Search

Competition between printing companies is getting tougher, so CV Tungayua must be able to create opportunities to survive in the midst of intense competition. One way that CV Tungayua can do to survive is to create a business strategy that is developed after knowing the current business model and evaluating the business model being carried out. This study aims to identify the CV Tungayua business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC), evaluate the implemented business model, and devise a strategy for improvement for the development of the evaluation of the CV Tungayua business model that has been carried out. The method used is qualitative with analytical tools used by BMC and Tolo Branca's assistance as an evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results of the study show the identification of nine business model elements which indicate that the main strength comes from the value proposition block with the programs offered being able to meet and adapt customer needs. Meanwhile, the main weakness comes from revenue streams that have small margins. The main opportunities come from channels and the main threats come from main activities. The strategy that can be carried out is to optimize the key activity elements and revenue streams combined with the opportunities and strengths of the channel and value proposition to produce a strategy that provides development for CV Tungayua in South Jakarta City.

Critical Time Intervention (CTI) is designed to reduce the risk of homelessness and other adverse outcomes by providing support to individuals during challenging life course transitions. While several narrative reviews suggest the benefit of CTI, the evidence on the model’s effectiveness has not been systematically reviewed. This article systematically reviews studies of CTI applied to a variety of populations and transition types. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, we reviewed 13 eligible experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Findings were summarized by individual outcome domains, including housing, service engagement use, hospitalization or emergency services, mental health, substance use, family and social support, and quality of life. CTI had a consistent positive impact on two primary outcomes—reduced homelessness and increased service engagement use—among different populations and contexts. Despite the effectiveness of CTI, the specific mechanisms of the model’s positive impacts remain unclear. Implications for practice, policy and research are addressed.

France relies exclusively on lay assessors to solve conflicts between entrepreneurs and employees for the longest time compared to any other civil jurisdiction. Given the lack of legal training of labor judges, the paper tests whether an intensification in the offer for legal services, whether coming from professional judges or specialized labor lawyers, induces delays in the procedure. Using a two-stage least squared estimating method and an innovative dataset on French labor courts between 2013 and 2017, the manuscript estimates the effect of an increase in the intervention of legal experts in labor litigation. The analysis showed that referrals to a professional judge delay labor cases’ solutions but refuted the long-standing economic theory that lawyers induce delay to acquire higher fees. This study indicates that the current structure of employment courts, entirely left in the hand of laymen with little knowledge of the ever-changing labor legislation, should be reconsidered to foster collaborative solutions accounting for industrial experience and, at the same time, legal competency.

Background: In Italy, since the first symptomatic cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in late February 2020, 205.463 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported as of April 30, causing an high rate of hospital admission through the Emergency Department (ED).Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of ROX index in predicting hospitalization and mortality in patients with suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 in the ED. Secondary outcomes were to assess the number of readmissions and the variations of ROX index between first and second admission.Methods: This is an observational prospective monocentric study, conducted in the ED of Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi in Bologna. We enrolled 1371 consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 and ROX index was calculated in 554 patients. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. Results: ROX index value < 25.7 was associated with hospitalization (AUC=0.737, 95%CI 0.696–0.779, pConclusion: ROX index, together with laboratory, imaging and clinical findings, can help discriminate patients suspected for COVID-19 requiring hospital admission, their clinical severity and their mortality risk. Furthermore, it can be useful to better manage these patients in territorial healthcare services, especially in the hypothesis of another pandemic.

This research is motivated by the current dual role of women, both as housewives and career women who seek income and are tested for their resilience and competitiveness in the face of the current global COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the pre-research data we obtained, women make a significant contribution to the economy of the City of Tasikmalaya, where more than 50% of MSME actors in the City of Tasikmalaya are female. This research itself aims to provide a general description of the opportunities faced by womenpreneurs in the City of Tasikmalaya, as well as to study further about what challenges are faced by womenpreneurs in the City of Tasikmalaya. The object of the research is womenpreneurs SMEs located in the city of Tasikmalaya. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, where the analytical tool used for the data obtained is the SWOT analysis. The technique of collecting data is by using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study are based on the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices, the position of Womenpreneur in Tasikmalaya City [IFE 3.101, EFE 3.037] is in Quadrant I.

Technological advances over last decades gave an innovative impulse to the development of new streamflow measurements techniques, especially regarding remote flow monitoring methods that allow for non-intrusive measurements. The most widely used image-based techniques are the optical ones, such as Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LS-PIV) and Large-Scale Particle Tracking Velocimetry (LS-PTV). The dynamic movement of tracers floating on the water surface of a river is recorded, and the resulting videos are processed by applying a statistical cross-correlation analysis to detect the most probable frame-by-frame displacement, finally deriving the surface velocity field. To obtain river discharge, it is necessary to couple the geometry of a river cross-section with the assessed surface velocity field, adopting simplified assumptions on the vertical velocity profiles. The accuracy of these techniques depends on several factors, such as the processing models set-up, the tracer density and distribution, the video-length, and many other aspects related to environmental and hydraulic conditions. The aim of this work is the identification of an automatic methodology aimed to select an optimal video sub-sequence over the entire recorded video in order to optimize the performance of software based on LS-PIV technique. For this purpose, the results of multiple field campaigns on two Sicilian rivers (Italy), i.e., Oreto and Platani rivers, are exploited. Results are shown in terms of error in the estimation of the surface velocity profile along a specific transect, comparing velocity values assessed by the LS-PIV technique and by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP).

Existing guidance on evaluating the quality of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) research has provided criteria to assess work as good, acceptable or unacceptable. Given that IPA has become a well-established member of the qualitative methods repertoire, we think it is valuable now to focus in much more detail on the particular qualities that are the hallmark of high quality IPA research. Here we present four such qualities which are discussed in detail and illustrated through the use of exemplars from excellent IPA work. The qualities are: constructing a compelling, unfolding narrative; developing a vigorous experiential and/or existential account; close analytic reading of participants' words; attending to convergence and divergence. Finally, the four qualities are briefly considered in relation to the theoretical underpinnings of IPA.

Salesperson performance is accepted as a relevant factor of retailing success. However, scarce studies reveal the relationship between sales performance and brand relationship. The purpose of this study is both, from one side, to empirically demonstrate the impact of salesperson brand attachment (SBA) on sales performance and, on the other side, to identify the mediators of this relationship in small retailing.,A survey was conducted with a sample of 206 small retailers from different sectors of an emerging country. The proposed model was tested using partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS3.,The results demonstrated that SBA is relevant to driving sales performance through two relevant paths – one following SBA–satisfaction–performance and one path following the SBA–commitment–performance. The model was able to explain 63% of the outcome performance.,Regarding small retailers, where the owners, employees and managers have higher levels of interaction than the large national retail chains, the marketing executives must invest in improving the attachment to the brand and create emotional bonds and cognition between marketers and the brand. They must develop strategies to promote job satisfaction and organizational commitment because they determine performance.,Despite the relevance of small businesses for economies worldwide and the importance of salesperson brand relationships, no study has been developed to demonstrate the impacts of such relationships on salesperson performance in retailing. Furthermore, in addition to the central role of organizational commitment in the sales research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore how to mediate the relationship between brand attachment and sales performance.,El rendimiento del vendedor se acepta como un factor relevante para el exito del comercio minorista. Sin embargo, los estudios que revelan la relacion entre el resultado de las ventas y la relacion con la marca son escasos. El proposito de este estudio es, por un lado, demostrar empiricamente el impacto del apego a la marca del vendedor (SBA) en el resultado de las ventas y, por otro lado, identificar los mediadores de esta relacion en el comercio minorista.,Se realizo una encuesta con una muestra de 206 vendedores de pequenos minoristas provenientes de diferentes sectores de un pais emergente. El modelo estructural se analizo mediante ecuaciones estructurales basada en minimos cuadrados (PLS-SEM) utilizando SmartPLS3.,Los resultados mostraron que el SBA es esencial para impulsar el resultado de las ventas a traves de dos caminos relevantes: uno siguiendo el SBA-satisfaccion-rendimiento y la otra direccion siguiendo el SBA-compromiso-rendimiento. El modelo fue capaz de explicar el 63% del rendimiento.,Con respecto a los pequenos minoristas, donde los propietarios, empleados y gerentes tienen niveles mas altos de interaccion que las grandes cadenas minoristas nacionales, los ejecutivos de marketing deben invertir en mejorar el apego a la marca y crear vinculos emocionales y cognitivos entre los vendedores y la marca. Deben desarrollar estrategias para promover la satisfaccion laboral y el compromiso organizacional ya que determinan el rendimiento.,A pesar de la relevancia de las pequenas empresas para las economias de todo el mundo y la importancia de las relaciones de marca en los vendedores, no se ha desarrollado ningun estudio para demostrar los impactos de tales relaciones en el rendimiento de los vendedores en el comercio minorista. Ademas, aparte del papel central del compromiso organizacional en la investigacion en ventas, este es el primer estudio que explora como media la relacion entre el apego a la marca y el resultado de las ventas.

En el presente trabajo se plantean algunos aportes para evaluar cómo incentivar una transformación sustentable de las prácticas productivas y culturales vigentes en el marco de la responsabilidad asumida por el Estado argentino frente a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030 de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Partiendo del hecho de que cada Estado adherente debe comprometerse en el corto plazo con la existencia de renovadas prácticas destinadas a la protección ambiental tanto en la sociedad civil como en el sector industrial, la dinamización de los esfuerzos en favor del logro de ello deviene en la actualidad no sólo necesaria sino también oportuna. En este sentido, aquí se expone el escenario resultante de la actual pandemia ocasionada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 como una oportunidad de carácter único para comenzar a construir una nueva realidad focalizada en la sustentabilidad, destacándose la utilidad que para ello tiene la planificación de políticas públicas compatibles con tendencias productivas de vanguardia como la Economía Circular y la Industria 4.0.

Chronic pain is a common, profoundly disabling and complex condition whose effects on identity may explain the distress experienced by those affected by it. This paper concerns a study exploring how the relationship with pain and sense of self evolved following participation in a pain management program (PMP). Participants were interviewed at three timepoints: before attending a PMP, 1 month after the PMP and 6 months after the PMP. To facilitate a deep experiential description of pain and its effects, interviews were guided by participant-generated drawings of pain and Self. Interviews and drawings were analyzed longitudinally using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The evolving experience of participants was outlined through different trajectory types. Here we describe the upward and positive trajectory of three female participants who were able to regain control over their lives. From a state of psychological stress where pain was represented as an aggressive and oppressive presence, participants' drawings, their narratives and indeed their lives, changed for the best. Pain stopped being the main feature, they were able to integrate it into their lives, make important changes and find a new balance. The results demonstrate the idiosyncratic nature of chronic pain and offer a nuanced account of its links to the lifeworld of those living with it.

There is currently no FDA-approved disease-modifying therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is an established primary endpoint of disease-modifying therapies in DPN and clinical trials have been powered with an assumed decline of 0.5 m/s/year. This paper sought to establish the time-dependent change in NCV associated with a placebo, compared to that observed in the active intervention group. A literature search identified twenty-one double-blind, randomised controlled trials in DPN of ≥1 year duration conducted between 1971 and 2021. We evaluated changes in neurophysiology, with a focus on peroneal motor and sural sensory NCV and amplitude in the placebo and treatment groups. There was significant variability in the change and direction of change (reduction/increase) in NCV in the placebo arm, as well as variability influenced by the anatomical site of neurophysiological measurement within a given clinical trial. A critical re-evaluation of efficacy trials should consider placebo-adjusted effects and present the placebo-subtracted change in NCV rather than assume a universal annual decline of 0.5 m/s/year. Importantly, endpoints such as corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) have demonstrated early nerve repair, whilst symptoms and NCV have not changed, and should thus be considered as a viable alternative.

As metrópoles brasileiras exigem cada vez mais instrumentos jurídicos e urbanísticos capazes de favorecer um desenvolvimento urbano mais justo e não apenas para seletos grupos sociais. Inúmeros instrumentos vêm sendo implantados, sendo de grande importância para as políticas de planejamento urbano e afim de proporcionar ações públicas mais eficazes. Dentre os instrumentos jurídicos disponíveis e presentes no Direito Urbanístico, destaca-se o Solo Criado, que permite ao proprietário de um imóvel construir acima dos coeficientes construtivos permitidos para determinado terreno, desde que existam contrapartidas, que devem, segundo o Estatuto da Cidade, ser utilizadas para atingir os objetivos de uma cidade para todos. O artigo propõe avaliar a trajetória de implementação do Solo Criado em Belo Horizonte, da década de 1990 até os dias atuais. Nesse sentido, pretende-se identificar se os fins pretendidos pelo poder público estão sendo efetivamente alcançados e se estão sendo aplicados de forma correta, sem possíveis desvios. Ao final, conclui-se que, dentre outras, as dificuldades de efetivação do instrumento do Solo Criado em Belo Horizonte, devem-se à ineficiência do poder público e às pressões adversas do mercado imobiliário, que o considera como mais um instrumento tributário e de oneração dos empreendimentos privados.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the partial substitution of maize grain with local ancient wheats by-products in an organic laying hens farm on animal performance and blood profile, as well as on eggs quality. A total of 80 Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn, 18 weeks old hens were homogenously divided into two groups. The two groups (40 laying hens each, 8 replicates, 5 hens/replicate) were fed two isoprotein and isoenergetic diets: the Control group (C) was fed a standard, organic maize-soybean meal diet whereas in the Ancient Grains group (AG) part of the maize grain was replaced by a mix of ancient grains middling, consisting in 50:50 of Triticum aestivum var. spelta (spelt) and Triticum durum dicoccum L. (emmer wheat). The birds fed the maize based-diet (C) showed a higher (P < 0.01) egg weight and feed intake than the Ancient Grains (AG) group. By contrary, the feed conversion ratio was more favourable (P < 0.05) in hens fed the Ancient Grains diet. The eggs produced by the hens fed the Control diet showed higher length and width than the other group (P < 0.01). The shell thickness and strength were also higher in the Control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The experimental dietary treatment positively affected some blood parameters. The Control group showed higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.05) as well as of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P < 0.01). In addition, butyrate, which may have great implications for the regulation of the immune response, resulted significantly higher in the caecal content of hens from the Ancient Grains group. Overall, the Ancient Grains diet seemed to be able to guarantee the production performances with positive effects on the animal health.

Soya bean is the main protein source in poultry feed but rising prices make an alternative protein source necessary. Insects, such as the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), may be an attractive solution for hens, although little information is available on their effect on egg quality. The present study aims to fill this gap by testing the effect of 100% replacement of soya bean with H. illucens larva meal in the diet of Lohmann Brown Classic laying hens for 21 weeks. At the end of the trial, the eggs were characterized for parameters such as weight, colour, proximate composition of albumen and yolk, and content of carotenoids, tocopherols and cholesterol. The fatty acid profile of yolks was also determined. Hens fed the insect-based diet produced eggs (HIM group) with a higher proportion of yolk than the group fed the soya bean-based diet (SBM group). HIM was associated with redder yolks (red index 5.63 v. 1.36) than SBM. HIM yolks were richer in γ-tocopherol (4.0 against 2.4 mg/kg), lutein (8.6 against 4.9 mg/kg), β-carotene (0.33 against 0.19 mg/kg) and total carotenoids (15 against 10.5 mg/kg) than SBM yolks. The fatty acid composition of HIM yolks was almost identical to that of SBM yolks. Finally, HIM yolks contained 11% less cholesterol than SBM yolks. These results suggest that H. illucens larva meal is a suitable total substitute for soya bean meal in the diet of Lohmann Brown Classic laying hens. A sustainable alternative to the plant protein source therefore seems feasible.

This paper presents a review of studies that have employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) longitudinally to capture temporal aspects of phenomena by analysing data gathered over multiple time points. Sixty-six eligible articles from peer-reviewed journals were obtained by searching the Web of science, Medline and Psychinfo databases up to March 2018. A description of the corpus is provided, followed by an in-depth review of the methodological choices made by authors. The paper describes the range of approaches used to capture and convey experience over time, including data gathering decisions and types of thematic structure used to present findings. Finally, a selection of common features of good quality studies is illustrated using examples taken from articles in the corpus and their potential merits are highlighted.

ObjectiveTo identify clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with 7- & 30-day mortality and intensive care admission amongst diabetes patients admitted with COVID-19.Research Design and MethodsWe conducted a cohort study collecting data from medical notes of hospitalised people with diabetes and COVID-19 in 7 hospitals within the Mersey-Cheshire region from 1 January to 30 June 2020. We also explored the impact on inpatient diabetes team resources. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and optimised by splitting the dataset into a training, test, and validation sets, developing a robust predictive model for the primary outcome.ResultsWe analyzed data from 1004 diabetes patients (mean age 74.1 (± 12.6) years, predominantly men 60.7%). 45% belonged to the most deprived population quintile in the UK. Median BMI was 27.6 (IQR 23.9-32.4) kg/m2. The primary outcome (7-day mortality) occurred in 24%, increasing to 33% by day 30. Approximately one in ten patients required insulin infusion (9.8%). In univariate analyses, patients with type 2 diabetes had a higher risk of 7-day mortality [p < 0.05, OR 2.52 (1.06, 5.98)]. Patients requiring insulin infusion had a lower risk of death [p = 0.02, OR 0.5 (0.28, 0.9)]. CKD in younger patients (ConclusionsHigher CRP and advanced age were associated with and predictive of death by day 7. However, BMI, presence of diabetes complications, and glycaemic control were not. A high proportion of these patients required insulin infusion warranting increased input from the inpatient diabetes teams.

A porous scaffold/implant is considered a potential method to repair bone defects, but its mechanical stability and biomechanics during the repair process are not yet clear. A mandibular titanium implant was proposed and designed with layered porous structures similar to that of the bone tissue, both in structure and mechanical properties. Topology was used to optimize the design of the porous implant and fixed structure. The finite element analysis was combined with bone "Mechanostat" theory to evaluate the stress and osteogenic property of the layered porous implant with 3 different fixation layouts (Model I with 4 screws, Model II with 5 screws and Model III with 6 screws) for mandibular reconstruction. The results showed that Model III could effectively reduce the stress shielding effect, stress within the optimized implant, defective mandible, and screws were respectively dropped 48.18%, 44.23%, and 57.27% compared to Model I, and the porous implant had a significant stress transmission effect and maintained the same stress distribution as the intact mandible after the mandibular defect was repaired. The porous implant also showed a significant mechanical stimulation effect on the growth and healing of the bone tissue according to the bone "Mechanostat" theory. The combination of porous structure with the topology technique is a promising option to improve the mechanical stability and osteogenesis of the implant, and could provide a new solution for mandibular reconstruction.

1. The aim of this study was to assess regression equations able to predict the digestible energy (DE) and gross energy digestibility (GEd) of feed ingredients and diets for ostriches. 2. Results of chemical-nutritional characteristics from 17 ingredients (two varieties of maize, two barleys, oat, triticale, wheat bran, soybean meal, sunflower meal, beet pulp, maize silage, alfalfa hay, 4 alfalfa meals and lupin) and 12 experimental diets were used in a stepwise procedure. 3. Acid detergent lignin (ADL) was the first independent variable included in the model to predict the DE of all the samples (R(2) = 0.65 and Residual Standard Deviation (RSD) 1.02). When the concentration of ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude fibre were included in the model, the R(2) value of the regression equation increased (from 0.65 to 0.85) and RSD decreased (from 1.02 to 0.48). 4. The ADL concentration was also the first independent variable chosen by the stepwise regression analysis for the estimation of GEd from chemical-nutritional characteristics of feeds, explaining 57% of the total GEd variation. The concentrations of crude protein and ADF included at the second and third steps in the model increased the R(2) (up to 0.70 and 0.73, respectively) and decreased the RSD values (from 0.29 to 0.21 and 0.20, respectively). When other variables as crude fibre, ash and gross energy were included in the model, the coefficient of determination and the RSD strongly improved (0.85 and 0.12, respectively).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal in practical diets for gilthead sea bream on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes. Two separate trials were carried out: in the first a total of 153 gilthead sea bream (105.2 ± 0.17 g average initial body weight) were randomly allocated in 9 fiberglass 220 l tanks (17 fish per tank) in an indoor water recirculating system. The fish were fed three isoenergetic and isoproteic diets formulated to contain increasing levels of TM meal inclusion and precisely: a control diet (TM0), in which fish meal was the main protein source; TM25 and TM50 diets, in which 25% and 50% of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal was added to the diet, respectively. These inclusion rates corresponded to 30% and 60% of inclusion on protein bases and 35% and 71% of fish meal substitution on protein bases for TM25 and TM50 diets, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to 3 tanks and the trial lasted 163 days. In the second trial, the apparent digestibility coefficients of the 3 diets were measured on 72 fish randomly distributed to 3 digestibility tank-units (24 fish per unit, average body weight: 86.97 ± 2.3 g) using an indirect method (acid insoluble ash). The group fed TM25 showed a higher (P

Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat literasi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan digitalisasi marketing UMKM. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah 11 peserta pelatihan UMKM Kota Tasikmalaya. Pengabdian ini menggunakan Metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat literasi digital marketing menggunakan menggunakan Paired t-test sebagai alat ujinya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tingkat literasi digital marketing UMKM di Kota Tasikmalaya cukup rendah karena kurang optimalnya penggunaan internet dalam operasional usahanya. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat literasi digital marketing sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pelatihan, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) hasil uji paired t-test sebesar 0, 013, yang berarti bahwa hasil pemahaman literasi digital marketing peserta sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan tidak sama (berbeda).

The aim of this research was to study the effect of insect meal from larvae ( larvae meal [TML]) as complete replacement of soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass and meat traits of broilers. A total of eighty 30-d-old male Shaver brown broilers were homogenously divided into 2 groups (each consisting of 8 replicates of 5 birds). Up to 62 d of age, the groups were fed 2 isoproteic and isoenergetic diets differing for the ingredient used as the main protein source: the control group was fed a corn-SBM-based diet, whereas in the TML group, the SBM was completely replaced by TML. Broiler growth performance was measured during the trial. At 62 d of age, 2 broilers per replicate (16 per group) were slaughtered and apparent ileal digestibility coefficients and carcass and meat traits were determined. The use of TML as the main protein source in the broiler diet had no significant effect on most growth performance and carcass traits and chemical and physical properties of meat, the latter being important for marketing purposes. The feed conversion ratio in the entire experimental period (from 30 to 62 d) was improved in the TML group compared with the SBM group ( < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, and CP in broilers fed the SBM diet were greater ( < 0.01) than the other group. The full digestive system in broilers fed SBM had a lower ( < 0.05) absolute and relative weight than that of broilers fed TML. Also, the weight and the percentage of the spleen in the SBM group were lower ( < 0.05) than those in the TML group. The length of the entire intestine in the group fed TML was greater ( < 0.05) than the other group and the same happened when intestinal length was expressed as percentage of broiler BW ( < 0.05). Among the different intestinal tracts, the ileum and ceca of broilers fed TML had a greater ( < 0.05) length than that of broilers fed SBM. Also, ceca weight (as an absolute value or percentage on live weight) in broilers fed TML was greater ( < 0.05) than that of broilers fed SBM. Breast pH and cooking losses in broilers fed TML were greater ( < 0.05) than those of broilers fed SBM. Chemical characteristic of meat obtained from right breast of slaughtered broilers were unaffected by dietary treatments. larvae meal can be a suitable alternative protein source for growing broilers and also when used as principal protein contributor to the diet.

Growth performances and meat quality of free-range or cage raised rabbits were compared in 36 male animals. Rabbits were raised in free-range areas (2000 cm2/head) or in open-air cages (800 cm2/head) from weaning to 99 days old. Daily weight gain and final live weight were higher (P

Tight competition of dairy product’s market share makes XYZ had to distinguish their products from the competitors. A way to differentiate XYZ products from competitors was to create a business strategy. This study aimed to (1) identify the XYZ business model, (2) to evaluate the present XYZ business model, and (3) to formulate a business strategy from the evaluation of the present business model. This research was conducted using descriptive methods and tools, Business Model Canvas, and SWOT analysis. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The results of this study showed the identification of 9 elements of business models. The evaluation results indicated that the major strengths came from customer relationships element caused by a close relationship from companies to customers using dedicated personal assistance. The main weakness was the cost structure element because the production had not run efficiently. The biggest opportunity came from the customer segment element because the emergence of new customer segmentation had not been well managed. The biggest threat came from the key resources element due to limitations in getting raw materials. The formulated strategy was to optimize key resources element by creating a company-owned farm near the factory to guarantee the quantity, quality, and sustainability of raw materials. Keywords: dairy industry, business sustainability, business evaluation, business model canvas, corporate strategy Abstrak: Ketatnya persaingan pangsa pasar produk olahan susu membuat XYZ harus mampu membedakan dirinya sendiri dengan pesaing-pesaingnya. Salah satu cara untuk yang bisa dilakukan untuk bisa membedakan produk XYZ dengan pesaing adalah dengan membuat sebuah strategi bisnis yang dikembangkan setelah mengetahui model bisnis yang dijalankan dan melakukan evaluasi terhadap model bisnis yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengidentifikasi model bisnis XYZ dengan pendekatan business model canvas (BMC), (2) mengevaluasi model bisnis XYZ yang telah dilakukan, dan (3) menyusun strategi perbaikan dari hasil evaluasi model bisnis XYZ. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan alat analisis BMC, dan SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Weakness). Pemilihan responden dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan identifikasi terhadap 9 elemen model bisni. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya kekuatan utama dari elemen hubungan pelanggan yang berasal dari program pendampingan dari perusahaan kepada pelanggan secara langsung. Sementara itu kelemahan utama terdapat pada struktur biaya karena kegiatan produksi yang belum berjalan secara efisien. Peluang terbesar berada pada segmen pelanggan karena munculnya segmentasi pelanggan baru yang belum dikelola lebih dalam dan ancaman terbesar berada pada sumberdaya kunci karena keterbatasan dalam mendapatkan bahan baku. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengoptimalkan elemen sumberdaya kunci dengan membuat peternakan milik perusahaan yang berada berdekatan dengan lokasi pabrik sehingga kuantitas, kualitas dan keberlanjutan bahan baku dapat terjamin. Kata kunci: industri pengolahan susu, keberlanjutan bisnis, evaluasi bisnis, model bisnis kanvas, strategi perusahaan

Is it true that French labor judges are contributing to the massive delay in labor grievances because of their politicized background? Is it true that lawyers are self-interested actors that stretch the duration of lawsuits solely to receive higher attorney’s fees? The answers are mixed. This manuscript intends to address the almost neglected crucial issue of delay in labor courts, fitting in the stream of law and economic literature, with particular reference to the analysis of decision-making processes. Most of the studies on the role of judges and attorneys on delay are concentrated in different areas of civil and criminal law in the United States. Very few quantitative studies have addressed this critical issue on French employment tribunals, which are a unique and ancient labor institution in the European panorama. Among the anomalies, these courts are composed of non-professional judges, with short legal training and elected directly among trade unions members and employer associations’ representatives. The role of the litigation market of attorneys on delay is almost neglected, while earlier work has concluded that judges that belong to the most confrontational syndicates play an essential role in litigation stonewalling and judicial delay, once elected in the labor judiciary. This contribution, with the assistance of two-stage least squared estimation techniques, intends to assess the role of these alleged confrontational judges on the litigation process, as well as the role of attorneys on delay, notwithstanding that they are the most qualified and technical actors in the litigation process.

According to the Italian Radical Thought the study of work structure gives the basis for the concept of revolution. In this paper, the aim is to highlight one of the contradiction of the 21th century society: it’s true that one of the requirements of communist society – conceived as the result of the revolution – consists in the suppression of the separation between manual and intellectual work; but, at the same time, it’s also true that the unification of hand and mind qualifies more and more the work of contemporary capitalism. Taking note of this contradiction allows us to clear the characteristics of social production relationships and to provide certain elements about a theory of social transformation.

Are more cases settled when judges are elected among the most belligerent trade unions? In the specific case of French employment courts, the answer is broadly negative. This article provides evidence of the minor role that judges have on alternative dispute resolution in and out of court. Previous literature has suggested a potential bias in the functioning of these labor courts. Judges are appointed, with a national election, among trade unions’ members. Some syndicates use aggressive tactics in the pursuit of syndical policy objectives, and this belligerency might be conveyed in judicial decision-making. To address the endogeneity issue related to the measurement of this adversarial attitude, the paper relies on historical evidence to construct an instrumental variable and assess why settlements are so low. Indeed, much of the unwillingness of trade unions to achieve peaceful social dialogue is proven to be connected with the crisis triggered by a minuscule parasite, named phyllox era. Therefore, the final explanation might be that polarized courts convey an image of belligerency and support a full but long assessment of legal rights, encouraging the parties to wait for the judgment instead of anticipating its effects with conciliation.

[EN] The effect of three levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg diet) compared to dietary antibiotic supplementation (ANT, colistin sulphate 144, tylosin 100 and oxytetracycline 1000 ppm) and to a diet without MOS or medication (control group) were studied on 5 groups of rabbits (n=342 cages/group and 2 rabbits/cage) from weaning (35 d) to 60 d of age in a farm with an anamnestic history of Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy (ERE). Mortality rate was recorded daily. Thirty two cages per group were randomly chosen to record growth performance and rectal anaerobic microbial population. Live weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. At 49 d of age rectal swabs were collected with cotton swabs from 8 rabbits per group and the anaerobic microbial population was counted. Feed digestibility was determined per cage using acid insoluble ash as an internal marker, collecting faeces from 57 to 59 d of age. An episode of ERE occurred during the second and the third week of the trial. The control group showed a high mortality rate during the fattening period (78%) and was not considered for further measurements. Total mortality rate was higher (P

One-hundred and twenty Ischia grey rabbits, traditionally raised in pits, were equally divided after weaning (32 days) into three groups: group C, housed in cages (4 rabbits/cage) and fed a commercial concentrate; group GF, housed as C group and fed grasses collected on the island and crushed faba beans supplemented with an appropriate mineral vitamin mix; group P, housed in pits (8 rabbits/pit) and fed as GF group. Feed intake was recorded daily and live weight monthly up to slaughter (92 days). At slaughter, 10 rabbits per group were used to measure carcass and meat traits. The carcasses were weighed and measured according to the standard procedures and meat samples from the Longissimus dorsi and left hind leg were analysed for water holding capacity and chemical composition, respectively. During the entire trial, group C consumed significantly (p

Salah satu potensi dampak positif dari penerapan desentralisasi fiskal Indonesia adalah berkembangnya kompetisi antar pemerintah daerah dalam upaya mensejahterakan masyarakatnya. Kompetisi tersebut tercermin dari hubungan positif antara besarnya pengeluaran suatu pemerintah daerah dengan pengeluaran daerah lain. Dengan menggunakan data kabupaten/kota Indonesia tahun 2010 dan pendekatan model ekonometrika spasial, penelitian ini menguji apakah terdapat interaksi strategis antar pemerintah daerah yang dicerminkan dari total pengeluaran pemerintah daerah per kapita terhadap total pengeluaran pemerintah daerah per kapita tetangga. Hasil estimasi mengkonfirmasi eksistensi interaksi strategis dari pengeluaran daerah per kapita. Fungsi pengeluaran sektor ekonomi menjadi fungsi dengan interaksi terbesar, yang menunjukkan bahwa kompetisi daerah lebih banyak didorong untuk mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi.