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We present the discovery and characterization of six short-period, transiting giant planets from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) -- TOI-1811 (TIC 376524552), TOI-2025 (TIC 394050135), TOI-2145 (TIC 88992642), TOI-2152 (TIC 395393265), TOI-2154 (TIC 428787891), & TOI-2497 (TIC 97568467). All six planets orbit bright host stars (8.9, Comment: 20 Pages, 6 Figures, 8 Tables, Accepted by MNRAS

TRAIP is a key factor involved in the DNA damage response (DDR), homologous recombination (HR) and DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. However, the exact functions of TRAIP in these processes in mammalian cells are not fully understood. Here we identify the zinc finger protein 212, ZNF212, as a novel binding partner for TRAIP and find that ZNF212 colocalizes with sites of DNA damage. The recruitment of TRAIP or ZNF212 to sites of DNA damage is mutually interdependent. We show that depletion of ZNF212 causes defects in the DDR and HR-mediated repair in a manner epistatic to TRAIP. In addition, an epistatic analysis of Zfp212, the mouse homolog of human ZNF212, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), shows that it appears to act upstream of both the Neil3 and Fanconi anemia (FA) pathways of ICLs repair. We find that human ZNF212 interacted directly with NEIL3 and promotes its recruitment to ICL lesions. Collectively, our findings identify ZNF212 as a new factor involved in the DDR, HR-mediated repair and ICL repair though direct interaction with TRAIP.

We analyzed the characteristics of white porcelain fired at different temperatures (800, 1200, 1350℃) by measuring changes in thermal luminescence(TL) and multi-wavelength (IR, orange, green, blue, UVA) optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) signal. White porcelain fired at 800℃ showed high intensity TL signals over a wide temperature range of 100 to 400℃, whereas white porcelain fired at 1200 and 1350℃ showed TL peaks at 100 and 210℃. Moreover, the OSL signals of white porcelain fired at 800℃, increased linearly according to the amount of irradiation, under IR, orange, green, blue and UVA stimulation. However, the OSL signals of white porcelain fired at 1200℃ increased linearly only under blue and UVA stimulation, while those of white porcelain fired at 1350℃ increased linearly only under UVA stimulation. In general, the strength of the TL/OSL signal was weakened as the firing temperature increased, which seems to be due to the vitrification caused by the high-temperature firing process. Therefore, it was found that it is important to select the optical stimulation source of the proper wavelength during TL/OSL dating to white porcelain.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of botulinum A toxin (BTXA) chemodenervation in paralytic strabismus patients without surgical correction.Methods: A retrospective chart review of 51 patients who were diagnosed as paralytic strabismus and underwent BTXA chemodenervation was performed. The patients were divided into four groups according to the cause of paralytic strabismus of vasculopathy, neoplasm, trauma, and idiopathic. They were also divided into two groups of early and late treatment according to the initiation time of BTXA chemodenervation after the onset of strabismus (3 months), and of the initial strabismus type of exotropia and esotropia. We investigated the changes of angle of deviation and diplopia after BTXA chemodenervation.Results: The average deviation of angles decreased by 25.2 prism diopter (PD) (35.1 to 9.9 PD) in total patients, and the overall success rate was 64.7% (33 by 51), and the there was no statistically significant difference in success rate between each group divided by the cause of paralytic strabismus. According to the treatment timing, the deviation of the angle decreased by 28.0 PD (36.8 to 8.8 PD) in the early treatment group, and 21.3 PD (33.5 to 12.2 PD) in late treatment group at the time of the last postinjective follow-up. According to the initial strabismus type, the average angle of deviation decreased by 20.3 PD (35.6 to 15.3 PD) in exotropia group by cranial nerve 3 palsy, and 24.4 PD (32.5 to 8.1 PD) in esotropia by cranial nerve 6 palsy.Conclusions: BTXA chemodenervation reduced the angle of deviation and the number of patients with diplopia regardless of the cause of paralytic strabismus. Early BTXA chemodenervation can be considered as the first treatment of choice in paralytic strabismus, especially in esotropia patients.

Tender X-ray absorption spectroscopy was successfully performed with the newly developed experimental apparatus at PAL-XFEL., Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of molecules is of fundamental importance. Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) is a powerful spectroscopic technique for unveiling the time-dependent structural and electronic information of molecules that has been widely applied in various fields. Herein, the design and technical achievement of a newly developed experimental apparatus for TR-XAS measurements in the tender X-ray range with X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory XFEL (PAL-XFEL) are described. Femtosecond TR-XAS measurements were conducted at the Ru L 3-edge of well known photosensitizer tris­(bi­pyridine)­ruthenium(II) chloride ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in water. The results indicate ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer from the Ru center to the ligand, which demonstrates that the newly designed setup is applicable for monitoring ultrafast reactions in the femtosecond domain.

In this study, we carried out photometric, spectroscopic, and for the first time, polarimetric observations of the Amor-type near-Earth asteroid (2059) Baboquivari. Our findings represent the first reliable determination of Baboquivari's physical properties. We used data from a 1m-class telescope (T100) along with ALCDEF data for photometric analyses and a 1.5-m-class telescope (RTT150) for polarimetric, spectroscopic, and additional photometric observations. We obtained the synodic rotation period of Baboquivari as 129.93 +/- 2.31 hours and the standard phase function parameters H and G as 16.05 +/- 0.05, 0.22 +/- 0.02, respectively. Our colour index (V-R) measurement of 0.45 +/- 0.02 is consistent with spectroscopic observations, indicating an S (or sub-S) spectral type. Using the polarimetric and spectroscopic data, we found that the geometric albedo is 0.15 +/- 0.03, and the spectral type is Sq. Based on the estimated albedo and absolute magnitude, Baboquivari has an effective diameter of 2.12 +/- 0.21 km. Due to the scattered data in the light curve, its slow rotation and location among the NEAs suggest that Baboquivari may be a non-principal axis (NPA) rotator., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted to publish in Planetary and Space Science (2023)

Purpose: To investigate the postoperative changes in diplopia and evaluate factors that affect diplopia after isolated inferior orbital wall fracture.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients who underwent reconstruction surgery for isolated inferior orbital wall fracture between March 2001 and December 2020. Diplopia was categorized into peripheral, central, and full-degree types based on the history and binocular single vision. The natural course of diplopia was analyzed pre-operatively and at 1 day, 6 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. We analyzed the orbital computed tomography images to determine fracture size (small, medium, or large), fracture site (anterior, middle, posterior, or mixed), extraocular muscle (EOM) size (swelling or deformity), EOM site (incarcerated or prolapsed), and EOM tenting.Results: Diplopia was seen in 144 out of 200 patients (72.0%) before surgery; peripheral diplopia was seen in 57 patients (39.6%), central diplopia in 46 (24.3%), and full-degree diplopia in 20 (13.9%). Pre-operative diplopia differed according to the pre-operative limitation of range of motion (LOM) (p < 0.001) and EOM site (p = 0.022). Pre-operative diplopia type differed according to the LOM direction (p = 0.018) and EOM size (p = 0.020). Diplopia persisted in 33 patients (16.5%) 6 months after the surgery. Recovery was faster in patients with peripheral diplopia compared to those with central or full-degree diplopia.Conclusions: The presence of diplopia was associated with the pre-operative LOM and EOM site but the type of diplopia was associated with LOM direction and EOM size. These factors can be used to predict the progression of diplopia in patients with isolated inferior orbital wall fracture.

Given the current unprecedented multiple pandemics of COVID-19, anti-Black and anti-Asian violence, and white supremacy, we—a group of graduate students and a faculty member who hold diverse identities across disciplines, race, gender, nationality, and additional categories—came together to focus on qualitative research as an ontological, epistemological, and axiological space toward community and culture change. Specifically, we took up scholarly personal narrative, which centers postmodernism and focuses on the reality that “we see what we believe; we observe what we narrate; we transform what we reframe.” What emerged were radical interrelated understandings of privilege, guilt, and the importance of kinship. As such, this vulnerable group reflected on graduate student experiences with multiple pandemics and how the academy may enact transformative change, reframing our own understandings of qualitative space.

The asteroid Apophis is one of the most potentially hazardous objects to Earth in human history, and many countries are paying attention to its 2029 approach to Earth. The asteroid’s 2029 encounter will not only greatly help promote understanding of the asteroid itself, but will also be a great opportunity to acquire knowledge of this Earth-threatening asteroid. The KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) is now conducting a pre-phase A study for the rendezvous mission to Apophis. In this article, I would like to explain the importance of research on the asteroid Apophis and address the scientific goals of this exploration mission.

Asteroid (99942) Apophis is a potentially hazardous asteroid. The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) recently proposed a rendezvous mission with Apophis, with a planned asteroid observation campaign to help determine the mission strategy in advance. In this study, we performed multicolor photometric observations of Apophis using the 1.0 m telescope at Kawabe Cosmic Park on 2021 March 10. The visible colors (g′, r′, and i′) of Apophis were obtained. The average colors of Apophis during our observations were as follows: g′ − r′ = 0.618 ± 0.021 and r′ − i′ = 0.180 ± 0.021. No significant color variation was observed in r′ − i′, but a slight variation may have occurred in g′ − r′ during the observation period of 4.63 hr. The obtained colors appeared to match those of an Sq-class asteroid, which is the asteroid type previously determined for Apophis by Binzel et al. (2009, Icarus, 200, 480) using the visible to near-infrared (0.55–2.45 μm) reflectance spectrum.

We report the multiband photometry of asteroids observed over 14 nights from 2015 December to 2017 December using the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network telescopes with the taxonomic classification of those objects. The data set contains the photometry of 6793 asteroids in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey griz bands. Following the method of DeMeo & Carry, we define classification criteria on the 2D color plane to assign nine taxonomic types (A, B, C, K, L&D, O, S, V, and X) for the observed objects. We also determine asteroid taxonomy in the newly defined 3D color space as suggested by Roh et al. with seven distinct types based on their novel semisupervised machine-learning model. Both methods distinguish between the S type and others but have difficulty separating the X and C types due to their weak and indistinguishable features and broad distribution in the color spaces. The heliocentric distribution of the observed asteroids with their taxonomic assignments confirms similar trends in the previous works; the number of S types decreases, while the fraction of C types increases with the heliocentric distance in the main belt. On the other hand, the D type dominates in the Jupiter Trojans.

The bacterial effector protein RavZ from a pathogen can impair autophagy in the host by delipidating the mammalian autophagy- related gene 8 (mATG8)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on autophagic membranes. In RavZ, the membrane-targeting (MT) domain is an essential function. However, the molecular mechanism of this domain in regulating the intracellular localization of RavZ in cells is unclear. In this study, we found that the fusion of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the MT domain of RavZ (GFP-MT) resulted in localization primarily to the cytosol and nucleus, whereas the GFP-fused duplicated-MT domain (GFP-2xMT) localized to Rab5- or Rab7-positive endosomes. Similarly, GFP fusion to the catalytic domain (CA) of RavZ (GFP-CA) resulted in localization primarily to the cytosol and nucleus, even in autophagy-induced cells. However, by adding the MT domain to GFP-CA (GFP-CA-MT), the cooperation of MT and CA led to localization on the Rab5-positive endosomal membranes in a wortmannin-sensitive manner under nutrient-rich conditions, and to autophagic membranes in autophagy- induced cells. In autophagic membranes, GFP-CA-MT delipidated overexpressed or endogenous mATG8-PE. Furthermore, GFP-CAΔα3-MT, an α3 helix deletion within the CA domain, failed to localize to the endosomal or autophagic membranes and could not delipidate overexpressed mATG8-PE. Thus, the CA or MT domain alone is insufficient for stable membrane localization in cells, but the cooperation of MT and CA leads to localization to the endosomal and autophagic membranes. In autophagic membranes, the CA domain can delipidate mATG8-PE without requiring substrate recognition mediated by LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(2): 118-123]

A simple way to control the gate dielectric properties of vinyl-addition polynorbornene copolymers bearing pendant vinyl groups (P(NB/VNB)) through thiol–ene click chemistry is reported. The optimized content ratio of tetra-thiol cross-linkers leads to the enhanced gate dielectric properties and performance of organic field-effect transistors. Also, this approach provides photo-patternability, low-temperature solution-processing, and air-processability.

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) surgical accuracy between virtually planned and actual surgical movements (SM) of the maxilla in two-jaw orthognathic surgery. Methods The sample consisted of 15 skeletal Class III patients who underwent two-jaw orthognathic surgery performed by a single surgeon using a virtual surgical simulation (VSS) software. The 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained before (T0) and after surgery (T1). After merging the dental cast image onto the T0 CBCT image, VSS was performed. SM were classified into midline correction (anterior and posterior), advancement, setback, anterior elongation, and impaction (total and posterior). The landmarks were the midpoint between the central incisors, the mesiobuccal cusp tip (MBCT) of both first molars, and the midpoint of the two MBCTs. The amount and direction of SM by VSS and actual surgery were measured using 3D coordinates of the landmarks. Discrepancies less than 1 mm between VSS and T1 landmarks indicated a precise outcome. The surgical achievement percentage (SAP, [amount of movement in actual surgery/amount of movement in VSS] × 100) (%) and precision percentage (PP, [number of patients with precise outcome/number of total patients] × 100) (%) were compared among SM types using Fisher’s exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results Overall mean discrepancy between VSS and actual surgery, SAP, and PP were 0.13 mm, 89.9%, and 68.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the SAP and PP values among the seven SM types (all p > 0.05). Conclusions VSS could be considered as an effective tool for increasing surgical accuracy.

Objective To investigate the treatment modalities (Tx-Mods) for patients with unilateral hemifacial microsomia (UHFM) according to Pruzansky–Kaban types and growth stages. Methods The samples consisted of 82 Korean UHFM patients. Tx-Mods were defined as follows Tx-Mod-1, growth observation due to mild facial asymmetry; Tx-Mod-2, unilateral functional appliance; Tx- Mod-3, fixed orthodontic treatment; Tx-Mod-4, growth observation due to a definite need for surgical intervention; Tx-Mod-5, unilateral mandibular or bimaxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO); Tx-Mod-6, maxillary fixation using LeFort I osteotomy and mandibular DO/sagittal split ramus osteotomy; Tx- Mod-7, orthognathic surgery; and Tx-Mod-8, costochondral grafting. The type and frequency of Tx-Mod, the number of patients who underwent surgical procedures, and the number of surgeries that each patient underwent, were investigated. Results The degree of invasiveness and complexity of Tx-Mod increased, with an increase in treatment stage and Pruzansky–Kaban type (initial < final; [I, IIa] < [IIb, III], all p < 0.001). The percentage of patients who underwent surgical procedures increased up to 4.2 times, with an increase in the Pruzansky–Kaban type (I, 24.1%; IIa, 47.1%; IIb, 84.4%; III, 100%; p < 0.001). However, the mean number of surgical procedures that each patient underwent showed a tendency of increase according to the Pruzansky–Kaban types (I, n = 1.1; IIa, n = 1.5; IIb, n = 1.6; III, n = 2.3; p > 0.05). Conclusions These findings might be used as basic guidelines for successful treatment planning and prognosis prediction in UHFM patients.

Gosan-ri-type pottery (GTP) is a unique plant-fiber-tempered pottery from Korea and has only been found in Early Neolithic sites on Jeju Island. In this study, we conducted radiocarbon (14C) dating for one GTP sample and 10 charcoal samples collected from archaeological structures in which GTP was found in 2012. The measurement conditions, the internal quality assurance test, and the reliability test indicate that each 14C date is very reliable. However, the 14C dates of the charcoal samples were more accurate than that of the GTP sample due to contamination from younger humic acids. From the summary of all 14C dates of charcoal samples using the KDE model, we finally conclude that GTP was manufactured and utilized throughout the period 9610–9490 cal BP (7670–7550 BC) with 95.4% confidence level. This age corroborates the inference that GTP is the oldest known Korean Neolithic pottery.

The Korean Institute of Technology Satellite (KITSAT-1) is the first satellite developed by the Satellite Technology Research Center and the University of Surrey. KITSAT-1 is orbiting the Earth’s orbit as space debris with a 1,320 km altitude after the planned mission. Due to its relatively small size and altitude, tracking the KITSAT-1 was a difficult task. In this research, we analyzed the tracking results of KITSAT-1 for one year using the Midland Space Radar (MSR) in Texas and the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) in Alaska operated by LeoLabs, Inc. The tracking results were analyzed on a weekly basis for MSR and PFISR. The observation was conducted by using both stations at an average frequency of 10 times per week. The overall corrected range measurements for MSR and PFISR by LeoLabs were under 50 m and 25 m, respectively. The ionospheric delay, the dominant error source, was confirmed with the International Reference of Ionosphere-16 model and Global Navigation Satellite System data. The weekly basis orbit determination results were compared with two-line element data. The comparison results were used to confirm the orbital consistency of the estimated orbits.

We present the facile synthetic platform for the production of amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers bearing pyridine pendants through combination of living anionic polymerization (LAP), ring-op...

2021 DW1 was discovered on 16 February 2021 by Pan-STARRS 1 on Haleakala. This ~40-m object passed the Earth at a distance of 570000 km (1.5 Lunar Distance) on 4 March at 9 UTC, reaching a brightness of V=14.6 mag. We observed it photometrically from 2 March, 4 UTC, when it was visible at V=16.5 mag, until 7 March, 9 UTC (V=18.2 mag). During that time 2021 DW1 swept a 170 deg long arc in the northern sky, spanning solar phase angles in the range from 36 to 86 deg. This made it an excellent target for physical characterization.In our campaign, we used 9 telescopes with apertures ranging from 0.3-m to 1.2-m, located in the USA, UK, Spain, Italy, Poland, Ukraine, and South Korea. This gave us a good coverage of the asteroid path. We collected a lot of data which are now being analysed. Preliminary analysis show a very short rotation period of 50 seconds and a lightcurve amplitude of about 0.3 mag, which didn't change much along the asteroid path in the sky. More results will be presented at the conference.

Well-controlled polystyrene-polymethacrylate bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) of ultrahigh molecular weight using ω-end-norbornyl polystyrene as the macromonomer for the first block were synthesized by combining living anionic polymerization (LAP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ω-end-norbornyl polystyrene (NB-PSt), poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (NB-PtBMA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (NB-PMMA), and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (NB-PBzMA) macromonomers (MMs) were synthesized by the LAP. The ROMP of the MMs led to poly(NB-g-St) (molecular weight, Mn = 1515 kDa, and dispersity, Ð = 1.12), poly(NB-g-tBMA) (Mn = 1470 kDa, Ð = 1.49), poly(NB-g-MMA) (Mn = 1128 kDa, Ð = 1.42), and poly(NB-g-BzMA) (Mn = 941 kDa, Ð = 1.16) bottlebrush homopolymers at degree of polymerization (DP) of 500. Synthesis of the BBCP, P(NB-g-St)-b-P(NB-g-tBMA) was well-controlled with high molecular weight and a low dispersity (Mn = 3002 kDa, Ð = 1.17) with a total DP of 976. The self-assembly of the resulting BBCP films revealed periodic lamellar morphologies with characteristic photonic crystal properties.