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Background: Nutritional anemia is a disorder that cause due to a lack of one or more vital nutrients, such as iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals. In this condition hemoglobin content in the blood is lower than usual. Nutritional anemia has been described as correlated with reduced childhood emotional, physical, and cognitive function and is a major risk factor for maternal mortality. Objective: 1. To assess the prevalence of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. 2. To assess the causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. 3. To associate the demographic variable with prevalence and causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. Methodology: This is a cross sectional observational study will be conducted among the adolescent girls where age is between 10-14 years, the sample size can be calculated statistically by using the prevalence of previous studies which done in India and the sample size is 220 adolescent girls selected in a particular rural community area of Wardha district. Non-probability convenience sampling will be using for sample collection. The standard haemoglobinometer (Accusure HB meter) for analyzing the haemoglobin according to WHO criteria and structure questionnaire scale is made upon the causes behind the nutritional anemia. According to some previous studies, the prevalence rate has been shown high in the adolescent age group so this study help to find the prevalence rate in a particular community and the causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. Expected Results: In this study the researcher evaluate the prevalence and its causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls, this study will show the rate of prevalence in the particular community area and also the causes of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls. Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results.

The provision of nutrition education for teenage girls is an alternative to increase protein and iron intake to prevent anemia. This study aims to determine nutrition education's effect using pocketbook media on protein and iron intake in teenage girls. The research design used was quasi-experimental with a control group pre and post-test design. Sampling was done by the purposive sampling method—statistical analysis using Paired Samples T-test, Wilcoxon, Independent Samples T-test, and Mann Whitney. This study indicates an influence of nutrition education using pocketbook media on protein intake (p = 0.000) and iron (p = 0.000) in the treatment group. There is no effect of nutrition education using PowerPoint on protein intake (p = 0.326) and substances iron (p = 0.52) in the control group. Statistically, there was a significant difference between protein intake (p = 0.000) and iron (p = 0.001) of the treatment and control groups. It is recommended that UKS and students work together to conduct nutrition education routinely so that the nutrition information delivered can be given to all students in the school to prevent nutritional anemia.

In India Anemia is more prevalent and case rate is very high compared to world average. More than half of India’s children and women are anemic according to national family health survey 2019-20. There is a dire need to look into causes and prevention of anemia. With regular care and proper diet, we can reduce anemic cases easily. In this paper we are going to discuss causes of anemia, signs and symptoms, homeopathic management, treatment and simple prevention measures.

Objectives: Nutritional anemia is highly prevalent in lactating mothers. It is postulated that anemic pregnant women secrete less iron in their breast milk. This study was aimed to compare the iron levels in breast milk samples of anemic and non-anemic lactating pregnant women and to correlate breast milk iron levels with the hemoglobin (Hb) status of anemic and non-anemic mothers. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 120 pregnant women aged 20–30 years having a normal antenatal history. They were classified into non-anemic and anemic groups based on their Hb status; Group 1: Hb ≥11 g/dl and Group 2: Hb 7–10.9 g/dl, respectively. Results: Maternal blood Hb was significantly different between the groups (11.8 ± 0.6 vs. 10.2 ± 0.5 g/dL, P > 0.05). Breast milk iron levels did not vary significantly between the groups (938.8 ± 465.6 vs. 1084.8 ± 440.8 μg/dl). No correlation was observed between maternal Hb levels of anemic lactating mothers and breast milk iron status (r = 0.054, P = 0.424). Conclusion: Our research study validates the finding that maternal anemia did not affect breast milk iron concentration during the early post-natal period by showing the optimum iron levels in it. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants.

Background: Anemia is a highly prevalent condition developed in children belonging to all socioeconomic status and is mainly caused due to iron deficiency in nutrition. Aim: To identify the Prevalence of nutritional anemia in children of high socioeconomic status. Methods: Children between 6 months and 14 years of age belonging to high socioeconomic status, admitted in pediatric ward of Kauvery Hospital, a tertiary center at Trichy were included in the study. Children with hemolytic anemia, chronic illnesses, and those who received blood transfusion were excluded from the study. The World Health Organization classification was used for grading the severity of anemia as mild, moderate, and severe based on hemoglobin levels for the age. Modified Kuppuswamy scale 2016 was used to assess the socioeconomic status of the children. Children belonging to upper and upper middle socioeconomic status were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia among the study population was 44.5%. Out of 400 subjects, 178 participants were anemic. Of the 178 anemic children, 78.1% were in the age group of 6 months–5 years, 20.2% in 5–11 years, and 1.7% in 12–14 years. Among children between 6 and 23 months, 75 were anemic. Almost all patients showed microcytic hypochromic anemia. There were a significantly higher number of overweight and obese children among those anemic in all age groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that every other child is anemic even in families of high socioeconomic status, especially

Anaemia is a serious concern for the young children as it affects the cognitive performance, development (cognitive and behavioral), coordination, language development and scholastic achievement. Various interventions have been undertaken during last 50 years such as green revolution, PDS, ICDS, etc. Nutritional deficiencies remain with the same burden and nutritional anemia being one of the major concerns in India. Hence it becomes quite evident hat alternative strategies should be tried to improve the nutritional anemia and reduce the morbidity associated with it, such as use of locally available, traditional food to increase the bioavailability of iron and to improve the nutritional behavior through nutritional education. The present study was proposed with an aim to assess the role of Moringa Olifera powder in improving haemoglobin level among the anaemic children. A case control study was conducted at a village, Chikaballapur district of Karnataka. 312 school children were screened for Haemoglobin level; Out of 312 students 124 school children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 66 children were recruited to control group and interventional group respectively. The children in the interventional group were administered with 3gms per day (1/2 a tea spoon) of Moringa Olifera powder along with their food for 3 months and regular supplements provided at school. Control group was advised to continue with the regular meal and regular supplements provided at the school. Haemoglobin levels were estimated before and 3 months after the intervention. Out of 58 children in the interventional group 33 (56.9%) were females and 25 (43.1%) were males and out of 66 children in the control group 34 (51.55) were females and 32(48.5%) were males. The mean Haemoglobin level of the children in the interventional group before the intervention was 10.332 which increased to 10.967 after the intervention. Similarly the mean Haemoglobin level of children in the control group before the intervention was 9.950 which remained 9.873 after the intervention. The increase in the mean haemoglobin level in the interventional group was significant with the p value of 0.045. After the intervention the children with moderate anaemia decreased from 38(65.5%) to 23(39.7%) and 13 (22.4%) children turned normal in the experimental group and in the control group the children with moderate anaemia increased from 52(78.8%) to 55(81.8%). There a statistically significant marginal improvement in haemoglobin level in the interventional group after three months.

Anemia that occurs in some pregnant women is caused by an increase in the need for nutrients and changes in the blood during pregnancy. Anemia will have a bad effect on the health of the mother and the fetus, that is, this condition will increase the morbidity and mortality of mother and child. Maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Ambon city, in 2013 there were 4 maternal deaths or 28.6 per 100,000 live births. In 2014 there were 2 mothers or 59.9 per 100,000 live births and in 2015 there was an increase of 5 or 36.3 per 100,000 live births. The main cause of death is bleeding because anemia is not handled. Efforts to prevent and overcome iron nutritional anemia through the provision of iron supplements are prioritized for pregnant women. Therefore, to prevent nutritional anemia in pregnant women, iron supplementation with a daily dose of 1 tablet (60 mg elemental iron and 0.25 g folic acid) consecutively for at least 90 days during pregnancy.Keywords: anemia in pregnancy, prevention, and control of anemia.

Prevalence of anemia in India is almost 40% with no significant change since 1998–99, whereas globally this prevalence has been reduced to

Nutritional anemia generally occurs in women of reproductive age and children. This situation has the greatest overall effect in terms of health problems. Iron deficiency anemia is prone to occur in young women due to the increased need for iron during their infancy. The proportion of Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in pregnant women in Sukawati District in 2017 was 34 mothers and in 2018 increased to as many as 40 pregnant women experiencing KEK, while the proportion of KEK in adolescent girls was not yet available. Likewise with the Proportion of Anemia in young women there is no data yet. Therefore, the servants will carry out Hb examination and measurement of LILA (Upper Arm Circumference) on young women in Sukawati sub-district, Gianyar Regency. The purpose of the Community Service is to provide counseling on nutrition, especially in the prevention of Anemia and KEK as well as examining hemoglobin levels in young women in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The method used to achieve the objectives of community service is the method of lecture, discussion and examination of Hb levels and measurement of MUAC.Examination of hemoglobin levels was performed to determine the anemia status of the target. The average Hb level was 12.85 g / dl while the lowest value was 9.1 g / dl while the highest was 14.6 g / dl. Of the 50 targets examined found 14 targets (28%) anemia and 36 targets (72%) were not anemic. Determination of KEK status is done by measuring the target upper arm circumference (MUAC). Of the 50 targets measured there were 17 targets (34%) experienced KEK and 33 targets (66%) did not experience KEK. The conclusion of this community service counseling about Anemia and KEK in the prevention of anemia and KEK has succeeded in increasing good knowledge to be above 50%, Adolescent girls who have anemia by 28%, Adolescent girls who experience chronic Less Energy (KEK) by 34% in Sukawati District Gianyar RegencyKeywords: Anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Adolescent Girls

Background: Anemia is an important comorbidity in under-five children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The data on evaluation of SAM are limited. Aim: This study was done for analysis of incidence and types of anemia prevalent in SAM children. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective observational study conducted from July 2017 to December 2018. A total of 260 children of age

Objective This study aims to design and apply modules and flipchart about nutritional anemia and Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) for bride in the Bugienesse Culture “mappacci”. Method this study applied a qualitative method with a case study design. The informants were selected by purposive sampling. Steps of research: (1) Fostering Atmosphere for Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) Activist, (2) Explaining Module to community leader and flipchart to Cadres, (3) Testing media feasibility to adolescents, (4) Intervening contents of module to Master of Ceremony (MC) during Mappacci, and (5) Evaluating goals (bride). This study was analyzed by using content analysis. Results 2 modules were arranged with symbols and typical Bugienesse language for MC and community leader (Pacci giver), and 1 flipchart for PKK cadres. Teenagers understood the contents of the media and were interested in innovation of health education according to local wisdom. MC and community leader were able to explain nutritional anemia and CED information based on the module to bride. Most educated brides could identify the signs and risks of nutritional anemia and CED, as well as the importance of supplements for pregnant women. Conclusion educational innovation succeeded in giving early understanding about nutritional anemia and CED prevention to bride.

Background : Anemia is a nutritional problem in Indonesia which was characterized by a condition where the red blood cells or hemoglobin levels is lower than the normal value. Nutritional anemia is caused by deficiency nutrients that play a role in the formation of hemoglobin, due to inadequate consumption or absorption disorders. These nutrients are iron, protein, vitamin B12 which act as catalysts in hem synthesis in hemoglobin molecules, vitamin C, zinc which affect iron absorption and vitamin E which affect the stability of the red blood cell membrane. Most of these are iron nutrient anemia. Females adolescent are more susceptible to anemia compared than men. The minimum of hemoglobin levels in females adolescent to diagnose as anemia is when hemoglobin levels are less than 12 g / dl. Objective : To increase hemoglobin levels of females adolescents by providing tempeh flour-based snacks Method : In this study, an attempt had made to create tempe-based formula in the form of pizza which was high in iron and protein, the availability of tempe flour was great because the absorption disturbing agent was damaged by the fermentation process. The analysis was carried out to observe the difference in Hb levels in the treatment group (given tempe flour pizza) and control (given a regular pizza) and the relationship between BMI, nutrients-intake and consumption compliance with Hb levels. Result : The results showed there was an increase in Hb levels of 1.21 g% in the treatment group (61.54%). Nevertheless, the increase did not statistically significant. There was no relationship between BMI, nutrients intake and compliance with pizza consumption to increase Hb levels. Conclussion : Administration of tempeh fluor-based pizza for a month could increase Hb levels by 1.21 g/dl in most study participant, but it did not statistically significant.

Background: Due to lack of consumption of nutrients by cell the Nutritional anemia occurs. Iron, folic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C and protein are vital nutrients whose deficiency can lead to nutritional anemia. Aim: To study the magnitude of anaemia in young females and its association with diet pattern. Materials and Methods: Study was done as a cross-sectional study in young females of age 18 to 40. Demographic details like age, height, body weight, and the dietary patterns comprising food habits were recorded. Hematological parameters were obtained using automated haematology cell counter and peripheral blood smears by microscopy. Results: In this study 100 females were included, 62% of participants were anemic, the mean years of age in the study participants was 26.52±3.48 years. 44% of participants had mild anemia followed by 16% had moderate anemia and 2% had severe anemia. On further analysis of dietary habits, 47% of women not taking green leafy vegetables had mild to moderate anemia, 25% of women drinking tea or coffee after the meal had mild anemia and 14% of women eating junk foods and 5% of women eating less fruits had mild to moderate anemia. Conclusion: Improving women’s health education on the consumption of iron-rich foods and healthy diet habits is instrumental in preventing nutritional anemia could be the single most important intervention to reduce India’s anemia burden. Keywords: Anemia, Diet, Green leafy vegetables.

Introduction: Anemia is a major public health problem affecting both the developed(14%) as well as the developing(51%) countries. India became the first developing country to take up a National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program (NNAPP) to prevent anemia among pregnant women. Aims and objectives: 1.To find out the prevalence of anemia in ANC patients with low socioeconomic status2. To find out morphological types of anemia in this ANC patients 3.To study the various factors causing anemia in this group. Material and Methods: The type of this study is the Cross-Sectional Study, it was conducted on the ANC patients attending OPD and IPD of OBGY department at BhausahebSardesai Talegaon Rural Hospital, Maharashtra.The written consent of the pregnant women was obtained prior to the collection of the blood sample. Data was collected with the help of proforma.The blood sample was collected in the anticoagulant bulb. The diagnosis of anemia done by Hb estimation and estimation of blood indices. Morphological typing is done with the help of Peripheral blood smear stained with Leishman stain. Results: In the present study prevalence of anemia was found to be 72.58%. 15.32% of women found to be mildly anemic, 52.42% moderately anemic and 4.84% severely anemic followed by 27.42% not anemic. PBS examination of anemic women shows microcytic hypochromic anemia (74.44%), microcytic normochromic (3.33%), normocytic normochromic (20%), and normocytic hypochromic (2.22%). Conclusion: Microcytic hypochromic blood picture is predominant in the present study, it indicates there are deficient iron intake and lack of awareness about proper diet. Proper interaction, information, medication, proper diet containing all nutrients, cooking in iron utensils, fortification of food and salt with iron and birth control for proper spacing of pregnancies; such measures will go long way in improving maternal and fetal outcome.

Anemia is a condition where the level of red blood cells in a person's blood is lower than a normalperson. Anemia can occur if a person's red blood cells do not have enough amount ofhaemoglobin. [4] In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia by 57.1% is suffered by young women,27.9% is suffered by women of reproductive age (WUS) and 40.1% is suffered by pregnantwomen. The main cause of nutritional anemia in Indonesia is the low level in iron intake (Fe). Inadolescent women 26.50%, women of childbearing age (WUS) 26.9%, pregnant women 40.1%,and children under five 47.0%. [14] This study aims to determine the determinant factors ofanemia in female college students. This research design uses descriptive analytic method. Thesample in this study were all students of Study Program D III Midwifery of STIKES Brebes,amounting to 74 respondents. The data collection tool uses a portable HB check tool to determineHB levels and structured questionnaires. The results showed that as many as 31 respondents (41%)had anemia, most of which were 25 respondents (80.6%) knew well about anemia. A total of 11respondents (35.4%) with normal menstrual cycles have anemia and 14 respondents (45%) liveindependently or boarding. Efforts should be made to carry out activities related to healtheducation about the dangers of anemia and how to prevent it so that the incidence of anemia inyoung women students of the Midwifery Study Program of STIKES STIKES can be addressedproperly.

Poorly diversified and micronutrient-deficient dietary intakes during pregnancy remain one of the major causes of nutritional anemia in developing countries. However, data on diet and its relation to anemia in pregnant women in Cote d'Ivoire are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence and iron deficiency anemia associated factors in pregnant women in Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 pregnant women attending antenatal care services at public health hospitals in Abidjan. Sociodemographic, obstetrical, and dietary data were collected. Blood samples taken by venipuncture were analyzed for hemoglobin and iron biomarkers. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. 47.8% of the pregnant women tested were anemic, 25.8% and 30.4% had iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, respectively. Based on AORs, the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (6.04 v 4.18, respectively), multiparity (13.18), skipping meals (3.05), inadequate energy (5.369), protein (2.74), and vitamin C (2.43) intakes and low dietary diversity (8.35) are the independent and significant determinants of iron deficiency anemia. The high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Abidjan reveals a real public health problem. Iron deficiency anemia is due to multiparity, gestational age, inadequate intake, low dietary diversity, and skipping meals.

Introduction Pancytopenia is a clinical entity encountered in pediatric practice as a feature of various benign and malignant disorders. It describes the simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Attempts to identify the correct etiology and gauging the severity of pancytopenia will help to determine the management and prognosis of the patients. Objectives To study etio-hematological profile, clinical correlates and outcome of pancytopenia in Indian children Methods This prospective observational study of children with pancytopenia was conducted at a tertiary care center from August 2015 to July 2016. Clinical, hematological and bone marrow studies were performed and patients were followed for one year. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results Out of 84 cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 70 (70.77±4.8) months. Bone marrows showed aplastic changes in 37% and hyperplasia in 14% of patients. In our study, most common causes were aplastic anemia, acute leukemia and nutritional anemia. During the first year of follow-up, 67% pancytopenics survived and 12% succumbed (rest discontinued treatment) with ~26% of aplastic anemia (7/27 cases) and 9% of acute leukemia (2/22 cases) not surviving. Anthropometric status of patients and severity in aplastic anemia were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with outcome. Conclusion The data gathered support a complex picture for pancytopenia in our study population since both benign nutritional deficiencies and malignant hematological neoplasms were common. Bone marrow studies seem to be of salient use in delineating etiology. As the outcome is multifactorial, factors like anthropometry, hematological parameters have a bearing on prognosis.

In the stage of growth and development, adolescence is the stage where a person experiences a transition to adulthood. Nutritional needs in adolescents are higher than the age of the child. Increased nutritional requirements in adolescence were energy, protein, calcium, iron and zinc. Many problems faced by adolescents related to nutrition and health problems. As for the problems that were usually experienced in the teenage phase are Obesity and Anemia. Anemia is a condition when the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells was below normal. In women, normal hemoglobin is 12-16 gr percent and erythrocytes 3.5-4.5 million / mm3. Many things could be factors anemia, one of the causes was a lack of iron (Fe) so called iron deficiency anemia or iron nutritional anemia. This research was descriptive by using primary data obtained through the use of questionnaires where the sample used was total sampling from the entire population, namely 32 female students of SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan. In this research found the majority of respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge as many as 27 people (84.37%). For this reason, it was expected that the SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan students can expand their knowledge, especially about Iron Nutrition Anemia to find out the signs and symptoms of Iron Nutrition Anemia in order to prevent the occurrence of cases of Iron Nutrition Anemia in young women.

Consumption of folic acid intake, B12 and the pattern of menstruation are factors causing the occurrence of anemia, vitamin B12 and folic deficiency often occurs in young women. Deficiency of one or several nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin C, which is necessary for the formation of nutrients can cause nutritional anemia. The purpose of study was to know the intake of folic acid intake, Vitamin B12 and menstruation pattern with the incidence of Anemia in young women in Surabaya Junior High School. Research method was cross sectional approach. The study population of all female students who have menstruated in Surabaya Junior High School was taken by simple random sampling. The research instrument was questionnaire by 24-hour Food Recall and FFQ complement data that could not be obtained through 24-hour memory, menstrual pattern questionnaires and hemoglobin results by measuring hemoglobin (HB) by cyanmethemoglobin method. Data analysis was using logistic regression test. The result was 19.007 (p = 0.000; OR = 31.000-; 95 percent CI = 4.002- 240.150), this means there was a significant association between vitamin B12 intake and the incidence of anemia (p < 0.05), and the menstruation pattern was 10.340 (p = 0.001; OR = 4.846-; 95 percent CI = 1.897- 12.379), this means there was a significant relationship between the pattern of menstruation and the incidence of anemia (p < 0.05). Vitamin B12 intake and menstruation pattern significantly influenced the incidence of anemia (P =

The prevalence of nutritional anemia is one of elementary shool-aged children’s nutritional problems andbrings an impact on students’ learning achievements. This study aimed to analyze the role of sharing peergroup intervention on nutritional anemia prevention to elementary school-aged children. The research designused was quasi-experiment with control group design. Population and samples of students from IV and Vclasses were 54 and the students were chosen through purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed withpaired test. Results showed that there were increment scores in cognitive aspect after sharing peer groupmethod was applied as research intervention (M=24.07; SD=11.851). The value was greater than cognitivescores increment after counseling method applied as research intervention (M=14.81; SD=8.931) with pvalue=0.002 less than significance value (p

Iron malnutrition anemia is a micronutrient problem that often occurs throughout the world. The prevalence of nutritional anemia in the teenagers age group nationally is 18.4%. The government has a program in an effort to prevent anemia in adolescents, which is to provide one grain of iron supplements every week throughout the year for female teenagers at school. The administration was carried out for 16 weeks with details of once a week and for 10 days of menstruation, so that the total given was 52 tablets. Examine the characteristics of the sample (age, family socioeconomic, pocket money, menstrual history, nutritional status and physical activity), knowledge about anemia, attitudes, compliance, family support and teacher support in interventions with Fe supplementation and IEC about anemia against hemoglobin levels for female teenagers in State Senior High School in the District of Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta, Indonesia. This research is a Quasi Experimental with a sample of 126 female teenagers. The difference in the mean hemoglobin level of the intervention group before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in the average hemoglobin level between the three groups at pretest. The result of the multi regression analysis shows that the dominant variable is knowledge.

Background: Adolescence is the period of rapid growth with physical & physiological development andprofound biological, emotional, social, and cognitive changes in human beings. Nutritional anemia is thecommon & worldwide public health problem among adolescent girls and overall prevalence of nutritionalanemia varies from 40-90%. It may produce adverse effects like increased risk of morbidity and mortalityand affects adolescent’s future health.Objective: This study aimed to assess the awareness on nutritional anemia and its prevention amongadolescent girls.Method: A non experimental descriptive design was adopted to assess awareness on nutritional anemia andits prevention among adolescent girls at Keezhakasakudi, Karaikal. A total of 60 adolescent girls between10-15 years of age were selected by convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using selfstructured interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysis the gathereddata.Results: The study results reported that the majority 63% (38) of adolescent girls had inadequate awareness,27% (16) had moderately adequate awareness and only 10% (6) had adequate awareness on nutritionalanemia and its prevention. The overall mean was 9.6 with standard deviation±2.49. The results of thepresent study also revealed that there was statistically significant association between level of awareness onnutritional anemia with age of the adolescent girls.Conclusion: Nutritional anemia as the major non communicable disease and contributing negative impacton health, it necessitates the need to organize counseling programs to adolescent girls in schools and collegeswith much emphasis on impact of nutritional anemia on future health.

Introduction: -Growth of all living organism depends on nutrition .In human being growth period is said tobe from conception to adolescence and after that nutrition is required for maintenance of body. Lot of workhas been done regarding role of nutrition during pregnancy, infancy and childhood but hardly any attentionis paid to the group called adolescence i.e. period between childhood and adulthood. The most prevalentnutritional condition is anaemia worldwide. Prevalence in India of anemia among young girls were 56 % andthis amount to an average 64 million girls at any point in time.Aim: To determine the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of nutritionalanemia among adolescence.Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental pre-test, post-test research design was used to conduct thisstudy. The setting was selected in the Kasturba Vidya Mandir Sewagram,Wardha (Maharashtra) after getting ethical permission. Purposive sampling was the sampling method used tocollect data from 9th standard students on the basis of structured knowledge questionnaire. After collectingpre-test data, planned teaching was given for intervention regarding prevention of nutritional anemia toadolescencents. Seven days were provided to the samples for utilizing planned teaching which was organizedfor 45-50 minutes. Post-test information was gathered after seven days from the day of intervention. Thedata were described by frequency, percentage and t-test was used to describe the difference between pre-testand post-test knowledge score. Chi-square test was also used to find out the association between knowledgeof 9th standard students regarding prevention of nutritional anaemia and selected demographic variables.Results: There was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores interpreted thatplanned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of nutritional anaemia among adolescencents wereeffective. Mean value of pretest was 10.10 and posttest was 19.08and standard deviation values of pretestwas ±2.27and posttest was ±2.21. The calculated t-value was 19.66and p-value was 0.000.Conclusion: - The study was effective because the post-test knowledge score improved than the pre-testknowledge score. So the planned teaching has proved to improve 9th standard students knowledge regardingprevention of nutritional anaemia.

Background: Nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in India. The average diet in India is low in iron and mostly of vegetable origin. This can be improved by increasing awareness of foodstuffs that are rich in iron and ensuring their availability. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the quality of information available on iron-rich foods and to assess their production and consumption in India. Methods: This was a review of common textbooks for medical, nursing, and home science students; related policy and program documents; and government publications on production and consumption of various foodstuffs in India. Results: Details of specific foods that are rich in iron have not been provided. Instead, food groups such as pulses, cereals, nuts, and green leafy vegetables (GLVs) have been mentioned that are good sources of non-heme iron. This is in spite of the fact that all the foodstuffs in these groups are not uniformly iron rich. Among cereals and pulses, rice and red gram dal (arhar) are the most commonly produced and consumed, though they have the lowest iron content. Spinach and mustard leaves believed to be iron rich and commonly consumed are among those GLVs having lowest iron content. Conclusion: Details of 5–10 foodstuffs which have the highest iron content within each food group should be available in relevant books and documents meant for education, production, and consumption data.

Nutritional anemias in children are important for the clinician to be able to recognize, diagnosis, and treat. Iron deficiency is not only the most common nutritional anemia but also the most common cause of anemia in infancy and childhood. Iron deficiency anemia has important health ramifications including effects on neurodevelopment. Dietary modifications can prevent iron deficiency, and if iron deficiency develops, simple interventions help prevent cognitive detriments. Given the common prevalence of this disease and its impact on neurodevelopment, it is imperative that primary care physicians recognize the condition early and initiate treatment.

In the elderly with cytopenia, the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be missed. Cytokine levels contribute to the pathology of MDS. Hence, the objectives were to evaluate cytogenetic profile as a prognostic indicator in risk stratification and cytokine levels as a screening tool in patients with cytopenia for diagnosis. Over 2 years (2016–2018), 150 elderly patients were screened. MDS diagnosis was confirmed by morphology. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 levels were assessed in 50 patients, and karyotyping was performed in 20 confirmed cases of MDS. Age-matched healthy controls were used for comparison of cytokine levels. Among 150 patients, 88.6% had anemia, including nutritional anemia (51.2%). MDS diagnosis was confirmed in 35 patients. In 15 patients, unexplained cytopenia (UC) was present. Karyotyping in 20 MDS patients was normal in 15 (75%) patients and revealed a complex karyotype in four (20%) patients and double chromosomal abnormality in one (5%) patient. The Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) scored 91% in the low-risk group and 9% (n = 3) in the high-risk group; the latter three developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and two of them had a 7q deletion. Among the 15 cases of UC, one patient died from refractory anemia. No significant difference in levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were found between MDS and UC patients when compared with healthy controls, as well as between different risk groups and karyotypes. A significant difference in IL-2 levels was found in MDS patients with disease progression and with stable disease. On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that IL-2 levels will help in predicting disease progression.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency and its related hematological and neurological manifestations, of which pernicious and megaloblastic anemia are the most recognized entities, have puzzled the medical community for over a century. These conditions are described in all ages, race and ethnicities, continents, and socioeconomic groups. Among the etiologies identified in vitamin B12 deficiency, nutritional deficiency, including restrictive diets due to access to appropriate food items, food or oral aversion, or personal choice, is recognized in developed and developing countries. Other etiologies include inherited or genetic defect in the metabolism of vitamin B12, immune-mediated, or absorption-related defects. Understanding the pathophysiology of this phenomenon has allowed us to provide the adequate treatment to reverse the changes in the affected systems successfully.

Iron nutritional anemia is anemia caused by iron deficiency in the blood, meaning the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is less than 11 gr / dl. According to WHO, the incidence of pregnancy anemia ranges between 20% and 89% by setting Hb 11 g% (g / dl). The pregnancy anemia rate occurred 3.8% in the first trimester, 13.6% trimester II, and 24.8% in the third trimester. To know the effectiveness of CAMIL media (iron anemia disc pregnant mother) to behavior of prevention of iron anemia in pregnant mother in work area of ​​Beringin Raya Public Health Center of Bengkulu City. This type of research uses Quasy Experimental Study with Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. The population in this study were pregnant women listed in the Register of Beringin Raya Public Health Center of Bengkulu Year 2018. total samples were 40 respondents.20 respondents of the intervention group and 20 control groups. Data analysis using T-test. The result of the research is the effect of CAMIL on knowledge, attitude and action where the sign value 0.000 0.05. For attitudes on the CAMIL group and the leaflet is the same where the sign value is 0.146> 0.05. Action on the CAMIL group and the same leaflet where the sign value is 0.064> 0.05. Conclusion From the results of this study it can be concluded that health education is important to improve knowledge, attitude, and action, using CAMIL media and leaflets, both media are equally efketif because it is written with the added pictures

Anemia in pregnancy is one of the causes of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in developing countries. The main causes of maternal death include postpartum haemorrhage and placenta previa from deficiency anemia. In Indonesia, nutritional anemia is one of the main nutritional problems. Some predisposing factors that are thought to be closely related to the incidence of anemia in pregnant women are age, parity and distance of pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between age, parity and distance of pregnancy with the incidence of anemia during pregnancy. Samples were all pregnant women who were anemic during the study at the Hanna Kasih Medan Clinic in the January-March 2015 period, which amounted to 70 people. Data collection techniques with documentation. Analysis method using Chi-Square test. Conclusion there is a correlation between age (p = 0.000), parity (p = 0.000), and pregnancy distance (p = 0.004), with the incidence of anemia during pregnancy at the Hanna Kasih Clinic with the highest frequency is 47.1% mild anemia, age 20- 35 years 52.9%, multi gravida parity 34.3% and gestational distance

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in children aged 0-35 months in Lithuania. Nevertheless, there are no studies investigating IDA in this age group. We aimed to identify the major risk factors for disease development focusing on medical history and dietary habits.A prospective case-control study was conducted in a university hospital. The enrolled cohort was divided into three groups: IDA infants (IDA-In; n = 36, aged 3-11 months), IDA children (IDA-Ch; n = 23, aged 12-32 months), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 32, aged 6-34 months).There was a higher number of premature, low birth weight (LBW), and faster gaining weight infants in the IDA-In group. Their diet diversity was lower than IDA-Ch and HC. In contrast, the IDA-Ch group had no signs of impaired iron stores at birth or higher iron need for fast growth; their diet diversity was similar to that of HC, but meat was introduced later as compared with those in the IDA-In and HC groups. Consumption of cow's milk was rather low among all study participants, but consumption of sugar-added products was found to be a new emerging problem. Exclusive breastfeeding did not differ in duration and prevalence; the age for introduction of complementary foods was similar in all groups.Low compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on breastfeeding and complementary feeding suggests an urgent need for nutritional counseling in early childhood, especially in premature, LBW, and fast gaining weight infants.

Background and Aims: Pancytopenia may be a manifestation of a wide variety of disorders which primarily or secondarily affects the bone marrow. Bone marrow failure syndromes and malignancies are serious and lifethreatening causes, but certain non-malignant conditions such as infection, and nutritional anemia are equally important. The severity of pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determine the implementation of correct management and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted for a period of two years on 134 patients of pancytopenia. Detailed history, thorough clinical examination, complete hemogram, peripheral smear examination, reticulocyte count evaluation and bone marrow aspiration was performed in all cases. In addition, trephine biopsy was done in the same setting wherever indicated. Results: The age ranged from 15 to 75 years with a mean age of 30.9 years. The most common cause of pancytopenia was Megaloblastic anemia (37%) followed by Nutritional anemia (31%), aplastic anemia (9%) and Leukemia (1.75%). Majority (79%) of the patients had hyper cellular bone marrow followed by hypocellular (13%) and normal cellular marrow (8%). Conclusion: Elaborate hematological investigations and bone marrow examination, both, in correlation with clinical findings are vital for the diagnosis of pancytopenia. Bone marrow Aspiration and Trephine biopsy, complement each other in diagnosis of challenging cases.

The data on the prevalence of nutritional anemia among the urban elderly population in India was limited. Hence, the present study was carried out with an aim to assess the prevalence of nutritional anemia and its association with vitamin B12, folate, ferritin and homocystine among the urban elderly population. A community- based cross-sectional study was carried out among 282 urban elderly (≥ 60 years) subjects (186 males and 96 females) in Hyderabad. Fasting blood samples were collected and hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated by cyanmethemoglobin method. Plasma Folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were estimated by RIA and homocysteine and ferritin levels were estimated by ELISA methods. The overall prevalence of anemia (Hb

Background: Nutritional anemia or anemia due to dietary causes is the most common form, yet, it is the easiest to manage compared to other forms of anemia. Some of the most common nutritional deficiencies are iron, cobalamin, folate, and also other elements like copper. Anemia due to diet is mostly asymptomatic in the initial phase until the stores are depleted, which can take a few months to several years, depending upon the cause. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE fromJanuary 1987 toMarch 2017. The following search terms were used: nutritional anemia, dietary anemia, iron deficiency anemia, cobalamin deficiency, folic acid deficiency anemia, dietary anemia treatment Aim of the work: In this study we aimed at understanding the different types of anemia caused as a result of dietary deficiency. We also briefly studied their presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment. Conclusion: Various causes of anemia, presentations, and complications associated with the different types of nutritional anemia, which is considered the easiest to treat and manage. Most cases are due to an underlying occult disorder rather than simple dietary insufficiency. Diagnosis can be more difficult in some cases, and require thorough history and investigations and integration to reach to an accurate conclusion and consequently treat the underlying cause.

Background: Nutritional anemia particularly iron deficiency anemia comprise a major public health problem in India. Precise diagnosis is necessary for the correct treatment as the multiple coexisting morbid chronic inflammatory conditions seen in these cases gives erroneous biochemical results. Microscopic assessment of bone marrow iron is considered to be the the gold standard. However, the conventional Gale’s method cannot differentiate between the iron deficient cases and functional iron deficiency. This is made possible by the newer intensive method of iron assessment in the present study. Aim: To compare the assessment of iron status by Gale’s and Intensive method on bone marrow aspirate smears in cases of anemia. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 117 cases of all age groups and both sexes, having haemoglobin < 10mg/dl were included in the study. Bone marrow aspiration was done and iron assessment was done by both the Gale’s and Intensive method. Serum ferritin was also done in 23 out of 117 cases to serve as a control. However, it was not a part of the study. Results: Gale’s method revealed hypoferrimic state in 29.1% cases and normal iron stores in 70.9% cases. Iron deficient status was further reduced to 6.83% cases by the intensive method of iron assessment. Maximum number of cases had functional iron deficiency by the intensive method. DOI:10.21276/APALM.1545

Background: Anemia is reported by many studies as an important risk factor for poor locoregional disease control and survival in head and neck carcinoma. We aimed to study the frequency and prognostic effect of low hemoglobin (Hb) level in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) before radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Material and Methods: We retrospectively studied the charts of 86 patients diagnosed with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC in a university hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia was diagnosed in males at Hb levels 12 g/dl in 7/11 (63.6%) patients. Pre-RT/CRT Hb level in male patients was 13 g/dl in 44/75 (58.7%). Tumor sites were larynx in 77 (89.5%) and hypopharynx in 9 (10.5%) patients. Disease stage 3, 4 was common in 59/86 (68.6%) patients. Thirty-six (41.8%) patients had surgery. 13/86 (15.1%) patients received induction chemotherapy, while 31/86 (36.0%) had concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy was given in 65/86 (75.58%) patients. The mean RT dose was 66 Gy. Non-anemic patients had significant higher inci-dence of complete response (CR) to treatment (p = 0.034). 25.8% of male pa-tients with Hb 13 g/dl (p = 0.403). Female patients whether anemic or non-anemic had no recurrence (p = 0.036 and p = 0.403 respectively). The median duration of DFS and OS was 6.52 and 9.33 months respectively. Pretreatment Hb level had statistical significant effect on response to treatment and overall survival, but not disease free survival. Conclusion: Nutritional anemia is common in developing countries. Our results support the positive prognostic effect of Hb level > 12 g/dl and >13 g/dl before radiation therapy and/or chemoradiotherapy on response to treatment and overall survival but not the disease free survival.

Background: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology is a common and cheap technique which reveals the marrow cellularity, its structure, and stages of differentiation of different blood cells. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the etiology and the common presentation in patients undergoing BMA in pediatric age group with special focus on the adolescent females. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics and Pathology of a Medical College Hospital of Bihar, India. The study was done from May 1, 2018, to April 31, 2019, on 259 cases. BMA was carried out and relevant clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory data were retrieved. Results: Out of 259 cases, 1 case was excluded from the final analysis due to inadequate marrow. Male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. The most common indication was unexplained anemia (46.5%) and pancytopenia (26.7%). The most common etiological diagnosis was nutritional anemia (27.5%) followed by hypoplastic anemia (22%). Among adolescents (>11–18 years), male:female ratio decreased to 1:1 where nutritional anemia was the most common cause followed by hypoplastic anemia. Conclusion: The common hematological disorders prevailing in our community in pediatric age group are nutritional anemia, hypoplastic anemia, and acute leukemia.

Background: In India, the population in the age of 10-19 years is currently estimated at 253.2 million, the largest ever cohort of young people to make a transition to adulthood. Nutritional anemia is one of most common micronutrient deficiencies in the world. It is most common in pregnant and lactating women, infants, preschool children and adolescent females. Iron deficiency anemia is a problem of serious public health significance. Present study was undertaken to assess the baseline data of prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adolescent females belonging to rural community in Dakshina Kannada.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among the adolescent female population in rural field practice area of Dakshina Kannada district from July 2012 to June 2013. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding socio demographic profile, health status and nutrition. Haemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software trial version 16.Results: The study comprised of 436 study participants, out of which majority (25.5%) were aged 14 years. The mean age was 14.02±2.57 years. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 72%. Moderate anemia, mild anemia and severe anemia was 68.5%, 28.3% and 3.2% respectively. Pallor was present among 69.72% of adolescent girls.Conclusions: This study showed high prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and the major associated factors age, diet, menarche attained and presence of pallor. Hence, there is a need to address the anemia problem of the adolescent population.

Context Prevalence of nutritional anemia among Saudi female and children is evident and has been reflected in different studies, most of researchers conclude that there is a gap in dietary counseling in addition to the poor awareness of community about appropriate dietary habits; this study is trying to assess counseling behavior and training competency of family physician at primary health centers with respect to nutritional anemia. Objective Study objective is to assess general beliefs, practice, and level of training in counseling by family physician. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study design; data collected using self-administered questionnaire provided to the doctor at clinic site. Results The most commonly learned counseling technique in order as follows motivational interviewing (68%), cognitive behavioral therapy (58%), and 15-Minute Hour approach (53%). Conclusion This study confirms the presence of positive counseling beliefs and practices by family physicians; however, the result is also reflects the current reluctant state of family physicians in devoting ample time for nutritional anemia counseling.

The consumption iron tablets for adolescent girls is one indicator of improving community nutrition. Research data in various regions in Indonesia shows the prevalence of anemia in adolescents girls ranges from 32.4% to 61%. The main causes of nutritional anemia in adolescents girls are due to lack of nutrient intake through food, iron loss in adolescents girls with more menstrual patterns and longer periods. Another reason is adolescents girls often maintain their appearance, the desire to stay slim or thin so that they go on a diet and eat less. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of iron tablet consumption on the incidence of anemia in adolescents girls. The research design was analytical observation with a cross sectional study approach for 12 weeks.. The number of sample in this study are 104 respondents (total sampling). The results showed that most of the adolescents ages 12-18 years (86.4%), 83 (79.8%) of the adolescents girls were anemia before consumption iron tablets. After consumption iron tablets for 12 weeks and mentoring as many as 69 people (66.3%) were obedient in consuming iron tablets and most of the adolescents girls (81.2%) weren’t anemia after consuming iron tablets for 12 weeks.

Teenager girls are at risk of suffering from iron nutritional anemia. Anemic teenage girls also have less vitamin C intake. Anemia has an impact on learning achievement, ease of infection and impact when pregnant in the future. The study aimed to find out the effect of giving Fe and vitamin C tablets. The research design was a one-group pre-post test, using 41 Health Analyst female students from Tanjungkarang Health Polytechnic, which were determined by random sampling. Blood added tablets containing 60mg Fe, 400mcg folate, and 500mg vitamin C tablets were given once/week for 17 days (3 tablets). Hb levels were measured before and after supplementation using a digital analyzer MINDRAY BC-3600. Data collection was conducted from August-September 2020. The proportion of Hb

More than 1.5 billion people or 24% of the world's population experience worm infections that are transmitted through the soil. Worm infections that occur can damage the nutritional status in the form of anemia in all children, especially school age. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional anemia and the incidence of helminthiasis. This research method is an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design. The population in the study was conducted on elementary school children in the working area of the Air Biliti Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency in 2021. The sample in this study was 98 with simple random sampling at five schools in the working area of the Air Biliti Health Center. The study was conducted in March 2021. The results of this study showed that most of the proportions of negative helminth infections were 60 (61.2%), not anemic 71 (72.4%), Class VI 39 (39.8%), 11 years old 32 (32,7 % ), female 50 (51.0%), high parental education 53 (54.1%), farmer occupation 61 (62.2%), income 50 (51.0%). The results of the analysis of the significant relationship between nutritional anemia (p value 0.000, OR = 6.500) and infection rates in elementary school-aged children in the work area of Air Biliti Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and personal hygiene, coupled with the habit of taking a worm medicine and attention from parents to reduce helminth infections that cause children to experience nutritional anemia.

BackgroundIron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years.ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and associated risk factors, focusing on iron-rich food consumption among children aged 2 to 5 years in southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2017, involving 331 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years old. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the children and the households. Venous blood was collected from each child in a test tube to measure hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue®301 and adjusted for altitude. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels ResultsThe prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 25%, and the total anemia prevalence was 32%. Only 15% of children consumed iron-rich foods in the preceding 24 h, and 30% of children consumed iron-rich foods at least once in the preceding week. IDA decreased as the height for age z-score increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.7; 95% CI [0.5–0.9]). Mothers with increased educational level (AOR 1.1; 1.0–1.2) and households with increased dietary diversity (AOR 1.4; 1.2–1.6) consumed more iron-rich foods.ConclusionsIron deficiency anaemia was a moderate public health problem in southern Ethiopia, and the iron-rich food consumption was low. Interventions should focus on food supplementation and fortification, food diversification and nutritional education, and promoting women’s education.

Introduction: Anemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries like India, despite the fact that this problem is largely preventable & easily treatable. Aim: The aim is to study the clinical and hematological profile of anemia in children aged 5 years to 12 years. Material and Methods: It is a prospective hospital based study conducted in children presented with anemia in the department of Pediatrics at Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Patancheru, Telangana. 110 pediatric cases of anemia were included in the study. Results: Majority of children were among followed by 5- 6 years. Among different types of anemia studied, iron deficiency was reported predominantly 80/110 (72.7%) followed by megaloblastic anemia 20/110 (18.1%). There was female preponderance. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is seen in 81.8% (90/110). Dimorphic anemia was observed in 9.09 % of children. Conclusion Nutritional deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia among children aged 5 years to 12 years. Iron deficiency was found to be most common nutritional deficiency in children followed by megaloblastic anemia.

Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Nutritional anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide and mainly includes iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin C deficiencies. Iron deficiency contributes to half of the burden of anemia globally. The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence and severity of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive study was conducted on 600 pregnant women, during the period October 2015 to November 2016 at four primary health care centers in Erbil city. Data gathered through interview with study sample and filling questionnaire format and reviewing their antenatal records. Blood hemoglobin level was measured to assess the severity of anemia. Chi-square test and regression were used to analyze the data. Prevalence of anemia was 46.2%, and 67.1% of the anemic women had mild anemia. There was a significant association of severity of anemia with wife education and occupation, smoking, the number of abortions and cesarean section, ante partum hemorrhage, taking tablets of iron and folic acid per month. The study concluded that prevalence of anemia considered high in Erbil city, the highest percentage had mild anemia.

Background: : Anemia is a worldwide problem with highest incidence in developing countries. India has the highest prevalence of nutritional anemia predominantly in women and children. Methods: An observational and analytical study was carried out for period of 12 months. We studied 261 adult patient for typing the anemia. We perform the hematology parameter by automated hematologyanalyzer, For confirmation PBS and bone marrow examination, serological test like serum iron profile , vit B12 and folic acid levels in blood is done Result: Total 261 cases of anemia included in the study. Microcytic hypochromic anemia were63.2 %of cases, macrocytic anemia cases were 36.77% of cases. Large number of iron deficiency anemia’s were seen in female with reproductive age group and megaloblastic anemia seen with age 50-60 years of age in both sex. Conclusion: For the diagnosis of nutritional anemia haemogram by automated hematology parameter, PBS, serum iron profile , serum vit B12 and folic acid is required. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.1555