate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose or glabrous. Labium longer than wide, strongly reduced, labial palps with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as or slightly shorter than 1–2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long, and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, palp with 4 palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Figs. 33, 36, 39): Convex, wider than long. Surface punctate, glabrous or with few setae. Marginal bead present on anterior and lateral margins (lacking on posterior margin); anterior margin slightly concave or straight, with membrane well developed; lateral margins broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angle, slightly obtuse or right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular or sub triangular, apex rounded. Elytra (Figs. 34, 37): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse or moderately dense, glabrous or with very few setae, setae short. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Venter: Prosternal process with welldeveloped columnar, densely setose. Metasternum long, ~ 0.6 times as long as wide; six ventrites exposed medially, ventrite 1 slightly visible; surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3 and 4 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely or densely setose; setae long, slender. Legs (Figs. 34, 37): Femora robust, setose. Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with one transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of thick setae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1 and 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved or straight, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Figs. 40–42): Parameres symmetrical, slender genital segment with ventral plate developed, plate with apical margin rounded (Fig. 40 c), dorsal plates not developed. Etymology. From the Latin “ desertum ” and the generic name Aclopus, referring to the habitat where the species in this genus were found. Distribution: Argentina, Chile.

Gracilaclopus caceresi Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 8 –9, 24, 31) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: labral apex deeply indented in middle; head black, body light brown with scutellum same color as elytra (light brown); pronotum with a transversal row of setae in middle on each side of disc, setae sparse, long; size Description. Holotype male. Length 4.07 mm, width 1.57 mm. Color: Head black, pronotum and elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 8): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base, surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view apex strongly indented in middle, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 9): Surface sparsely punctate, with one row of sparse setae on each side of disc; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 24): Parameres las long as phallobase, curved at middle; apex rounded not club-like. Type material: Holotype male at IAZA labeled: “ ARGENTINA: San Juan / Salinas de Mascasín. 423 m / S 31 ° 25 ’ 39 ”, W 67 °04’05” / XII- 12-2003. F. C. Ocampo”; “ Gracilaclopus / caceresi / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLO- TYPE ” (red label). Paratypes (all male). Seventeen paratypes (11 at IAZA [three in 95 % Et-OH], three FVMC, three JMEC) labeled as holotype except: “ Gracilaclopus / caceresi / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Type locality. Argentina, San Juan, Salinas de Mascasín (31 ° 25 ’ 39 ”S, 67 °04’05”W). Etymology. We take great pleasure in naming this species after senior author’s friend José María Cáceres. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA. San Juan: Salinas de Mascasín (18). Temporal distribution. December (18).

Aclopus brunneus Erichson, 1835 (Fig. 1) Aclopus brunneus Erichson 1835: 261; Ohaus 1909: 431: Allsopp 1984: 209. Aclopus intermedius Blanchard, 1850 (Fig. 2) Aclopus intermedius Blanchard 1850: 96; Allsopp 1984: 209. Aclopus robustus Arrow, 1909 (Fig. 3) Aclopus robustus Arrow, 1909: 507; Allsopp, 1984: 20. Aclopus vittatus Erichson, 1835 (Fig. 4) Aclopus vittatus Erichson 1835: 260; Allsopp 1984: 210. Aclopus wuenschei Ohaus 1912 (possibly a junior synonym of A. vittatus) Aclopus wuenschei Ohaus 1912: 82.

Desertaclopus atacamensis Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 33, 34, 42, 43) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other species of Desertaclopus based on the following combination of characters: distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size> 10 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 42. Description. Holotype male. Length 6.44 mm, width 3.27 mm. Color: Head, pronotum black; elytra brown on disc black on margins; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown to black. Head (Fig. 33): Eye canthus well developed, apex slightly reflexed, bearing 4–5 setae, setae short; fronto-canthal carina present. Eyes well developed, rounded, not divided by eye canthus. Frons flat on apical half, convex at base with well developed transversal carina, carinae slightly depressed in middle; surface smooth, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin rounded; frontoclypeal suture developed as carina; carina with setae, setae moderately long, slender; clypeal surface sparsely punctate. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina. Labral shape semicircular in dorsal view apex rounded, reflexed, glabrous. Mandibular outer margin broadly sinuate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose, setae long. Labium as long as wide, strongly reduced, labial palp with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1–2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with four palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 34): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, glabrous, except for margins. Marginal bead present in all margins; anterior margin concave, with deep furrow, membrane well developed; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Subtriangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra (Fig. 34): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse, glabrous. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae. Ve n te r: Surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3–5 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond elytral margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs (Fig. 34): Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with one transverse carina. Mesotibial apex with fringe of thick setae, metatibial apex with small setae. Metatibia robust, apical width 2 / 3 as long as tibiae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1, 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Figs. 42 a–b): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, simple, symmetrical, apex rounded, club-like. Type material. Holotype male at MNNC labeled: “ CHILE / Atacama / Vallenar / Carrizal Bajo / XII- 1989 / H. Vásquez Col.” “ Desertaclopus / atacamensis / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red label). Two male paratypes (1 IAZA, 1 LEULS) labeled as holotype except for: “ Desertaclopus / atacamensis / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ”. Seven male paratypes (3 AUPC, 1 CMNC, 2 MNNC, 1 UNSM) labeled: “ CHILE / Copiapó / Bahía Inglesa / Rocas Negras / 18 -I- 1998 / A. Ugarte Col.”. Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes (1 MNNC, 1 MACN, 1 UCCC) labeled: “ CHILE / Copiapó / Bahía Inglesa / 7 -IV- 1981 / G. González Col.” Four paratypes (2 JEBC, 2 JMEC) labeled: “ CHILE / Copiapó prov. / 37 Km W Copiapó; inland dunes, 171 m; malaise trap / 27 ° 21.02 ’S, 70 °38,73’W / 16 nov/ 20 dic 2003 / M.E. Irwin & F.D. Parker Legs. One paratype at JMEC labeled: “ CHILE / Atacama / Bahía Salada / 25 -I- 1991 / M. Guerrero Coll.” One paratype (CMNC) labeled: “ CHILE / Atacama / Posada Cacerón / G. Arriagada Leg. / Coll. Martínez / 14 -X- 992 ”. One paratype (CUMCE) labeled: “ CHILE / Copiapó / Puerto Viejo / 16 -X- 2000 / J. Mondaca E. Coll.”. One paratype (IAZA) preserved in 95 % ethanol labeled: “ CHILE. Reg. Atacama / Cruce ruta 5 Norte / Puerto Viejo / Chañares / 24 -01- 2010 / Ruiz-Manzanos, Mondaca, Alfaro”. Eight paratypes (4 JMEC, 1 IAZA, 1 JEBC, 1 LEULS, 1 VMDC) labeled: “ Chile, Atacama / Bahía Cisne, 1 -II- 2011, F. Alfaro coll.” Nineteen male paratypes (5 LEULS, 2 IAZA, 1 MNNC, 1 UCCC, 1 MACN, 1 CUMCE, 1 CMNC, 1 UNSM, 6 JMEC) labeled: “ CHILE ATACAMA / Playa Blanca, Huasco / 28 ° 11 ’ 11.57 ’’S, 71 °09’ 36.19 ’’W, 15 m / 18 -II- 2012, F.M. Alfaro coll.”. One paratype (JMEC) labeled: “ CHILE ATACAMA / Puerto de Caldera / 16 -XII- 2011 / col. A. Fajardo”. All paratypes labeled: “ Desertaclopus / atacamensis / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Remarks. Only males are known, and they vary in length (3.90–5.30 mm) and slightly in color, (some specimens have darker elytral margins than others). Etymology. The species name refers to the type locality Atacama in Chile. Distribution (Fig. 43). CHILE: Atacama: Bahía Cisne (8), Bahía Inglesa (10), Bahía Salada (1), Carrizal Bajo (3), Copiapó, 37 km W (4), Cruce Ruta 5 Norte/Puerto Viejo (1), Posada Caserón (1), Puerto Viejo (1). Temporal distribution. January (9), February (27), April (3), October (2), November/December (5), December (3).

Subfamily Aclopinae Recent studies indicate that the Aclopinae as previously considered does not constitute a monophyletic group (Smith et al. 2006; Ocampo et al. 2010). In a recent publication, Ocampo and Vaz-de-Mello (2008) excluded the Bornean genus Xenaclopus from the Aclopinae and placed it within Melolonthinae incertae sedis, because further studies are needed to reliably place this genus in the context of the melolonthine classification. Although the protruding labrum and mandibles are characters shared with the other genera currently placed in the subfamily Aclopinae, there is no evidence that supports that these characters are synapomorphic and are likely due to convergence. As a result of this study, we have removed both Phaenognatha and Neophaenognatha from the Aclopinae and place them in the tribe Phaenognathini within the subfamily Melolonthinae. The relationships of this tribe with other melolonthine tribes are uncertain. The most obvious difference between these genera and aclopines is the presence of a well developed genital capsule (the genital capsule is absent in aclopines). These data, along with morphological evidence, supports the hypothesis of a relationship between Phaenognatha and Neophaenognatha and the Chilean Lichniini (currently in Melolonthinae), and they together might constitute a distinct and ancient lineage of Scarabaeidae.

Gracilaclopus bidentulus Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 5 ���7, 23, 31) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: clypeus with tooth-like process on anterior angle; labral apex with two well developed teeth (Fig. 5); body bicolored with scutellum same color as elytra; size Description. Holotype male. Length 4.53 mm, width 2.07 mm. Color: Head dark brown, pronotum brown; elytra light brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 5): Frons slightly concave on apical half, convex at base; surface punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique, reflexed, with tooth-like process on anterior angle; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate, sparsely setose. Labrum glabrous, shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex with two large teeth, teeth strongly reflexed. Pronotum (Fig. 6): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae, setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose; setae moderately long. Legs: Mesotibia with two transverse carinae, metatibia with one transversal carina. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia: Parameres as long as phallobase, broadly curved, apex club-like (Fig. 23). Allotype female. (Fig. 7). As holotype except: Length 4.58 mm, width 2.35 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, elytra, venter, legs light brown. Eyes small, not visible dorsally. Eye canthus strongly reduced. Antennal club small. Elytra short, approximately as long as wide (both elytra combined). Five visible abdominal segments, pygidium and 3 abdominal segments exposed beyond elytral apex. Metatibiae longer than metatarsi. First metatarsomere shorter than metatibial spurs. Remarks. Males vary slightly in length (3.27���4.68 mm, width 1.33���2.17) and color; the shape of the labral teeth varies in length and development among specimens. Type material. Holotype male at CMNC labeled: ��� Argentina / C��rdoba / D�� Cruz del Eje / Guanaco Muerto / Col. Mart��nez / Feb 1980 ���; ��� Gracilaclopus / bidentulus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ��� (red holotype label). Allotype female at IAZA labeled: ���R.A. Cba / Chancan�� / Octubre 1992 / Col. Molina ��� ���A 311 / 10-92 / 371 ���; ��� 30005 ���; ��� Gracilaclopus / bidentulus / Ocampo & Mondaca / ALLOTYPE��� (red allotype label, handwritten). Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes (two at CMNC and one at IAZA) labeled as holotype except for paratype label. Four male paratypes (three at CMNC and one at IAZA) labeled: ���Quimil��, S. del Estero / 9 -XII- 1939 / Birab��n - Bezzi col.��� Four paratypes (three at CMNC and one at IAZA) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA / La Rioja / D�� Pe��aloza / Olta (Illiar) / Coll / Mart��nez / Nov. 964 ��� Three paratypes (two at IAZA and one at GASC) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: C��rdoba / Cruz del Eje 4 /III/ 2000. / G. Arriagada���. One paratype at CMNC labeled: ��� Argentina / Salta / D�� San Mart��n / Pocitos / coll. Mart��nez / Dic. 974. All paratypes labeled: ��� Gracilaclopus / bidentulus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow paratype label). Type locality. Argentina, C��rdoba, Guanaco Muerto. Etymology. The name ��� bidentulus ��� refers to the two well developed teeth on the labrum of this species. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA: C��rdoba: Chancan�� (4), Cruz del Eje (3), Guanaco Muerto (4). La Rioja: Olta (4) Salta: Pocitos (1). Santiago del Estero: Quimil�� (4). Temporal distribution. February (4), March (3), October (4), November (4), December (5)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Key to genera of Aclopinae of the world 1. Head with two well developed transverse carinae on frons and clypeus (Figs. 33, 35, 38), mesotibia and metatibia with one transverse carinae........................................................................... Desertaclopus 1 '. Head lacking two transverse carinae, mesotibia and metatibia with two transverse carinae............................ 2 2. Mandibles with external margin broadly rounded (Figs. 1–4), labrum not reflexed or poorly reflexed............... Aclopus 2 '. Mandibles with external margin strongly angled (Figs. 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21), if poorly angled, then metatibial spurs apart with notch in middle; labrum strongly reflexed................................................... Gracilaclopus

Eideria Neita & Ocampo, new genus (Figs. 1���29) Type species. Eideria pentaphylla Neita & Ocampo, new species, here designated. Description of male. Head (Fig. 1): clypeus with apex round, margin reflexed. Labrum poorly developed, conical, not visible beyond clypeal margin (in dorsal view). Labium poorly developed, pentagonal; labial palpus with 2 palpomeres, palpomere 1 membranous, palpomere 2 sclerotized (Fig. 5). Maxilla with galea poorly developed, palpus long, with 4 palpomeres; palpomere 4 as long as 1���3 combined (Fig. 6). Mandible poorly developed (Fig. 7). Eye canthus strongly produced laterally, outer edge expanded in large, rounded projection. Antenna with 9 antennomeres, club large, subequal in length to antennomeres 2���4 combined (Fig. 9 a). Pronotum (Fig. 1): convex, wider than long. Margins slightly rounded, with lateral bead; bead extended to lateral half of posterior margin. Anterior angles acute; posterior angles broadly rounded. Elytra (Fig. 1): convex, elongate, subparallel, completely covering dorsal surface of abdomen. Elytra with 4���8 striae. Hind wing (Fig. 8): subcostal and radial vein well sclerotized, not reaching radial sector vein at wing apex; radial sector vein forked at apex; medial vein well developed; medial loop short; cubital vein slightly sclerotized apically from medial loop connection; anal veins 1, 2 not connected, not forming a basal cell. Ve n te r: prosternal process absent, coxae transverse. Mesosternum with sulcus on middle, surface punctate, setose; punctures small, dense, ocellate. Metasternum with the apex divergent, punctures ocellate, densely setose. Abdomen with 6 ventrites exposed; ventrite V longer than ventrite I-IV combined. Pygidium wider than long, concave, recumbent toward metacoxae. Surface with punctures strongly impressed, ocellate, setose. Legs: protibia with 3 teeth (Fig. 10 a), protibial spur absent (Fig. 10 b). Mesotibia with spine-like setae on external margin, mesotibial apex with 1 spur on inner margin (Fig. 11 a���b). Metatibia with 2 spurs; spurs subcontiguous, on the inner edge (Fig. 12 a���b). Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1.85 times longer than tibiae (Figs. 10 a, 11 a, and 12 a). Tarsomeres 1 and 5 twice as long as 2���4 combined; tarsomeres 2���4 subequal; all tarsi with long, apical setae (Figs. 10 a��� 12 b). Tarsal claws bifurcated, symmetrical (Fig. 13). Genitalia (Figs. 14 a���b): parameres with a small carina on outer surface, outer surface setose; phallobase slender, with basal tegmen developed. spiculum gastrale developed (Fig. 15). Description of female. Most New World Tanyproctini present strong sexual dimorphism. Differences can be expressed in body length and width, color, size of antennae (smaller in females), and eyes (reduced in females). Female specimens are known for the following New World Tanyproctini genera: Burmeisteriellus Berg, 1868; Castanochilus Ohaus, 1909; Lichniops Guti��rrez, 1946; Lichniopsoides Mart��nez, 1953; Myloxena Berg, 1881; Myloxenoides Mart��nez, 1975, and Ptyophis Redtenbacher 1868. Eideria females are larger than males; have lighter dorsal coloration of clypeus, pronotum, and elytra; and have reddish brown legs (Figs. 2, 4). Head: color black; punctures setose, larger than on male (Fig. 16). Clypeus slightly parabolic (Fig. 16). Eye canthus well developed, with few setae; setae long, slender. Eyes poorly developed. Frontoclypeal suture well defined, complete, convex at middle. Pronotum: convex, wider than long at middle. Surface moderately punctate, punctures ocellate, moderate in size. Anterior angles rounded; posterior angles broadly rounded (Fig. 17). Scutellum: surface opaque, punctures moderately dense. Elytra: convex, elongate. Surface shiny, setose, densely punctate. Hind wings: poorly developed, nonfunctional, reduced to a small lobe. Propygidium and pygidium not covered by elytra. Pygidium: not recumbent. Venter: prosternal process absent, slightly concave on sides. Abdomen, with 6 ventrites exposed medially, ventrite VI longer than ventrites III���V combined. Legs: protibia with 3 teeth; basal tooth small, dorsal surface with a line of setae from base to apex; protibial spur not developed (Fig. 18). Mesotibia with one spur (Fig. 19). Metatibia with two subcontiguous spurs (Fig. 20). Tarsi as long as tibiae (Fig. 18���20). Tarsal claws simple (Fig. 21). Classification. Neotropical Tanyproctini were reviewed by Mart��nez (1975), who also provided a genus-level key to the tribe. Based on external morphology and male genitalia, we consider that Eideria belongs to the tribe Tanyproctini as it is currently defined. Current classification of Melolonthinae and, in particular, the concepts currently used to diagnose Neotropical Tanyproctini and Macrodactilini, make difficult to characterize and even separate these two tribes. As a consequence of this, it is sometimes difficult to place new genera within these tribes. Katovich (2008) cited three synapomorphies for Macrodactylini: Fifth visible ventrite longer than fourth visible ventrite; propygidium lacking a complete suture between the ventrite and tergite (these characters are also found in other tribes in Melolonthinae); and metatibiae with one or two closely placed apical spurs, inserted below the tarsal articulation, so that the metatarsus moves past them (occasionally spurs are secondarily absent). According to Katovich (2008), while none of these characters are unique, together they are unique to Macrodactylini. According to our observations, Macrodactylini has the basal articulation condyle of the first metatarsomeres well developed, projecting above of the inner cuticle of metatibia (Ancistrosoma Curtis, 1835; Barybas Blanchard, 1850; Ceraspis LePeletier & Serville, 1828; Chariodema Blanchard, 1850; Clavipalpus Laporte, 1832; Dicrania LePeletier & Serville, 1828; Gama Blanchard, 1850; Isonychus Mannerheim, 1829; Macrodactylus Dejean, 1821; and Plectris LePeletier & Serville, 1828). In Neotropical Tanyproctini, the condyle is poorly developed. Macrodactylini species also have the metatibae with two adjacent spurs (or no spurs), a characters commonly used to diagnose this tribe. Some Tanyproctini genera also have two adjacent spurs on the external edge of metatibia (some species in Acylochilus Ohaus, 1909; Leuretra Erichson, 1847; Myloxena Berg, 1881; Myloxenoides Mart��nez, 1975; and Puelchesia Ocampo & Smith, 2006), while other Tanyproctini genera such as; Anahi Mart��nez, 1958; Luispenaia Mart��nez, 1972; and Burmeisteriellus Berg, 1898 have the inner spur in the metatarsal apical notch and the outer spur on the external edge of metatibia; or Diaphylla Erichson, 1847 without spurs in the metatibia. The pygidium is strongly recumbent in Neotropical Tanyproctini and not strongly recumbent in Macrodactylini genera. Sexual dimorphism in Macrodactylini is less evident than in most Neotropical Tanyproctini. Macrodactylini sexual dimorphism is generally expressed in the length and shape of antennal club, the form of the pygidium, and sometimes coloration, but these characters never reach the extreme morphological differences found in most Neotropical Tanyprocyini species. Sexual dimorphism in Tanyproctini is strongly expressed in characters such as body length and width, color, size of antennae (much smaller in females), eyes (reduced in females), and hind wings (reduced and nonfuctional in females). Based on the above, we feel more confident placing Eideria within the tribe Tanyproctini. Eideria shares with other New World Tanyproctini genera the following character states: body elongate, slen- der, elytral margins subparallel; clypeus broadly rounded, recumbent; frontoclypeal suture developed and evident; mouthparts (labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium) strongly reduced; pronotum convex, wider than long; legs long slender; protibia with three teeth; mesotibiae and metatibiae with transverse carinae developed. Six ventrites exposed medially; V ventrite longer than ventrites I���IV combined; males with pygidium strongly recumbent; male genitalia symmetrical, parameres slender. Diagnosis. Males of the genus Eideria are distinguished from all other Neotropical Melolonthinae by the following combination of characters: clypeus broadly rounded; labrum reduced, conical, not visible beyond clypeal margin (in dorsal view); antennae with 9 antennomeres, antennal club with 4���5 antennomeres (Fig. 9 a); venter lacking prosternal process; metaesternum with apex divergent; pygidium recumbent toward metacoxae; protibial spur absent, mesotibia with 1 spur, metatibia with 2 spurs (Figs. 11 a��� 12 b); spurs subcontiguous, both set below tarsal articulation; protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1 and 5 subequal in length (1.8 times longer than wide) (Figs. 10 a, 11 a, 12 a). Eideria is similar to Luispenaia and Puelchesia. Luispenaia has a prosternal process, but this is absent in Puelchesia and Eideria. Luispenaia has tubercles on dorsal tibial surface, but this surface is smooth in Puelchesia and Eideria. Luispenaia and Puelchesia have tibiae with spurs, one on protibia and two on mesotibia and metatibiae, while Eideria has no spur on protibia, one spur on mesotibia, and two spurs on metatibia. Puelchesia and Eideria have two adjacent spurs on the on the apex of the metatibia; Luispenaia has two separated spurs, one spur on the lateral margin and one within the apical notch of the metatibia (the notch that allows mobility of the tarsus back and forth). Tarsal claws are simple in Puelchesia, but they are bifurcated in Luispenaia and Eideria. The apex of metasternum is bifurcated in Luispenaia, and simple in Puelchesia and Eideria. Puelchesia has the hind wing with anal veins V 1 and V 2 connected and forming a basal cell, in Luispenaia and Eideria anal veins V 1 and V 2 are not connected and the basal cell is not present (Fig. 8). Etymology. Eideria is feminine in gender. We are pleased to name this genus after our friend and colleague Eider Ruiz-Manzanos, who unexpectedly passed away at a young age and who devoted her last years of research to the study of Neotropical Tanyproctini., Published as part of Neita, Jhon Cesar & Ocampo, Federico C., 2012, A new genus and three new species of Neotropical Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 41-55 in Zootaxa 3281 on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213516, {"references":["Martinez, A. (1975) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Pachydemini neotropicales (Col. Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 26, 227 - 251.","Katovich, K. (2008) A generic-level phylogenetic review of the Macrodactylini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Insecta Mundi, 23, 1 - 78.","Ocampo, F. C. & Smith, A. B. T. (2006) Puelchesia gracilis, a new genus and species of Pachydemini endemic to the Monte in Argentina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 1349, 53 - 62."]}

Aclopinae Blanchard, 1850 Type genus. Aclopus Erichson, 1835. Description. Small to medium-sized scarabs; color variable, light brown to black. Body elongated. Head and pronotum lacking horns. Mandibles and labrum protruding beyond clypeal apex, clearly visible on dorsal view, labrum and clypeus located on the same plane, shape variable. Antenna with 8���9 antennomeres, antennal club with three lamellae, lamellae small. Pronotum evenly convex, mostly glabrous, with few setae on each side of pronotal disc (at least one seta present), anterior margin with membrane well developed. Elytra: Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate; punctures sparse to moderately dense, glabrous, or setose; setae moderately long. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Vent er: Abdomen with 6 sclerotized sternites (only five are clearly visible [2-6]), sutures distinct. Pygidium not exposed beyond elytral apex. Protibia with two teeth, lacking tibial spur. Metatibial spurs separated or subcontiguous, metatarsus may pass between metatibial spurs or not (articulation of the metatarsus adjacent to the metatibial spurs so that the metatarsus can pass in between the spurs, or articulated above them so that the metatarsus pass over the spurs). Tarsal claws simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia symmetrical; aedeagus with parameres slender, variable in length. Genital segment not developed as a genital capsule, and limited to a ventral plate, plate subrectangular or elongatedoval, the ventral plate does not constitute a true spiculum gastrale. Abdominal spiracles placed on the pleural membrane. Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632, {"references":["Blanchard, C. E. (1850) Museum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la collection entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Volume 1. Paris.","Erichson, W. F. (1835) Neue sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner Scatonomus, Aclopus, Symme la, Athlia, Cratoscelis, Lichnia. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 256 - 270."]}

Key to species of Gracilaclopus 1. Labrum with two teeth at apex, teeth strongly developed and reflexed (Fig. 5)................. G. bidentulus new species 1 ���. Labrum complete lacking teeth, with apex straight or indented in middle, if indented, indentation variable in depth (Figs. 8 ���10, 15, 17, 19, 21)........................................................................................ 2 2. Labrum with apex indented.............................................................................. 3 2 ���. Labrum with apex complete (could be slightly sinuous in middle)................................................ 4 3. Scutellum dark-brown or black; parameres as Fig. 29.................................. G. nigroscutatus new species 3 ���. Scutellum light brown (same color as elytra) parameres different from above...................................... 5 4. Pronotum brown, with 1���3 setae on each side of disc on middle, parameres as Fig. 27 a........... G. electricus new species. 4 ���. Pronotum light brown, with a row of 5���6 long setae on each side of disc on middle, male genitalia as Fig. 24................................................................................................ G. caceresi new species 5. Labrum broadly rounded, with apical margin thickened (Fig. 12).......................... G. crepuscularis new species 5 ���. Labrum subrectangular (on dorsal view), apical margin not thickened............................................. 6 6. Body with color uniform, dark brown or black; parameres as Fig. 28......................... G. morochus. new species 6 ���. Body bicolor, head and pronotum dark brown, elytra light brown; parameres different from above...................... 7 7. Males with parameres as Fig. 25; body size> 5.0 mm.................................... G. candelariae new species 7 ���. Males with parameres as Fig. 30; Body size G. parvulus (Ohaus), Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Aclopus Erichson, 1835 (Figs. 1���4) Type species. Aclopus vittatus Erichson, 1835, here designated. Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from other aclopine genera by the following combination of characters: shape of the outer margin of the mandibles broadly rounded (angulate in Gracilaclopus, sinuate in Desertaclopus); labral shape rounded and poorly or not reflexed (subrectangular and strongly reflexed in Gracilaclopus; rounded, not reflexed in Desertaclopus); frons and clypeus lacking transversal carinae (present in Desertaclopus); eye canthus developed, not dividing eye, with or without apical tooth; mesotibia and metatibia with two transverse carinae (two in Gracilaclopus; one in Desertaclopus), metatibial spurs separated or subcontiguous. Description, male. Scarabaeidae, Aclopinae, small to medium size 3.0��� 12.5 mm, width 1.4���3.6 mm, shape elongated with sub-parallel margins. Color: variable, light brown, brown, black or bicolored. Head (Figs. 1���4): Eye canthus well developed, anterior margin slightly reflexed, posterior margin bearing a few setae (1���5), setae short; frontocanthal carina present, poorly developed. Eyes well developed, clearly visible on dorsal view, rounded, barely divided by eye canthus. Frons generally flat on apical half, convex at base. Clypeus transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin straight or broadly rounded, slightly reflexed or not; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labrum protruding beyond clypeal margin, shape variable. Mandibles protruding beyond clypeal margin, rounded externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose or glabrous. Labium longer than wide, strongly reduced, with three labial palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1���2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, with four maxillary palpomeres. Antennae with 8���9 antennomeres; antennal club with three lamellae, surface glabrous or setose. Pronotum: Convex, wider than long. Surface punctate, glabrous, or with few setae. Marginal bead present on all margins (could be reduced on posterior margin); anterior margin concave, with membrane well developed; lateral margins broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angle, slightly acute or right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular, apex rounded. Elytra: Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate; punctures sparse or moderately dense, glabrous, or setose; setae, long, moderately long, or short. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Vent er: Prosternal process well developed columnar, densely setose. Metasternum long, 0.56 times as long as wide; 5���6 ventrites exposed medially, ventrite 1 slightly visible; surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3 and 4 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs: Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of thick setae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs separated or subcontiguous. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1 and 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved or straight, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia: Parameres symmetrical, slender; genital segment with ventral plate developed, with apical margin rounded. Remarks. Several new species of the genus Aclopus are known from Brazil (Fernando Vaz-de-Mello, personal communication) and the description of these taxa is forthcoming. We suspect that A. wuenschei Ohaus is a junior synonym of A. vittatus, but we were not able to study the type specimen for confirmation. FIGURES 1���4. 1) Aclopus brunneus, 2) A. intermedius, 3 ) A. robustus, 4) A. vittatus. In this work Aclopus parvulus Ohaus is transferred to Gracilaclopus new genus, as a consequence no species of Aclopus is known to occur on Argentina and/or Chile. Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632, {"references":["Erichson, W. F. (1835) Neue sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner Scatonomus, Aclopus, Symme la, Athlia, Cratoscelis, Lichnia. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 256 - 270."]}

Aclopus Erichson, 1835 (Figs. 1–4) Type species. Aclopus vittatus Erichson, 1835, here designated. Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from other aclopine genera by the following combination of characters: shape of the outer margin of the mandibles broadly rounded (angulate in Gracilaclopus, sinuate in Desertaclopus); labral shape rounded and poorly or not reflexed (subrectangular and strongly reflexed in Gracilaclopus; rounded, not reflexed in Desertaclopus); frons and clypeus lacking transversal carinae (present in Desertaclopus); eye canthus developed, not dividing eye, with or without apical tooth; mesotibia and metatibia with two transverse carinae (two in Gracilaclopus; one in Desertaclopus), metatibial spurs separated or subcontiguous. Description, male. Scarabaeidae, Aclopinae, small to medium size 3.0– 12.5 mm, width 1.4–3.6 mm, shape elongated with sub-parallel margins. Color: variable, light brown, brown, black or bicolored. Head (Figs. 1–4): Eye canthus well developed, anterior margin slightly reflexed, posterior margin bearing a few setae (1–5), setae short; frontocanthal carina present, poorly developed. Eyes well developed, clearly visible on dorsal view, rounded, barely divided by eye canthus. Frons generally flat on apical half, convex at base. Clypeus transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin straight or broadly rounded, slightly reflexed or not; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labrum protruding beyond clypeal margin, shape variable. Mandibles protruding beyond clypeal margin, rounded externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose or glabrous. Labium longer than wide, strongly reduced, with three labial palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1–2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, with four maxillary palpomeres. Antennae with 8–9 antennomeres; antennal club with three lamellae, surface glabrous or setose. Pronotum: Convex, wider than long. Surface punctate, glabrous, or with few setae. Marginal bead present on all margins (could be reduced on posterior margin); anterior margin concave, with membrane well developed; lateral margins broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angle, slightly acute or right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular, apex rounded. Elytra: Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate; punctures sparse or moderately dense, glabrous, or setose; setae, long, moderately long, or short. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Vent er: Prosternal process well developed columnar, densely setose. Metasternum long, 0.56 times as long as wide; 5–6 ventrites exposed medially, ventrite 1 slightly visible; surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3 and 4 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs: Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of thick setae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs separated or subcontiguous. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1 and 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved or straight, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia: Parameres symmetrical, slender; genital segment with ventral plate developed, with apical margin rounded. Remarks. Several new species of the genus Aclopus are known from Brazil (Fernando Vaz-de-Mello, personal communication) and the description of these taxa is forthcoming. We suspect that A. wuenschei Ohaus is a junior synonym of A. vittatus, but we were not able to study the type specimen for confirmation. FIGURES 1–4. 1) Aclopus brunneus, 2) A. intermedius, 3 ) A. robustus, 4) A. vittatus. In this work Aclopus parvulus Ohaus is transferred to Gracilaclopus new genus, as a consequence no species of Aclopus is known to occur on Argentina and/or Chile. Distribution. Brazil.

Gracilaclopus crepuscularis Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 12 –14, 26, 31) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: labral shape subcircular, apex rounded, slightly reflexed lacking indentation or teeth; body bicolored; size> 6.0 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 26. Description. Holotype male. Length 6.01 mm, width 2.80 mm. Color: Head, pronotum black; elytra brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 12): Eye canthus well developed; apex reflexed, with tooth; canthus bearing 3–5 setae, setae moderately long; frontocanthal carina not developed. Frons flat, surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus transverse; surface densely punctate; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, frontal area of anterior margin on same plane as clypeal disc; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labral shape subcircular; apex rounded, slightly reflexed; surface glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 13): Surface sparsely punctate, disc with two patches of few setae on each side; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin. Anterior angle acute; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate and setose at base, smooth at apex. Elytra (Fig. 14): Surface punctate; punctures sparse, setose; setae moderately long. Legs (Fig. 14): Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 26 a–b): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, apex acute. Remarks. Only males are known. Paratypes vary only slightly in length (6.0– 8.6 mm). Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ARGENTINA: La Rioja / Anillaco (2 km N) RN 75 / 1310m / S 28 ° 47 ’ 17 ”, W 66 ° 55 ’01” / Jan- 6-2002. F. C. Ocampo”; “ Gracilaclopus / crepuscularis / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ” (red label). Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes labeled as holotype except for paratype label. One paratype at IMLA labeled: “TUCUNUCO / San Juan / Argentina / 29,30 enero- 1970 / Coll: E. Peña”. One paratype at IAZA (preserved in 95 °etOH at - 20 °C) labeled: ARGENTINA: Mendoza / Dique El Carrizal, 823 m / S 33 ° 17 ’ 30 ” W 68 ° 44 ’ 32 ” / Jan- 2-2002, F. C. Ocampo & K. Philips col.” All paratypes labeled: Gracilaclopus / crepuscularis / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ” (yellow label). Etymology. The species is named crepuscularis, or dusk, in reference to the time of the day when males were observed flying. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA. La Rioja: Anillaco (2 km N on RN 75) (4). Mendoza: Dique El Carrizal (1). San Juan: Tucunuco (1). Temporal distribution. January (6).

Desertaclopus marcosi Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 38, 39, 41, 43) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) more than twice as the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size 5.2 ���8.0 mm; male genitalia as in Fig. 41. Description. Holotype male. Length 5.58 mm, width 2.11 mm. Color: Head, pronotum dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons; elytra brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 38): Eye canthus well developed, apex slightly reflexed, bearing 3���5 setae, setae short; frontocanthal carina present. Eyes well developed, rounded, not divided by eye canthus. Frons flat on apical half, convex at base with well developed transversal carina; surface sparsely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins rounded; anterior margin rounded; clypeal disc and with well-developed carina, carina with fringe of setae on basal margin; frontoclypeal suture obsolete; clypeal surface punctate. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) more than twice as the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina. Labral shape semicircular in dorsal view apex rounded, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Mandibular outer margin broadly sinuate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose, setae long. Labium as long as wide, strongly reduced, labial palps with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1���2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with four palpomeres. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 39): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, glabrous, except for margins. Marginal bead present in all margins; anterior margin concave, with deep furrow, membrane well developed; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse, setose, setae moderately long. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Ve n te r: Surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3���5 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs: Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spurs not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae each with one transverse carina. Mesotibial and metatibial apices with fringe of thick setae/spines. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibiae. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1, 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved, simple, symmetrical. Male genitalia (Fig. 41): Parameres longer than phallobase, slightly curved, narrowed at apical third (on lateral view), simple, symmetrical, apex rounded. Remarks. Only males are known and they vary only slightly in length (5.0���8.0 mm). Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ���R.A. San Juan / R��o Usno 10 km / 10 km N Valle F��rtil / 10 / I / 198 / Col. Willink���; ��� Desertaclopus / marcosi / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ��� (red label). Paratypes (all male). Three paratypes (2 FSCA, 1 IAZA) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: La Rioja / Tambillos. 1750m / 12 -XII- 2003, L. Stange / At light.��� One paratype (FSCA) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: La Rioja / Malligasta. 1000m / 14 -XII- 2003. P. Fidalgo / & L. Stange. At light At / base of mts���. One paratype (FSCA) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: prov of / Catamarca. Ca. Agua / de las Palomas / 19 -XII- 1971 / C. Porter, L. Stange���. One paratype (VMDC) labeled: ���ARGEN- TINA: LA RIOJA / Cuesta Lo Miranda / 16 Febrero 1999 / Leg. Gerardo Arriagada���; One paratype (IAZA) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA / San Juan / Valle F��rtil / El Baldecito / Coll. Mart��nez / Dec. 1964 ���. One paratype (IAZA) labeled: ���RA La Rioja / Londres / 7 /XI/ 95 / Roig/ Flores / IADIZA. All paratypes labeled: ��� Desertaclopus / marcosi / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Etymology. This species is named after FCO���s nephew, Marcos Salemme, to encourage his love for nature and fascination for the world���s insect diversity. Distribution (Fig. 43). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Agua de las Palomas (1), Londres (1) [the paratype label incorrectly indicates La Rioja for this locality]. La Rioja: Cuesta de Miranda (1), Tambillos (3), Malligasta (1). San Juan: El Baldecito (1), R��o Usno (10 km N Valle F��rtil) (1). Temporal distribution. January (1), February (1), November (1), December (6)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Key to species of Desertaclopus 1. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) more than twice as the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size 5.0–9.0 mm......................................................................... 2 1 ’. Distance between clypeal and frontal carinae (at middle) as long as or smaller than the distance between clypeal apical margin and clypeal carina; size> 11.0 mm; males with parameres as in Figs. 40 a–b............. Desertaclopus lucasi new species. 2. Males with parameres as in Fig. 41 a; Argentina........................................... D. marcosi new species. 2 ’. Males with parameres as in Fig. 42; Chile............................................ D. atacamensis new species.

Gracilaclopus nigroscutatus Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 19, 20, 29, 32) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of Gracilaclopus by the following combination of characters: labral apex indented at middle; body bicolored with scutellum dark brown or black (darker than elytra); size Description. Holotype male. Length 4.66 mm, width 2.30 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum black; elytra brown; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface dark brown to black. Head (Fig. 19): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base; surface punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view apex slightly indented at middle, reflexed, glabrous. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Pronotum (Fig. 20): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle rightangled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures sparse; sparsely setose, setae short. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 29): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved; apex rounded. Remarks. The paratype is missing the left elytron, otherwise it does not differ from the holotype. Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA, prov. C��rdoba, depto. / Calamuchita / Salsacate, Ene 1979 / leg. M. Viana���; ���Colecci��n J. E Barriga / CHILE 115742 ���; ��� Gracilaclopus / nigroscutatus / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ��� (red label). Paratype (male). One paratype at JEBC labeled as holotype: ���Colecci��n J. E Barriga / CHILE 118009 ���; ��� Gracilaclopus / nigroscutatus / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Type Locality. Argentina, C��rdoba, Salsacate. Etymology. From the Latin ��� nigro��� and ��� scutatus���, meaning black scutellum, refering to the color of the scutellum of this species. Distribution (Fig. 32). ARGENTINA. C��rdoba: Salsacate (2). Temporal distribution. January (2)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Gracilaclopus candelariae Ocampo & Mondaca, new species (Figs. 10, 11, 25, 31) Diagnosis. This species is recognized by the following combination of characters: labral apex truncate lacking indentation or teeth; body bicolored; size> 5.5 mm; male genitalia as Fig. 25. Description. Holotype male. Length 5.53 mm, width 2.30 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum brown to dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons; elytra light brown, elytral suture darker then disc; legs, antennae, and mouthparts brown; ventral surface brown. Head (Fig. 10): Frons flat on apical half, convex at base, surface sparsely to densely punctate, glabrous. Clypeus strongly transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed, frontal area of anterior margin oblique; frontoclypeal suture obsolete, surface densely punctate, with small transversal carina in middle. Labral shape subrectangular in dorsal view, apex not indented in middle, strongly reflexed, glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 11): Surface sparsely punctate, with few setae; setae long, slender. Marginal bead present in all margins, reduced on posterior margin at middle. Anterior angle nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Triangular, apex rounded, surface punctate at base, smooth at apex. Elytra: Surface punctate, punctures moderately dense, setose, setae long. Legs: Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of spine-like setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 25): Parameres longer than phallobase, broadly curved; apex rounded. Remarks. Males vary slightly in length (4.89���6.18 mm, width 2.03���3.03) and color, some specimens being darker or lighter in color. Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Catamarca / Termas de Hualf��n. 1864 m / S 27 �� 12 ��� 46 ��� W 66 �� 51 ��� 56 ��� / XII- 8-2003 / F. C. Ocampo.���; ��� Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / HOLOTYPE ��� (red label). Paratypes (all male). Fifty-five paratypes (48 at IAZA [41 preserved in 95 �� et-OH at - 20 ��C], five at JMEC, and three at FVMC) labeled as holotype except for ��� Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Three paratypes (one at IAZA and two at JEBC) labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Catamarca / Pta. de Balasto 3-15 /II/01 / G. Arriagada���; ��� Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Thirty-eight paratypes at IAZA (34 preserved in et-OH at - 20 ��C) labeled ARGENTINA: Salta / 4 km N Cafayate / 26 �� 3 ' 52 ''S, 65 �� 56 ' 19 ''W / 1583 m 23 -XI- 2006 / F. Ocampo, E. Ruiz, G. San Blas, G. Zalazar. ��� Gracilaclopus / candelariae / Ocampo & Mondaca / PARATYPE ��� (yellow label). Type locality. Argentina, Catamarca, Termas de Hualf��n (S 27 �� 12 ��� 46 ��� W 66 �� 51 ��� 56). Etymology. This species is named after FCO���s neice, Candelaria Ocampo, to encourage her love for nature and fascination with the world���s insect diversity. Distribution (Fig. 31). ARGENTINA. Catamarca: Punta de Balasto (2), Termas de Hualf��n (55). Salta: Cafayate (4 km N) (38). Temporal distribution. February (2), November (38), December (55)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Ocampo, Federico C., Mondaca, José (2012): Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile. Zootaxa 3409: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Gracilaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, new genus (Figs. 5���32) Type species. Gracilaclopus electricus Ocampo & Mondaca, here designated Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from other aclopine genera by the following combination of characters: shape of the outer margin of the mandibles angulate (broadly rounded in Aclopus; sinuate in Desertaclopus); labral shape subrectangular and with apical margin strongly reflexed, (rounded and poorly or not reflexed in Aclopus and Desertaclopus); frons and clypeus lacking transversal carinae (present in Desertaclopus); mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae (two in Aclopus; one in Desertaclopus); mesotibial spurs contiguous and metatibial spurs apart, metatarsus folds between spurs. Description. Males. Scarabaeidae, Aclopinae, small to medium size (2.65���8.25 mm, width 1.35���3.65 mm), shape elongated with sub-parallel margins. Color: variable, light brown, brown, black, or bicolored. Head (Figs. 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21): Eye canthus well developed, anterior margin slightly reflexed, posterior margin bearing a few short setae (1���5); frontocanthal carina poorly developed or absent. Eyes well developed, clearly visible on dorsal view, rounded, barely divided by eye canthus. Frons generally flat on apical half, convex at base. Clypeus transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight or slightly curved, slightly reflexed; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labrum protruding beyond clypeal margin, shape variable. Mandibles protruding beyond clypeal margin, angulate externally, concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed, ventral surface moderately setose or glabrous. Labium longer than wide, strongly reduced, labial palps with three palpomeres, palpomere 3 as long as 1���2 combined; labial surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long and slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palp with 4 palpomeres. Antennae with 8 antennomeres; antennal club with 3 lamellae, surface glabrous. Pronotum (Figs. 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22.): Convex, wider than long; surface punctate, glabrous or with few setae. Marginal bead present in all margins (sometimes reduced on posterior margin in middle); anterior margin concave, with membrane well developed; lateral margins broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angle nearly right-angled, slightly acute or right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum: Large, triangular, apex rounded or slightly acute. Elytra (Fig. 14): Convex, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded. Surface punctate, punctures sparse to moderately dense, glabrous or setose, setae moderately long. Elytral striae absent, except for sutural striae; pseudoepipleura not developed. Vent er: Prosternal process with well developed columnar, densely setose. Metasternum long, ~ 0.7 times as long as wide; five ventrites exposed medially, ventrite 1 slightly visible; surface setose, setae long; ventrites 3 and 4 membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond clypeal margin, triangular, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Legs (Fig. 14): Femora robust, setose. Protibiae with two teeth, protibial spur not developed. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial apex with fringe of thick setae. Mesotibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs apart. Metatibial tarsal insertion with notch, notch associated with tibial process. Tarsus longer than tibia, gracile. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1 and 5 longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. Protarsal claws curved or straight, simple, symmetrical (Figs. 23���30). Male genitalia: Parameres symmetrical, slender; genital capsule not developed, genital segment represented by ventral plate; plate with apical margin slightly indented with few setae (Fig. 27 c). Remarks. The genus is distributed primarily in Argentina, although we studied one specimen of G. parvulus with label data for Bolivia. However, we are not convinced that the specimen was correctly labeled. Etymology. The generic name comes from ���gracil��� from the Latin gracilis, meaning slender or thin in a charming or attractive way and ��� Aclopus ��� referring to the nominotypical genus of the subfamily. Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia (unconfirmed data)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632

Aclopus brunneus Erichson, 1835 (Fig. 1) Aclopus brunneus Erichson 1835: 261; Ohaus 1909: 431: Allsopp 1984: 209. Aclopus intermedius Blanchard, 1850 (Fig. 2) Aclopus intermedius Blanchard 1850: 96; Allsopp 1984: 209. Aclopus robustus Arrow, 1909 (Fig. 3) Aclopus robustus Arrow, 1909: 507; Allsopp, 1984: 20. Aclopus vittatus Erichson, 1835 (Fig. 4) Aclopus vittatus Erichson 1835: 260; Allsopp 1984: 210. Aclopus wuenschei Ohaus 1912 (possibly a junior synonym of A. vittatus) Aclopus wuenschei Ohaus 1912: 82., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Mondaca, Jos��, 2012, Revision of the scarab subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina and Chile, pp. 1-29 in Zootaxa 3409 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210632, {"references":["Erichson, W. F. (1835) Neue sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner Scatonomus, Aclopus, Symme la, Athlia, Cratoscelis, Lichnia. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 256 - 270.","Ohaus, F. (1909) Neue Coleoptera lamellicornia aus Argentinien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909, 425 - 447.","Allsopp, P. G. (1984) Lectotype designations for four species of Aclopus Erichson and Xenaclopus borneensis Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aclopinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 38, 209 - 210","Blanchard, C. E. (1850) Museum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la collection entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Volume 1. Paris.","Arrow, G. J. (1909) On the characters and relationships of the less-known groups of Lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosorinae, etc. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 57, 479 - 507.","Ohaus, F. (1912) Ein neuer Aclopus (Coleopt. lamellic.). Deutsche Entomologicshe Zeitschrift, 1912, 82 - 83."]}

Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., Edmonds, W. D., Ocampo, Federico C., Schoolmeesters, Paul (2011): A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) 2854. Zootaxa 2854 (1): 1-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2854.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2854.1.1

Parallidiostoma tricornum Ocampo & Colby new species (Figs. 1���6) Diagnosis. Parallidiostoma tricornum is distinguished from other species in the Allidiostomatinae by the characters listed in the generic diagnosis (males). Females are unknown for this species. Male genitalia are also diagnostic (Fig. 4). Description. Holotype. Length 8.2 mm, width 4.5 mm. Color reddish brown. Head (Figs. 1���3): Surface punctate; punctures large, dense. Frons bearing a large horn, horn base half as wide as head; horn curved, surface punctate at base. Frontoclypeal suture evident. Clypeus broadly rounded. Eyes slightly visible on dorsal view. Pronotum (Figs. 1���3): Surface punctate, punctures moderate in size, moderately dense to sparse. Each pronotal anterior angle with a large horn; horns slightly convergent on each other; each horn with 1 fovea on outer edge. Area between horns with deep median fovea, fovea extending posteriorly; basal half of pronotum with 1 large tubercle on each side in center near basal margin, on either side of central fovea. Fovea impunctate to sparsely punctate. Elytra (Fig. 1): with 10 well-defined punctate striae. Psudoepipleura poorly developed. Ve n te r (Fig. 4): Proepisternum with longitudinal carina; carina setigerous; setae long, slender. Mesoepiesternum and metaepiesternum punctate; setae, moderate in length. Metasternum smooth medially, sparsely punctate on sides. Pygydium: surface punctate, setigerous; setae tawny, moderate in length. Legs: Protibia tridentate; teeth well developed. Protibial spur well developed, curved. Tarsi with taromeres 1-4 subequal in length, tarsomere 5 longer than tarsomere 4. Tarsal claws simple, shorter than tarsomere 5. Mesotibia and metatibia with strongly expanded at apex, with 2 spurs; spurs longer than tarosomeres 1 and 2 combined, curved. Metatarsus folds between metatibial spurs. Male genitalia (Fig. 4): Parameres longer than phallobase, slender, curved. Paratype. The single paratype specimen (male) does not differ from the holotype except slightly in length (8.3 mm). Female. The female of this species is unknown. Type material. Holotype male at IAZA labeled: ���Limantambo/An/Cus; 13 �� 29 ��� 43 ���S / 72 �� 27 ��� 50 ���O / 28.09. 2002 / 2700m / A. Bustamante N.��� (typed) ��� Parallidiostoma / tricornum / Ocampo & Colby / HOLOTYPE ��� (handwritten). One partype at USNM labeled: ��� PERU: Cuzco / 15 km SW Limantambo / 24 Feb. 1979 / W. E. Steiner.���(typed); ��� Parallidiostoma / tricornum / Ocampo & Colby / PARATYPE ��� (handwritten). Distribution (Fig. 5). Peru, Cuzco, Limatambo (80 km W Cuzco). These specimens were collected at 2700 m, in a dry montane forest. Natural history. Little is known about the natural history of P. tricornum (and allidiostomatines in general), with the exception that they are attracted to lights. The larva of this species is unknown. Some allidiostomatines are known to stridulate using the transverse, striated surface of the outer half of the hind coxa (Fig. 6 a) against a ridge in the first abdominal sternite, which also has a concavity that presumably acts as a sound amplifier (Arrow 1904) (Fig. 6 b). This structure is found in Allidiostoma and Parallidiostoma. Temporal distribution. February (1); September (1). Remarks. The paratype specimen is damaged. The head, pronotum with prolegs, and elytra are mounted on a card, while the rest of the specimen is preserved in two glycerin filled vials, pinned beneath the card. The genitalia are missing., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Colby, Julia, 2009, Parallidiostoma tricornum Ocampo and Colby, a new genus and species of Allidiostomatinae from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), pp. 64-68 in Zootaxa 2287 on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191309, {"references":["Arrow, G. J. (1904) Sound-production in the lamellicorn beetles. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1904, 709 - 750."]}

Parallidiostoma Ocampo & Colby new genus (Figs. 1���6) Type species: Parallidiostoma tricornum Ocampo & Colby, here designated. Diagnosis. Parallidiostoma is distinguished from Allidiostoma by the following combination of characters: in Parallidiostoma the prontoum is nearly as long as it is wide (ratio 0.95) (in Allidiostoma the pronotum is strongly transverse, ratio Parallidiostoma lacks a membrane on anterior margin of the pronotum (in Allidiostoma the membrane is present), and Parallidiostoma has two well-developed horns on the anterior half of the pronotum (only males are known) (in males and females of Allidiostoma the pronotum is unarmed). Description. Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Allidiostomatinae. Color reddish brown. Form: Body convex oval, length 8.2-8.3 mm. Pygidium not exposed beyond apices of elytra. Head (Figs. 1���3): Surface punctate. Frons convex, armed with median horn. Frontoclypeal suture evident. Eye canthus setigerous; setae moderate in length, thick. Base of declivous anterior edge of clypeus with fringe of short, slender setae. Labrum slightly protruding beyond clypeal anterior margin, small, rounded. Mandibles developed, protruding beyond clypeus and labrum. Maxilary palps with 4 palpomeres. Labium ventrally setose, setae long, slender; labial palps with 3 palpomeres. Antenna with 9 antennomeres, club with 3 small, tomentose antenommeres. Pronotum (Figs 1���3): Surface punctate. Lateral margin weakly serrulate, setigerous; setae moderate to long, inserted in troughs of serrulations. All margins beaded except basal margin on external sides. Disc with deep fovea and horns. Fovea impunctate to punctate; punctures sparse to dense, small to large. Anterior margin of pronotum lacking membrane. Scutellum: Subtriangular, apex slightly rounded. Elytra (Fig. 1): Convex. Surface smooth; with 10 punctate striae, punctures size variable. Lateral margin smooth, setose; setae long. Ve nt e r: Prosternal surface smooth, not setigerous; prosternum setigerous at base and apex, smooth otherwise. Posterior prosternal process long, columnar, slender, setigerous; setae moderately long. Anterior prosternal process produced into rounded, setigerous knob; setae moderate to long. Abdominal sternites narrowed medially, setigerous. Pygidium: Not exposed beyond elytra, surface densely punctate. In lateral view, surface nearly flat. Legs (Fig. 1): Profemur with fringe of long cleaning setae on anterior surface. Protibia with 3 lateral teeth. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two tranversal carinae, carinae setose; setae thick, moderately long. Tarsal claws simple. Male genitalia (Fig. 4): Symmetrical; parameres longer than phalobase, slender. Etymology. From the Latin par - meaning similar, in reference to the similarity and close relationship of the genera Parallidiostoma and Allidiostoma. The genus is neuter in gender. Distribution (Fig. 5). The only known species of this genus is from Cuzco, Peru., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Colby, Julia, 2009, Parallidiostoma tricornum Ocampo and Colby, a new genus and species of Allidiostomatinae from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), pp. 64-68 in Zootaxa 2287 on page 65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191309

Parallidiostoma Ocampo & Colby new genus (Figs. 1–6) Type species: Parallidiostoma tricornum Ocampo & Colby, here designated. Diagnosis. Parallidiostoma is distinguished from Allidiostoma by the following combination of characters: in Parallidiostoma the prontoum is nearly as long as it is wide (ratio 0.95) (in Allidiostoma the pronotum is strongly transverse, ratio Parallidiostoma lacks a membrane on anterior margin of the pronotum (in Allidiostoma the membrane is present), and Parallidiostoma has two well-developed horns on the anterior half of the pronotum (only males are known) (in males and females of Allidiostoma the pronotum is unarmed). Description. Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Allidiostomatinae. Color reddish brown. Form: Body convex oval, length 8.2-8.3 mm. Pygidium not exposed beyond apices of elytra. Head (Figs. 1–3): Surface punctate. Frons convex, armed with median horn. Frontoclypeal suture evident. Eye canthus setigerous; setae moderate in length, thick. Base of declivous anterior edge of clypeus with fringe of short, slender setae. Labrum slightly protruding beyond clypeal anterior margin, small, rounded. Mandibles developed, protruding beyond clypeus and labrum. Maxilary palps with 4 palpomeres. Labium ventrally setose, setae long, slender; labial palps with 3 palpomeres. Antenna with 9 antennomeres, club with 3 small, tomentose antenommeres. Pronotum (Figs 1–3): Surface punctate. Lateral margin weakly serrulate, setigerous; setae moderate to long, inserted in troughs of serrulations. All margins beaded except basal margin on external sides. Disc with deep fovea and horns. Fovea impunctate to punctate; punctures sparse to dense, small to large. Anterior margin of pronotum lacking membrane. Scutellum: Subtriangular, apex slightly rounded. Elytra (Fig. 1): Convex. Surface smooth; with 10 punctate striae, punctures size variable. Lateral margin smooth, setose; setae long. Ve nt e r: Prosternal surface smooth, not setigerous; prosternum setigerous at base and apex, smooth otherwise. Posterior prosternal process long, columnar, slender, setigerous; setae moderately long. Anterior prosternal process produced into rounded, setigerous knob; setae moderate to long. Abdominal sternites narrowed medially, setigerous. Pygidium: Not exposed beyond elytra, surface densely punctate. In lateral view, surface nearly flat. Legs (Fig. 1): Profemur with fringe of long cleaning setae on anterior surface. Protibia with 3 lateral teeth. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with two tranversal carinae, carinae setose; setae thick, moderately long. Tarsal claws simple. Male genitalia (Fig. 4): Symmetrical; parameres longer than phalobase, slender. Etymology. From the Latin par - meaning similar, in reference to the similarity and close relationship of the genera Parallidiostoma and Allidiostoma. The genus is neuter in gender. Distribution (Fig. 5). The only known species of this genus is from Cuzco, Peru.

Xenaclopus Arrow (Figs. 1���14) Xenaclopus Arrow, 1915. Type species: Xenaclopus borneensis Arrow, 1915 by monotypy. Xenaclopus borneensis: Arrow 1915: 318 (original description); Allsopp 1983: 209 (key to Aclopinae genera); Allsopp 1984: 210 (lectotype designation); Lawrence & Newton 1995: 835 (citation); Jameson & Ocampo 2005 (citation). Xenoclopus [sic] sp.: D���Hotman & Scholtz 1990 (morphology of male genitalia). Type material: Lectotype at BMNH labeled: ���LECTO- / TYPE ���; ���Lundu / Sarawak /G. E. Bryant / 8.1.14.���; ��� Xenaclopus borneensis type Arrow���; ��� LECTOTYPE / Xenaclopus / borneensis / Arrow / det. P. G. Allsopp 1980 ���. Two paralectotypes at BMNH labeled: ���PARA- / LECTO- / TYPE ���; ���Lundu / Sarawak /G. E. Bryant / 8.1.14.���; ��� Xenaclopus borneensis type Arrow���; ��� PARALECTOTYPE ��� / Xenaclopus / borneensis / Arrow / det. P. G. Allsopp 1980 ���. One paralectotype at BMNH same as above except: ���Lundu / Sarawak /G. E. Bryant / 7.1.14.���. One paralectotype at BMNH labeled same as above except: ��� Xenaclopus / borneensis Arr / M.E.Bacchus det 1974 / PARALECTOTYPE ���. One paralectotype at CNCI same as above except: ���G. Bryant Coll / B. M. 1926 - 86 ���; ��� Xenaclopus / borneensis / Arrow / DET. at B.M. / H.F. HOWDEN ' 62 ���. Two paralectotypes from MNHN. Malaysia: Sarawak: Lundu, 7 -Jan- 1914 (1); Mt. Merinjak, 11 -May- 1914 (1)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2008, The genus Xenaclopus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): redescription and removal from the Aclopinae, with systematic notes, pp. 57-62 in Zootaxa 1916 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184620, {"references":["Arrow, G. (1915) Upon a remarkable new genus of lamellicorn beetles from Borneo. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 16, 317 - 319.","Allsopp, P. G. (1983) Neophaenogantha, a new genus for the Neotropical species of Phaenognatha Hope (Scarabaeidae: Aclopinae) with the description of N. capella n. sp. and designation of lectotypes. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 37, 208 - 211.","Allsopp, P. G. (1984) Lectotype designations for four species of Aclopus Erichson and Xenaclopus borneensis Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aclopinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 38, 209 - 210.","Lawrence, J. F. & Newton, Jr., A. F. (1995) Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, and references and data on family-group names). In: Pakaluk, J. & Slipinski, S. A. (eds.), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera. Papers Celebrating the 80 th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, Poland, pp. 779 - 1006.","Jameson, M. L. & Ocampo, F. C. (2005) Aclopinae Blanchard 1850. Ratcliffe, B. C. & Jameson, M. L. (eds.), Generic Guide to New World Scarab Beetles, The University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln. Available from: http: // www-museum. unl. edu / research / entomology / Guide / Scarabaeoidea / Scarabaeidae / Aclopinae / Aclopinae-Overview / AclopinaeO. html (Accessed on: April 2008).","D'Hotman, D. & Scholtz, C. H. (1990) Comparative morphology of the male genitalia of derived groups of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera). Eytron, 4, 3 - 39."]}

Xenaclopus borneensis Arrow Redescription: Male. Length 3.82���4.11 mm, width 2.26���2.75 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, elytra brown to dark-brown; head progressively darker from clypeus to frons, pronotum with 2 darker areas at middle, elytral margins and suture darker than disc. Head (Fig. 1): Eye canthus well developed, marginate with moderately long setae on anterior margin (note: setae not shown in illustration). Eyes well developed, rounded, not entirely divided by eye canthus. Frons slightly convex, surface sparsely punctate, sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Clypeus transverse; lateral margins oblique; anterior margin straight, slightly reflexed; frontoclypeal suture obsolete. Labrum protruding beyond clypeal margin, shape pentagonal with round apex with 5���6 long slender setae (setae not shown in illustration). Mandibles protruding beyond clypeal margin, broadly rounded externally, slightly concave dorsoventrally, lacking incisory teeth, molar area poorly developed (Fig. 2). Labium (Fig. 3) longer than wide, labial palpi with 3 palpomeres; surface setose, setae dense to moderately dense, long, slender. Maxillae poorly developed, maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres (Fig. 4). Antennae (Fig. 5) with 9 antennomeres, antennal club with 3 antennomeres; sixth antennomere greatly reduced, antennal club longer than antennomeres 1���6 combined. Pronotum (Fig. 6): Convex, wider than long. Surface sparsely punctate, setose; setae long, slender. Marginal bead complete; anterior margin concave, with membrane; lateral margins broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angles nearly right-angled; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum (Fig. 6): Large, triangular apex acute, surface sparsely punctate. Elytra (Fig. 6.): Convex, globose, lateral margins broadly rounded. Elytral striae absent sparsely punctate, sparsely setose; setae moderately long; pseudoepipleura poorly developed. Ve n te r (Fig. 7): Metasternum narrow, 0.51 times as long as wide; 6 ventrites exposed medially; penultimate ventrite as long as previous three ventrites combined (at middle), membranous on apical margin. Pygidium not exposed beyond elytral margin, wider than long, surface sparsely setose; setae long, slender. Abdominal spiracles dorsal to sternotergal suture. Legs: Protibiae with 3 teeth (Fig. 8), protibial spur slightly curved. Mesotibiae and metatibiae (Fig. 9) with short, medial, transverse carinae. Mesotibial and metatibial (Fig. 10) apex with fringe of thick setae; mesotibial and metatibial spurs contiguous, metatibial spurs (Figs. 9���10) both set below tarsal articulation; inner spur longer than outer spur. Metatibial tarsal insertion simple, without notch; metatibial apical margin entire. Tarsus approximately as long as tibiae. Tarsomeres 1 and 5 each longer than 2, 3, 4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae (Fig. 9). Protarsal claws curved, outer claw bifid (split) (Fig. 11). Mesotarsal and metatarsal claws simple (not bifid), symmetrical (Figs. 9). Male Genitalia: phallobase dilated basally, elongate apically, entirely open ventrally; parameres simple, symmetrical, elongate; paramere apex acute, angled in relation to phallobase (Figs. 12���13), genital segment (spiculum gastrale) poorly sclerotized, Y-shaped with very wide basal arm (Fig. 14). Remarks. Females are unknown to us., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2008, The genus Xenaclopus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): redescription and removal from the Aclopinae, with systematic notes, pp. 57-62 in Zootaxa 1916 on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184620

Hybochaetodus obscurus Arrow, 1909 (Fig. 8) Hybochaetodus obscurus Arrow, 1909: 500. Diagnosis. Male and females of this species are distinguished from other species of Hobochaetodus by the absence of elytral carinae; the pronotal posterior angles rounded; and the pronotal posterior margin rounded (Fig. 8). Distribution. Peru. 32 specimens examined from CNCI, FCOC, IADIZA, MUSM, UNSM, USNM, and VMDC. PERU (32): Cuzco: Cuzco (27); Machu Pichu (2); Puerto M��laga (1); No data (2). Temporal data. January (2), February (2), March (3), April (14), May (1), October (2), November (2). Natural history. Specimens of H. obscurus were collected in pitfall traps baited with either rotting fish or rotting chicken. Specimens were collected at elevations between 2,900���4,200 m., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C., 2006, Two new species of Hybochaetodus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae: Anaidinae) from Peru, pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 1304 on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173700, {"references":["Arrow, G. J. (1909) On the characters and relationships of the less known groups of lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosoridae, etc. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 57, 479 - 507."]}

Puelchesia gracilis Ocampo and Smith sp. nov. (Figs. 1���13) Type material. The type series consists of a holotype and 136 paratypes. Holotype male at IADIZA labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Mendoza / RP 20, 36 km W Pata Mora / S 36 �� 58 ' 20 '' W 69 �� 06' 19 '' / Jan- 7-2003, 1145 m / F. C. Ocampo, A. B. T. Smith��� and ��� Puelchesia gracilis / HOLOTYPE / F. C. Ocampo / and A. B. T. Smith��� (red holotype label, handwritten). Seventy-eight paratypes with same label as holotype at ABTS (10), CMNC (10), CNCI (3), FCOC (12), FMNH (2), IADIZA (12), MLPA (5), MNNC (5), UNSM (15), USNM (4). One paratype at IADIZA is a DNA voucher specimen stored in 95 % alcohol and preserved at - 80 �� C. It bears the additional label ��� UNSM SCARAB DNA / VOUCHER SPECIMEN / AS 118 / MAY 2003 ��� (label with black double border). Thirtyfive paratypes labeled: ���Malarg��e: a 7 km / de Ranquil camino a / Barrancas / 24 - 1-79 / Sergio Roig��� at FCOC (3), ABTS (2), IADIZA (25), and UNSM (5). Two paratypes at IADIZA labeled: ���Malerg��e: camino / a Barrancas a / 7 km de Ranquil Norte / 24 - 1-79 / Sergio Roig.��� One paratype at IADIZA labeled: ���Malarg��e: Entre / Ranquil Norte y Ba- / rrancas, 27 km de Ranquil / 24 - 1-79. / Sergio Roig.��� One paratype at IADIZA labeled: ���San Rafael / 25 de Mayo / 1 -ii- 79 / Sergio Roig.��� Four paratypes at IADIZA labeled: ���Mendoza: San Rafael / 6 km N Punta del Agua / 14 /XII/ 98 Flores /Roig��� and ��� 35 �� 28.25'S / 68 �� 04.32'W.��� Thirteen paratypes deposited in ABTS (1), FCOC (1), UNSM (1), and IADIZA (10) labeled: ���RA Mza Malarg��e O de / Sierra Chachahuen / 07- 1 -03 S. Roig Debandi.��� Two paratypes at HAHC labeled: ��� ARGENTINA: Pr. / de La Pampa / Col. 25 de Mayo / 29-30.XII. 1970 / A. Mart��nez��� and ���H. & A. HOWDEN / COLLECTION / Ottawa, Canada ��� (white label with black border). All paratypes with a yellow paratype label: ��� Puelchesia gracilis / PARATYPE / Ocampo and Smith.��� Type locality. Argentina, Mendoza, 36 km west of Pata Mora, S 36 �� 58 ��� 20 ��� W 69 �� 06��� 19 ��� (Fig. 12). Description of holotype. Male. Length 4.81 mm, width 1.93 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, venter, and legs light brown; head and legs darker brown. Surface shiny. Head (Figs. 3, 4): Surface glabrous; flat except for weak medial tubercle near frontoclypeal suture; densely punctate, punctures moderate in size (0.03���0.08 mm). Interocular width 0.26 mm. Eye canthus absent (Figs. 3, 4). Frontoclypeal suture well defined, complete. Clypeus broadly rounded; surface flat, sparsely punctate; punctures moderate in size (0.03���0.08 mm) (Fig. 3). Clypeal margin reflexed. Clypeal ventral surface setose, setae long. Labrum reduced, conical, setose; setae moderate in length. Labium reduced, labial palpi absent. Maxillae reduced, maxillary palpi with 4 palpomeres, palpomere 4 as long as palpomere 1���3 combined. Antennae with 8 antennomeres; antennomere 1 robust; antennomere 2 globose; antennomere 3���4 cylindrical; antennomere 5 short, wider than long; antennal club 3 -segmented, segments tomentose on margins and apex (Figs. 4, 5). Pronotum (Figs. 1���3): Convex, wider than long at middle. Surface glabrous, sparsely punctate; punctures moderate in size (0.03���0.08 mm). Marginal bead present; anterior margin concave, with membrane; lateral margins slightly angular, setose (setae hair-like, long); posterior margin slightly sinuous. Anterior angles acute; posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum (Fig. 1): Surface shiny, glabrous, apex rounded. Elytra (Fig. 1, 2): Convex, elongate, subparallel. Surface shiny, sparsely punctate, setose; punctures moderate in size (0.03���0.08 mm); setae long, hair-like. Elytra with 9 striae; area between elytral suture and stria 1 (1 st interstria) tapered at apex; stria 1 impressed; striae and interstriae punctate, setose. Elytral margins setose; setae long, hair-like. Hind wings (Fig. 6): Subcostal and radial vein well sclerotized, not reaching radial sector vein at wing apex; radial sector vein forked at apex; medial vein well developed; medial loop short; cubital vein poorly sclerotized apical to medial loop connection; anal veins 1 and 2 connected. Ve n t e r: Pro- and metasternum with surface glabrous, margins setose; setae long or short. Metasternum with surface sparsely setose, outer half more densely setose; slightly concave on outer half. Three ventrites exposed medially. Penultimate ventrite broadly membranous on apical margin, sparsely setose; setae long. Legs (Figs. 1, 2, 7���9): Coxae sparsely setose, setae long. Femora with surface smooth, with fringe of setae on anterior face, sparsely setose dorsally. Protibiae with 3 teeth; basal tooth small, apical tooth longer than protibial spur; surface with two fringes of long setae (Fig. 1); protibial spur slightly curved. Meso- and metatibiae with medial transverse carinae, carinae with 4���6 spine-like setae; apex semicircular, transversely truncate (Figs. 7, 8). Meso- and metatibial spurs subcontiguous, medial. Metatibial tarsal insertion simple, without notch (Fig. 9). Pro-, meso-, and metatarsomeres 1���4 subequal in length, tarsomere 5 1.3 times longer than 1���4 individually; apex of all tarsi with long, apical setae (Figs. 1, 2, 7, 8). Tarsal claws simple, gracile, symmetrical. Genitalia (Figs. 10, 11): Parameres simple, symmetrical, elongate, gracile. Female. Unknown. Paratypes. Length 3.70���5.60 mm. width 1.85���2.10 mm. The paratypes do not vary significantly from the description of the holotype. Etymology. Gracilis is Latin, meaning slender. This refers to the general form of this species. Natural history. The bulk of the type series of this species was collected in a canyon beside a dry river bed (Fig. 12). At the time these scarabs were collected, the canyon was extremely dry and it was obvious that it had not rained recently. There was very little insect activity and Puelchesia gracilis was the only species that came to our lights in any significant numbers. We used 250 watt mercury vapor bulbs at night to attract this species. We did not observe this species on any of the plants around the collecting area. Further natural history details are unknown. Habitat and distribution (Figs. 12, 13). The Monte Central is a part of the Monte biogeographic province, which extends from La Rioja to southern Mendoza in Argentina with annual mean temperatures between 13���15 ��C (Roig-Ju��ent & Flores 2001). The habitat where specimens of Puelchesia gracilis were collected is categorized as scrub desert. The area is dominated by vegetation communities of Larrea divaricata Cavanilles, L. cuneifolia Cavanilles (Zygophyllaceae), Bulnesia retama (Gillies ex Hooker and Arnott), Zuccagnia punctata Cavanilles,, Geoffroea decorticans (Gillies ex Hooker and Arnott) (Fabaceae), Prosopis alpataco Philippi (Mimosaceae), and Capparis atamisquea Kuntze (Capparidaceae) (according to Morello 1958)., Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C. & Smith, Andrew B. T., 2006, Puelchesia gracilis, a new genus and species of Pachydemini endemic to the Monte biogeographic province in Argentina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 53-62 in Zootaxa 1349 on pages 56-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174493, {"references":["Roig-Junent, S. & Flores G. (2001) Historia biogeografica de las areas aridas de America del Sur austral, p. 257 - 266. In J. Llorente Bousquets & J. J. Morrone (eds.), Introduccion a la Biogeografia en Latinoamerica: Teorias, Conceptos, Metodos y Aplicaciones. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D. F., 277 pp.","Morello, J. (1958) La provincia fitogeografica del Monte. Opera Lilloana, 2, 5 - 155."]}

Key to species of Hybochaetodus 1. Pronotum with posterior margin sinuous or with a distinctive medial projection; pronotal posterior angles nearly right��angled................................................................ 2 1 ���. Pronotum with posterior margin rounded; pronotal posterior angles rounded (Fig. 8).. .......................................................................................................... H. obscurus Arrow 2. Elytron with four distinctive, smooth, continuous carinae (including sutural carina); carinae extended from elytral base to declivious apical area (Figs. 3���4)........................ ............................................................................... H. erugocarinatus Ocampo sp. nov. 2 ���. Elytron without distinctive, continuous, smooth carinae.............................................. 3 3. Elytral shape globose; elytral disc convex; all five elytral carinae distinctively interrupted (Figs. 1, 2) ............................................................ H. disruptus Ocampo sp. nov. 3 ���. Elytral shape elongate; elytral disc nearly flat; one lateral, discal carina; carina continuous, not interrupted (Fig. 7) ................................................................ H. flaco Ocampo, Published as part of Ocampo, Federico C., 2006, Two new species of Hybochaetodus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae: Anaidinae) from Peru, pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 1304 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173700