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The study is to verify employee satisfaction significance with Attrition in reference to employees working in non-listed IT companies, using multi-variants like income, attitude, comfort, caution, HR policies, bench resources, the overall process, poaching, work culture etc. grouped under the head of Personal factors, Organizational Factors and Behavioral factors. Workers perform better with employee satisfaction, otherwise, they just leave the organization. There are various factors enhancing employee satisfaction. The findings are reliable as the study is evaluated using SEM analysis which is the latest analysis. The output result of this paper is to help Human Resource / Personnel managers to get equipped with knowledge of the relevance of employee satisfaction and turnover. The solution from the study is to help and motivate the Human Resource managers to build a bigger team and better growth to benefit the employers. Keywords: Organizational factor, Behavioral, Personal factors.

Introduction: Although, there are increasing awareness towards patient-centered approaches which have a positive impact on adherence to treatment, self-management and patient satisfaction. There is...

Privatization is a broad concept in economics. It comprises various operations, such as the introduction of private capital, the selling of government-owned assets, and transition to a private economy. Consequently, three major attributes of privatization are as follows: (1) ownership measures, (2) organizational measures, and (3) operational measures. Ownership measures refer to the transformation of the ownership of public enterprises to private owners. Organizational measures relate to the limitation of the state control in public companies. These involve the employment of methods for the leasing and restructuring of the enterprises. Operational measures concern the way to improve the profitability and efficiency of public enterprises.

The Indian Fast Food Industry has witnessed high growth strides in the past years, with increasing disposable income, exposure to a number of cuisines and consumers’ willingness to experiment a mix of both western and local menu. Apart from this, busy life schedule, standardized food and less time consuming processes are also fuelling the demand from domestic consumers in the industry.ChicKing is one such fast food conglomerate, specializing on fried chicken using a special recipe, spanning over a network of more than 70 outlets world over. This paper tends to analyze the buyer behaviour towards fast food restaurants based a on a questionnaire survey administered on the customers of 3 branches of ChickingRestaurant in Malappuram district of Kerala. The evaluations were done based on the responses marked in the 105 completely filled questionnaires among the total 150 circulated. Statistical tools like Percentage Analysis and Weighted Average Score test have been used for meaningful analysis and clear presentation. This study flashes light upon some unknown factors regarding the buyer behaviour towards fast food restaurants.

Interpersonal conflict in work place is a potential problem that organizations can neither avoid nor encourage. It's a potential problem faced by the managers cited in literature, observed in practice as well. While eliminating interpersonal conflict from the work place which is a tough task, managing such conflict could be beneficial to organizations such as services enterprises. Hence, the present work is aimed at developing the scheme of things that can be beneficial to the services enterprises in terms of organizational conflict sources and its inadvertent resolution styles. Based on the survey data generated from 550 employees working in various service firms, the outcome of three independent multiple regression model conceived in the present work confirms the existence of dependency relationship between the conflict sources such as Perceived organizational politics, Perceived uncivil behavior, Perceived organizational injustice and the conflict resolution strategies such as integrating style, obliging style, dominating style, avoiding style and compromising style in services settings. The corresponding findings and implications constitute the outcome associated with this work.

Information is an important aspect in our life. Information or knowledge about the product he intends to purchase is very important for a customer. Similarly, knowledge about the sources from where the customers are getting information is very vital for a marketer for channelizing his marketing communications in such a way that it will reach his target customers in the right way at minimal cost. In that context, the present study is intended to investigate and identify the information sources through which customers are gathering information on two-wheelers and the relative importance of these sources on their purchase decision. This study also tends to analyze the effects of the socio-economic characteristics of consumers on these information sources. This study is based on a questionnaire survey conducted among 681 Two-wheeler users in Malappuram district of Kerala. Statistical tools like Chi-square analysis, ANOVA, Z-Test, Multiple Correlation, Multiple Regression and Friedman Test has been used for the meaningful analysis and interpretation of data. This study will be a ready reckoner for the two-wheeler manufacturing companies and dealers to identify the sources of information which the customers consider to be the most reliable and highly influential in their selection of two-wheeler brands/models. The findings of this study will equip them to make their marketing efforts to be more customers centric and will also facilitate them in the selection of the right medium for communicating with the customers.

Physical comfort and emotional support are principal components of patient-centred care in healthcare delivery, however, they are not given much importance by researchers in India. Furthermore, pre...

This paper deals with the job involvement and organizational effectiveness among the employees in the car industry setting. The study mainly concentrates on the dimensions such as job involvement, organizational effectiveness, and performance. The primary purpose of the present study is to measure the impact of job involvement in organization effectiveness in the industry. And it also suggests various measures to build job involvement and organizational effectiveness there possible. The data for the research work was collected through the method of questionnaire schedule. To prove the research hypothesis the various tests such as Chi-square and Correlation are being used. Study shows that job involvement is influenced by job satisfaction and organizational commitment towards the organizational effectiveness. INTRODUCTION Job involvement is a concept that is generally viewed as managing discretionary effort, that is, when employees have choices, they will act in a way that furthers their organization’s interests. Job involvement is defined as the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her work and the importance of the work in the person’s total self-image (Lodahl T, Kejner M 1965). Employee work attitudes and found that while advice giving and advice receiving were positively related to job involvement, only advice receiving was positively related to work-unit commitment. Job involvement is strongly affected and can be perceived as a reflection of work experiences. Individuals may become involved in their jobs in response to specific attributes of the work situation. Organizational effectiveness is critical to success for any organization. In order to achieve greater effectiveness organizations should have sound policies and apt execution of those laid down policies. In an effective working environment employees themselves is accountable for all that happens around their work and take responsibility for the same. Performance results direct attention to individual and corporate productivity and efficiency. Highly effective organizations have a clearly defined bottom line and every employee knows how they contribute to the success of the organization. Employees are routinely informed about the organization’s progress toward established goals and objectives. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Kanungo (1982) contended that job involvement tended to be a function of how much the job can satisfy an employee’s immediate needs. Furthermore, job involvement refers to an employee’s psychological connection to his or her job. In addition, he found that individuals who demonstrated high work involvement also considered their jobs a significant part of who they are. Joiner and Bakalis (2006) suggested that job involvement describes how interested, enmeshed, and engrossed the worker is in the goals, culture, and tasks of a given organization. The construct of job involvement is somewhat similar to organizational commitment in that they are both concerned with an employee’s identification with the work experience. However the constructs differ in that job involvement is more closely associated with identification with one’s immediate work activities whereas organizational commitment refers to one’s attachment to the organization Khan, T et.al (2011). Mudrack and Murrell (2008) investigate the relationship between advice-giving, advice-receiving and employee work attitudes to found the value of job involvement and they found that while advice-giving and advice receiving were positively related to job involvement, only advice receiving was positively related to work-unit commitment. Job involvement is strongly affected and can be perceived as a reflection of work experiences. Individuals may become involved in their jobs in response to specific attributes of the work situation. They hypothesized that highly job involved employees will put forth substantial effort towards the achievement of organizational objectives and are less likely to turnover. Blau and Meyer (1987) found an interaction between job involvement and organizational commitment to be significantly related to employee turnover regardless of gender, tenure, and martial status utilizing the ordinary least squares regression model. Blau and Meyer originally utilized employee categories to clarify the meaning of workers in relation to workplace behaviors including task related efforts and withdrawal 51 behaviors. Specifically, employee’s who exhibited both high commitment and high job involvement as Institutional Stars, employees with high job involvement and low organizational commitment were identified as Lone Wolves, employees with low job involvement and high organizational commitment who were more likely to have a strong organizational identification, Corporate Citizens, and Apathetic represented employee’s who possessed low job involvement and low affective commitment. Moreover, in the analysis of employee categories, Hafer and Martin (2006) argued apathetic employee’s contributed the least to workplace goals and had the tendency to act indifferent to other employees and the organization on a whole. Hallberg and Schaufeli (2006) stated that work engagement of job involvement and organizational commitment were factors that referred to an employee’s positive attachment to work, which also included a reciprocal efforts between an employee and the organization. Job involvement had primarily been identified as a variable influenced by “personal” intrinsic factors and attitudes. Participative (collaborative) work environments are workforces that encourage and support job involvement. Scott et al. (2003) argued that in order for a collaborative workforce to be achieved, employees must be willing to work beyond the call of duty and they must be committed to the organization. SCOPE & SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY More involved persons are successful at work, because of their interest towards the goals and objectives of an organi

Objectives: The purposefulness of the paper is to examine the significance of independence in corporate governance, issues and challenges that independent directors have to face and the importance of culture and communication. Analysis and Findings: The paper investigates how a firm’s governance maps between corporate governance and independent directors. Corporate Governance is a fundamental significance to an establishment as it undoubtedly augments a company’s image in the public. It is about establishing values and principles into every aspect of business. It acts as a pillar for the reliability and stability of any establishment. When performed successfully, it can prevent corporate humiliations, counterfeit, civil and criminal liabilities of the company. The importance of independence in corporate governance is vital and an essential component for efficiency. However, corporate governance structures differ from country to country and thus largely influenced by culture. Communication between management, independent directors, stakeholders, shareholders and customers who do not share a common language or culture can always become a concern. Further independent directors are perceived as the key boundary between management, then, they are understood as the marginal shareholders or stakeholders. Needless to state, to improve corporate governance independent directors with excellent business tactics, dedication, cultural tolerance and positive attitude are essential since this helps remarkably in the growth of a company. However, to achieve an effective role in protecting the company’s objective in terms of sustainable grow this a remarkable challenge. This is because of strong review from stakeholders, substantial demands imposed and an increase in overall difficulty of the business setting and cultural exchanges. The high competency of independent directors and understanding the cultural aspects of the country by management would make corporate governance a great success. If an implementation of effective corporate governance joined with communication and diversity awareness, the revenue and market share improves along with enhancing image of the business.

Change is the only constant factor in this dynamic world and banking is not an exception. The changes staring in the face of bankers relates to the fundamental way of banking-which is undergoing rapid transformation in the world of today, in response to the forces of completion productivity and efficiency of operations, reduced operating margins better asset/liability management, risk management, any time and any where banking. The major challenge faced by banks today is to protect the falling margins due to the impact of competition. Another significant impact of banks today is the technology issue. In this study the business banking products of HDFC bank, that best suits the needs of the borrower were analysed. The Customer feels that loans to be obtained require a process that is extremely complicating and time consuming. This calls for an ombudsman setup separately for the domain. The observation and findings of the study have helped to give useful recommendation to bank. The implementation of the suggestion can help to improve strategies and build competencies over that of their competitors. This study has there by helped me by giving exposure into new concepts in today’s banking scenario as the interface shifts from service to products. There has also been some insight into competency recognition.

Extensive literature review on organizational politics reveals that Job Burnout, Job anxiety, Turnover Intention and Absenteeism are its inevitable outcomes.....

‘Consumer is king’ –the statement carries profound truth in it. Today the success of any firm depends upon the satisfaction of consumers. For satisfying the consumers the firm should know about the behavior of the consumers. In these circumstances understanding consumer is a very difficult task because of the changing technology, innovation, and changes in life style. Researchers conducted many research in this area, and they given only few suggestion, but there is no final conclusion. As per the ideas given by the researchers, there are two factors influencing the consumers such as intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is difficult to classify consumers by conventional demographic factors and unless their thought process and buying behavior are fully understood, decisions on product designs and packaging, branding and distribution channels are likely to be misplaced. With the inevitability of change looming large over the horizon, Indian companies must learn from their western counterparts; not only to identify the sources, timing and direction of the changes likely to affect India, but also the new competencies and perspective that will enable them to respond to these changes, comprehensively and effectively. This study mainly focus on understanding the external factors like demographic, social, cultural ,price, quality ,product attributes etc for buying toothpaste. The market share of any product is highly determined by the purchasing behavior of the consumers. Following study is conducted by the researcher to find out the behavior of the consumers, to analyze the preference of consumers, & consumer awareness. Descriptive research design was adopted and the data is collected through primary and secondary sources. The method adopted for conducting survey is questionnaire; Simple random sampling technique was adopted for selecting the consumers.

Learning should be fast, relevant and integrated into day-to-day work patterns. One way of doing this is through elearning. E-learning has created favorable conditions for rural college students to compete with the urban ones. The article examines whether the rural students of Nagapattinam district (Tamilnadu) are having the impact of e-learning. The research is based on sample survey of rural students from the Engineering College and Arts and Science College.

are number of spinners of yarn integrating forward to set up knitting plant; textile process house and then further integrating forward to become makers of garments. The amount of investments in terms of plant & machinery and overheads in the integrated garment industry is quite high as compared to other knitwear clusters and thus requires efficient management for timely return on investments. In spite of the fact that the Tirupur town is reeling under due to acute infrastructural shortage, knitwear exporters are able to make a distinct mark in the international sourcing map of the textile industries for they worked as a group and helped each others for a common cause. Tirupur textile industry has units all along the value chain of knitwear starting from spinning, knitting wet processing, printing, garment manufacturing and exports. Entire Tirupur cluster generates direct employment for over 300,000 persons. During 1981 Tirupur had very meager share of 15% of the total knitwear exports from India and by the year 2000 its shares reached a formidable figure of 51%. Now the industry has spread over magnificently upto 4500 units covering 80% of total knitwear exports of India and thus earning huge amount of foreign exchange for our country. It is expected that Tirupur exports will grow much faster and higher than the rest of India’s export economy.

The employment culture is changing in Chennai. It is now relatively common to change jobs frequently, rather than to grow with one company throughout the employment life. This kind of voluntary turnover directly affects the performance of the organization. So now all organizations are highly concerned to keep their valuable employees. Each day completed by an employee is an investment to an organization; to leave before the full term is to get no return on the investment. As banking is one of the vital service industry for any country and performing a number of roles in the economy, so it has been chosen by the researchers for this study. Like all other industries, banking sector in our country is also facing the same employee turnover problem. It is needless to say, healthy banking system and healthy economies seem to go together. In order to ensure that, banking sectors should focus on the factors, which are primarily responsible for employees leaving the organization. This paper mainly tries to focus on organization politics as perceived reason of employees of financial sector for leaving decision from their existing organizations.

This study aims to incorporate Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for measuring the effectiveness of the TV broadcast advertisements (toothpaste) by discovering important factors that influence the advertisement effectiveness. The information about the effects of each of these factors has been studied and it is used for measuring the advertisement effectiveness. Fifty attributes are examined to derive values from thirteen factors. These thirteen factors are used as input to ANN model. The data collected from 837 respondents are used for training and testing the ANN. The backpropagation algorithm is used for adjusting the weights in the ANN. Experimental results show that the ANN model achieves 99% accuracy for measuring the advertisement effectiveness.

In recent years, rural markets have attained significance, as the overall growth of the economy has resulted into substantial increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. We see a huge thrust by marketers in to rural markets triggered by saturating urban markets and huge rural potential very much reflected in growing demand. This upsurge in the rural demand has its genesis in people's recognition of their otherwise latent needs brought to their consciousness largely by their marketer's efforts. And their own increased interaction riding on the growing reach of media, of course apart from in- creased purchasing power. Television allows marketers to show and tell a wide audience your business, product, or service. This paper is an attempt to find out the impact of TV advertisement on the buying behaviour of rural consumers. A survey was conducted on 60 respondents chosen from Annur village in Coimbatore district. The results indicate that the advertisements provide much knowledge to the consumers about the products and also influence them in purchasing the product.

The purpose of this study is to explore the individual perceptions about integrating spirituality in manage- ment and to assess the benefits of spirituality towards organizational performance. This paper focuses on the impact of spirituality in management for performance improvement. The methodology adopted involves descriptive field study using a structured questionnaire as the research instrument with statistical analysis to arrive at the results. The results of the study reveal that people are positive about integrating spirituality into management and it is viewed as a highly ac- ceptable and beneficial concept in the workplace, especially in the current turbulent economic situation in the world. Also it is noted that several individuals and organizations are attempting to modify their way of working to include spirituality in the workplace as well as in business.

Modern administrative systems have become more and more information-based. This has profoundly altered the environment in which governments, citizens and other organizations operate. It has also impacted the way in which new systems are being designed. E-Governance is the outgrowth of the efforts made by the governments to improve relations with their citizens. With its ingrained transparency and openness, given the principles of Internet, E-Governance brings governments more closely to their citizens. Therefore, E-Governance has a larger social angle, as it ensures a more wide and representative democracy. Governments have also embraced Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the form of E-Governance for better service delivery and information dissemination to citizens (G-2-C) and for intra government transactions (G-2-G). With technological revolution, it is easier for the governments to maintain consistent and cordial relationship with citizens and other government departments. It is a strategic opportunity for the governments to harness Information Technology to provide service excellence by increasing the efficiency of service and information delivery to citizens; build and strengthen the links and cooperation between government; its citizens and stakeholders; realize operational and financial efficiencies; assist in community building and outreach; and build an environment which encourages innovation. New technologies demand new types of implementation models. In the conventional approach of e-governance, the project ownership lies with the public sector itself along with the responsibility for funding it and bearing the entire risk. E-Governance has several dimensions and that implementation of a comprehensive programme of e-government involves a multi-sectored approach. The successful use and adoption of E-Governance initiatives is largely dependent on the proposed or managed technical environment. Most prominent theories regarding the effectiveness of E-Governance place the technical environment in a prominent position as a determining factor in the E-Governance management. The success of E-Governance lies in applying the principles in a coherent and holistic way by infinite people across agencies and states consistently over a period of time. Hence its time to reboot the government in an e-mode and resume the operations where we had left them with several settings reconfigured. The keywords for such a resetting are citizen-centricity, transformation, architecture, standards, partnership and inclusion. This paper mainly focuses on the strategies for effective E-Governance Manage ment as a case study methodology.

The present study examined the relationships of the various facets of work-family balance with organisational commitment (OC) and its various dimensions among employees working in the service sector in India. Data were collected from 408 employees by means of questionnaires. Correlation and linear regression analysis of the collected data demonstrated that while one of the dimensions of work-life balance namely, work interferes with personal life (WIPL), acted as a significant negative predictor of OC, another dimension that is work enhancement/ personal enhancement (WE/PE) showed significant positive impact on OC. The third dimension, personal life interferes with work (PLIW) even though showed a negative correlation; the impact was generally not significant. The article concludes with the managerial implications of the study in service sector industries/institutions.

Banking is one of the very important sector in the Sri Lankan economy and the public sector banks play a big role in this context. However, after the privatization of financial sector in Sri Lanka the banking is become more competitive and the employees working in this sector struggle in achieving their targets given to them by their superiors. This situation making them very stressful not only in the work place but also in their personal life as well. Therefore, there is a need to identify that to what extent the organizational role related factor are the causes to occupational stress among the public sector bank employees. This is an exploratory study and carried out through field survey. Though this type of study is more useful to both state and private banks, this particular study covered only two important state banks namely Bank of Ceylon (BOC) and Peoples Bank (PB) functioning in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. The total of 120 employees and 60 from Peoples Bank and 60 from Bank of Ceylon were taken for the study based on Stratified Random Sampling method. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire followed by an open ended interview with bank employees. From the data collected from the respondents and the analysis made by the researcher the mean value of the total Occupational Role Stress (TORS) indicated as 89.9. Further, among the ten occupational stressors evaluated in this study, the inter-role distance (Mean value 9.8) , role isolation (Mean value 9.5), and personal inadequacy (Mean value 9.6) of state bank employees in Sri Lanka have highly influenced to their occupational stress. Therefore, it has been revealed that there is a moderate – high level of occupational stress among the public sector bank employees in Sri Lanka. Wayamba Journal of Management 2013 4(1): 22-25

Retailing in India is witnessing dramatic changes in the last two decades due to the emergence of organized retailing. Customers are switching from the traditional ‘kirana shops' to ‘modern organized retail outlets' for buying their groceries, toiletries, vegetables, etc. Today, due to the intense competition in the organized retail industry, it is inevitable for the marketer to have a good knowledge about the changing consumer behaviour to ensure sustainability in the business. Many studies have been carried out in the past to assess the retail patronage, behavior of shoppers, shopping motives and shopping intentions and other related issues. Most of the studies were focused on the store elements and store image. But studying these factors in isolation is not of much use, unless the personal (demographical) factors of the shoppers are also examined. Perhaps, the demographical factors such as, age, gender, income, education, etc. are the major factors which influence the buying behaviour and buying intentions of customers rather than the store elements. The paper examines the influence of the demographic factors towards the consumers' patronage motives such as, shopping orientation, frequency of shopping, average expenditure, shopping influence, store switching and the reason for switching, and others. A total of five hundred and twenty two samples were used for the study. The researchers used percentage analysis, chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis Test to analyze the data using SPSS package. The results show that the demographic factors such as age, gender, education, income, family type are having a significant influence on the buying behaviour of grocery shoppers.

Success in career is a great concern and challenge for any individual in the prevailing competitive scenario. This paper discusses about two main issues that influence the career success of an employee. They are employees‘ perception of organizational politics and emotional intelligence in workplace. An employee irrespective of any industry is involved in several behavioural aftermaths in the emotional survival in the chosen career. The employee either involves oneself in organizational politics in workplace or tackles the organizational politics effectively due to emotional intelligence in the conflict of surviving in the organization. This study hence proposes to explore the relationship between organizational politics, emotional intelligence and career success. A sample of 272 employees were chosen through judgement sampling by non-probability sampling method from manufacturing sector from the most predominant metropolitan city namely Chennai, in south India. Karl-Pearsons‘ Correlation analysis was exploited to analyse the data using SPSS. It was found from the study that balancing emotions intelligently helps in career success in addition to coping with organizational politics. This research highlights on the need for emphasizing on emotional intelligence to tackle organizational politics effectively which will by itself contribute to the career success of an employee.

Prevalence of Employees’ perception of politics in new private sector banks and public sector banks was studied in an Indian context.. This study is an exclusive contribution with eight variables at the same time to find the influence of organizational politics on the job attitudes like Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement, Organizational Commitment which in turn led to outcomes like Job Anxiety, Job Burnout, Turnover Intention and Absenteeism.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI), Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and Wellbeing of management executives working in organizations. The methodology adopted involves descriptive field study using a structured questionnaire as the research instrument with statistical analysis to arrive at the results. The results of the study reveal that there exists a significant relationship between EI, SI and Wellbeing of executives. Further, the results indicate that the development and growth of EI and SI can be considered as methods for improving the wellbeing of executives as well as organizational wellbeing. ABSTRACT losophies; and to contemplate non-existential issues in relation to one's existence. An ability to derive personal meaning and purpose from all physical and mental experiences, including the capacity to cre- ate and master a life purpose is regarded as personal meaning production. Transcendental awareness is the capacity to identify transcendent dimensions/patterns of the self, of others, and of the physical world during normal states of consciousness, accompanied by the capacity to identify their relationship to one's self and to the physical world. Conscious State Expansion is defined as an ability to enter and exit higher/spiritual states of consciousness at one's own discretion. Wellbeing Wellbeing refers to 'a state of being comfortable, happy and healthy'. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 'Mental health is de- fined as a state of wellbeing in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community'. Researchers investigating happiness have found the factors which enhance individual's wellbeing are: An enjoyable and ful- filling career, Adequate money, Regular exercise, A balanced diet, Suffi - cient sleep, An intimate relationship with a partner, A network of close friends, A sense of belonging, The ability to adopt to change, A safe physical environment, A sense of purpose and meaning and all these factors interrelated. In general, executive wellbeing include relationships (social), emotions (emotional), body (physical), thoughts ( mental), finances (financial), the environment (environmental) and the spirit (spiritual). It is impor- tant to enhance well being of individuals by coaching and other rele- vant practices.

The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the global scenario. The sector is showing a remarkable growth in the Indian context also. It is performing a number of activities relating to customer interaction and service. Some of them are involved in pure back office work and some others are directly dealing with the customers. Call center is a voice based part of BPO organization. The BPO sector is developing the young generation not only by providing employment opportunities but also by building confidence in them. Indian BPO companies are paying great attention in inducting and training the employees. But most of the employees are youngsters and they are facing a lot of problems. They are working on continuous night shifts, which affect their biological balance. Apart from this, excessive work loads, unreachable targets and pressurizing customers are creating stress among the employees. This ultimately results in physical, psychological and behavioural deviations among them, which not only affects the employees and the organization, but, the country on the whole. This paper aims to identify the problems in the sector and the nature of the stress created by such problems. First hand information regarding the problems, the sources of stress and the experience on stress situations is collected from a project leader who has five years of experience. A questionnaire is circulated to measure the stress level of employees. It also identifies the various stressors prevailing among the employees. The impact of job satisfaction, feed back, working conditions, work family balance and workload in creating stress among the employees are analyzed. Some strategies for coping up with stress are also suggested. Keywords: Stress; Call center; Stressors; Coping strategies DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v9i1.3731 Sabaramuwa University Journal , Volume 9 Number 1; December 2010, pp 1-9

The aim of the present study is to test the status of Women Entrepreneurs in India with reference to selective cities in Tamil Nadu. This study was carried out as the role of women entrepreneurs has gained significance in today's environment. The present study is based on the women entrepreneurs in and around Trichy and Thanjavur. Women, who succeed as entrepreneurs, are risk taking personalities. The women entrepreneurs have their own identity in the world of entrepreneurship. Most of them are capable of fully identifying themselves in their new economic role in society. In this research, stratified sampling technique was used. A detailed questionnaire bringing out the various aspects of the study was first prepared and tested. In this research, 60 successful women entrepreneurs were interviewed. The sample was selected from two towns, Trichy and Thanjavur. The sample selection was as under: Trichy - 60% and Thanjavur - 40% . This break up was due to the fact that there was a greater concentration of available successful women entrepreneurs in Trichy when compared to Thanjavur. The study has highlighted many factors that have motivated women entrepreneurs in starting an entrepreneurial career. Success has been seen mostly among the mid thirty and early forty age group. The government schemes, incentives and subsidies have stimulated and provided support measures to women entrepreneurs in and around the city. In this research, one of the findings was that while a majority of women came from a family business, as a core background, and they were mostly married into business families. The business environment seems to have prepared them mentally, thereby facilitating their entry into business. Help and guidance was also available within the family in case of any business problems.

Learning should be fast, relevant and integrated into day-to-day work patterns. One way of doing this is through e-learning. The issues were involved in developing and implementing e-learning. The study was conducted to analyze the benefits of E-Learning among the Rural college students of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu and to analyze whether Engineering and Arts & Science students of rural colleges use the E-Learning facilities.