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The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created a significant impact on the oral healthcare profession, and dentists are reported to have a higher risk of transmission. Aerosols and droplets are considered as primary reasons for the transmission of this infectious disease. Quality dental treatment may not be possible without the interference of aerosols in daily dental practice. However, dental societies and healthcare communities around the globe developed various protocols and algorithms with standard infection control protocols. Nevertheless, many unanswerable questions strike in dentist minds to start the dental practice during or post COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this review focuses on the common issues that raises in daily clinical practice and possible solutions.

Introduction: Metronidazole belongs to the nitroimidazole group of drugs, specifically anti-anaerobic in the nature and has a broad spectrum of activity against protozoa and anaerobic bacteria. Aim: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the requisite for metronidazole prescription among children with pulpal infection either during treatment or postoperatively. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was done using databases PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OVID and EBSCO Host from January 1991 to December 2015. Hand search were carried outbased on crossreferences, to find additional citations. Articles that met criteria such as randomised clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, invivo human studies were included. Search was confined to English language. The primary outcome was to evaluate the necessity of metronidazole prescription in children with pulpal pathology. Two independent evaluators were involved in the search and kappa statistics were used to evaluate intra & interexaminer reliability. Results: A total of 335 articles were available, among these, only two studies fulfilled established inclusion criteria. These available two studies were cross-sectional studies (Level III). Kappa statistics showed excellent inter and inter-examiner reliability. Conclusion: Although, metronidazole has antibacterial properties against anaerobic microorganisms, there is no clear evidence regarding its prescription among children with pulpal pathology. Further research is required to support or contradict the use of metronidazole prescription in children during or after pulp therapies.

Anticipatory guidance as a proactive developmentally based counselling technique that focuses on the need of a child at each stage of life. The prevention of dental problems is essential component of oral care particularly for haemophilic children. Parents should be educated and motivated regarding the value of prevention of dental caries, gingival and periodontal diseases, as well as dental trauma. Teething toys like a firm rubber or water filled plastic teething rings used during teething. Brushing twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste.1,000-ppm fluoride toothpaste for children under 7 years of age and 1,400-ppm fluoride toothpaste for people over 7 years of age. High sugar or acid content should be limited to mealtimes Most of the restorative procedures done without factor replacement. Use thin rubber dam, avoid retainers with sub gingival extensions, to protect interdental papilla wedged can be used. High speed vacuum saliva ejector should be used cautiously. Pulpotomy and pulpectomy is preferable to extraction. However, 30- 40% factor replacement is administered one hour prior to the extraction. This article discuss about anticipatory guidance in children with haemophilia.