1. Household water insecurity will complicate the ongoing COVID-19 response: Evidence from 29 sites in 23 low- and middle-income countries
- Author
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Justin Stoler, Joshua D. Miller, Alexandra Brewis, Matthew C. Freeman, Leila M. Harris, Wendy Jepson, Amber L. Pearson, Asher Y. Rosinger, Sameer H. Shah, Chad Staddon, Cassandra Workman, Amber Wutich, Sera L. Young, Ellis Adams, Farooq Ahmed, Mallika Alexander, Gershim Asiki, Mobolanle Balogun, Michael J. Boivin, Genny Carrillo, Kelly Chapman, Stroma Cole, Shalean M. Collins, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Jorge Escobar-Vargas, Hala Ghattas, Monet Ghorbani, Ashley Hagaman, Nicola Hawley, Zeina Jamaluddine, Divya Krishnakumar, Kenneth Maes, Jyoti Mathad, Jonathan Maupin, Patrick Mbullo Owuor, Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez, Milton Marin Morales, Javier Moran, Nasrin Omidvar, Sabrina Rasheed, Luisa Samayoa-Figueroa, Ernesto C. Sánchez-Rodriguez, Marianne V. Santoso, Roseanne C. Schuster, Mahdieh Sheikhi, Sonali Srivastava, Andrea Sullivan, Yihenew Tesfaye, Nathaly Triviño, Alex Trowell, Desire Tshala-Katumbay, and Raymond Tutu
- Subjects
Bathing ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Distancing ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Health Behavior ,Physical Distancing ,global health ,Sample (statistics) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Water Insecurity ,Article ,World health ,03 medical and health sciences ,WASH ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hygiene ,Environmental health ,Global health ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Developing Countries ,Poverty ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Family Characteristics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Low and middle income countries ,Communicable Disease Control ,Business ,Hand Disinfection - Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a set of public guidelines for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention measures that highlighted handwashing, physical distancing, and household cleaning. These health behaviors are severely compromised in parts of the world that lack secure water supplies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used empirical data gathered in 2017-2018 from 8,297 households in 29 sites across 23 LMICs to address the potential implications of water insecurity for COVID-19 prevention and response. These data demonstrate how household water insecurity presents many pathways for limiting personal and environmental hygiene, impeding physical distancing and exacerbating existing social and health vulnerabilities that can lead to more severe COVID-19 outcomes. In the four weeks prior to survey implementation, 45.9% of households in our sample either were unable to wash their hands or reported borrowing water from others, which may undermine hygiene and physical distancing. Further, 70.9% of households experienced one or more water-related problems that potentially undermine COVID-19 control strategies or disease treatment, including insufficient water for bathing, laundering, or taking medication; drinking unsafe water; going to sleep thirsty; or having little-to-no drinking water. These findings help identify where water provision is most relevant to managing COVID-19 spread and outcomes.
- Published
- 2020