Search

Arguments on the investigation of the DarkMatter particles in the galactic halo are addressed. Recent results obtained by exploiting the annual modulation signature are summarized and the perspectives are discussed.

The DAMA/NaI experiment (≃ 100 kg highly radiopure NaI(Tl)) at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N. had the unique feature to effectively investigate the presence of Dark Matter particle in the galactic halo by exploiting the model independent annual modulation signature. With a total exposure of more than 10 5 kg × day, collected over seven annual cycles, it has pointed out at 6.3 σ C.L. an effect which satisfies all the many peculiarities of the signature. Neither systematics nor side reactions able to account for the observed effect were found. No experiment whose result can be directly compared in a model independent way with the experimental one of DAMA/NaI is available so far. Several (but still few with respect to the possibilities) corollary model dependent quests for the candidate particle have also been carried out. At present the second generation DAMA/LIBRA set-up (≃ 250 kg highly radiopure NaI(Tl)) is in operation. Positive model dependent hints have also been pointed out by indirect searches for Dark Matter particles in space experiments and are not in contradiction with DAMA/NaI. Thus, the ongoing of model independent experiment deep underground and the new space experiments foreseen in incoming years will certainly further increase our knowledge of the field.

In this paper, the model independent annual modulation effect observed by DAMA during four independent experiments of one annual cycle each (57986 kg $\times$ day total statistics) is analysed in terms of a particle dark matter candidate which can only inelastically scatter by making a transition to a slightly heavier state, as previously suggested in the literature.

An investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature is in progress at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N. by means of the similar or equal to 100 kg NaI(TI) DAMA set-up; the results obtained during four annual cycles have already been published. In this paper we will further address in some details the main arguments, which have allowed us to exclude known systematic effects as a possible source of the annual modulation observed in the rate at very low energy. In particular. the (more recently released) data of the DAMA/NaI-3 and DAMA/NaI-4 running periods are considered as quantitative examples.

DAMA is an observatory for rare processes based on the development and use of various kinds of radiopure scintillators; it is operative deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.M. Several low background set-ups have been realized and many rare processes have been investigated. In particular, the DAMA/NaI set-up ( similar or equal to 100 kg highly radiopure NaI(T1)) has effectively investigated the model- independent annual modulation signature, obtaining from the data of seven annual cycles (total exposure of 107731 kg x day) a 6.3 sigma C.L. modelindependent evidence for the presence of a Dark Matter particle component in the galactic halo. Moreover, some of the many possible corollary model-dependent quests for the candidate particle have also been investigated. At present, the second generation DAMA/LIBRA set-up ( similar or equal to 250 kg highly radiopure NaI(T1)) is in operation deep underground.

The about 100 kg highly radiopure NaI(Tl) set-up of the DAMA project (DAMA/NaI) took data over seven annual cycles up to July 2002 and has achieved results on various rare processes. Its main aim has actually been the exploitation of the model independent WIMP annual modulation signature. After this conference the total exposure, collected during the seven annual cycles, was released. This cumulative exposure (107731 kg day) has given a model independent evidence for the presence of a Dark Matter particle component in the galactic halo at 6.3 sigma C.L.; this main result is summarised here. Some of the many possible corollary model dependent quests for the candidate particle are mentioned. At present, after about five years of new developments, a second generation low background set-up (DAMA/LIBRA with a mass of about 250 kg NaI(Tl)) was built and is taking data since March 2003. New R&D efforts toward a possible NaI(Tl) ton set-up, we proposed in 1996, have been funded and started in 2003., Contributed paper to the Conf. "Beyond the Desert 03", Rindberg Castle, Germany, June 2003

DAMA is searching for rare processes by developing and using several kinds of radiopure scintillators: NaI(Tl), liquid Xenon and CaF2(Eu). Here, in particular, results achieved during four annual cycles with a model independent analysis and with model dependent ones in the investigation of the so-called WIMP annual modulation signature are summarized.

In this paper the possibility of searching for neutrino oscillations with an artificial neutrino source is discussed and a comparison with reactor experiments is carried out.

DAMA experiment is an observatory for rare events mainly devoted to WIMP search at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N.. In this paper, the results obtained with the similar or equal to 100 kg NaI(Tl) set-up will be summarized, pointing out in particular those regarding the investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature.

DAMA is an observatory for rare processes based on the development and use of various kinds of radiopure scintillators. Several low background set‐ups have been realized with time passing and many rare processes have been investigated. Results achieved in the first four annual cycles investigating the WIMP annual modulation signature will be mainly addressed. Next perspectives are also mentioned.

In this conference the model-independent result on the presence of dark-matter paticles in the galactic halo obtained over seven annual cycles by the 100kg highly radiopure NaI(T1) DAMA/NaI has been presented and several corollary investigations have also been discussed. More recently the model-independent result obtaind over the first four annual cycles by the second generation 250kg highly radiopure NaI(T1) DAMA/LIBRA set-up at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN has also been released. Both the experiments have the unique feature to effectively investigate the presence of dark-matter particles in the galactic halo by exploiting the model-independent annual modulation signature. The data collected by the two experiments over elevn annual cycles for a total exposure of 0.82ton x y have pointed out at 8.2 sigma CL a positive result; several corollary model-dependent quests for the candidate particle(s) and related astrophysical, nuclear and particle physics scenarios are under updating. The future experimental activity can give rise to many new interesting results.

DAMA. is searching for rare processes by developing and using several kinds of radiopure scintillators. In particular, here the results released so far on the WIMP annual modulation signature are discussed and next perspectives are shortly addressed.

DAMA is an observatory for rare processes based on the development and use of various kinds of radiopure scintillators. Several low background set-ups have been realized with time passing and many rare processes have been investigated. In particular, the DAMA/NaI set-up (similar or equal to 100 kg highly radiopure NaI(Tl)) has been realized in order to investigate the model independent annual modulation signature for Dark Matter particles in the galactic halo. With the total exposure collected during seven annual cycles (107731 kg x day), it has pointed out a model independent evidence for the presence of a Dark Matter particle component in the galactic halo at 6.3 sigma c.l..

DAMA is searching for particle Dark Matter deep underground in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N. by using several kinds of scintillators, acting as target-detector systems. In particular, here recent results achieved by means of the highly radiopure ≃ 100 kg NaI(Tl) set-up in the investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature are summarized. They refer to four annual cycles (57986.0 kgxday). Another year of statistics is now available and efforts to further increase the sensitivity of the experiment are also in progress.

DAMA is searching for particle Dark Matter deep underground in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N. by using several kinds of scintillators, acting as target-detector systems. Results on several other kinds of rare event searches are also achieved. In particular, here recent results obtained by means of the highly radiopure similar or equal to 100 kg NaI(T1) set-up in the investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature are summarized. They refer to four annual cycles (57986.0 kgxday). The data collection for a 5-th annual cycle has been completed in July 2000. New electronics and data acquisition system have been then installed and data taking will start again in fall 2000. Moreover, the realization of an about 250 kg NaI(T1) set-up is in progress to further increase the sensitivity of the experiment.

DAMA is searching for rare processes by developing and using several kinds of radiopure scintillators: in particular, NaI(Tl), liquid Xenon and CaF2(Eu). Here more recent results are summarized with particular attention to the investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature.