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The aim of this study was to investigate the economic impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown in Thailand on low-income older people concerning their employment, household income and food security. The study also aimed to identify which socioeconomic characteristics of low-income older Thais are at higher risk of being negatively affected and whether they can access state economic relief during the pandemic response in Thailand.Economic, health and social well-being questionnaires were completed by low-income older Thais (n = 808) holding a State Welfare Card during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized in the data analysis. All analyses were performed using Stata 15.This study found that 62% of participants experienced a negative impact on their household income, 35% had a negative impact on employment and 20% had a negative impact on food security. However, the impact level depended upon their vulnerability before the pandemic. The study also reveals that older Thais who experienced a negative impact on household income could access monetary relief schemes from the government during the pandemic.This study reveals the layers of economic vulnerability among the population of low-income older Thais negatively affected by the 2020 lockdown. Despite the accessible state monetary relief, differential skills with the use of digital technology could create inequitable access to aid measures among older Thais. The findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies to track changes in the economic impacts arising from subsequent waves of COVID-19 on low-income older people.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesJournal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesProspective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included.ResultsFourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5–35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose–response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running.ConclusionIncreased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.

Additional file 1. Meeting the MVPA recommendation for additional health benefits. The prevalence and association table of MVPA for additional health benefits.

Supplementary Correlate Tables. The additional tables of correlates for individual type of physical activity. (PDF 120 kb)

Results of the study quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. The quality assessment score for included studies assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). (PDF 349 kb)

Additional file 2. 2005 ICATUS Assignment Table. Metabolic equivalent (MET) values, summary codes and movement categories assigned to 2005 International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) activities.

Additional file 3. 2016 ICATUS Assignment Table. Metabolic equivalent (MET) values, summary codes and movement categories assigned to 2016 Inte.rnational Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) activities.

Search keywords. Detailed search keywords including the full search syntaxes used for each database. (PDF 183 kb)