Search

Mortality rate among critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit is high, particularly in low-income countries (LIC). Many scores have been developed to predict these fatal outcomes. In LIC, the applicability of scoring systems is precluded by the unavailability of resources to compile all the parameters of these scores. Herein, we highlight the advantages of two models: the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and the Rapid Emergency Medical Score (REMS). The REMS and the MEWS have the advantage of being accurate, simple, inexpensive, and practical for LIC.

SMEs form one of the sectors mostly affected by this financial crisis, due to their lack of financial power. Still, a HVI analysis indicates this period as favorable to any SME that manages to identify and to react promptly to market changes. Most of the times, managers tend to focus on the technical and practical aspects of the manufacturing process, underestimating the financial management and the real facts related to the operations under their control. Starting from these thoughts, the hereby article approaches the real need for specific training in the field of financial reports and indicators aiming to draw the attention to the performances that may be achieved by the small and medium size enterprises, performances that mainly depend on the effective financial management, on the good understanding of basic accounting notions and on an adequate decision making process. Even after 20 years of „capitalism” and democracy, the Romanian SMEs are still at a low level. This is not discouraging, although, having in view the lack of liquidities at global level, the possibility to get a bank loan is limited, and the over-exigency of commercial banks. Thus, the long-term loans designed for SME’s and corporations become more and more difficult to get . Despite these, performances can still be achieved, even on the background of a deep crisis. Compared to the big companies from EU and not only, the advantage of SME’s is their increased flexibility and their capacity to implement new services and to market new products. In the absence of higher levels of decision and approval, the decision-making process in SME’s is easier and thus, more efficient. In this context, SME’s may act promptly by applying solutions adjusted to the market conditions. (Ciobanu, 1998, p. 98 ) ”The small entrepreneurs are the engine of the economy” is a well-known saying, but we are still far from reaching the level of the European Union.

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis en perspectiva de la trayectoria de la Metodología Observacional en el devenir de la Psicología del Deporte. La crisis de la Psicología Social implica un cambio metodológico hacia la observación, esta situación es recogida por los trabajos pioneros de Martens y supone su consolidación. En la última década se ha producido un avance considerable, materializado y consolidado por un desarrollo emergente de diferentes aspectos procedimentales de la Metodologia Observacional (diseños, instrumentos de observación, programas informáticos de registro, etc.) en Psicologia del Deporte, y en las más diversas modalidades (fútbol, balonmano, baloncesto, hockey, natación, tenis, judo, actividad física, atletismo, etc.). Nos hallamos en la actualidad en un momento que consideramos crucial para que sigan fructificando los nuevos avances metodológicos, desde un planteamiento flexible y abierto, en la multiplicidad de perspectivas perceptibles que se plantean en la Psicología del Deporte. This paper examines the evolution of the observational methodology in developments in sports psychology. As noted in Martens' pioneering work, the crisis in social psychology has seen a shift towards observation, an approach that has now become well established. Indeed, considerable advances have been made over the last decade, with different elements of the observational methodology (designs, observational instruments, data recording software etc.) being increasingly applied in the context of sports psychology and in various sporting disciplines (soccer, handball, basketball, hockey, swimming, tennis, judo, physical exercise, athletics etc.). This situation is crucial in the development of these new methodological approaches, and we need to ensure that they continue to bear fruit and can be applied in an open flexible way to the wide range of perspectives that characterize the field of sports psychology. Neste trabalho realiza-se uma análise na perspectiva da trajectória da Metodologia Observacional no âmbito da Psicologia do Desporto. A crise da Psicologia Social implica uma mudança metodológica no que respeita à observação, sendo esta suportada nos trabalhos pioneiros de Martens e que pressupõe a sua consolidação. Na última década registou-se um progresso considerável, materializado e consolidado pelo desenvolvimento emergente de diferentes aspectos procedimentais da Metodologia Observacional (delineamentos, instrumentos de observação, programas informáticos de registo, etc.) em Psicologia do Desporto, e nas mais diversas modalidades (futebol, andebol, basquetebol, hóquei, natação, ténis, judo, actividade física, atletismo, etc.). Encontramo-nos na actualidade num momento que consideramos crucial para que continuem a frutificar novos avanços metodológicos, a partir de um planeamento flexível e aberto, na multiplicidade de perspectivas perceptíveis que se verificam na Psicologia do Desporto.