1. The control of responsiveness in ADHD by catecholamines: evidence for dopaminergic, noradrenergic and interactive roles
- Author
-
Espen Borgå Johansen, Vivienne A. Russell, L.A. Ruocco, Adolfo G. Sadile, Robert D. Oades, Heidi Aase, Davide Viggiano, Paola Devoto, Alessandro Zuddas, Terje Sagvolden, Oades, Rd, Sadile, Adolfo, Sagvolden, T, Viggiano, D, Zuddas, A, Devoto, P, Aase, H, Johansen, Eb, Ruocco, La, and Russell, Va
- Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience ,Dopamine ,Medizin ,Context (language use) ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Norepinephrine ,Catecholamines ,Memory ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Animals ,Humans ,Neurochemistry ,ddc:610 ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters ,Neurons ,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Methylphenidate ,Dopaminergic ,Novelty ,Brain ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Haplorhini ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Psychopharmacology ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,medicine.drug ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Introduction: We explore the neurobiological bases of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from the viewpoint of the neurochemistry and psychopharmacology of the catecholamine-based behavioural systems. Rodent-Primate Models: The contributions of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neurotransmission to the motor and cognitive symptoms of ADHD (e.g., hyperactivity, variable and impulsive responses) are studied in rodent and primate models. These models represent elements of the behavioural units observed in subjects with ADHD clinically or in laboratory settings (e.g., locomotion, changed sensitivity/responsivity to novelty/reinforcement and measures of executive processing). In particular, the models selected emphasize traits that are strongly influenced by mesocorticolimbic DA in the spontaneously hypertensive [SHR] and the Naples high excitability [NHE] rat lines. In this context the mode of action of methylphenidate treatment is discussed. We also describe current views on the altered control by mesolimbic catecholamines of appropriate and inappropriate goal-directed behaviour, and the tolerance or intolerance of a delay in achieving reinforcement in ADHD children and animal models. Recent insights into the previously underestimated role of the NA system in the control of mesocortical DA function, and the frontal role in processing information are elaborated.
- Published
- 2005