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Vislumbrando a possibilidade de um novo negócio o empreendedor se depara com as dificuldades do ambiente e com a deterioração das condições econômicas do Brasil, tais aspectos têm estimulado as pessoas a imigrarem, levando consigo o sonho de empreender. Este artigo teve como objetivo geral identificar o grau de Orientação Empreendedora (OE) existente nos brasileiros que optaram por investir seus esforços e iniciaram novos empreendimentos nos EUA. Para alcançar este objetivo, fez-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, com o uso de modelagem de equações estruturais, utilizando o software SmartPLS, a partir de dados primários. A população desta pesquisa é composta por 3.657 empresários brasileiros estabelecidos nos Estados Unidos que estão cadastrados na Associação Brasileira de Empreendedores nos Estados Unidos, a amostra compreende 107 empreendedores. Para gerar os resultados, inicialmente estimou-se o modelo no PLS com todas as questões originais de cada construto, na sequencia, avaliou-se quais possuíram um bom ajuste, na sequencia se avaliou a validade discriminante e a confiabilidade, vencidas estas etapas pode-se verificar os coeficientes estruturais e R2 para então chegar no modelo final. Identificou-se a partir dos dados da pesquisa que a amostra estudada possui as características propostas por Miller (1983) nas seguintes proporções: 56% para inovação, 78% para pró-atividade e 73% para tomada de risco. Esses valores caracterizam os brasileiros que imigraram para os EUA com um comportamento altamente pró-ativo, se comprometem fortemente com a tomada de risco e apostam medianamente nas inovações.

Since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002, it has become commonplace in the advertising industry to use creativity-award-show prizes instead of gross income figures to attract new customers. Therefore, achieving a top creativity ranking and winning creativity awards have become high priorities in the advertising industry. Agencies and marketers have always wondered what elements in the advertising creation process would lead to the winning of creativity awards. Although this debate has been dominated by pure speculation about the success of different routines, approaches and strategies in winning creativity awards, for the first time our study delivers an empirical insight into the key drivers of creativity award success. We investigate what strategies and which elements of an advertising campaign are truly likely to lead to winning the maximum number of creativity awards. Using a sample of 108 campaigns, we identify factors that influence campaign success at international advertising award shows. We identify innovativeness and the integration of multiple channels as the key drivers of creativity award success. In contrast to industry beliefs, meaningful or personally connecting approaches do not seem to generate a significant benefit in terms of winning creativity awards. Finally, our data suggest that the use of so-called “fake campaigns” to win more creativity awards does not prove to be effective.

The entrepreneurship is widely considered as a solution for economic problems. The number of young people who start a new business is in increasing. The students’ motivation for choosing entrepreneurship is the research purpose of this paper. A survey developed in Alba Iulia, on a number of 100 students’ points out the relevant motivation why young people choose entrepreneurial alternative. The results showed that most of the actual students would choose to be entrepreneurs because they want to improve their life standards, to explore new business opportunities and to have a social status. In conclusion, the teachers, the governmental authorities and all the others interested in stimulating the entrepreneurial motivation should their words and actions affect potential entrepreneurs’ perceptions of entrepreneurial feasibility and net desirability.

A unique dataset of over 70,000 firms, most of which are small, in over 100 countries, is utilized to systematically study the use of different financing sources for new and young firms. Consistent age-related patterns emerge. Across all countries younger firms rely less on bank financing and more on informal financing. There is a clear substitution effect: as firms mature, more firms switch out of informal finance toward bank finance, while the total proportion of firms using external finance remains relatively unchanged. Importantly, these relationships hold for firms of different sizes, firms in different sectors, and firms located in countries with different income levels and on different continents. Thus, these patterns of young firm financing show clear universal tendencies. Given that even small firms increasingly use formal bank financing over time, these results suggest that information asymmetry plays an important role in decreasing a young firm's ability to obtain bank finance.

As we think about the last several decades and what has really moved the needle in international development, we can't help but acknowledge the revolution in financial services to the poor that has grown into the multi-billion dollar micro-finance industry.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect the creation of new firms. We take into consideration economic, political, social and technological factors which should also help governments realize the areas that we found to have the greatest impact. The study relies on data from international organizations from which we construct an ordered probit statistical analysis. The results indicate that investments in both ICT and education enhance the probability of generating new business.

This paper investigates the impact of new firms' quality on the magnitude of their employment effects. Our results clearly show that the quality of start-ups, measured by their affiliation with sectors and innovative industries, strongly influences the direct and the overall employment contribution of new firms. In particular, start-ups in manufacturing industries generate larger direct and overall growth effects than those in services. Moreover, new businesses in innovative manufacturing and in knowledge-intensive service industries make a larger direct contribution to employment than start-ups affiliated with other industries. We also find a relatively strong overall effect of new business formation in knowledge-intensive service industries. However, the impact of start-ups in innovative manufacturing industries on overall regional employment growth is not statistically significant, which may be mainly due to their rather small share in all start-ups and because they impact more on firms and employment in other regions than do start-ups in non-innovative manufacturing. Finally, we discuss the implications for entrepreneurship policy that can be derived from our findings.

The extraordinary growth of the Irish economy - the 'Celtic Tiger' - since the mid-1990s has attracted a great deal of interest, commentary and research. Indeed, many countries are now looking to Ireland as an economic development role model, and The Sapir Report (2003) has suggested that Ireland should be seen as providing key lessons for other EU countries with regards to realising the objectives set out in the Lisbon Agenda.Much of the discussion of Ireland's growth has focussed around growth triggers such as: the long term consequences of fiscal stabilisation of the late 1980s; EU structural funds; education; wage moderation; devaluations of the Irish punt. From an industrial policy perspective, the focus has been on the importance of FDI inflows and to a lesser extent on the performance of an indigenous stock of firms to Ireland's growth record. A notable absence from the industrial policy discourse on the 'Celtic Tiger' has been any consideration of the role of new business venture creation and entrepreneurship. In this paper we use unpublished annual Irish VAT data for the period 1988-2004 to provide the first detailed look at national and regional trends in business birth and death rates in Ireland. We also undertake a sub-national analysis of the Irish VAT data to understand more clearly the importance of new venture creation to past and emerging spatial trends in Ireland. Our conclusion is that new business formation made no detectable contribution to the acceleration of Ireland's growth in the late 1990s.

El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un análisis explícito de cómo la estructura de la propiedad de una empresa y el grado de concentración de ésta influyen en su supervivencia. Para ello se analizan 399 empresas del sector confección de las Comunidades Autónomas de Madrid y de Cataluña. Los resultados indican que existe evidencia empírica para afirmar que la estructura de la propiedad afecta a la supervivencia de las empresas nuevas (con menos de cinco años de vida), no observándose la misma influencia en las empresas maduras (con más de cinco años de vida). The purpose of this study is to provide an explicit analysis of how a company’s ownership structure and degree of concentration influence its survival. Basing our hypotheses on network theory contributions, 399 confection companies in Spanish Autonomous Communities of Madrid and Catalonia are analysed. Results provide empirical evidence to support that ownership structure affects survival of new companies (less than five years old), an effect which is not observed in more mature companies (more than five years old).

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-08-05T16:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Regina Frota Vasconcellos Dias.pdf: 2429240 bytes, checksum: 8255c9d0dc8c3b5273f12e3fef220a4d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T16:12:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Regina Frota Vasconcellos Dias.pdf: 2429240 bytes, checksum: 8255c9d0dc8c3b5273f12e3fef220a4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 The role that knowledge acquired from failure can play in business environment, in recent years, has shown a relevant interest in entrepreneurship. In this scenario, this study aims to analyze how business failure provides entrepreneurial knowledge for entrepreneurs of micro and small enterprises in creating new business. Therefore, we proceeded to the integration of two conceptual research models from the insertion of Cope's learning journey (2011) in the bulge of the framing outlined by Politis (2005) on entrepreneurial learning. We described the entrepreneurial career experiences until business interruption, as well as the learning journeys. Apart from that, we analyzed the learning dimensions of business failure addressing the transformation of career experience into entrepreneurial knowledge. We adopted a qualitative research design with an in depth exploratory approach (Mason, 1996), which is characterized by a longitudinal cross-sectional view. Eight entrepreneurs were selected by convenience and availability. We used snowball methodological technique and the contacts were established by appointment with several entrepreneurs in the study area. For gathering data, it was decided to use interviews based on script and they were applied between May 2013 and October 2014. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, classified, coded and analyzed. We used the thematic content analysis taking narrative as basis. Given the evolution of entrepreneurial learning process and the consequent acquisition of knowledge through lived experiences, the research found out that all entrepreneurs, in the time they faced the failure of their business, showed a spontaneous and instant reflexive action, because they did not fall inert in face of the reasons that led them to slow down and close their activities. Thus, we infer that this knowledge is suitable to increase the ability of understanding and interpreting new events and circumstances, and thus, overcoming the adversities and obstacles concerning entrepreneurial activity, enable entrepreneurs to open a new business. Finally, we present theoretical and practical contributions of this study, as well as the research limitations and suggestions for further researches. O papel que a experi??ncia advinda do insucesso pode desempenhar no ambiente empresarial, nos ??ltimos anos, tem apresentado um relevante interesse para o empreendedorismo. Nesse cen??rio, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como o insucesso empresarial propicia aprendizagem empreendedora em empreendedores de micro e pequenas empresas que criaram novos neg??cios. Para tanto, procedeu-se a integra????o de dois modelos conceituais de pesquisa a partir da inser????o da jornada de aprendizagem de Cope (2011) no bojo da sistem??tica delineada por Politis (2005) sobre aprendizagem empreendedora. Foram descritas as experi??ncias de carreira empreendedora at?? a descontinuidade dos neg??cios, assim como as jornadas de aprendizagem. Al??m disso, foram analisadas as dimens??es de aprendizagem do insucesso empresarial abordando a transforma????o da experi??ncia de carreira em conhecimento empreendedor. Foi adotado um delineamento de pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem explorat??ria e em profundidade (MASON, 1996), que se caracterizou pelo corte seccional com perspectiva longitudinal. Oito empreendedores foram selecionados por conveni??ncia e disponibilidade. Utilizou-se a t??cnica metodol??gica snowball e os contatos foram estabelecidos por indica????o com v??rios empreendedores na ??rea de estudo. Para a coleta de dados optou-se por entrevistas baseadas em roteiro, que foram realizadas entre maio de 2013 e outubro de 2014, e que foram gravadas, transcritas, classificadas, codificadas e analisadas. Utilizou-se a an??lise tem??tica do conte??do tendo a narrativa como alicerce. Dada a evolu????o do processo de aprendizagem empreendedora e a consequente aquisi????o de conhecimento a partir das experi??ncias vivenciadas, a pesquisa constatou que todos os empreendedores, ao tempo em que se depararam com o insucesso de suas empreitadas, apresentaram uma a????o reflexiva imediata e espont??nea, pois n??o se quedaram inertes frente aos motivos que os levaram a desacelerar e encerrar suas atividades. Sendo assim, infere-se que tais conhecimentos s??o aptos a incrementar a capacidade de entender e interpretar novos eventos e circunst??ncias e, ent??o, atrav??s da supera????o das adversidades e dos obst??culos inerentes a atividade empresarial, habilitar os empreendedores para a cria????o de um novo neg??cio. Por derradeiro, s??o apresentadas as contribui????es te??ricas e pr??ticas deste estudo, assim como as limita????es da pesquisa e as sugest??es para pesquisas futuras.