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We aim to describe the incidence and source of contagion of COVID-19 in patients with IBD, as well as the risk factors for a severe course and long-term sequelae. This is a prospective observational study of IBD and COVID-19 included in the ENEIDA registry (53,682 from 73 centres) between March-July 2020 followed-up for 12 months. Results were compared with data of the general population (National Centre of Epidemiology and Catalonia). A total of 482 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Twenty-eight percent were infected in the work environment, and 48% were infected by intrafamilial transmission, despite having good adherence to lockdown. Thirty-five percent required hospitalization, 7.9% had severe COVID-19 and 3.7% died. Similar data were reported in the general population (hospitalisation 19.5%, ICU 2.1% and mortality 4.6%). Factors related to death and severe COVID-19 were being aged >= 60 years (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 1.8-27 and 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-15.9), while having >= 2 comorbidities increased mortality (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-11.6). None of the drugs for IBD were related to severe COVID-19. Immunosuppression was definitively stopped in 1% of patients at 12 months. The prognosis of COVID-19 in IBD, even in immunosuppressed patients, is similar to that in the general population. Thus, there is no need for more strict protection measures in IBD. This study is funded by the Carlos III Health Institute (COV20/00227: Co-IP Dra. Maria Esteve and Dra. Yamile Zabana), FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) and supported by GETECCU. The ENEIDA Registry of GETECCU is supported by Takeda, Pfizer, Galapagos, AbbVie and Biogen.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Immunomediated adverse events [IAEs] are the most frequently reported infliximab [IFX]-related adverse events. Combination therapy may reduce their incidence, although this strategy is not recommended in elderly patients. We aimed to compare the rates of IFX-related IAEs and loss of response [LOR] in elderly and younger patients. METHODS: Adult patients in the ENEIDA registry who had received a first course of IFX therapy were identified and grouped into two cohorts regarding age at the beginning of treatment [over 60 years and between 18 and 50 years]. The rates of IAEs and LOR were compared. RESULTS: In total, 939 patients [12%] who started IFX over 60 years of age and 6844 [88%] below 50 years of age were included. Elderly patients presented a higher proportion of AEs related to IFX [23.2% vs 19%; p = 0.002], infections [7.1% vs 4.3%; p < 0.001] and neoplasms [2.2% vs 0.5%; p < 0.001]. In contrast, the rates of IAEs [14.8% vs 14.8%; p = 0.999], infusion reactions [8.1% vs 8.1%; p = 0.989], late hypersensitivity [1.3% vs 1.2%; p = 0.895], paradoxical psoriasis [1% vs 1.5%; p = 0.187] and drug-induced lupus erythematosus [0.6% vs 0.7%; p = 0.947] were similar in elderly and younger patients. LOR rates were also similar between the two groups [20.5% vs 19.3%; p = 0.438]. In the logistic regression analysis, IFX monotherapy, extraintestinal manifestations and female gender were the only risk factors for IAEs, whereas IFX monotherapy, extraintestinal manifestations and Crohn's disease were risk factors for LOR. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a similar risk of developing IFX-related IAEs and LOR to that of younger patients.

Background and Aims Immunomediated adverse events [IAEs] are the most frequently reported infliximab [IFX]-related adverse events. Combination therapy may reduce their incidence, although this strategy is not recommended in elderly patients. We aimed to compare the rates of IFX-related IAEs and loss of response [LOR] in elderly and younger patients. Methods Adult patients in the ENEIDA registry who had received a first course of IFX therapy were identified and grouped into two cohorts regarding age at the beginning of treatment [over 60 years and between 18 and 50 years]. The rates of IAEs and LOR were compared. Results In total, 939 patients [12%] who started IFX over 60 years of age and 6844 [88%] below 50 years of age were included. Elderly patients presented a higher proportion of AEs related to IFX [23.2% vs 19%; p = 0.002], infections [7.1% vs 4.3%; p < 0.001] and neoplasms [2.2% vs 0.5%; p < 0.001]. In contrast, the rates of IAEs [14.8% vs 14.8%; p = 0.999], infusion reactions [8.1% vs 8.1%; p = 0.989], late hypersensitivity [1.3% vs 1.2%; p = 0.895], paradoxical psoriasis [1% vs 1.5%; p = 0.187] and drug-induced lupus erythematosus [0.6% vs 0.7%; p = 0.947] were similar in elderly and younger patients. LOR rates were also similar between the two groups [20.5% vs 19.3%; p = 0.438]. In the logistic regression analysis, IFX monotherapy, extraintestinal manifestations and female gender were the only risk factors for IAEs, whereas IFX monotherapy, extraintestinal manifestations and Crohn’s disease were risk factors for LOR. Conclusions Elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a similar risk of developing IFX-related IAEs and LOR to that of younger patients.

Background: Regarding the treatment of patients with resistant schizophrenia, different options exit, although they are supported by limited evidence. In this study, antipsychotic polypharmacy, comprising 1200 mg of amisulpride and 600 mg of quetiapine, was used. Clinical change evaluation was performed using neurocognitive evaluations. Study Question: The use of amisulpride and quetiapine will imply a clinical improvement in patients affected by schizophrenia, which will be specially reflected in a cognitive improvement. Study Design: Naturalistic and prospective study. Twenty-six patients were applied and assessed by a battery of neurocognitive evaluations since the pretreatment baseline until 6-month treatment. The patients had no biological response to medication, high social maladjustment, and a long clinical history of the disease. Kane and Brenner criteria for treatment-resistant schizophrenia were applied to choose the subjects. Measures and Outcomes: The cognitive improvement will imply a significant betterment, from the pretreatment baseline until 6-month treatment, in the following cognitive tests: Stroop Test, WAIS Coding Subtest, and Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT). An improvement in the Calgary Depression Scale, Simpson-Angus Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (EVA) will also be observed. This scales were been used during the baseline, 3 months after, and then, 6 months. Results: Subjects, after 6-month treatment with amisulpride and quetiapine, did show statistically significant differences in the assessed areas: WAIS Coding Subtest (P< 0.001), CTMT A and B (CTMT AP< 0.034; CTMT BP< 0.000), and Stroop Tests: Word (P< 0.001), Word-Color (P< 0.007), and Interference (P< 0.039). Furthermore, they showed a statistically significant difference in the Calgary Depression Scale (P< 0.002), Simpson-Angus Scale (P< 0.019), and EVA (P< 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this report show a cognitive and clinical improvement in refractory patients after the administration of amisulpride and quetiapine.

Background: Effectiveness of vedolizumab in real world clinical practice is unknown. Aim: To evaluate the short and long-term effectiveness of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Patients who received at least 1 induction dose of vedolizumab were included. Effectiveness was defined based on Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) in Crohn's disease (CD) and Partial Mayo Score (PMS) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Short-term response was assessed at week 14. Variables associated with short-term remission were identified by logistic regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the long-term durability of vedolizumab treatment. Cox model was used to identify factors associated with discontinuation of treatment and loss of response. Results: 521 patients were included (median follow-up 10 months [interquartile range 5-18 months]). At week 14, 46.8% had remission and 15.7% clinical response. CD (vs UC), previous surgery, higher CRP concentration and disease severity at baseline were significantly associated with impaired response. The rate of vedolizumab discontinuation was 37% per patient-year of follow-up (27.6% in UC and 45.3% in CD, P < 0.01). CD (vs UC), anaemia at baseline, steroids during induction and CRP concentration were associated with lower durability of treatment. Seven per cent of patients developed adverse events, infections being the most frequent. Conclusions: Over 60% of IBD patients respond to vedolizumab. Many patients discontinue treatment over time. CD and disease burden impair both short- and long-term response. Vedolizumab seems to be safe in clinical practice.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar genéticamente poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de P. magdalenae usando marcadores moleculares tipo RAMs en la zona del bajo San Jorge, Departamento de Sucre. Para ello, de 80 ejemplares silvestres de cuatro sitios y 40 ejemplares cultivados de dos empresas, fue extraído el ADN y amplificado por PCR con siete cebadores RAMs. Todos los cebadores fueron polimórficos, con valores que variaron de 93,33% en el cebador CA hasta 99,17% en AG, este mismo cebador presentó el mayor valor de He (0,469 ± 0,005), mientras que el cebador CCA, presentó el menor (0,321 ± 0,010). En las poblaciones silvestres de P. magdalenae, el sitio SBA fue el más diverso (He: 0,194 ± 0,028) y el sitio CAI el menos diverso (0,150 ± 0,029), para un promedio de He de 0,167 ± 0,019 que fue menor al promedio de la población cultivada (He: 0,194 ± 0,002). El análisis de la estructura poblacional reflejo mayor variación dentro que entre de las poblaciones con valores de FST moderados y altos, indicando bajo flujo de genes entre sitios y entre las poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas que se evidencia en los dendrogramas. Se concluye que esta estructura genética puede ser debida a barreras fisiográficas naturales o artificiales y que la mayor diversidad en la población cultivada puede deberse a un adecuado manejo reproductivo o efectos de endogamia en la población silvestre.

OBJECTIVE: To know the distribution of births of very low birth weight infants by day of the week, and whether this distribution affects the morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively in the Spanish SEN1500 network (2002-2011). Outborn infants, patients with major congenital anomalies, and those who died in the delivery room were excluded. Births were grouped into "weekdays" and "weekends." A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the independent effect of the birth moment on outcomes, and Cox regression for survival. RESULTS: Out of a total of 27,205 very low birth weight infants born at and/or admitted to the participating centers, 22,961 (84.4%) met inclusion criteria. A reduction of 24% in the number of births was observed during the "weekends" compared with "weekdays". In the raw analysis, patients born on weekends exhibited higher morbidity and mortality (mortality rate: 14.2% vs. 16.5%, p

to analyze postoperative complications and mortality, as well as evaluate the functional results of patients older than 95 years with a femoral neck fracture treated by cemented hip hemiarthroplasty. Material and method. Retrospective study of 33 cases, analyzing complications and mortality, identifying risk factors, and evaluating cognitive status, functionality and level of ambulation after surgery. Results. eight patients (24,2%) presented postsurgical medical complications, finding blood transfusion and bilateral hemiarthroplasty as predictive factors, and 11 died in the first year (33,3%), finding the previous functional status and the taking of antiaggregants or anti-coagulants as risk factors. All worsened functionally after the fracture. Conclusions. we consider fundamental, in order to optimize the treatment, the precise preoperative evaluation of the patient given the limited life expectancy and the high mortality rate in the first year after hip surgery.

GETH (Grupo Español de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular)., [Introduction] Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving treatment for a number of haematological diseases. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is its main complication and hampers survival. There is strong evidence that intestinal microbiota diversity of the recipient may increase the risk of GVHD worsening survival. Antibiotic regimens used during the early phase of the transplant may influence clinical outcomes by reducing intestinal microbiota diversity. Present guidelines of European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia exhort to optimising antibiotic use in haematological patients including HSCT recipients. The present study aims to investigate if, in HSCT recipients, the optimisation of antibacterial use may preserve intestinal microbiota composition reducing the incidence and severity of acute GVHD and improving relevant clinical outcomes., [Methods and analysis] This is a prospective longitudinal observational study of two cohorts of HSCT recipients: (1) the intervention cohort includes patients treated in centres in which a predefined strategy of antibiotherapy optimisation is implemented, with the objective of optimising and reducing antibiotic administration according to clinical criteria and (2) the control cohort includes patients treated in centres in which a classic permissive strategy of antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment is used. Adult patient receiving a first HSCT as a treatment for any haematological condition are included. Clinical variables are prospectively recorded and up to five faecal samples are collected for microbiota characterisation at prestablished peritransplant time points. Patients are followed since the preconditioning phase throughout 1-year post-transplant and four follow-up visits are scheduled. Faecal microbiota composition and diversity will be compared between both cohorts along with acute GVHD incidence and severity, severe infections rate, mortality and overall and disease-free survival., [Ethics and dissemination] The study was approved between 2017 and 2018 by the Ethical Committees of participant centres. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international scientific conferences., [Trial registration number] NCT03727113, This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), grant number: PI16/02010, integrated in the national I+D+ i 2013–2016 and cofunded by European Union (ERDF/ESF, ‘Investing in your future’). This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project ‘PI16/02010’ (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund ‘A way to make Europe’/‘Investing in your future’). In addition, this work is being supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+ i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Clinical Research and Clinical Trials Platform (SCReN, PT17/0017/0012) and Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0009)—cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’, Operative programprogramme Intelligent Growth 2014–2020.

Growth is a trait linked to development of organisms and expressed as an increase of body size, and which can be described using sigmoidal functions. There are different growth models which are base don sigmoidal function, being some of them the logistic, Gompertz's and von Bertalanffy's. The purpose of this research wasto determine the growth between sexes in Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris using the logistic function y=a/(1+be-cx). Thus function allows a better visualization of what happens during growth. With this aim, it was studied a sample of 30 animals (11 males and 19 females) from 2 to 96 months. For each animal the following measurements were obtained: body length, withers height, head length, head perimeter and thoracic girth. Sampled animals were from 3 different farms in Fortul, (Arauca, Colombia), in 'piedemonte' area, and were managed under semi-extensive conditions. From statistical analysis it was observed that all variables were statistically different between sexes. It is concluded that growth in H. hydrochaeris is different between males and females, the former growing faster and more precociously, ending with bigger sizes. El crecimiento es una característica de desarrollo de los organismos que se traduce en el aumento de su tamaño corporal, que puede ser descrito por una función sigmoidea. Existen diversos modelos de crecimiento basados en funciones sigmoideas, siendo tres de los más frecuentemente el logístico, el de Gompertz y el de von Bertalanffy. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el crecimiento entre sexos en Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, recurriendo a la expresión logística y=a/(1+be-cx). La función logística nos permite apreciar mucho mejor lo que ocurre durante el crecimiento ya que describe de manera más precisa que otras, como la exponencial, lo que realmente ocurre con los seres vivos. Para ello se estudiaron 30 animales (11 machos y 19 hembras) de un rango de edad comprendido entre los 2 y los 96 meses, de los que se obtuvieron en una toma por animal las siguientes variables lineales: longitud corporal, alzada a la cruz, longitud cefálica, perímetro cefálico y perímetro torácico. Los animales provenían de tres fincas localizadas en el municipio de Fortul, (Arauca, Colombia), en la región de piedemonte, y sometidos a un manejo semiextensivo. Del estudio estadístico aparecieron todas las variables con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos. Se deduce de todo ello que el crecimiento en H. hydrochaeris es diferente entre machos y hembras para cada variable, apareciendo los machos con un crecimiento cefálico mucho más precoz y rápido, y un tamaño final superior.

Se estudiaron 30 chigüires (11 machos y 19 hembras), con un rango de edad comprendido entre 2 y 96 meses, procedentes de tres granjas ubicadas en los llanos araucanos, en Colombia. De cada animal se obtuvieron las siguientes variables lineales: longitud corporal, alzada a la cruz, longitud cefálica, perímetro cefálico y perímetro torácico. Los pares edad-variable lineal se ajustaron a tres modelos de crecimiento: logístico, Gompertz y von Bertalanffy. Se utilizó el criterio de Akaike para analizar la bondad del ajuste de los modelos. En todos los casos, el modelo logístico presentó los menores valores de información de Akaike y por tanto, fue el de mejor ajuste. De igual forma, se observó que este modelo sobrestima las variables, particularmente las variables post-craneales (longitud corporal, alzada a la cruz y perímetro torácico), observándose incluso en la parte asintótica de la curva. La causa podría deberse a un desarrollo deficiente de los animales, probablemente por una dieta inapropiada. We studied 30 capybaras (11 males and 19 females), ranged between 2 to 96 months of age, from three farms of the Araucano llanos in Colombia. The following linear variables were obtained on each animal: body length, height to withers, head length, head perimeter, and thoracic perimeter. Each pair age - linear variable was adjusted to three growth models: logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanff y. Akaike's criterion was used to analyze the goodness of fi t of the models. In all cases, the logistic model presented the lower Akaike information values so suggesting the best fi t. It was observed that this model overestimates the variables, particularly the post-cranial variables (body length, height at the withers and thoracic perimeter), even in the asymptotic part of the curve. Its cause could be a poor development of animals, perhaps due to an inappropriate diet.

La integración (interface) de los programas, por un lado el pre y postproceso y por el otro el análisis de estructuras por medio del MEF, GiD y Sap90 nos permiten de forma ágil y sencilla realizar el análisis de cualquier género estructural, por compleja que sea.

BACKGROUND: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to occlusions in the proximal anterior intracranial circulation, less than 40% regain functional independence when treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) alone. Thrombectomy with the use of a stent retriever, in addition to intravenous t-PA, increases reperfusion rates and may improve long-term functional outcome.METHODS: We randomly assigned eligible patients with stroke who were receiving or had received intravenous t-PA to continue with t-PA alone (control group) or to undergo endovascular thrombectomy with the use of a stent retriever within 6 hours after symptom onset (intervention group). Patients had confirmed occlusions in the proximal anterior intracranial circulation and an absence of large ischemic-core lesions. The primary outcome was the severity of global disability at 90 days, as assessed by means of the modified Rankin scale (with scores ranging from 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]).RESULTS: The study was stopped early because of efficacy. At 39 centers, 196 patients underwent randomization (98 patients in each group). In the intervention group, the median time from qualifying imaging to groin puncture was 57 minutes, and the rate of substantial reperfusion at the end of the procedure was 88%. Thrombectomy with the stent retriever plus intravenous t-PA reduced disability at 90 days over the entire range of scores on the modified Rankin scale (PCONCLUSIONS: In patients receiving intravenous t-PA for acute ischemic stroke due to occlusions in the proximal anterior intracranial circulation, thrombectomy with a stent retriever within 6 hours after onset improved functional outcomes at 90 days. (Funded by Covidien; SWIFT PRIME ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01657461.).

Los cuerpos extraños (CE) gastrointestinales son motivo de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencia, siendo los esofágicos los de mayor riesgo Los síntomas de presentación son variados y dependen de la ubicación del CE, existiendo diversas técnicas para su extracción. Objetivo: Describir las características de la población consultante y de los CE retirados por endoscopia en niños. Pacientes y Método: Se realizó una revisión de los últimos 6 años, de las fichas de los pacientes a los que se le indicó una endoscopía digestiva por CE gastrointestinal. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: 51 pacientes, 28 hombres y 23 mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 4 años, fueron sometidos a endoscopía digestiva por ingesta de CE. Los síntomas de presentación más frecuentes fueron la sialorrea (45%) y la disfagia (35%), siendo extraídos los CE en su mayoría con anestesia general. Los CE más frecuentemente fueron monedas (57%) y se ubicaron principalmente en esófago (91%). Todos se extrajeron mediante endoscopía directa o con asistencia endoscópica y las lesiones encontradas fueron erosiones en 19 (37%) pacientes y úlceras en 4 (8%). No hubo complicaciones. Conclusiones: La extracción endoscópica de CE gastrointestinales es un procedimiento seguro. Dado el riesgo de lesiones graves, especialmente en los CE de ubicación esofágica, debe considerarse siempre la realización de la endoscopía dentro de un plazo prudente. Los protocolos de manejo son necesarios para unificar los criterios de las personas que trabajan en los servicios de urgencia teniendo presente que la estrategia más importante es la prevención.

USTS 2017, Salamanca, November 22nd to 24th, 2017. -- https://www.ultrafast.es/USTS2017

Background and objective Cow milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guidelines on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. Objectives: To develop clinical guidelines for OIT based on available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. Methods A review was made of studies published between 1984 and June 2016, doctoral theses published in Spain, summaries of communications at scientific meetings (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, and AAAAI), and the consensus of opinion established by a group of experts from the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. Results Recommendations were established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of adverse reactions. Conclusions Clinical practice guidelines based on the consensus reached between Spanish experts are presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg.

In first-line wild-type (WT)-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), panitumumab (Pmab) improves outcomes when added to FOLFOX [folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin] or FOLFIRI [folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan]. However no trial has directly compared these combinations.

Background and objective Cow milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guidelines on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. Objectives: To develop clinical guidelines for OIT based on available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. Methods A review was made of studies published between 1984 and June 2016, doctoral theses published in Spain, summaries of communications at scientific meetings (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, and AAAAI), and the consensus of opinion established by a group of experts from the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. Results Recommendations were established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of adverse reactions. Conclusions Clinical practice guidelines based on the consensus reached between Spanish experts are presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg.

Cow's milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Treatments such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guides on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available.

Cow's milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Treatments such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guides on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that patients with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) show altered startle reflex responses to alcohol-related stimuli. However, there is little information about the role of these altered responses in the development of AUDs. This study examined the startle reflex response to different visual stimuli and the role of these patterns in the development of AUDs in a 4-year follow-up. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-nine (nondependent) heavy-drinking participants were selected. In the baseline period, the startle reflex responses to alcohol-related, aversive, appetitive, and neutral pictures were assessed. Startle reflex responses to these pictures were used as predictive variables. Status drinking (alcohol dependence and nondependence) assessed at 4-year follow-up was used as outcome measure. RESULTS: At the 4-year follow-up assessment, 46% of participants fulfilled DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence criteria. Alcohol dependence status was predicted by an attenuated startle reflex response to alcohol-related and aversive pictures. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that an attenuated modulation of startle reflex response to alcohol-related and aversive stimuli could be used as a clinical marker to predict the development of AUDs in participants with previous alcohol consumption.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the risk of relapse after discontinuation of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to identify the factors associated with relapse, and to evaluate the overcome after retreatment with the same anti-TNF in those who relapsed. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter study. IBD patients who had been treated with anti-TNFs and in whom these drugs were discontinued after clinical remission was achieved were included. RESULTS: A total of 1,055 patients were included. The incidence rate of relapse was 19% and 17% per patient-year in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, respectively. In both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients in deep remission, the incidence rate of relapse was 19% per patient-year. The treatment with adalimumab vs. infliximab (hazard ratio (HR)=1.29; 95% confi dence interval (CI)= 1.01-1.66), elective discontinuation of anti-TNFs (HR=1.90; 95% CI= 1.07-3.37) or discontinuation because of adverse events (HR= 2.33; 95% CI= 1.27-2.02) vs. a top-down strategy, colonic localization (HR= 1.51; 95% CI= 1.13-2.02) vs. ileal, and stricturing behavior (HR= 1.5; 95% CI= 1.09-2.05) vs. inflammatory were associated with a higher risk of relapse in Crohn's disease patients, whereas treatment with immunomodulators after discontinuation (HR= 0.67; 95% CI= 0.51-0.87) and age (HR= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.97-0.99) were protective factors. None of the factors were predictive in ulcerative colitis patients. Retreatment of relapse with the same anti-TNF was effective (80% responded) and safe. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of infl ammatory bowel disease relapse after anti-TNF discontinuation is relevant. Some predictive factors of relapse after anti-TNF withdrawal have been identifi ed. Retreatment with the same anti-TNF drug was effective and safe.

BACKGROUND: In first-line wild-type (WT)-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), panitumumab (Pmab) improves outcomes when added to FOLFOX [folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin] or FOLFIRI [folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan]. However no trial has directly compared these combinations. METHODS: Multicentre, open-label study in untreated patients = 18 years with (WT)-KRAS mCRC and multiple or unresectable liver-limited disease (LLD) randomised to either Pmab-FOLFOX4 or Pmab-FOLFIRI. The primary end-point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end-points included liver metastases resection rate (R0 + R1), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse events and perioperative safety. Exploratory end-points were: response by RAS status, early tumour shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DpR) in WT-RAS patients. RESULTS: Data on 77 patients were analysed (38 Pmab-FOLFOX4; 39 Pmab-FOLFIRI; WT-RAS: 27/26, respectively). ORR was 74% with Pmab-FOLFOX4 and 67% with Pmab-FOLFIRI (WT-RAS: 78%/73%). Out of the above, 45% and 59% underwent surgical resection, respectively (WT-RAS: 37%/69%). The R0-R1 resection rate was 34%/46% (WT-RAS:26%/54%). Median PFS was 13/14 months (hazard ratio [HR] Pmab-FOLFIRI versus Pmab-FOLFOX4: 0.9; 95% confidence interval: [0.6-1.5]; WT-RAS:13/15; HR: 0.7 [0.4-1.3]). Median OS was 37/41 months (HR:1.0 [0.6-1.8]; WT-RAS: 39/49; HR:0.9 [0.4-1.9]). In WT-RAS patients with confirmed response, median DpR was 71%/66%, and 65%/77% of patients showed ETS = 30%/ = 20% at week 8, without significant differences between arms; these patients had longer median PFS and OS and higher resectability rates. Surgery was associated with longer survival. Perioperative and overall safety were similar, except for higher grade 3/4 neutropenia (40%/10%; p = 0.003) and neuropathy (13%/0%; p = 0.025) in the Pmab-FOLFOX4 arm. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with WT-KRAS mCRC and LLD, both first-line Pmab-FOLFOX4 and Pmab-FOLFIRI resulted in high ORR and ETS, allowing potentially curative resection. No significant differences in efficacy were observed between the two regimens. (clinicaltrials.gov:NCT00885885).

El entrenamiento de fuerza debe incluirse en todos los programas de ejercicio encaminados a mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida. Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza han priorizado los regímenes de contracción concéntricos a los excéntricos, sin embargo, actualmente se está realizando un tipo de entrenamiento de fuerza basado en contracciones excéntricas mediante sobrecargas de tipo inercial. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión bibliográfica ha sido comprobar los efectos de este tipo de entrenamiento basado en contracciones excéntricas mediante sobrecargas de tipo inercial sobre la función muscular. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Web of Science, Pubmed, Medline, Dialnet y Scielo. Los resultados de nuestra revisión sugieren que este tipo de entrenamiento da lugar a una mayor actividad electromiográfica e hipertrofia muscular con respecto a programas de entrenamiento convencionales, al tiempo que podrían ser efectivos en la recuperación de lesiones músculo-tendinosas, Resistance training should be included in all exercise programmes which improve health and quality of live. These programmes have been focusing on both concentric-eccentric contractions, however, a new type of resistance training based on eccentric contractions provided by inertial overload is being carried out. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to prove the effects of this kind of training based on eccentric contractions by inertial overload. Databases utilized to carry out information research were Web of Science, Pubmed, Medline, Dialnet and Scielo. Results would suggest that inertial training based on inertial overload produces maximal EMG and an earlier muscular hypertrophy compared to conventional resistance training, besides the fact it could have successful on muscle-tendon injuries

24th International Congress on Glass which will be held in Shanghai, China from April 7th to 11th, 2016.

24th International Congress on Glass, Shanghai, China, from April 7th to 11th, 2016 ; http://icg2016.csp.escience.cn/dct/page/1

International audience; In the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/) initiative, a field campaign took place in the western Mediterranean Basin between 10 June and 5 July 2013 within the ADRIMED (Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) project. The scientific objectives of ADRIMED are the characterization of the most common ‘Mediterranean aerosols’ and their direct radiative forcing (column closure and regional scale). During 15–24 June a multi-intrusion dust event took place over the western and central Mediterranean Basin. Extra measurements were carried out by some EARLINET/ACTRIS (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network /Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network, http://www.actris.net/) lidar stations in Spain and Italy, in particular on 22 June in support to the flight over southern Italy of the Falcon 20 aircraft involved in the campaign. This article describes the physical and optical properties of dust observed at the different lidar stations in terms of dust plume centre of mass, optical depth, lidar ratio, and particle depolarization ratio. To link the differences found in the origin of dust plumes, the results are discussed on the basis of back-trajectories and air- and space-borne lidars. This work puts forward the collaboration between a European research infrastructure (ACTRIS) and an international project (ChArMEx) on topics of interest for both parties, and more generally for the atmospheric community.

Las condiciones de vida en los campos de concentración eran duras y con frecuencia inhumanas, lo que llevó a muchos prisioneros a suicidarse. Hemos revisado este tema en los campos de concentración nazis (KL), campos especiales soviéticos y gulags, proporcionando algunos datos preliminares para nuestra investigación. Los datos muestran que la incidencia del suicidio en KL nazi podría ser hasta 30 veces más alta que la población general y también fue mucho más alta que en los campos especiales soviéticos (tal vez debido a condiciones más favorables para los prisioneros y la abolición de la pena de muerte), mientras se dispone de ellos. Los datos sobre los gulags soviéticos son contradictorios. Sin embargo, la interpretación de los datos es muy controvertida porque, por ejemplo, las autoridades nazis de KL solían encubrir a las víctimas del asesinato como suicidas. La mayoría de los suicidios se cometieron en los primeros años de prisión, y el método de suicidio más utilizado fue el ahorcamiento. aunque otros métodos incluyen cortar vasos sanguíneos, envenenamiento, contacto con alambre electrificado o inanición. Es posible diferenciar dos comportamientos al cometer suicidio; Comportamiento impulsivo (contacto con cercas de alambre de púas electrificadas) o suicidio premeditado (colgado o veneno). En los campos especiales soviéticos, los posibles motivos de suicidio podrían incluir sentimientos de culpa por los delitos cometidos, miedo al castigo y una comprensión errónea del honor en la víspera de los juicios penales. Los comportamientos autodestructivos, como la automutilación en campos de gulag o prisioneros que se dejan morir, han sido ampliamente reportados. Cometer suicidio en campos de concentración era una práctica común, aunque los datos precisos pueden ser imposibles de obtener. Es posible diferenciar dos comportamientos al cometer suicidio; Comportamiento impulsivo (contacto con cercas de alambre de púas electrificadas) o suicidio premeditado (colgado o veneno). En los campos especiales soviéticos, los posibles motivos de suicidio podrían incluir sentimientos de culpa por los delitos cometidos, miedo al castigo y una comprensión errónea del honor en la víspera de los juicios penales. Los comportamientos autodestructivos, como la automutilación en campos de gulag o prisioneros que se dejan morir, han sido ampliamente reportados. Cometer suicidio en campos de concentración era una práctica común, aunque los datos precisos pueden ser imposibles de obtener. Es posible diferenciar dos comportamientos al cometer suicidio; Comportamiento impulsivo (contacto con cercas de alambre de púas electrificadas) o suicidio premeditado (colgado o veneno). En los campos especiales soviéticos, los posibles motivos de suicidio podrían incluir sentimientos de culpa por los delitos cometidos, miedo al castigo y una comprensión errónea del honor en la víspera de los juicios penales. Los comportamientos autodestructivos, como la automutilación en campos de gulag o prisioneros que se dejan morir, han sido ampliamente reportados. Cometer suicidio en campos de concentración era una práctica común, aunque los datos precisos pueden ser imposibles de obtener. los posibles motivos para los suicidios podrían incluir sentimientos de culpa por los delitos cometidos, miedo al castigo y una comprensión errónea del honor en la víspera de los juicios penales. Los comportamientos autodestructivos, como la automutilación en campos de gulag o prisioneros que se dejan morir, han sido ampliamente reportados. Cometer suicidio en campos de concentración era una práctica común, aunque los datos precisos pueden ser imposibles de obtener. los posibles motivos para los suicidios podrían incluir sentimientos de culpa por los delitos cometidos, miedo al castigo y una comprensión errónea del honor en la víspera de los juicios penales. Los comportamientos autodestructivos, como la automutilación en campos de gulag o prisioneros que se dejan morir, han sido ampliamente reportados. Cometer suicidio en campos de concentración era una práctica común, aunque los datos precisos pueden ser imposibles de obtener.

Entre 1945 y 1949 después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los antiguos líderes del régimen nazi alemán fueron juzgados como criminales de guerra por un tribunal militar internacional compuesto por jueces de las cuatro naciones aliadas: Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña, Francia y la Unión Soviética [ 1 ] en los famosos Juicios de Nuremberg. Hace exactamente 70 años, en diciembre de 1946, se inició la audiencia en el juicio de 23 médicos o colaboradores implicados en los delitos de este régimen totalitario (Juicio de los médicos; Estados Unidos de América vs. Karl Brandt). Este juicio expuso una ideología terriblemente anormal que sancionó e institucionalizó el comportamiento criminal relacionado con la salud pública y la investigación humana [ 2 ]. Entre las violaciones de la ética en los profesionales médicos, las transgresiones incluyen el uso de drogas

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Volumen 6, Número 3 esfuerzos para cerrar la brecha entre la práctica médica y las ciencias de laboratorio. Durisova M investigó el estudio, que es una secuela de los estudios anteriores, e investigó los cambios dependientes del tiempo en la formación de 7-hidroximetotrexato (7OH-MTX) a partir de metotrexato (MTX) en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento para psoriasis con MTX. Teniendo en cuenta el artículo publicado anterior, el autor concluyó que se puede utilizar para desarrollar modelos matemáticos no solo en la farmacocinética, sino también en varios otros campos científicos y prácticos. Omega 3, zinc y coenzima Q10q (CoQ10) se utilizan como suplementos dietéticos que también funcionan como moléculas de artritis antiinflamatoria y antirreumatoide. Ningún informe previo justifica la sinergia entre estas 3 moléculas. La combinación de omega 3, zinc y CoQ10 presenta una importante medida preventiva en la AR, que además ayuda a comprender la patogénesis. Desde la antigüedad, el chino y el japonés utilizaron la yukinoshita como planta medicinal. El autor intentó evaluar los efectos antitumorales de SSM y conformó sus factores antitumorales. El estudio demostró que la MSE que tiene efectos antitumorales en los cánceres gástricos y la ingesta de MSM al beber la decocción de las hojas secas puede ser eficaz contra los cánceres gástricos [ 3 ]. La miel tiene una composición química y bioquímica compleja, que incluye vitaminas, azúcares, proteínas, compuestos fenólicos, minerales y aminoácidos. Esta revisión describe los efectos farmacológicos potenciales de la miel con una descripción y análisis de los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes.

Verbeia nace con la finalidad de contagiarnos con la pasión de la Filología. Durante este año hemos crecido, nuestro Comité Científico aumenta y con él las esperanzas de estabilidad. Todos sabemos lo que cuesta llegar hasta aquí, y hoy llegamos con artículos escritos por profesores e investigadores de distintas universidades del planeta.

El tratamiento de la enfermedad celíaca (EC) es la dieta libre de gluten (DLG) estricta y permanentemente. Existen factores que influyen en adherencia: motivación, información, costos, rotulación y disponibilidad de alimentos. Objetivos: Describir adherencia e impacto de DLG en niños celíacos. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo con aplicación de encuesta de 28 preguntas a niños celíacos > 12 años (12-18 años) y a padres de pacientes celíacos entre 3 y 18 años. Resultados: Edad media 10,5 años y al diagnóstico 1,8 años, 62,5% mujeres. Adherencia 42,5% según total de padres; 15% según niños > 12 años vs 35% padres de niños > 12 años. El 80% refiere no sentirse distinto, 70% encuentra DLG difícil de seguir. 55% le molesta seguirla porque no saben que comer (42,8%), siendo la principal dificultad de los padres económica (51,5%). Un 55% cree que influye en la vida familiar: limitación alimentos (55%), preparación especial (50%), comer fuera de casa (75%), viajes (35%). El 50% de padres ha dado alguna vez alimentos prohibidos a sus hijos, principalmente en casa (47%). La información de DLG la obtienen en hospital (85%). Existe 32,5% adherencia a fundaciones celíacas. Conclusiones: La DLG implica impacto en la vida de niños celíacos, existiendo dificultades en el manejo y regular adherencia a ella.

Ash dieback due to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is threatening the Fraxinus excelsior species in most of its natural range in Europe and it is becoming obvious that other species in the Fraxinus genus are susceptible to the disease. The fungal pathogen apparently originates from Asia where it may act as an endophyte of local species like F.mandshurica. Previous studies reported significant levels of genetic variability for susceptibility in F. excelsior either in field or inoculation experiments. The present study was based on a field experiment planted in 1995, fifteen years before onset of the disease. Crown and collar status were monitored on 788 trees from 23 open-pollinated progenies originating from 3 French provenances. Susceptibility was modelled using a Bayesian approach where spatio-temporal effects were explicitly taken into account, thus providing accurate narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2). While moderate narrow-sense heritability estimates for Crown Dieback (CD, h2= 0.42 in this study) have already been reported in the literature, this study is first to show that Collar Lesions are also heritable (h2= 0.49 for prevalence and h2=0.42 for severity) and that there is significant genetic correlation between the severities of both traits (rspearman=0.40). Unexpectedly, their spatio-temporal dynamics followed almost opposite patterns. While no significant Provenance effects were detected for any trait, significant Family effects were found for both CD and CL. Moreover, the analysis strategy implemented here allowed to compute Individual Breeding Values (IBV) and to show that there is more genetic variability within families than between families. In agreement with previous reports, early flushing correlates with better crown status. Consequences of these results in terms of management and breeding are discussed.

Objective: To know the expectations and perceptions of patients over 75 years of age, regarding the quality of care provided to acutely ill geriatric patients admitted to the Hospital Virgen del Valle de Toledo Spain. Methods: Design: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Location of study: Geriatric Hospital Virgen del Valle Toledo (Spain). Subjects: Patients older than 75 years of age admitted to the Acute Treatment Unit at Hospital Virgen del Valle de Toledo. Sample size: 267 patients (p = 0.5, confidence interval 95%, e = 0.06). Measures: Validated questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL model to measure the expectations and perceptions of care. Results: The global assessment of overall satisfaction with the attention and care they received was "moderately good". Higher scores were obtained in the assessment of “care” than in “attention received”, in general. The results highlighted the importance of empathy and information. The theory suggesting that satisfaction with the nursing staff is a good predictor of overall satisfaction with the hospital has found support in this study. Conclusion: There exists an urgent need, when it comes to caring for older people, to increase the level of knowledge about the patient’s preferences along with understanding their expectations, in order to help develop better care. Knowledge of the deficiencies of care provides professionals with information indicating where they should intervene to make favourable changes with a resultant increase in patient satisfaction.

After World War II, an international military court sentenced 20 Nazi doctors and 3 collaborators with crimes against the humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. For the past 70 years after Nuremberg Trials, the restoration to pre-Nazi’s ethical standard has been progressed. The eugenicist theories and the policies of racial hygiene were the fundamental axes of the Nazi euthanasia programs without paying attention to the basic ethics of the medicine. German psychiatry that it enjoyed an extraordinary international reputation, played a capital rôle in these programs and the mental patients supposed the main group of risk for these practices during the Nazi era. In this overview, we deal with, the historical perspective of the euthanasia programs of the mental patients, and the procedures for its execution, and the use of the mental patients as investigation tools. Direct consequence of the mentioned penal process gave birth to the Nuremberg Code, which has been considered as the fi rst international code of ethics for the medical experiments with human subjects. During the last 70 years, it has advanced substantially in the restoration of ethical codes and norms to protect patients in particular in the fi eld of psychiatry and psychopharmacology, and its culmination of advancement has been in the 1996 Declaration of Madrid.

Alfonso Monsalve Solórzano: Colombia: democracia y paz. Medellín, Fondo Editorial Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 1999, pp. 378.

El fenómeno de las redes sociales constituye un núcleo de análisis para la Psicología, y más concretamente para la Psicología Social, tanto por las relaciones que se establecen entre los individuos, necesarias para la supervivencia de la especie, como por el tipo de interacción que se establece entre ellos (Abelloy Madaraiga, 1999; Scott, 1991). Las redes sociales han sido abordadas desde diferentes campos de estudio; matemáticas, sociología, antropología o psicología, sólo habría que recodar las teorías de Moreno o de Kurt Lewis. Durante la mitad del siglo XX, con la sociedad industrializada y el boom tecnológico de las comunicaciones, las redes sociales, con el apelativo de redes 2.0, han vuelto a resurgir como principal medio de comunicación mundial, formando infinidad de conexiones humanas en cuestión de segundos y compartiendo cualquier tipo de información al instante (Castell, 2012). La base de las redes sociales iniciales, en las que el contacto físico es primordial, fue la búsqueda de apoyo emocional y de ayuda instrumental. En la actualidad se ha desvirtuado su propósito inicial, no existen límites; la juventud, como población más vulnerable, busca la inmediatez, la novedad, el mayor número de seguidores para satisfacer sus refuerzos sociales, con una relativa privacidad, dejando a un lado la interacción física, entre otros aspectos (Livingstone, 2009; Morduchowicz, 2012). Se crea pues una dependencia psicológica que termina por generar un abuso con consecuencias psicológicas negativas (Chóliz y Marco, 2012; Echeburúa y Corral, 2010). El presente trabajo pretende mostrar una visión de la evolución de las redes sociales clásicas, donde sus inicios se remontan a las teorías de la Gestalt, hasta la denominada red 2.0 o 3.0 junto, y quizá es lo más importante para la Psicología, una evolución del perfil del usuario (juventud, tipo y tiempo de uso, rasgos de personalidad o posible adicción, entre otros). Ambos aspectos son necesarios para diseñar una intervención que favorezca el uso adaptativo de las redes sociales.

El constante desarrollo urbano de las últimas décadas ha dado como resultado una impermeabilización masiva del suelo natural para su urbanización. Esto ha desembocado en un gran incremento de los problemas relacionados con la gestión del agua en las ciudades. Se ha realizado una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con la potencial aplicación de Sistemas Urbanos de Drenaje Sostenible (SUDS), especialmente firmes permeables y cubiertas verdes, en procesos de rehabilitación hidrológica urbana. Se han estudiado las diferentes propiedades que estos sistemas ofrecen en la gestión hídrica de núcleos urbanos como la reducción del volumen y del caudal punta de la escorrentía superficial generada a partir de un evento de lluvia. Además se han analizado los costes asociados y los factores determinantes en su aplicación en procesos regeneración urbana. En todos los casos analizados se ha observado su efectividad para reducir el volumen y el caudal de escorrentía superficial. De las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento, se desprende que las cualidades de estos sistemas los convierten en elementos con un gran potencial de aplicación en procesos de rehabilitación hidrológica urbana, permitiendo recuperar parte del equilibrio asociado al ciclo natural del agua.

Depression in the elderly is a significant health issue that has the potential to seriously affect physical and emotional well-being. Therefore, the treatment of geriatric depression is necessary. Antidepressant treatment in older depressed patients is efficacious, but differences in the effectiveness of different classes of antidepressants have not been demonstrated. However, differences in tolerability profile are most recognizable in the elderly. With ageing, a series of changes occur in the elderly that modify both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antidepressants and may influence the efficacy, tolerability and safety of treatment in the elderly. Comorbidities require the use of other drugs, which increases the possibility of drug-drug interactions. Given these aspects, individualized therapy for each elderly patient is needed to achieve acceptable risk-benefit ratio. Effective treatment of depression in the elderly, which may require combined pharmacological with psychosocial treatment, can decrease both morbidity and mortality; it also may lead to reduced demands on family members and on health-care and social services.

Sleep disturbances and disruptions of circadian rhythms are underlying factors in most mood disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and their seasonal pattern or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Decreases in sleep efficiency, total sleep time and sleep quality have all been documented in MDD. In addition to this, depressed patients of all these three categories (MDD, BD, SAD) exhibit profound disturbances in circadian rhythms including the sleep-wake rhythm. Circadian clock dysregulation has been suggested to be due abnormal circadian rhythmicity of gene expression. In particular, CRY1 and CRY2 polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with MDD. Similarly, variations in CRY2, PER2, ARNTL and NPAS2 are associated with SAD. An antidepressant that benefits sleep quality and resynchronize disrupted circadian rhythms will be most useful in treating mood disorders. In this context, the newly introduced melatonergic antidepressant agomelatine with MT1 and MT2 agonistic properties with 5-HT2C antagonism has been documented to be beneficial, as it improves sleep, resynchronizes the disrupted circadian rhythms, and elevates mood. This drug also manifests with fewer adverse effects and is emerging as an effective antidepressant.

Monoaminergic antidepressants have a delay in the onset of response that needs alternatives. Sub anesthetic doses of ketamine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, show a rapid-acting antidepressant effect in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and in bipolar depression, and improve suicidal ideation. However, for ketamine routinely use as antidepressant, more clinical research on the relation risks and benefits is needed to decide if ketamine is a promise or a reality

Se estudió la incidencia de la distancia entre líneas (20, 40 o 60 cm) y de la fecha de recolección (dejando para semilla el segundo o el tercer corte) en la producción de semilla de la alfalfa cv Aragón en Zaragoza, durante 2007-2011. Las producciones anuales obtenidas no mostraron diferencias significativas en función de la fecha de recolección, siendo de 443 y 415 kg ha-1 cuando se dejó el segundo y el tercer corte respectivamente, o de la distancia entre líneas con 418,418 y 451 kg ha-1, obtenidos para distancias entre líneas de 20, 40 y 60 cm respectivamente, aunque la variabilidad interanual fue alta, de 29 kg a 914 kg ha-1. Además de la cosecha de semilla se realizaron tres cortes para forraje, sobresaliendo la producción de materia seca, 7627 kg ha-1, cuando se dejó el tercer corte para semilla. La producción forrajera fue asimismo superior cuando la distancia entre líneas fue de 20 cm, 7486 kg ha-1, respecto de las distancias de 40 y 60 cm, con 7189 y 6661 kg ha-1 respectivamente.

The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters for f–f transitions of Er3+ ions in PMMA-PAAc copolymer samples were determined from optical absorption measurements, and their dependence on the erbium content investigated within the range of 1–3.0 mol%. The densities, refractive indices and emission spectra have been measured. For our Er3+-doped PMMA-PAAc samples an effective energy transfer between the copolymer host and the erbium ions is observed and discussed.

In this paper the optical properties (emission and excitation spectra) of powder samples of the double oxides of RETa3O9 (RE = Tb, Eu) were analyzed. The results of lifetime measurements and time resolved experiments performed at 11 and 300 K are discussed. Within the range of the continuous solid solution Tb1-xEuxTa3O9, the optical characterization of our powder sample Tb0.9Eu0.1Ta3O9 is presented and combined with the previous results obtained by X-ray diffraction techniques to develop a better understanding on the effect of the RE ions on the crystalline structure of our samples.

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies (FB) are frequent complaints in the emergency departments, with esophageal foreign bodies as the most frequent cases. Symptoms are varied and depend on the location of the FB, with several techniques available for removal.To describe the FB removed by endoscopy in children as well as the consulting population characteristics.Patient chart reviews of those who, during the last six years, underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.51 patients, 28 males and 23 females, with average age of four years old, underwent endoscopy due to FB intake. The most common symptoms were drooling (45%) and dysphagia (35%); the FBs were extracted mostly under general anesthesia. Coins were the most common foreign bodies found (57%) and they were mainly located in the esophagus (91%). All bodies were extracted by direct endoscopy or endoscopically assisted extraction; lesions that corresponded to erosions were found in 19 (37%) patients and ulcers in 4 (8%). There were no complications.Endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal FBs is a safe procedure. Given the risk of serious injury, especially in foreign bodies in the esophagus, performing endoscopy within a reasonable time must always be considered. Management protocols are necessary to unify the standards of those working in emergency rooms, having in mind that the most important strategy is prevention.

Se comparó la producción de forraje, composición química y persistencia de una pradera de esparceta, aprovechada a diente por ganado ovino en dos estados fenológicos, inicio (IF) y plena floración (PF), con la producción para heno, en regadío, en Zaragoza, durante 2010 y 2011. Se hicieron seis aprovechamientos en 2010 y tres en 2011, hasta que la densidad de plantas se redujo de 149 a 17 plantas m-2. Destacó por producción de materia seca (MS) el aprovechamiento a diente en PF con 14 846 kg MS ha-1 en 2010 (P