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The Rosa L. is one of the widely grown plants in the world and its flowers and fruits has been used in different parts of the world for centuries. Wild grown Rosa plants is one of the most important element of the natural landscape and used as rootstock for roses for centuries as well. In this study the main flower, shrub and fruit characteristics of a large number of Rosa canina L. and Rosa dumalis Bechst. genotypes naturally found in Ardahan province of Turkey has been studied. All plants found very health conditions and indicated their strong defense mechanism of the genera to harsh abiotic and biotic conditions. The majority of genotypes had attractive flowers. The genotypes exhibited fruit mass between 2.81 g to 4.60 g. SSC (soluble solid content), vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the genotypes ranged from 15.8–20.6%, 502–714 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 405–507 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 1.02–2.00 mg per g FW, 8.40–13.30 mg per g FW and 4.35–6.98 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per liter, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined between 22.3–30.9 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acids in fruits of Rosa ecotypes. Our results indicated promising perspectives for usage of R. canina and R. dumalis fresh fruits studied with considerable levels of bioactive compounds.

During 3D rendering by GPU, jagged patterns will appear at the edge of the image due to the lack of sampling points. To increase the continuity of the image, we use an anti-aliasing technique to process these jagged patterns. In this paper, we review the current anti-aliasing techniques and propose a multi-parallel anti-aliasing algorithm based on Morphological Anti-Aliasing (MLAA). Through an experiment and a comparison of the results, we find that our algorithm achieves better anti-aliasing performance at the edge of the image than Multiple Sampling Anti-Aliasing (MSAA) and MLAA by setting more color gradients. Moreover, our algorithm consumes much less time than MLAA in FPGA implementation by performing edge detection of the image, classification of the aliasing patterns, acquisition of the blend weight coefficients, and calculation of the anti-aliased color in three channels of the image simultaneously. In addition, our algorithm also consumes much less memory than MLAA in FPGA implementation by scaling and optimizing the area texture used by MLAA. A comparison of related works indicates that it is more favorable for the proposed algorithm to perform the anti-aliasing of the image than MSAA and MLAA.

The work investigated in this paper focused on the fabrication of WO3 films by the spray pyrolysis technique, and different analyses were made to find optimized samples for studying properties suitable for the application of gas sensing. The substrate temperature is the most important parameter among other spray parameters for the synthesis of thin films hence WO3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by maintaining the substrate temperature at 350 ºC, 450 ºC, 550 ºC, and 650 °C using compressed air as a carrier gas. The influence of the substrate temperature on the structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the WO3 thin films has been justified using XRD data. Good and enhanced crystallinity is observed for the film deposited at a substrate temperature of 550 ºC. The nonconventional properties were studied by different investigations and confirmed by past research work. The manipulation of surface morphology with the different deposition temperatures is monitored. Only the characteristic peaks of W and O are present in the fabricated WO3 thin films. The optical activity of about 70 to 80 % of the selected sample in the visible region (300 to 1200 nm) is found. The selective absorption activity of light in the ultraviolet region and visible region is checked. The obtained IR bands confirmed the inter bridge stretching and bending modes of W-O and O-W-O. A high response towards ammonia compared to other test gases is exhibited. The repeatability of WO3 towards NH3 over three periodic sensing cycles, response, and recovery time has also been discussed. From all the characteristic studies, it has been suggested that the fabricated WO3 thin films have been used in the health care field to detect the toxic NH3 gas

MgB2/CNT is a promising candidate for superconducting wire application due to its excellent mechanical properties and carbon nanotube’s low density. However, strong interfacial adhesion between the CNT reinforcement and the MgB2 matrix is difficult to manage. Therefore, this study examines the synthesis and characterization of magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconductors with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and tin (Sn) addition. Determining the proper method and combination of CNT & Sn affects MgB2 superconductors is crucial. Raw materials of magnesium (Mg), boron (B), Sn, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used for a solid-state reaction process to determine the proper synthesis method and the effect of CNT on superconductors’ critical temperature. Each sample was obtained by weighing the raw material first, followed by hand grinding with agate mortars for 3 hours. The pelletization was then conducted by using a compact pressing machine with a pressure of 350 MPa. The compacted samples were then sintered at 800 °C for 2 hours either through the vacuum or PIST process. Finally, all were characterized, and MgB2 was discovered to be the dominant phase with minor impurity phases such as MgO, Mg, Mg2Sn, C, and Sn. Based on SEM morphological analysis, the grain boundaries of sample A1 were more precise than B2. In both, the grain size also varies, and the distribution of elements is uneven. Subsequently, Cryogenic Magnet Characterization indicated that at 40 K, almost all samples possess superconducting characteristics. For future studies, the potential impact of MgB2 on critical current density (Jc) and magnetic density (Hc) in several commercial applications such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), magnetic levitation, and transformers needs to be investigated

Colchicum speciosum Steven species is a perennial stemless plant. C. speciosum is a flowering herb native to mountainous regions of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. It has been known as "Vargit, Aci cigdem, Guz cigdemi". The present study reports the antimicrobial, antioxidant, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of corm, leaf and flower methanol extracts, anatomical (light and electron microscopes) properties of root, corm, leaf, flowers and morphological characteristics of C. speciosum. Three different part of extracts C. speciosum were evaluated against E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 19,659, C. albicans ATCC 10,231, C. krusei ATCC 14,243, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750. The most effective extract was found to be MeOH extract for corm and leaf against C. tropicalis ATCC 750 strain with MIC value 160 > mu g/mL. It has been investigated first time anatomy of the tepal, ovary, anther, filament of C. speciosum. Leaf extract was the highest phenolic component (78.61842 mu g GAE/mg extract). As a result of DPPH center dot and ABTS(center dot+) tests, it was determined that the leaf extract showed the best activity (IC50 = 6.568 mu g/mL and IC50 = 3.243 mu g/mL, respectively). Corm extract exhibited alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 21039 mu g/mL. This is the first study of the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, detailed anatomical and morphological properties of C. speciosum. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu

This article is devoted to the study of graduonymy in linguistics, as well as the study of the manifestation of graduonymy at different levels of language, as well as the analysis of the phenomenon of graduality in linguistics by clarifying the meaning of the word degree in linguistics. Information such as the increase or decrease of a degree sign relative to a norm or a particular situation, the fact that quality is a quantitative change, and that it occurs in the human mind and is expressed in language are reflected in this article.

Lysiteles Simon, 1895 is one of the largest taxa with small body size among the Thomisidae and is mainly distributed in East, South and Southeast Asia. Most of them are recorded from southern provinces of China, such as Jiangxi Province, including three species. However, all of them are only discovered from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. But there are still other species remaining unknown which need to be surveyed from other areas in this Province. One Lysiteles species was collected from Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. Based on morphological characters, it was recognised as a new species and has been named as Lysiteles nanfengmian sp. n. It is described and illustrated with photographs and its distribution is also mapped.

Lycoris longifolia, a new species from China, was described and illustrated here. Our phylogenomic evidence based on whole plastomes strongly supported the separate phylogenetic position of this new species, and it could also be easily distinguished by several morphological characters, such as its long leaves with a distinct purplish-red midrib on the abaxial surface.

It is challenging to establish a significant solution with computer techniques to improve the speed and efficiency of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) diagnosis. Several segmentation methods involving diverse precision and a degree of effort have been proposed and detailed within the related literature. Segmentation of Brain image is one of the significant clinical diagnostics implements. This paper proposes a modified (MDRLSE) calculation for haemorrhage segmentation on Computed Tomography (CT) images. The image noise that abdicates the obscured edges is utilized to portray the precise boundary of the haemorrhage region. The proposed segmentation technique achieved an accuracy rate of 97.16%. The technique is implemented using an edge-based involved contour model for image segmentation, providing a simple narrowband to significantly reduce computational costs. The performance results show that it is effective for TBI image segmentation in brain images with various characteristics.

Host-associated genetic differentiation in grasshoppers has received limited attention, due to a lack of information on grasshopper-plant associations. The bladder grasshopper, Bullacris unicolor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Pneumoridae), is a phytophagous species that can occur on at least six host plants within its geographic range. However, the relationship between host plant association and genetic variation of bladder grasshoppers has not been studied before. In light of this, the present study examined host plant-related genetic [mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions] and morphological (antennal length, body length, head width, abdomen width, femur length, tibia length and pronotum length) divergence within a population of B. unicolor. We used two plant species, belonging to different families, namely Didelta spinosa (L.fil.) Aiton (Asteraceae) and Roepera morgsana (L.) Beier & Thulin (Zygophyllaceae), to evaluate variation between individuals collected on these two sympatric host plants at a single locality in the Northern Cape, South Africa. The results demonstrated non-significant host related genetic variation with very low values of FST, indicating a low level of variation. The phylogram strongly indicated that there are no host-associated genetic differences in B. unicolor by displaying limited genomic clustering, whereas some differentiation was observed between the morphological measurements of males and females among host plants. Further studies using microsatellite molecular markers may help to discern population genetic structure. In addition, significant host-associated morphological divergence highlights the need to examine the mechanisms by which host utilization affects morphological features.

Problems associated with typhoid fever epidemic about its diagnosis in developing countries like Nigeria is a perennial healthcare challenge the healthcare sector grapples with. Improper diagnosis of clinical cases have also led to treatment failure and errors as diseases caused by other microorganisms are treated as typhoid fever especially as a result of inadequate reliable diagnostic laboratories. A total of 3,000 stool specimens from patients were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Of this, 1,391Salmonellaspp. were recovered, constituting 233 (88.14%)S. typhiwhile 158 (11.36%) were non-typhoidalSalmonella. S. typhiwas recovered from more females, 685(55.6%), than males, 548 (44.4%). The 41 and above age group had the highest incidence ofS. typhiof 220(17.8%) in females as against 280 (22.7%) in males within the 21-30 age group. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method by Kirby Bauer showed high multiple resistance to most of the 15 different antibiotics tested but susceptible to the first line typhoid fever drugs (chloramphenicol 85%, cotrimoxazole 86.7%, ampicillin 88.3% and amoxicillin 90%) and highly susceptible to third generation cephalosporins and fourth generation fluoroquinolones. TheS. typhitested showed four different resistance patterns. Plasmid profile analysis of 200 multiple antibiotic resistantSalmonellaisolates identified culturally and biochemically asS. typhibut by serotyping showedSalmonellaother thanS. typhiwere erroneously classified asS. typhi. Majority of theS. typhiharbored mostly small sized plasmids which ranged from 2.2 Kb to 55.5 Kb. It can be deduced from this study that multiple drug resistance inS. typhiis likely to be plasmid mediated. The eleven antibiotic resistance patterns were reduced to eight plasmid clones indicating the diagnostic efficacy of plasmid profiling over the former method.

This study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to compare Cemele pepper with other bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) genotypes with respect to agronomic and morphological traits. Totally 75 bell pepper genotypes were collected from the centrum and villages of Kırşehir province. For a total of 48 agronomic and morphological characteristics of pepper genotype, the characterization study of IPGRI according to the criteria of the International Union of Plant Protection Preservation (UPOV) were done made. As a result of the principal component analysis, total 11 main component axes were obtained and these axes represented 73.25% of the total variance. Genotypes were divided into 15 groups in dendrogram according to morphological and agronomic characteristics. The mean of the quantitative characteristics of each group was determined and it was determined which group or group was the difference between them. As a result of cluster analysis; D1, D20, D54, D67K, D43 and D39 coded genotypes were determined to be the most distant genotypes in terms of agronomic and morphological degree of relation. To conclude, with the identification of the geno-types of bell peppers in Kırşehir province, it will provide significant advantages in future pepper breeding studies as well as contributing to the formation of pepper database. © Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie.

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications on the morphological, ecological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the tench (Tinca tinca L.), its cultivation and the state of its stocks in natural water bodies. Methodology. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core has been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of interests includes the study of physiological, biochemical, ecological and other characteristics of cyprinids, in particular tench, as well as the restoration of its stocks. Key words: tench, reproduction, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, fishing.

To understand the relationship between the genotype of maize plants and differences in their origin and the ploidy of the genome, which carry gene alleles programming the biosynthesis of various starch modifications, the thermodynamic and morphological features of starches from the grains of these plants have been studied. This study investigated the peculiarities of starch extracted from subspecies of maize (the dry matter mass (DM) fraction, starch content in grain DM, ash content in grain DM, and amylose content in starch) belonging to different genotypes within the framework of the program for the investigation of polymorphism of the world collection of plant genetic resources VIR. Among the starch genotypes of maize studied, four groups comprised the waxy (wx), conditionally high amylose (“ae”), sugar (su), and wild (WT) genotypes. Starches with an amylose content of over 30% conditionally belonged to the “ae” genotype. The starches of the su genotype had fewer starch granules than other investigated genotypes. An increase in amylose content in the investigated starches, accompanied by a decrease in their thermodynamic melting parameters, induced the accumulation of defective structures in the starches under study. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated for dissociation of the amylose–lipid complex were temperature (Taml) and enthalpy (Haml); for the su genotype, temperature and enthalpy values of dissociation of the amylose–lipid complex were higher than in the starches from the “ae” and WT genotypes. This study has shown that the amylose content in starch and the individual features of the maize genotype determine the thermodynamic melting parameters of the starches under study.

This work aimed to study the thermal and crystalline properties of poly (1,4-phenylene sulfide)@carbon char nanocomposites. Coagulation-processed nanocomposites of polyphenylene sulfide were prepared using the synthesized mesoporous nanocarbon of coconut shells as reinforcement. The mesoporous reinforcement was synthesized using a facile carbonization method. The investigation of the properties of nanocarbon was completed using SAP, XRD, and FESEM analysis. The research was further propagated via the synthesis of nanocomposites through the addition of characterized nanofiller into poly (1,4-phenylene sulfide) at five different combinations. The coagulation method was utilized for the nanocomposite formation. The obtained nanocomposite was analyzed using FTIR, TGA, DSC, and FESEM analysis. The BET surface area and average pore volume of the bio-carbon prepared from coconut shell residue were calculated to be 1517 m2/g and 2.51 nm, respectively. The addition of nanocarbon to poly (1,4-phenylene sulfide) led to an increase in thermal stability and crystallinity up to 6% loading of the filler. The lowest glass transition temperature was achieved at 6% doping of the filler into the polymer matrix. It was established that the thermal, morphological, and crystalline properties were tailored by synthesizing their nanocomposites with the mesoporous bio-nanocarbon obtained from coconut shells. There is a decline in the glass transition temperature from 126 °C to 117 °C using 6% filler. The measured crystallinity was decreased continuously, with the mixing of the filler exhibiting the incorporation of flexibility in the polymer. So, the loading of the filler into poly (1,4-phenylene sulfide) can be optimized to enhance its thermoplastic properties for surface applications.

In this study, the conditioning effect of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with different charge densities on raw sludge (RS) and thermo-hydrolyzed sludge (HS) pretreated with or without ferric salt is studied through orthogonal experiments. In addition, this paper uses the principles of rheology and morphology to analyze and clarify the conditioning mechanism of RS and HS, and reveals the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis to improve the dewatering performance of sludge. Compared with the RS, the HS has smaller particle size, better filterability, stronger fluidity and more obvious thixotropy. However, due to the influence of filter pressing time, ferric salt should be added before conditioning. The orthogonal experiment shows that the optimal conditioner is CPAM with charge density of 60, and the specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time of the adjusted thermo-hydrolyzed sludge are reduced to (1.11 ± 0.07) × 1012 m/kg and 16.1 ± 1.8 s; the particle size increased from 61.2 to 253.5 μm. The moisture content of the sludge cake is about 48%. The structural strength and thixotropy of HS are higher than those of the RS, and can be greatly improved by adding ferric salt. Morphological analysis confirms that thermal hydrolysis can lyse microbial cells in sludge, and the sludge treated with ferric salt will have more porous structure and stronger flocculation strength. HIGHLIGHTS Effects of CPAM on conditioning of raw sludge and thermal hydrolysis sludge were studied.; Thermal hydrolysis treatment will improve sludge dewatering capacity and fluidity.; Ferric salt treatment enhanced structural strength and thixotropy of conditioned thermal hydrolysis sludge.; Rheological analysis can be used as a new tool to reflect the dewatering capacity of sludge.

Changes in the river morphology require knowledge of the suite of drivers that control it, whether natural or human. The study aims to analyze the anthropogenic influences on morphological changes in the Progo River using Google Earth Images. It is essential to know the recent changes in the morphology of the Progo River so that stakeholders can make policies to control human activities that influence the morphology changes of the Progo River. The study area is located in Bantul Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Java Island, Indonesia. The size of ​​the Progo River watershed is around 17,432 square kilometers. Google Earth Images analysis is carried out to analyze the morphological changes of the Progo River from 2012 to 2019. The result shows that land-use changes due to dam construction affected the sediment supply downstream of the dam. In addition, land-use changes around the Progo River due to the opening of agricultural land and settlement areas had an effect on decreasing the infiltration area, so that the number of trees holding the soil from erosion was reduced, producing more eroded sediment that flowed to the river. Sand mining in the river could cause the deepening of water depths and a decrease in the average height of the riverbed.

Contains fulltext : 244044.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) PURPOSE: Perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) was initially described as an isolated aneurysmal lesion in healthy eyes. Similar aneurysmal abnormalities may occur in association with retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusions (PEVAC-resembling). The aim of this study was to compare several imaging characteristics of PEVAC and PEVAC-resembling lesions. METHODS: Ten eyes with a PEVAC and 27 eyes with a PEVAC-resembling lesion were included in this cross-sectional study. They were all imaged with optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCT-A) and colour fundus photography (CFP). Several clinical, morphological and vascular characteristics were assessed and compared between both PEVAC types. RESULTS: All PEVAC lesions were unilateral, while PEVAC-resembling lesions appeared bilateral in 23% of patients (p > 0.05). Unilateral multifocal PEVAC-resembling lesions were more frequently observed (56%) than unilateral multifocal PEVAC lesions (10%, p 0.05). No notable differences were observed in other studied characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical, morphological and vascular features of PEVAC and PEVAC-resembling lesions are similar based on multimodal imaging. Given the bilaterality and multifocality seen in PEVAC-resembling lesions, an underlying retinal vascular disease may stimulate the quantity of aneurysmal abnormalities. Due to the similarities with PEVAC-resembling lesions, PEVAC may also be considered a microangiopathy but with an unknown origin.

Introduction. Augmentation urethroplasty using buccal mucosa is currently the optimal method for treating extended urethral strictures. However, this surgery is associated with a fairly high frequency of relapses and complications. One of the reasons that can determine the success or negative outcome of surgery is the morphological structure of the graft, which requires more in-depth research. Purpose of the study . To evaluate the initial morphological state of the buccal mucosa in men and determine the feasibility of its pharmacotherapeutic preparation as a predictor of improving the quality of autograft engraftment in augmentation urethroplasty. Materials and methods . The morphological structure of buccal mucosa fragments was studied in 20 patients with extended strictures of the spongy urethra. The objects of morphological research were intact oral mucosa before augmentation urethroplasty (1 biopsy) and mucosal fragments after 7 days of oral treatment with «Listerine» antiseptic solution (2 biopsies). The biopsy material was examined microscopically using standard staining (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemical methods. Results. The initial histological structure of the buccal mucosa in every third patient was accompanied by inflammatory infiltration at the level of the subepithelial layer with desquamation of the epithelium. a pronounced increase and strengthening of intercellular contacts in grafts proved histologically and immunohistochemically, which was characterized by pronounced expression of antibodies throughout the thickness of the epithelial layer, after week-long handling of the oral cavity with an antiseptic. At the same time, there is a «self-organization» of the submucosal base by reducing oedema, strengthening intercellular and focal adhesion contacts, with an increase in the components of the vascular bed and the number of vascular «plumules». Conclusion. Thus, a week-long preoperative treatment of the oral cavity allows stopping damage to the epithelium and inflammatory infiltration in the submucosal base with an improvement in its vascularization, which can be regarded as a positive factor for subsequent graft implantation.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:20:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-08 UESB (Universidade Estadual Sudoeste da Bahia) FAPESB (FundacAo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Key Message First study of mepiquat chloride as a growth regulator inEucalyptus. Application of mepiquat chloride inEucalyptusclones at planting may promote drought resistance. The reduction of available areas has pushedEucalyptusaway to marginal areas with low water availability. Management practices such as the application of growth retardants may have potential to modify plant morphological and physiological features, increasing their drought tolerance. Trying to understand the drought tolerance mechanisms ofEucalyptusclones, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different mepiquat chloride (MC) concentrations toEucalyptusclones on morphological and physiological changes. Commercial clones ofE. grandisxE. urophyllahybrid were planted in 20 L pots in a complete randomized block design with eight replications and four treatments. The treatments consisted of three concentrations of MC: 250, 500 and 1000 mg L(-1)of MC. The control treatment consisted of a non-MC application (0 mg L(-1)of MC). Evaluations of morphological and physiological parameters were carried out for 35 days after the MC application. Results indicated morphophysiological changes after the MC application.Eucalyptusclones increased root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), number of leaves and secondary branches, and decreased height. MC application modified the physiological plant system improving intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and SPAD index, and decreasing transpiration rates (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). RDM, TDM, E, WUE(i)and SPAD index improved when 250 and 500 mg L-1MC concentration were applied. Our results suggest that MC application may promote drought resistance toEucalyptusclones. Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Forest Sci, Lavras, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia UESB, Dept Crop & Anim Sci, Vitoria Da Conquista, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Minas Gerais, Dept Agron, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Agron, Agr, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Agron, Agr, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

The purpose of this research is to provide insight into the characteristics of the Amiyah Egyptian language from a sociolinguistic point of view. This research was conducted by examining a variety of literature relating to the object of study and also the deepening of the material regarding sociolinguistics itself. The research method used is note taking, which takes data from YouTube consisting of 10 video objects whose results are presented in descriptive form. The procedures of the research are as 1) listening to every phrase which is spoken by the speaker, 2) writing the vocabulary that has phonological differences with Arabic Fusha, 3) classifying data according to sound change prepositions, 4) analyzing data related to phonological and morphological aspects, 5) doing further analysis related to the sociolinguistic point of view, 6) presents the results of the study. The results of this study, Amiyah Arabic is not included as a language but as a dialect that emerges from a basic language, namely Fusha Arabic. However, amiyah language has different phonological and morphological aspects that have become characteristic of being another language. This was explained by the social conditions of the Egyptian community who held that the language variations formed were higher social classes than the existing basic language namely fusha language.

The present work deal with the morphological characters of the fruits and seed of the cultivars belonging to the species Morus alba L. Namely ("Beautiful Day", "Big White", "Rease", "Greece", "Pearl", "Border Sweet", "Pendula"); Morus latifolia Poir ("Kokuse Korean"); Morus rubra L. ("Amarah"); Morus nigra ("Shami"); Morus macroura Miq ("King White"); "Dwarf" and Morus hybrid ("Tice", "Wellington") Which cultirated in North of Iraq. The study includes the characters of the fruits (Shape, Color, Dimension, Size, Number of the fruitlet in the fruit) and the characters of the seeds (Shape, Color, Dimension, Number of the seeds in the fruit, and surface ornamentation). The results of some morphological characteristic of the fruits and seeds examined by light microscope (L.M), in addition to the surface ornamentation of the seeds examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Showed five type of the surface ornamentation (Reticulate, Muricate, Foreate undulate, Polygonal, and Ruminate) for cultivars species studied, showed that importance value in the separation between the cultivars of the species studied belonging to the genus Morus L.

Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically important tropical fruit consumed all over the world due to its large fruit with a soft, sweet pulp. In this study, morphological characters of sixty (60) randomly selected mango trees growing on Kogi State University campus, Anyigba were examined. These characters were examined by comparison with those highlighted in mango descriptor by International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The characters studied were crown shape, tree growth habit, leaf blade shape, leaf altitude in relation to branch, leaf apex shape, leaf margin, leaf base shape, and colour of fully developed leaf. Results revealed that 53.30% of the selected trees had broadly pyramidal crown shape; the highest percentage observed, none of the trees had spherical crown shape. There was no Drooping tree growth habit while spreading tree growth habit was the highest in 68.30% of the selected trees. Ovate, lanceolate and oblanceolate leaf blade shapes were not observed in any of the selected trees while oblong was the highest leaf blade shape observed in 50% of the selected trees. For leaf Apex Shape; Acuminate was observed in 65% of the selected trees, Acute in 35% and obtuse in none of the selected trees. Most of the trees had entire leaf margin with a percentage of 98.30% of the trees having the entire leaf margin. There were morphological variations among the selected trees for all the characters studied.&nbsp

The present study demonstrated isolation and characterization of 48 bacterial strains (ABOs01-ABOs48) from rhizosphere of rice plant (Oryza sativa) of Rind Jada (Kahror Pacca), Punjab, Pakistan. Morphological studies including colony color, bacterial shape and gram staining were performed and colonies were observed to be either orange yellow, light yellow, pink, greenish yellow, white, or off-white in appearance. Gram staining showed that out of 48 isolates, 38 were gram positive and 10 were gram negative. Various Biochemical tests were performed to identify these strains; the results were used to identify these strains at the species levels. These strains belongs to the following species Erwinia stewartii (13), Klebsiella terrigena (9), Klebsiella pneumonia susp. Ozaene (8), Serratia plymuthica (6), Yersinia (5), Escherichia blattae (5), 1 Edwardsiella ictaluri (1), and Obesumbacterium proteus (1). Additionally, amylase test showed that 39 strains were positive while 9 were negative. Conversely, all strains were negative for cellulase production. Finally, Antibiotics resistance showed 23 isolates were sensitive vs 25 resistant to ampicillin and 4 isolates were resistant vs 44 sensitive to penicillin. These findings suggested a great microbial diversity in rice plant rhizosphere which demands more investigations for agricultural and industrial purposes.

This article analyzes the English-Uzbek translation problems of nouns in the Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini from the point of the morphological and syntactical factors that influence the reader`s understanding of their essence. That is why; this article proposes templates that include etymological, morphological and syntactical analysis before the act of translation., В данной статье анализируются проблемы англо-узбекского перевода существительных в произведении Халеда Хоссейни «Бегущий за ветром» с точки зрения морфологических и синтаксических факторов, влияющих на понимание читателем их сущности. Поэтому; в данной статье предлагаются шаблоны, включающие этимологический, морфологический и синтаксический анализ перед актом перевода.

Mazkur maqolada lingvistik tipologiyaning tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni, zamonaviy tillar tipologiyasining ahamiyati haqida so‘z boradi. Shuningdek, lingvistik tipologiyada tillarning o‘zaro umumiy va xususiy belgilari o‘rganilishi, lingvistik tipologiyadagi asosiy uslublar haqidagi nazariyalar keltiriladi. Sharq tillarini tipologik tahlil qilganda uchraydigan asosiy muammolar va ularning yechimi keltiriladi., The article considers of the role of linguistic typology in linguistics, its interrelationship with other disciplines, and the importance of typology of modern languages. Also, theories about the study of common and specific features of languages in linguistic typology, the main methods in linguistic typology are presented. The main problems encountered in the typological analysis of Eastern languages and their solutions are presented.

Guava is an important revenue generating crop for small, medium, and commercial guava cultivators all over the world. Nematode infestation is one of the factors that cause declines in fruit production. Researches have proven that the application of plant growth regulators induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in Guava. IBA is one such plant growth regulator, and its effects on guava plants has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this research is focused on the optimization of IBA concentrations, which results in the induction and production of maximum defense-related proteins to defend against root knot nematode. The present study includes the application of IBA on M. enterolobii-infested experimental guava plants at different concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 2000 ppm. The synthesis of defense-related proteins is identified with 1000 ppm of IBA. At this concentration, IBA influences the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and enhances the induction of defense-related proteins in M. enterolobii-infested experimental guava plants. Thus, 1000 ppm of IBA prevents nematode infestation in Lucknow-49 guava plants.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different field capacity saturation degrees (FCSD) on some morphological characteristics of cotton varieties. The experiment was established as split-plot in RCBD with three replications at Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture in 2014-2015. The main parcels, FCSD (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%) and the sub parcels were cotton varieties (Stoneville-453, GW-Teks, and Deltaopal). In the study, the traits such as plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), root length (cm), leaf area index, and height/nod ratio and cotton seed yield (kg.da-1) were investigated. According to the average of 2014-2015, the main root length values of cotton varieties were between 40.25 cm (GW-Teks) and 43.52 cm (Stoneville-453); the main root length values of different FCSD applications ranged from 31.15 cm (100%) to 49.59 cm (20%). Cotton varieties in terms of cotton seed yield were changed between 301.42 kg.da-1 (GW-Teks) and 335.71 kg.da-1 (Stoneville-453); in different FCSD applications, ranged from 146.04 kg da-1 (20%) to 506.38 kg.da-1 (80%) Negative correlation was found between drought stress conditions and main root length trait; positive correlation was found between traits such as plant height, height/nod ratio, stem diameter, leaf area index Farklı tarla kapasitesi doygunluk derecelerinin (TKDD), pamuk çeşitlerinde bazı morfolojik özelliklere etkilerinin incelendiği bu çalışma, Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında 2014-2015 yıllarında tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parseller, farklı tarla kapasitesi doygunluk derecelerini (TKDD) (% 100, %80, %60, %40) alt parseller ise pamuk çeşitlerini (Stoneville-453, GW-Teks ve Deltaopal) oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada bitki boyu (cm), gövde çapı (cm), ana kök uzunluğu (cm), yaprak alan indeksi, boy/nod oranı ve pamuk kütlü verimi (kg/da) özellikleri incelenmiştir. 2014-2015 yılları ortalamasına göre pamuk çeşitlerinin ana kök uzunluğu değerleri, 40.25 cm (GW-Teks) ile 43.52 cm (Stoneville-453) arasında; farklı TKDD uygulamalarında ana kök uzunluğu değerleri, 31.15 cm (%100) ile 49.59 cm (%20) arasında değişim göstermiştir. Pamuk kütlü verimi yönünden çeşitler, 301.42 kg/da (GW-Teks) ile 335.71 kg/da (Stoneville-453) arasında; farklı TKDD uygulamaları ise 146.04 kg/da (%20) ile 506.38 kg/da (%80) arasında değişmiştir. Kuraklık stresi koşulları ile ana kök uzunluğu özelliği arasında negatif korelasyon; bitki boyu, boy/nod oranı, gövde çapı, yaprak alan indeksi özellikleri arasında ise pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır.

The Gammarus zhouqiongi sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The new species is characterized by pereopods III-IV with long straight setae on posterior margins and inner ramus of uropod III 0.7 times as long as outer ramus. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) sequence differs from the other Gammarus species in Xinjiang by 16.6%-32.4% in K2P distance. The mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear markers (28S, EF1α) show that the new species is an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree. A key to identify Gammarus species in the Xinjiang are also provided.

During a survey of aquatic fungi from Anzali Lagoon in Iran, several fungal specimens were isolated from freshwater habitats. Morphological evidence and comparing sequencing based on rDNA (ITS and LSU) and protein-coding genes (TEF1 and TUB2) showed that some isolates belong to undescribed fungal species. These isolates belong to Arthrobotrys and Sarocladium, two ascomycetes genera. Arthrobotrys hyrcanus, sp. nov., differs from closely related species such as A. dianchiensis by its larger conidia and septation of primary conidia. Sarocladium pseudokiliense, sp. nov., was similar to S. kiliense, but distinguished by its conidial shape and the absence of adelophialides and chlamydospores. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and multilocus phylogenetic analysis for both new species are provided.

Choirunnisa JP, Widiyastuti Y, Sakya AT, Yunus A. 2021. Morphological characteristics and flavonoid accumulation of Echinacea purpurea cultivated at various salinity. Biodiversitas 22: 3716-3721. Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) is an introduced medicinal plant from North America. E. purpurea has high morphological characteristics on stems, leaves and flowers. This plant has not much cultivated as a raw material for traditional medicine in Indonesia due to not much information about flavonoid accumulation of E. purpurea in this country. The purpose of this research was to study morphological characteristics from three accessions of E. purpurea cultivated with various salinity and to select E. purpurea accessions that have high flavonoid accumulation. This study design using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is 3 accessions of E. purpurea (E1; E2; E3). The second factor is 4 levels of CaCl2 (0 ppm; 2500 ppm; 5000 ppm; 10000 ppm). The study was conducted by observing the morphological characteristics of stems, leaves flowers, and herb extract and flavonoid accumulation were analyzed using SPSS. The results demonstrated that morphological characteristics are easy to observed on leaf shape and flower color. The highest herb extract with 10.043% and flavonoid accumulation with 0.510% were in accession 2 with the addition of CaCl2 concentration of 10000 ppm. This study concludes that there are morphological characteristics of E. purpurea cultivated at various salinity and the highest CaCl2 concentration can increase with significance to herb extract and flavonoid accumulation.

In the current research, the effect of solution molarity on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of nanostructured Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nano thin films as anti-cancer nano drug in cancer cells, tissues and tumors under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) the effect of solution molarity on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of nanostructured Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nano thin films as anti-cancer nano drug in cancer cells, tissues and tumors under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations produced using sol-gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude-Lorentz model for parametric di-electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Lovenberg-Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. Keywords:Tructural; Morphological; Optical and Electrical Properties; Nanostructured Cadmium Oxide (CdO); Nano Thin Films; Anti-Cancer Nano Drug; Cancer Cells; Tissues and Tumors; Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations https://www.raftpubs.com/ijho-hematology-and-oncology/articles/ijho_raft1010.php

Pulses in Pakistan is used in combination with cereals to balance the diet. Its area and production is decreasing for last many years. In the barren and partly arid regions, water shortage is the major component that restricts yield. Using of drought resistance plant is one of the best ways for good cultivation under drought condition. As the pulses have great nutritional and economical values and drought stress affect their morphological features. The legume yield is mostly cultured in rain fed region of the Punjab where they bear a slighter quantity of water situation resulting in low yield of bean. To overcome these problems it is necessary to get knowledge about the performance of different lines of different pulses crops under water stress conditions. That‘s why in this paper the information about the previous literature has been discussed.

The paper presents the physical characterizations of undoped and (Sn, Mn, Fe and In) doped Cupric Oxide (CuO) thin films prepared by sol-gel spin-coating process. The first aim of the work is to investigate the relation between the electrical resistivity and the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of pure deposited CuO films, second is to explore the impact of introducing diverse dopants on the nonlinear optical responses. In this study, we demonstrate that we can control the electrical and also the nonlinear optical properties of the obtained structure using a different number of deposited layers. Moreover, the influence of doping due to variations in the microstructure and morphology is examined and discussed. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

BRs (brassinosteroids), an endogenous hormone in plants, regulate cellulose accumulation, cell elongation and plant growth. Propiconazole (PCZ) is an effective inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. DCB (2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile) can inhibit the synthesis of cellulose and affects the chemical composition of cell walls. Celery is one important leafy vegetable of the Apiaceae family with rich dietary fiber (including cellulose). The petioles length, leaf blades number and cellulose content determine the yield and quality of celery. The family members of AgCESAs are related to cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants. To investigate the effects of BRs, PCZ and DCB on the growth of celery, celery cv. ‘Jinnan Shiqin’ plants were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL, most active form of BRs), PCZ and DCB, respectively. The results showed that exogenous application of BRs up-regulated the expression of AgCESAs genes and accumulated more cellulose in celery. The length of petioles and number of leaf blades in celery plants applied with exogenous BRs (1.24 × 10−6 mol/L 24-EBL) were increased 2.16 and 1.37 times of that in the control. The addition of PCZ inhibited the effects of exogenous BRs application. The lengths of hypocotyl and hypocotyl cells of celery plants treated with BRs were longer than that of the control. Under DCB treatments, the expression levels of AgCESAs genes in celery petioles and leaf blades were down-regulated compared with the control, and the celery plants showed decreased cellulose content, shorter petiole length and fewer leaf blades. The length of hypocotyl and hypocotyl cells of celery treated with DCB were shorter than that of the control. This study provided a reference for the functions of BRs and DCB on the growth and development of celery.

Arthrobotrys is the most complex genus of Orbiliaceae nematode-trapping fungi. Its members are widely distributed in various habitats worldwide due to their unique nematode-trapping survival strategies. During a survey of nematophagous fungi in Yunnan Province, China, twelve taxa were isolated from terrestrial soil and freshwater sediment habitats and were identified as six new species in Arthrobotrys based on evidence from morphological and multigene (ITS, TEF, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses. These new species i.e., Arthrobotrys eryuanensis, A. jinpingensis, A. lanpingensis, A. luquanensis, A. shuifuensis, and A. zhaoyangensis are named in recognition of their places of origin. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes, and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis are provided for all new taxa. In addition, a key to known species in Arthrobotrys is provided, and the inadequacies in the taxonomic study of nematode-trapping fungi are also discussed.

Asmara IY, Garnida D, Tanwiriah W, Partasasmita R. 2019. Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 126-133. Pelung chickens are indigenous chickens in Indonesia derived from Cianjur District, West Java Province. The chickens which are raised as singing chickens have a distinctive body shape compared to other local chickens. Regular contests are conducted as a media to show singing ability and performance including morphological characteristics of Pelung chickens. Pelung keepers believe that the chickens inherited their singing capability from their parents. Pelung keepers perceived qualitative traits for example plumage color as an indicator of a good female breed. The objective of this study was to determine the qualitative traits of female Pelung Chickens in West Java. This study recorded comb type, color of eye, beak, skin, plumage and shank including traditional name related to the morphological traits. A survey was conducted to gather data involving 160 chickens in four districts in West Java Province, including Cianjur, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Garut Districts. The results showed that adult female Pelung chickens have similar qualitative characteristics except for plumage color. The majority of pelung chickens in Bandung, Garut, and Sukabumi have black plumage, while in Cianjur District have yellow-brown color. The chicken contest seems to be the main factor dictating keepers’ preferences in terms of plumage color in Bandung, Garut and Sukabumi Districts. This study indicates a decreasing variation in plumage color of female Pelung chickens. These findings are important in terms of breeding strategy of Pelung chickens.

Sambucus L. (Adoxaceae) with 25 extant taxa is a tall tree-like shrub and can be found growing in temperate and subtropical regions in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America (Mabberley 2008). Sambucus was previously classified in the Caprifoliaceae family but due to new genetic research and reclassification (Donoghue 2003), it now belongs to Adoxaceae family. A large number of variants are known in horticulture (Bean 1951). This genus includes two species in Iran namely, S. ebulus L. and S. nigra L. that distributed in the North, Northwest and Northeast of Iran (Jamzad 1993). In this concept, Sambucus L. is widely known for its species properties, for example, S. nigra L. had its immunomodulatory functions pointed out by Barsett et al. (2012) and S. ebulus L. has anti-inflammatory activity (Ebrahimzadeh et al. 2006).

Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been categorized based on tumor location as intrahepatic (ICCA), perihilar (PCCA) or distal (DCCA), and based on the morphology of the tumor of the bile duct as mass forming (MF), periductal infiltrating (PI) or intraductal (ID). To date, there is limited evidence available regarding the survival of CCA among these different anatomical and morphological classifications. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and median survival time after curative surgery among CCA patients according to their anatomical and morphological classifications, and to determine the association between these classifications and survival. Methods This study included CCA patients who underwent curative surgery from the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Northeast Thailand. The anatomical and morphological classifications were based on pathological findings after surgery. Survival rates of CCA and median survival time since the date of CCA surgery and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multiple cox regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with survival which were quantified by hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CIs. Results Of the 746 CCA patients, 514 had died at the completion of the study which constituted 15,643.6 person-months of data recordings. The incidence rate was 3.3 per 100 patients per month (95% CI: 3.0–3.6), with median survival time of 17.8 months (95% CI: 15.4–20.2), and 5-year survival rate of 24.6% (95% CI: 20.7–28.6). The longest median survival time was 21.8 months (95% CI: 16.3–27.3) while the highest 5-year survival rate of 34.8% (95% CI: 23.8–46.0) occurred in the DCCA group. A combination of anatomical and morphological classifications, PCCA+ID, was associated with the longest median survival time of 40.5 months (95% CI: 17.9–63.0) and the highest 5-year survival rate of 42.6% (95% CI: 25.4–58.9). The ICCA+MF combination was associated with survival (adjusted HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01–2.09; P = 0.013) compared to ICCA+ID patients. Conclusions Among patients receiving surgical treatment, those with PCCA+ID had the highest 5-year survival rate, which was higher than in groups classified by only anatomical characteristics. Additionally, the patients with ICCA+MF tended to have unfavorable surgical outcomes. Showed the highest survival association. Therefore, further investigations into CCA imaging should focus on patients with a combination of anatomical and morphological classifications.

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Songklanakarin Journal of Science an Technology (SJST), 43, 6, 1743-1750

Young children have difficulties in understanding untypical causal relations. Although we know that hearing a causal description facilitates this understanding, less is known about what particular features of causal language are responsible for this facilitation. Here, we asked two questions. First, do syntactic and morphological cues in the grammatical structure of sentences facilitate the extraction of causal meaning? Second, do these different cues influence this facilitation to different degrees? We studied children learning either Swiss German or Turkish, two languages that differ in their expression of causality. Swiss German predominantly uses lexical causatives (e.g., schniidä [cut]), which lack a formal marker to denote causality. Turkish, alongside lexical causatives, uses morphological causatives, which formally mark causation (e.g., ye [eat] vs. yeDIr [feed]). We tested 2.5- to 3.5-year-old children's understanding of untypical cause–effect relations described with either noncausal language (e.g., Here is a cube and a car) or causal language using a pseudo-verb (e.g., lexical: The cube gorps the car). We tested 135 Turkish-learning children (noncausal, lexical, and morphological conditions) and 90 Swiss-German-learning children (noncausal and lexical conditions). Children in both language groups performed better in the causal language condition(s) than in the noncausal language condition. Furthermore, Turkish-learning children's performance in both the lexical and morphological conditions was similar to that of Swiss-German-learning children in the lexical condition and did not differ from each other. These findings suggest that the structural cues of causal language support children's understanding of untypical causal relations regardless of the type of construction., NA

Nightshades are among many underutilized and neglected African indigenous leafy vegetable (AILVs) species, and if adequately exploited, they could improve food, nutrition and income among the rural population. Morphological characterization of available accessions is key for the breeder to identify and select superior accessions as parents for utilization in breeding programs. Fifteen accessions of nightshade were evaluated for morpho-agronomic variation in an open field trial implemented in a randomized complete block design with three replicates across the two growing seasons. The accessions exhibited significant (p < 0.0001) differences in all quantitative traits. The data analysis showed that Scabrum (805.30 g/plant) followed by Ncampus (718.60 g/plant) produced the highest fresh leaf yield; for fruit fresh yield, the accession NigSN18 (1782.00 g/plant) recorded the highest, followed by ManTown (1507.90 g/plant). The accession N5547 had the tallest plants (66.83 cm), followed by accession Timbali (62.31 cm). The first four principal components (PCs) accounted for 86.82% of the total variation, which had an eigenvalue greater than 1. The cluster analysis grouped the accessions into 14 clusters based on their genetic similarity. Results of genetic studies revealed that phenotypic coefficient variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all parameters evaluated, indicating the environmental influence on the expression of these traits. Both GCV and PCV were higher for the largest leaf area, moderate to high for the remaining characters and low for leaf fresh yield per plant. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as a mean percentage (H2-70.59%, GAM-142.4%), indicating the presence of additive gene effects. Hence, selection can be employed for the improvement of this trait in nightshades. The study revealed sufficient genetic variability in the nightshade accessions, which can be exploited for crop improvement.

BackgroundThe large volume and suboptimal image quality of portable chest X-rays (CXRs) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could post significant challenges for radiologists and frontline physicians. Deep-learning artificial intelligent (AI) methods have the potential to help improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy for reading portable CXRs.PurposeThe study aimed at developing an AI imaging analysis tool to classify COVID-19 lung infection based on portable CXRs.Materials and methodsPublic datasets of COVID-19 (N = 130), bacterial pneumonia (N = 145), non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia (N = 145), and normal (N = 138) CXRs were analyzed. Texture and morphological features were extracted. Five supervised machine-learning AI algorithms were used to classify COVID-19 from other conditions. Two-class and multi-class classification were performed. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired two-tailedttests with unequal variance between groups. Performance of classification models used the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsFor the two-class classification, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 100%, 100%, and 100% for COVID-19 vs normal; 96.34%, 95.35% and 97.44% for COVID-19 vs bacterial pneumonia; and 97.56%, 97.44% and 97.67% for COVID-19 vs non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia. For the multi-class classification, the combined accuracy and AUC were 79.52% and 0.87, respectively.ConclusionAI classification of texture and morphological features of portable CXRs accurately distinguishes COVID-19 lung infection in patients in multi-class datasets. Deep-learning methods have the potential to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy for portable CXRs.

The cast aluminum-silicon alloys are used to make various automobile components like pistons, cylinder blocks, piston insert rings, connecting rod, brake disc, etc. but low strength, hardness, and wear resistance restricted their use in several applications. Silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composites exhibit better properties than base metal alloys. As an alloying element, the chromium improves the hardness, strength, and elastic limit of the steel. In this study, the characterization of Al-Si alloy-based metal matrix composites that are reinforced with silicon carbide and chromium is performed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), microhardness test, tensile test, sliding wear test, scratch test, and porosity analysis. The aluminum matrix composites with a varying weight percent of chromium (0-3 wt.% in steps of 1.5) and a fixed percentage of silicon carbide (10%) were formulated through the vortex casting process. The SEM and EDS images illustrate the occurrence and somewhat uniform dispersion of the reinforcement particulates. In hybrid composites, the Cr3C2 compound formation is observed with the least intensity. The reinforcement content contributes significantly to improve the hardness, strength, abrasion resistance, and wear resistance along with a modest reduction in the ductility and gain in friction coefficient. The porosity level obtained in the composites revealed that composites are free from casting defects.

The presence of molds, especially certain species of Aspergillus, in food commodities may contribute to aflatoxin contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of Aspergillus species in dairy feeds from farms in select locations in Zimbabwe and assess their aflatoxin production potential using a polyphasic approach. A total of 96 feed samples were collected, which consisted of dairy feed concentrate, mixed ration, brewers’ spent grain, and grass from 13 farms during the dry season (August–October, 2016) and the following rainy season (January–March, 2017). A total of 199 presumptive isolates representing four sections from genus Aspergillus (Nigri, Fumigati, Flavi, and Circumdati) were recovered from the feeds. Section Flavi, which includes several aflatoxin producers, constituted 23% (n = 46) of the isolates. Species from this section were A. flavus, A. nomius, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, and A. parvisclerotigenus, and 39 (84.4%) of these showed evidence of aflatoxin production in plate assays. Of the 46 section Flavi isolates examined, some lacked one or more of the five targeted aflatoxin cluster genes (aflD, aflR, aflS, aflM, and aflP). The presence of the five genes was as follows: aflD (76.9%), aflR (48.7%), aflS (74.4%), aflM (64.1%), and aflP (79.5%). This study highlights the species diversity of aflatoxigenic fungi that have the potential to contaminate different types of feed for dairy cows. Our findings underscore the importance of preventing contamination of feedstuffs by these fungi so that aflatoxins do not end up in the diets of consumers.

Objective: Posterior communicating artery bifurcation aneurysms (PcomA-BAs) and infundibular dilations (PcomA-IDs) are found at the junction between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the posterior communicating artery (PcomA). Several studies found that PcomA-IDs potentially progress to aneurysms and can even rupture. In our clinical practice, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) helps differentiate PcomA-IDs from unruptured PcomA-BAs. However, when PcomA-IDs are >3 mm in diameter or PcomA are absent on DSA, it is challenging to use DSA to differentiate PcomA-IDs from unruptured PcomA-BAs. Hemodynamic and morphological factors are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis, progression, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. We compared hemodynamic and morphological differences in unruptured PcomA-BAs and PcomA-IDs to better manage PcomA-IDs.Methods: We included 83 PcomA-IDs and 115 unruptured PcomA-BAs dignosed and measured using DSA from January 2015 to January 2019. Computational fluid dynamics was performed on these patient-specific models reconstructed using axial slices in DICOM format. Clinical, hemodynamic, and morphological factors were compared between the PcomA-IDs and PcomA-BAs. Significant parameters were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed on the independent risk factors to acquire cutoff values.Results: One hemodynamic and four morphyological parameters were significantly different between PcomA-IDs and PcomA-BAs: normalized wall shear stress (NWSS), size, the angle between the ophthalmic segment of the ICA and the PcomA (APcomA), the angle between the ophthalmic and the communicating segment of the ICA (AICA) and the diameter of the PcomA (DPcomA). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that small size and DPcomA as well as APcomA were all independent significant factors characterizing the status of PcomA-IDs and the ROC analysis for independent risk factors indicated the cutoff values of size, APcomA, and DPcomA were 3.45 mm, 66.27°, and 1.24 mm, respectively.Conclusions: Size, DpcomA, and ApcomA could independently characterize the status of PcomA-IDs. These might help us better differentiate them from real aneurysms and guide its management.

Although 20 % of the extant mammalians are chiropterans, there are only a few studies about their skull morphology. The aim of this work is to broaden the knowledge in this field by investigating Eidolon helvum skulls and describing their anatomical characters with a particular focus on general shape, sutures, foramina and processes. We study the external surface of the bones and make a detailed description of 6 rostral bones (nasal, premaxilla, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, jugal), 9 cranial bones (frontal, parietal, interparietal, pterygoid, sphenoid complex, squamosal, petrosal, ectotympanic, occipital complex) and the mandible. We also make a radiographic analysis by taking X-ray images in lateral and dorsoventral direction. Comparisons with other bats like Pteropus lylei and Desmodus rotundus show interspecific variations. So this work helps building a solid basis for further phylogenetic, functional or systematic studies.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Pistachio Shell powder on some properties of (heatcure) PMMA acrylic resin that’s popularly used as denture base material, where this natural powder had been add in different weight fraction (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt. %) and different average particle size (53μm, 106μm, 150μm, and 212μm). Tensile and SEM test had been studied, the results where statistically analyzed by using SPSS (one-way ANOVA) program to evaluate the mean value and show the significant difference for each particle size. The results were as the following: the tensile strength and elongation percentage were dropped with increasing the weight the weight of Pistachio Shell powder, while the Young’s modulus had been increased with increasing the weight fraction of Pistachio Shell powder and reached its maximum value at (12 wt. %) of average particle size (53μm). SEM results show that the smoothness of fractured surface will increase and that is suggesting a brittle to semi ductile transformation.

В статье представлены результаты исследования морфофункциональных параметров спермопродукции самцов норок и аналитический мониторинг состояния развития пушного звероводства за рубежом и в России. Определены основные репродуктивные дефекты гамет самцов норок, установленные с помощью визуального метода световой микроскопии, а также, путем применения автоматического спермоанализатора. Представленные результаты направлены на расширение и пополнение научных данных о составе и качестве эякулята норок и послужат необходимой базовой информацией при создании криобанка племенной продукции пушных зверей, что в перспективе может определить стратегическое развитие отечественных звероводческих ферм, нацеленных на повышение рентабельности своих предприятий и пушно-меховой индустрии в целом., The article presents the results of a study of morphological and functional parameters of semen production, self-testing and analytical monitoring of the state of development of fur farming abroad. The main defects of the gametes of male minks were determined, established using the visual method of light microscopy, as well as by means of an automatic sperm analyzer. The main reproductive defects of the gametes of male minks were determined, they were established using the visual method of light microscopy, and using an automatic sperm analyzer. The presented results are aimed at expanding and replenishing scientific data on the composition and quality of mink ejaculate. They will serve as the necessary basic information when creating a cryobank of breeding products of fur animals, which in the future can determine the strategic development of domestic fur farms aimed at increasing the profitability of their enterprises and the fur industry generally.