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Salivary glands of mosquitoes play an important role in food ingestion and digestion as well as transmission of pathogens. Mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by salivary glands which secrete proteins that work against the haemostasis process. So, the identification of these protein contents in the salivary glands of Culex antennatus (males and females) is the aim of this study. In the present study, protein banding pattern (Native and SDS PAGE) of salivary glands of adult Culex antennatus (un-fed, sugar-fed, starved and blood-fed) was investigated. Males and females of Cx. antennatus were dissected and their salivary glands were collected at un-fed stage, 0-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24- h after sugar feeding and starved stage. Female salivary glands were additionally collected at different stages of blood feeding (probing time, partial engorgement, full engorgement, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48- and 72- h. after blood meal and after oviposition. Results of native-PAGE demonstrated that there were differences in the overall protein banding pattern in salivary glands of males and females of Cx. antennatus in the cases of un-fed, sugar-fed and starved stages. Differences in salivary gland proteins were observed when comparing males of all stages, too. Differences in salivary gland proteins were also noticed when comparing females of all stages. Furthermore, all blood-feeding stages of females showed differences in salivary gland proteins when compared to sugar-fed and starved females. Results of SDS-PAGE clarified that the molecular weight of the separated proteins (in all stages) ranged from 317.36 to 10.91 KDa. Differences were also observed between males and females in the cases of un-fed, sugar-fed and starved stages of Cx. antennatus.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the quality of service from customers' perspective. With an enormous growth in internet banking, this paper discusses how banks can be competitive by providing quality services.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a questionnaire survey conducted in Saudi Arabia. Based on an extensive review of literature, the paper uses empirical research to analyse service quality of internet banking services provided by banks in Saudi Arabia.FindingsResults based on a factor analysis identify three factors that influence users' evaluation of service quality of internet banking services. These factors are labelled as “efficiency and security”, “fulfilment” and “responsiveness”.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is useful for banks in order to improve service quality and retain/gain a share of the market in a highly competitive industry.Practical implicationsThe findings are important to enable bank managers to have a better understanding of customers' perception of service quality of internet banking and consequently of how to improve their satisfaction with respect to the online aspects of service quality.Originality/valueThis paper makes a valuable contribution given the fact that there are only a limited number of comprehensive studies dealing with the assessment of electronic service quality in banking environment.

This paper undertakes a case study of a business school within a leading university in the Middle East, which has implemented a quality system and has gained accreditation by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International. The paper reviews the development of the quality system and examines the concept of service quality in business education. The aim of this study is to address the paucity of service quality research in business education in this region. Empirical research is used to determine the factors that influence student evaluation of service quality. With data collected from 310 students, the study identifies six factors that influence students’ evaluations of service quality. Research implications of the study are then discussed.

Although rare, extracranial carotid aneurysms are common enough to be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass in the neck or posterior pharynx. The unexpected finding of an aneurysm of the carotid artery during the biopsy of a mass in the neck for histologic diagnosis could be catastrophic. The case presented demonstrates the importance of diagnostic imaging of the neck prior to biopsy of a clinically presumed solid mass.

While recent research has focused on the assessment and underlying dimensions of electronic service quality, few studies have focused on examining this relationship with customer loyalty and value. This paper examines the relationship between internet service quality and customer loyalty and value. Banks providing internet services in Saudi Arabia have been chosen for this study. Results based on a survey of internet-banking customers in Saudi Arabia reveal that all the five dimensions, namely, efficiency, system availability, fulfilment, privacy and responsiveness are significant determinants of loyalty to internet-banking users in Saudi Arabia. However, only three dimensions, namely, efficiency, fulfilment and privacy are significant determinants of value to internet-banking users in Saudi Arabia. Managerial implications of the findings are outlined and discussed.