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In recent years, scholars have highlighted the role of cities as incubators for start-ups. Several studies identify the city of Barcelona as one of the major hubs in Europe for start-up creation, especially in emergent industries. The present paper examines how local attributes, proximity to the elements of an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE), and to nearby economic activity, influence the location of ambitious start-ups in Barcelona between 2012 and 2015. To do this, we use micro-geographic data of Barcelona start-ups provided by the Catalan Government (ACCIÓ) and open data on the socioeconomic composition of Barcelona neighbourhoods from the Statistics Department of the Council of Barcelona. By dealing with neighbouring effects and endogeneity, our results suggest that localisation economies and proximity to the elements of the EE are the key factors attracting start-ups to Barcelona's neighbourhoods. These results are crucial in helping policymakers understand the locational factors of start-ups within the city.

This paper investigates how the long-lasting financial crisis is affecting the survival of nascent firms. The target of this research is a sample of 64 firms that benefit from the interaction with a high-technology innovation cluster located in Barcelona (Spain). A logistic regression analysis is conducted to predict survival using a wide set of variables as predictors. The born-global and high productivity ICT firms show the best prediction of success. Financial leverage has played also a critical role in the evolution of businesses whereas milieu effects have been insufficient to overcome the difficulties of financial crisis.

The last decade of the twentieth century saw a proliferation of publications that use jazz as a metaphor for corporate management, arguing that in the contemporary knowledge economy, jazz is superior to the symphonic model that governed mid-century factory floors. As the literature on the jazz metaphor, and organizational improvisation more broadly, continued to develop into the twenty-first century, another managerial methodology became widely adopted by entrepreneurs: agile. While agile is yet to be fully theorized as an improvisatory practice, agile shares several core tenets with the models promoted by organizational improvisation scholars, including the use of small teams, an emphasis on feedback, and an openness to change. In this dissertation, I argue that agile methods, and the adjacent lean methodology, are inherently improvisatory and that understanding them as improvisatory offers opportunities not only for their deployment within growing businesses, but also for adoption at-scale in large corporations. I draw on an array of disciplinary perspectives, including management science, organizational studies, musicology, and critical improvisation studies, as well as a wide range of sources, from peer-reviewed journal publications to trade manuals. Each chapter builds upon the former: a substantial and critical review of the jazz metaphor literature is followed by a dissection of its main themes under a musicological lens; after securing the foundations of organizational improvisation, the next chapter reveals the improvisatory nature of agile and lean startup practices and links them to concepts discussed within the jazz metaphor literature. Drawing on insights from large-scale improvisatory musical practices, the final chapter reveals how improvisation, as a set of practices shared between corporate management and agile methodologies, provides avenues for agile to be scaled up as startups grow or for its widespread adoption within established companies.

This Stanford master’s thesis research examines investment selection decision-making at venture capital (VC) firms. In addition, it compares and contrasts similarities and differences between firms and across geographic regions. As part of this research, I conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with venture capitalists (VCs) at 32 venture capital firms in Silicon Valley, Japan, and Southeast Asia. I asked interviewees a range of questions about the investment selection decision-making practices and methods at their firms. I also asked each of them a series of questions about one initial investment that their firm had made in the past few years in which they were directly involved and which they consider to be representative of their approach. In addition, I asked them each about distinctive aspects of the venture capital industry in their respective country or region. Although the sample size was too small for formal quantitative analysis, this thesis research revealed a number of distinct patterns in the decision-making practices and methods of professional venture capital investors. The patterns confirm some of the findings of Gompers et al. 2020, e.g. regarding investment sourcing, but were notably different regarding the most attractive aspects of investments. This may be because this thesis research – unlike Gompers et al. 2020 – allowed for open-ended responses, rather than pre-set survey questions. Major issues examined in this research include: (a) investment committee voting policies and practices of VC firms; (b) the frequency with which VCs use an investment selection scoring matrix or other formal evaluation system; (c) methods used in sourcing investments; (d) the frequency with which specific portfolio companies had revenue at the time of the series A round; (e) investor perceptions of IPO versus acquisition as the likely path to exit at the time of initial investment; (f) the frequency with which VCs use opinions from outside experts in evaluating potential investments; (g) competition among VCs for deals, as measured by the presence of competing term sheets; (h) factors reported by VCs as the most important attractive aspects of specific investments; (i) factors viewed by VCs as the most important aspects of evaluating the strength of the team for specific investments; (j) issues identified by VCs as the most concerning potential weaknesses of particular investments; (k) the most important factors, as reported by VCs, when considering whether or not to make follow-on investments in specific portfolio companies; (l) and distinctive aspects of the VC industry in Silicon Valley, Japan, and Southeast Asia, as described by VCs in those regions. This thesis research may be useful for academic researchers planning to conduct further research on VC investment selection decision-making, including survey-based research such as that conducted by Gompers et al. (2020). It may also be useful for practicing VCs who are interested in studying the current investment selection practices and methods of other VCs at successful VC firms across multiple regions.

The objective of the Business Plan is to reinvent teleworking. Wome is an intermediary company that brings together companies and hotels in order to give each employee their perfect location to work. As the slogan says: Work from your new work home.

The thesis develops a series of field experiments on both the investor side and the startup side to understand both investors' investment preferences and entrepreneurs' collaboration preferences in the U.S. entrepreneurial financing system. On the investor side, Chapter 1 studies whether early stage investors are biased against female, Asian, and older startup founders using two complementary field experiments consisting of a correspondence test and an incentivized resume (IRR) rating experiment. Chapter 2 provides causal evidence of investors' general investment preferences for multiple startup characteristics, including both the human capital characteristics and the non-human capital characteristics, using the same experimental design. On the startup side, Chapter 3 studies whether startup founders are biased against female and Asian investors using a symmetric IRR experiment. Chapter 4 investigates how investor's human capital characteristics and funds' organizational capital characteristics affect founders' collaboration interest, which explains VC funds' performances through attraction of potential deal flows. These experiments constitute a field experimental system in the two-sided matching market, providing crucial causal evidence addressing several fundamental questions in the entrepreneurial finance literature.

Purpose: This study explores the complexity of developing a sustainable small and medium industry (SMI) through a conceptual model that integrates lean and green manufacturing principles.Design/methodology/approach: This model includes a systems diagram that illustrates the structure of the interconnected variable and the interrelationships between goals, inputs, processes, and outputs required to achieve a system’s goals by using both lean and green principles. The diagram uses causal loop diagram logic from systems thinking based on the literature review, multi-actor analysis, observations, and focus group discussions.Findings: Combining the efficiency benefits from lean principles and better environmental effectiveness from green principles would help to achieve sustainability. A conceptual structural map could support the integration processes by illustrating the variables, multi-actors, and multi-indicators required to achieve sustainability.Research limitations/implications: The conceptual model highlights the necessary linkage between lean and green practices that would help SMI researchers and decision-makers to navigate their activities in achieving sustainability.Originality/value: There is currently little discussion at the SMI level from a multi-actor perspective. The systems diagram offers a comprehensive picture that is the basis for further discussion of the complexity of integrating lean and green principles.

Aquest treball final de grau té com a objectiu elaborar el pla d’empresa de Surfing Costa Brava JV S.L, el qual posarà en valor una oferta dirigida a totes aquelles persones que els hi agradi l’esport i la vida saludable. Per tal de realitzar-lo, es començarà fent un estudi tant del Macroentorn, a través de l’anàlisi Pestel – el qual té un conjunt d’elements que determinarà la viabilitat global de l’empresa –, com del Microentorn, element que analitzarà diversos aspectes com l’anàlisi de mercat, el perfil dels consumidors i la competència. Un altre apartat important a destacar és el pla de màrqueting el qual haurà de ser detallat especialment pel que fa a les polítiques de preus i la promoció, ja que seran els dos elements que determinaran quina tipologia de clients vindrà a l’empresa. És clar, que on hi haurà un estudi més exhaustiu degut a la seva importància, és a l’apartat econòmic, ja que serà el que determinarà la viabilitat del projecte. És per aquesta raó, que ha estat un dels que ha requerit més temps especialment a les inversions i als estats comptables

Over the last years the world has become more mobile and younger generations, primarily between 25 and 40 years old, are changing apartment more often. As it is well known, moving is painful and sometimes represents a big challenge when people have to worry about furniture. This process is generally associated with a notable waste of time, and almost always with an implicit huge cost. In recent years we have witnessed a constant evolution of different business models that have converted many of the elements of our daily lives from a product to a subscription such as cars, movies or music. Profiting fromthis new trend, newnest wants to offer a furniture subscription model to tackle the problems associated with the process of moving to a new apartment. Users will able to rent the furniture they need for an affordable price without having to worry about logistics. When they no longer need the items, newnest recovers the furniture and refurbishes it to give it a second life and empower circular economy. Customers will no longer need to worry about what to do with the furniture when they move out. Newnest will target big cities such as Barcelona, London, Paris, etc., where the activity is, where peoplemove more. To start its activity, the company will focus on Barcelona, where the furniture market had a revenue in 2019 of more than "400M. We estimated that within our target age range there are 1.22M people, 54% of which are actually renting an apartment. The current situation with the COVID-19 pandemic presents a challenge for many startups, including newnest. As market uncertainty increases, investors becomemore reluctant. In this context we will evaluate our work for the last 6 months and discuss what could be the next steps to follow in these unprecedented times. Outgoing

Este proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de una empresa dedicada a la comercialización de jianzis, el objeto principal de un deporte tradicional asiático. El desarrollo se ha llevado a cabo mediante la realización de tres planes: el plan de marketing, en el que se analiza el mercado, la competencia, el modo de dar a conocer este producto y el precio; el plan de operaciones, en el que se compara si es mejor importar el producto ya fabricado o fabricarlo, y se estudian los diferentes canales de distribución; y el plan de recursos humanos, en el que se comenta la organización funcional y la política de sueldos. Además, se estudian los aspectos legales y societarios, y se realiza una previsión de resultados de la empresa durante los cinco primeros años. Todo ello se realiza a modo startup, es decir, buscando un crecimiento rápido, sin grandes inversiones, y con internet como principal medio de desarrollo de la empresa. Toda startup va acompañada de un resumen ejecutivo para que posibles inversores decidan rápidamente si les interesa el negocio o no. Éste se sitúa al final del proyecto en el apartado Resumen ejecutivo (página 75).

Este trabajo valora el nivel de éxito o fracaso del Estado colombiano en materia de fomento del emprendimiento empresarial, a partir del programa insignia Fondo Emprender, el cualaporta capital semilla para poner en operación los proyectos aprobados. El estudio tuvo carácter empírico, analizó 2.119 iniciativas emprendedoras financiadas entre 2006 y 2013, empleando como instrumentos de medición de éxito o fracaso las variables propias del programa. Para identificar la incidencia de las variables se utilizaron elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos, aplicando estadística descriptiva, corriendo el modelo de regresión de respuesta binaria LOGIT. Se concluyó que las variables gestión de empleo, gestión presupuestal y gestión en las ventas, son variables determinantes del éxito, mientras que el fracaso está asociado a ofrecer más financiación a cambio de más empleos. Finalmente, se determina que un año es un plazo insuficiente para evaluar un proyecto empresarial y definir su fracaso o éxito. This work assesses the level of success or failure of the Colombian State in the area of entrepreneurship development, based on the flagship program Fondo Emprender, which provides seed capital to put the approved projects in operation. The study was empirical, analyzed 2119 entrepreneurial initiatives financed between 2006-2013, using as variables of success or failure the variables of the program. To identify the incidence of the variables, qualitative and quantitative elements were used, applying descriptive statistics, running the LOGIT binary response regression model. It was concluded that the variables management of employment, budget management and sales management are determinants of success, while failure is associated with offering more financing in exchange for more jobs, and finally, it is determined that one year is an insufficient time to evaluate a business project and define its failure or success. Este trabalho avalia o nível de sucesso ou fracasso do Estado colombiano no domínio da promoção do empreendimento corporativo, do programa insignia Fundo Emprender, que fornece capital semente para colocar emoperação os projectos aprovados. O estudo teve uma natureza empírica, examinou 2.119 iniciativas empresariais financiadas entre 2006 e 2013, usando como instrumentos de medição do sucesso ou fracasso as variáveis do programa. Elementos qualitativos e quantitativos foram usados aplicando a estatística descritiva, executando o modelo de regressão LOGIT binário da resposta, para identificar a incidência de variáveis. Concluiu-se que as variáveis gestão de emprego, gestão orçamental e gestão de venda são variáveis determinantes do sucesso, enquanto o fracasso está associado a fornecer mais financiamento em troca de mais postos de trabalho. Finalmente é determinado que um ano é tempo insuficiente para avaliar um projeto de negócio e definir seu fracasso ou seu sucesso. Ce travail évalue le niveau de succès ou défaite de l’État colombien en matière de promotion de l’entrepreneuriat d’entreprise, à partir du programme l’insigne Fonds Entreprendre, qui apporte capital graine pour mettre en opération les projets approuvés. L’étude a eu un caractère empirique, a analysé 2.119 initiatives entreprenantes financées entre 2006 et 2013, en employant comme instruments de mesure de succès ou défaite les propres variables du programme. Pour identifier l’incidence des variables, des éléments qualitatifs et quantitatifs ont été utilisés, en appliquant la statistique descriptive, en courant le modèle de régression de réponse binaire LOGIT. On a fini que variables gestion d’emploi, gestion presupuestal et gestion de ventes, sont des variables déterminants du succès, alors que le défaite est associé à offrir plus financement au lieu de plus d’emplois. Finalement, on détermine qu’un an est un délai insuffisant pour évaluer un projet d’entreprise et pour définir son défaite ou succès.

En el presente apartado se dará una aproximación a los determinantes de la duración del emprendimiento empresarial, abarcando desde aspectos propios del emprendedor hasta variables de su entorno, en este caso institucionales. La primera variable a analizar es el grado de formalización, la cual es muy baja en Colombia, pero, ¿a qué se debe esta tendencia? La decisión de formalizarse para la mayoría de emprendedores no es rentable desde una óptica costo-beneficio. Es de reconocer los esfuerzos del Gobierno para incentivar la formalización de los emprendedores, sin embargo, un porcentaje significativo de ellos aún opta por la informalidad, y así evitar los costos de la formalización. Como toda elección, la de permanecer en la informalidad también tiene un costo de oportunidad como lo es el no tener acceso al sistema financiero, sea público o privado, sin contar el no poder alcanzar estándares competitivos. Claro está que los emprendimientos que optan por la informalidad se convierten de paso en una competencia desleal frente a quienes sí se formalizan. La no formalización se convierte en foco de informalidad laboral llevando a serios desequilibrios macroeconómicos

Analiza la viabilidad técnica, económica, financiera, social y la aceptación del mercado para la implementación de una empresa de seguridad empresarial en Lima Metropolitana. Objetivos específicos: a) Realizar una investigación de mercado que facilite identificar la demanda insatisfecha del servicio propuesto para definir la aceptación del mismo. b) Determinar la viabilidad técnica evaluando los costos relacionados y la disponibilidad de la mano de obra. c) Realizar el estudio técnico del proyecto para determinar la localización, la infraestructura física requerida y la estructura administrativa. d) Evaluar los aspectos económico-financieros del proyecto para establecer su factibilidad en base a su rentabilidad y recuperación de la inversión. e) Evaluar los principales impactos del proyecto en los ámbitos social, económico, educativo, empresarial y ético.

Plantea la instalación de un kartódromo el cual será un lugar de esparcimiento, recreación y diversión donde los clientes podrán participar en familia de un ambiente sano y formativo de nuevas experiencias para chicos y grandes. Contará con una pista de 800 metros de largo asfaltada, rieles de seguridad, karts con motor eléctrico y distintas configuraciones de manejo dependiendo la habilidad del conductor. Además con este estudio se pretenderá proporcionar a los clientes una experiencia de manejo única, donde podrán competir con karts de la más alta tecnología y pensando en una responsabilidad social con el cuidado del medio ambiente al utilizar motores que no contaminen.

El mundo está destacando la importancia de la vida sana, despertando la conciencia de buscar lo mejor para nuestro cuerpo, mente y alma. Es así que observamos el gran potencial que existe en el mercado de consumo de bebidas no carbonatadas, validado por el crecimiento en Lima y en el mundo del consumo de agua embotellada, hablamos de un incremento promedio de 10% anual en los últimos cinco años (Instituto de Estudios Económicos y Sociales, 2017) y si a esto le sumamos el gran éxito obtenido en las ferias internacionales por el consumo de bebidas hechas a base de productos naturales basándose en formulaciones nuevas, mezcla de sabores y en el uso de empaques novedosos, nace la motivación de presentar la siguiente propuesta de innovación ofreciendo una solución a una necesidad latente del consumidor actual. Trabajo de investigación

La nueva empresa Asegurando Calidad EIRL, bajo la marca comercial “MoviLab” es un proyecto innovador B2B que brindará servicio de análisis de calidad de combustibles en grifos y estaciones de servicio con el fin de asegurar que los clientes estén consumiendo un combustible dentro de las especificaciones técnicas de la Norma Técnica Peruana y que el propietario u operador de la estación esté libre de contingencias ante la autoridad. El análisis de combustible se realizará “on site”, es decir “el laboratorio irá al cliente”, para ello se contará con un equipo portátil de última generación para el análisis de combustible (Diesel B5 y Gasoholes), el cual será transportado en una camioneta tipo VAN operada por un técnico especialista. Existe una gran oportunidad de ser los primeros en el mercado y de tener una muy amplia cartera de contactos a nivel de empresas petroleras quienes son las propietarias u operadoras de estaciones de servicio, y también a nivel de empresas familiares (estaciones independientes). Trabajo de investigación

El presente estudio de prefactibilidad expone la viabilidad económica, técnica, financiera y de mercado para la instalación de un restaurante de comida oriental saludable en Lima Metropolitana. En los primeros capítulos se plantea la propuesta de brindar comida oriental saludable en platos creativos. Tras un estudio de la población y proyecciones, se calculó una demanda potencial al 2016 de 452.121 personas al año. En el estudio de mercado se obtuvo una demanda al 2016 de 210.838 personas, y la proyectada al 2023 de 229.199 personas. Luego de analizar diferentes opciones de localización, se llegó a la conclusión que Miraflores es la mejor ubicación para el proyecto. De igual manera, en el dimensionamiento del servicio después de analizar la relación tamaño-mercado, tamaño-recurso, tamaño tecnología y tamaño-punto de equilibrio el principal limitante se encontró en los recursos, debido a la disponibilidad de mesas para ofrecer el servicio. Al finalizar se concluyó que el restaurante contaría con 12 mesas chicas y 8 mesas grandes. Finalmente, la evaluación económica y financiera demostró que el proyecto es viable en ambos casos; con una relación B/C de 3,191 y una TIR de 49,89% en la evaluación económica y una relación B/C de 6,330 y una TIR de 66,30% en la evaluación financiera. En definitiva, es una propuesta interesante, viable y con un impacto positivo en la sociedad.

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between employees' propensity to innovate and cultivate entrepreneurial aspirations whilst working within an organization. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of this interrelation, reflecting from a theoretical point of view on the factors that influence innovative propensity and entrepreneurial intention of the paid employee working in a public sector organization and studying the role played by the opportunity cost.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 149 employees working for a public organization. In order to verify the hypotheses proffered, two multiple regression analyses were undertaken.FindingsThe authors provide evidence that an understanding of the capacity that some employees have towards innovation offers an added tier of information and affords meaningful results. Their findings suggest that there is a positive impact of innovative propensity on entrepreneurial intention, and that it is stronger when combined with lower opportunity cost.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to the field of entrepreneurship being informative for researchers interested in the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention and can also be utilized to further research in the field of human resource management and retention practices within organizations.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing empirical literature on entrepreneurial intention from a perspective that has been hitherto largely overlooked: the employee's perspective.

This paper analyzes how the development of innovation districts in industrial waterfront zones affects the social vulnerabilities of working class, minority and immigrant neighborhoods towards gentrification. Research uses Sunset Park, Brooklyn as a neighborhood case study and incorporates a mixed-methodology design through archival research and qualitative interviews. This study first defines the pre-existing risks and relationship between industrial use zoning and neighborhood social vulnerabilities through archival research of neighborhood history and recent urban developments. Qualitative data is generated through interviews of neighborhood residents, community activist organizations and non-profits of Sunset Park, Brooklyn, tenants of Industry City, advocates of Innovation Districts, and urban planners to understand the potential, social impacts of innovation districts and their adaptive re-use schemes upon working class neighborhoods.

Objeto: El trabajo que se presenta en este artículo es la primera parte de un estudio sobre las estrategias llevadas a cabo por las empresas en épocas de crisis. Este primer artículo analiza las características financieras de las empresas creadas en Barcelona en los inicios de la crisis y que han sobrevivido durante la misma. Este estudio pretende contrastar las características financieras de las empresas analizadas con las medidas llevadas a cabo para mantener su rentabilidad en épocas de crisis y determinar si existen patrones de comportamiento distintos entre empresas creadas en sectores industriales y no industriales. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Análisis estadístico-descriptivo de las medias y variaciones de los principales indicadores financieros y de recursos humanos que se relacionan con las medidas tomadas por las empresas en época de crisis. La base de datos utilizada ha sido el SABI y el período de referencia 2008-2013. Aportaciones y resultados: Las empresas creadas en Barcelona en los inicios de la crisis y que han sobrevivido presentan algunos rasgos comunes: muestran un EBITDA positivo, los recursos propios constituyen una fuente relevante de financiación,tienden a reducir su nivel de endeudamiento o se disminuye inversión. Los ratios de la rentabilidad financiera son muy bajos ya que el patrimonio neto de la empresa es alto y la deuda es baja. Referente a los indicadores de recursos humanos, nos indican la importancia de las empresas de nueva creación en la generación de empleo y sus tasas de productividad son altas. Originalidad / Valor añadido: Determinar las características financieras de las empresas creadas en los inicios de la crisis y que sobreviven en Barcelona en época de crisis para determinar si siguen medidas para mantener su rentabilidad. La existencia de un conjunto de medidas estadísticamente significativas puede servir de guía a los emprendedores del futuro así como de las políticas públicas de apoyo a los emprendedores. Purpose: This article analyses the financial characteristics of the companies created and surviving in Barcelona during the times of the financial and economic crisis. This study compares the financial characteristics of the companies analyzed with the actions and strategies taken by companies to maintain or increase business performance since start of 2008 and determine if there are different patterns of behavior among enterprises created in industrial and non-industrial sectors. Design/methodology: Descriptive analysis of the medium and changes in financial and human resource indicators that measure the strategies and actions taken by companies in times of crisis. The database used was the SABI and the reference period 2008-2013. Findings: Companies created in Barcelona at the beginning of the crisis and surviving in Barcelona show a positive EBITDA, own resources are used to self-financing, to cancel debt or decrease investment. The financial profitability ratios are very low because the equity of the company is high and debt is low. Regarding indicators of human resources, we indicate the importance of start-ups in generating employment and their productivity rates are high. Originality/value: Define the financial characteristics of firms created and surviving in Barcelona in times of crisis to determine if these new companies follow the actions taken by companies to maintain or increase business performance since start of 2008.The existence of a statistically significant set of measures can guide future entrepreneurs.

This thesis examines the impacts of entrepreneurial initiatives in associated with Copenhagen’s sharing economy, in an effort to understand the role of hacking in adapting to given socioeconomic, political, or environmental conditions. Understood as a process undertaken by an actor outside of an established system to rudimentarily derive an outcome in a way that tends to shift existing power dynamics, hacking is explored a potential tool for cultivating communities that are capable of both proactive and reactive change. The study asks if a hack can generate adaptation that is fundamentally transformative and offers recommendations on ways that planners can leverage hacking to battle contemporary urban challenges. It simultaneously considers the impacts of a hacking environment, taking Copenhagen’ s startup ecosystem as an example. The methodology includes interviews, a Twitter analysis, and supplementary qualitative assessments.

Respect for the environment has rapidly gained importance in the context of firms, regardless their level of pollution. Most of the research has been related to the most polluting sectors and is limited to the effect on performance of the adoption of cleaner practices primarily in terms of operations, financial performance and competitiveness. This paper expands the research towards a more complete picture of environmental management by examining context, development and performance to understand how other factors can influence the development of cleaner practices. In addition, we focus our research on a service sector. In our analysis, we differentiated between the affiliation and size of the companies to better understand their specificities. Based on a sample of 374 restaurants, the results show the importance of the influence of institutions and the limited influence of competitors in encouraging firms to adopt new management practices, especially for smaller firms.

This present work is the first part of an investigation made by the Companies Assessment Commission in the Associació Catalana de Comptabilitat i Direcció (ACCID), the aim of this paper is to analyze the key success in the start up companies. Specifically we are going to analyze the financial factors in the Catalonian start up companies created in the last five year.

La globalización pone de manifiesto algunos desafíos para las sociedades actuales -- La convivencia interna entre abundancia y escasez es evidente, desborda el enfoque tradicional entre desarrollo y subdesarrollo y mantiene vigente el debate acerca de priorizar crecimiento por encima de desarrollo, o desarrollo en lugar de crecimiento -- Sin embargo, la combinación de buenas prácticas de las diferentes escuelas de desarrollo, junto con el redescubrimiento de enfoques del saber económico, coadyuva a la comprensión de experiencias legítimas basadas en relaciones de proximidad -- Este capital relacional se erige como constante de análisis en la explicación de motivaciones, vínculos e intercambios entre agentes económicos, estatales y sociales -- Este entorno explica el surgimiento de organizaciones que en una actitud de emprendimiento promueven la creación de valor y sostenibilidad para el territorio -- De igual forma, la utilización del término innovación social evidencia la disposición que tiene la sociedad para enfrentar retos que la aquejan, frente a los cuales se construyen respuestas con base en las sinergias antes mencionadas, que integran elementos creativos y participativos. Como es de suponer, cualquier definición de innovación social al igual que cualquier proceso que permita identificarla genera controversia

M.Comm. Volgens West (1988: 1) begin mense vanwee verskeie redes 'n sakeonderneming: vir wins, vir onafhanldikheid, of weens desperaatheid - wanneer hulle byvoorbeeld 'n lang termyn van werkloosheid in die gesig staar. Sommige voorbeelde van nuwe sakeondernemings, soos by dit stel, is waarvan drome gemaak word, die "rags to riches progress of dazzling proportions". Alhoewel die suksesstories inspirerend is vir baie voornemende sakeondernemers en dit spreekwoordelik die goud aan die einde van die reenboog uitwys, is die realiteit van kleinsakeondernemings dikwels verskillend en teleurstellend in die wereld daar buite. Die gemiddelde kleinsakeonderneming kan eers beskou word as lewensvatbaar as dit die eerste vyf jaar van bestaan oorskry het. Navorsing toon ook dat ongeveer 85% van alle nuwe sakeondernemings in die eerste vyf jaar misluk (West, 1988: 1). Die oorsake van die mislukkings wissel weens verskeie faktore. Na aanleiding van 'n studie onder kleiner sakeondernemings is die oorsake soos volg bevind: deels ekonomies (47,7%), finansieel (38,4%), onervarenheid (7,1%), nalatigheid van die eienaar (3,4%) en ander redes (3,7%) (Timmons, 1999: 32).

M.Ing. Sunter (1999:13) states "Unemployment is now the scourge of virtually every single nation." Sunter believes that unemployment or the creation of new jobs will be the responsibility of small businesses. If one however analyses the survival of new business ventures, failure is not the exception but the rule. According to literature 52% of all new business ventures are dissolved within the first four years of their existence and 63% within 6 years. Various publications on business incubators state that new business ventures that were incubated by business incubators demonstrated a success rate that is as high or higher than the failure rate of non-incubated new business ventures. A typical success rate of approximately 86% is quoted as the norm for these incubated ventures. The success rate can be attributed to the support provided by the incubators. The support and services provided by incubators consist typically of a range of products but the distinguishing attribute or feature is the support programme developed and tailored to meet the specific requirements of each individual organisation that joined the incubator. To ensure that jobs are created in South Africa it seems that incubators should be in a position to contribute much. The results of an evaluation of the achievements of seven of the highly visible incubators in South Africa, indicate that the flirtation with incubators resulted in very limited success. None of the seven examples were found to be very successful, but not all for the same reason. The aim of this dissertation is to identify some of the attributes that a high-technology incubator should possess to ensure success. The approach adopted was to: Define what a high-technology business incubator is. Identify the typical life-cycle of new ventures. Determine why new ventures fail. Determine the critical success factors of new ventures Determine the reasons for failure of South African high technology business ventures and incubators. Then based on the results of the above define some of the attributes a South African incubator should possess. The conclusion is that the attributes, excluding flexible lease space, shared business services and networking to the know-how network (technical) of the South African incubators are well developed. The following attributes were found lacking and should be fully developed: Education, training and information programmes; Networking to debt and equity capital and networking in general and Counselling and mentoring support. These attributes are those that will enable an incubator to develop and tailor support programmes to meet the specific requirements of individual firms. The South African environment is identified as being detrimental to the development of small new ventures and it was recommended that it should form the subject of further research.

Màster Oficial en Gestió Cultural, Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Ciències Econòmiques i Empresarials , curs: 2010-2011, Tutor: Albert de Gregorio Prieto, Amics del Cinema consisteix en la proposta de creació i gestió d'un centre de cinema, entès com a espai a on no només es poden veure pel·lícules d'autor i altres tipus d'obres audiovisuals sinó que també s'hi ofereixen diverses activitats relacionades amb aquest art, de manera que el públic pot tenir una experiència cinematogràfica completa.

The objective of this paper is to analyze why firms in some industries locate in specialized economic environments (localization economies) while those in other industries prefer large city locations (urbanization economies). To this end, we examine the location decisions of new manufacturing firms in Spain at the city level and for narrowly defined industries (three-digit level). First, we estimate firm location models to obtain estimates that reflect the importance of localization and urbanization economies in each industry. In a second step, we regress these estimates on industry characteristics that are related to the potential importance of three agglomeration theories, namely, labor market pooling, input sharing and knowledge spillovers. Localization effects are low and urbanization effects are high in knowledge-intensive industries, suggesting that firms (partly) locate in large cities to reap the benefits of inter-industry knowledge spillovers. We also find that localization effects are high in industries that employ workers whose skills are more industry-specific, suggesting that industries (partly) locate in specialized economic environments to share a common pool of specialized workers.

Màster Oficial en Gestió Cultural, Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Ciències Econòmiques i Empresarials , curs: 2010/2011, Tutor: Xavier Arroyo, El presente plan empresarial presenta el proyecto Cultureando consistente en una agenda cultural online que sigue los principios 2.0 de relación e interacción con el usuario. Cultureando busca ser una versión digital y contemporánea de los tradicionales medios de comunicación culturales analógicos que han visto llegar su periodo de recesión en un tiempo en el que lo digital ha reducido los tiempos de espera y las limitaciones de ubicación, todo ello en un entorno de coyuntura económica negativa que ha propiciado la reducción de las tiradas de impresión e incluso la extinción de algunas editoriales. Se presenta aquí un modelo de negocio actual, adaptado a las necesidades y exigencias del mercado del momento y más específicamente, de los consumidores; un modelo de negocio basado en los principios de calidad y bajo coste demostrando que no son conceptos antagónicos en una era digital como la nuestra.

Projectes Final de Carrera de Relacions Laborals (2011). Dirigit per Cristina Domingo Bernaus - Departament Economia i Organització d'Empreses

Projectes Final de Carrera de Relacions Laborals (2008). Dirigit per Ana Garcia González - Departament Economia i Organització d'Empreses

There is much we do not understand about the “location” of innovation: the confluence, for a particular innovation, of the technology associated with the innovation, the innovating firm’s size and organizational structure, and the financial contracting that supports the innovation. This Essay suggests that these three indicia are simultaneously determined and discusses the interaction among them through four examples of innovative activity whose location is characterized by tradeoffs between pursuing the activity in an established company; in a smaller, earlier stage company; or some combination of the two. It first considers the dilemma faced by an established company in deciding whether to keep an employee’s innovation or allow the employee to pursue the innovation through a startup. It next takes up a very different relationship between an established company and an earlier stage company: the development by the smaller company of a “disruptive” innovation that displaces the industry’s dominant companies. The Essay then considers an established company’s instrumental use of the startup market to outsource development of a particular innovation to a technology race. Finally, the Essay examines a form of innovation located between an established and earlier stage company: the pattern of joint ventures between large pharmaceutical companies and smaller biotechnology companies.