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Particle transport and localization phenomena in condensed-matter systems can be modeled using a tight-binding lattice Hamiltonian. The ideal experimental emulation of such a model utilizes simultaneous, high-fidelity control and readout of each lattice site in a highly coherent quantum system. Here, we experimentally study quantum transport in one-dimensional and two-dimensional tight-binding lattices, emulated by a fully controllable 3 × 3 array of superconducting qubits. We probe the propagation of entanglement throughout the lattice and extract the degree of localization in the Anderson and Wannier-Stark regimes in the presence of site-tunable disorder strengths and gradients. Our results are in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations and match theoretical predictions based on the tight-binding model. The demonstrated level of experimental control and accuracy in extracting the system observables of interest will enable the exploration of larger, interacting lattices where numerical simulations become intractable.

High-fidelity two-qubit gates at scale are a key requirement to realize the full promise of quantum computation and simulation. The advent and use of coupler elements to tunably control two-qubit interactions has improved operational fidelity in many-qubit systems by reducing parasitic coupling and frequency crowding issues. Nonetheless, two-qubit gate errors still limit the capability of near-term quantum applications. The reason, in part, is the existing framework for tunable couplers based on the dispersive approximation does not fully incorporate three-body multi-level dynamics, which is essential for addressing coherent leakage to the coupler and parasitic longitudinal ($ZZ$) interactions during two-qubit gates. Here, we present a systematic approach that goes beyond the dispersive approximation to exploit the engineered level structure of the coupler and optimize its control. Using this approach, we experimentally demonstrate CZ and $ZZ$-free iSWAP gates with two-qubit interaction fidelities of $99.76 \pm 0.07$% and $99.87 \pm 0.23$%, respectively, which are close to their $T_1$ limits., Comment: 34 pages, 39 figures

As superconducting qubit circuits become more complex, addressing a large array of qubits becomes a challenging engineering problem. Dense arrays of qubits benefit from, and may require, access via the third dimension to alleviate interconnect crowding. Through-silicon vias (TSVs) represent a promising approach to three-dimensional (3D) integration in superconducting qubit arrays -- provided they are compact enough to support densely-packed qubit systems without compromising qubit performance or low-loss signal and control routing. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of superconducting, high-aspect ratio TSVs -- 10 $\mu$m wide by 20 $\mu$m long by 200 $\mu$m deep -- with superconducting qubits. We utilize TSVs for baseband control and high-fidelity microwave readout of qubits using a two-chip, bump-bonded architecture. We also validate the fabrication of qubits directly upon the surface of a TSV-integrated chip. These key 3D integration milestones pave the way for the control and readout of high-density superconducting qubit arrays using superconducting TSVs., Comment: 8 pages; 4 figures

Coherent circuits based on superconducting elements hold tremendous promise for the practical implementation of quantum information technology: advanced computation, cryptography, and hardware simulation of complex materials systems are envisioned applications. Such circuits are essentially engineered atoms with level transitions in the 4–8 GHz regime; as such “read” and “write” operations are performed with the aid of fast microwave pulses and low-noise amplifiers, respectively. Recent advances in cavity-based superconducting parametric amplifiers have enabled real-time measurement and feedback in one and two qubits. We demonstrate a novel Josephson junction transmission-line based traveling-wave amplifier which employs sub-wavelength phase matching resonators to achieve high gain, several GHz of bandwidth, and near quantum-noise limited performance. Such devices will enable multiplexed qubit readout in integrated architectures comprised of a variety of microwave frequency analog and digital superconducting technologies: signal sources, multiplexers, ADCs, DACs, mixers, and amplifiers.

We present results of experiments on the behavior of reaction fronts in the presence of vortex-dominated flows. The flow is either a single vortex or a chain of vortices in an annular configuration, and the reaction is the excitable Belousov–Zhabotinsky chemical reaction. If the vortex chain oscillates periodically in the lateral direction, the reaction front often mode-locks to the oscillations, propagating an integer number of wavelengths of the flow (two vortices) in an integer number of drive periods. In the presence of a uniform “wind”, the front often freezes, remaining pinned to the leading vortex and neither propagating forward against the wind nor being blown backward by it. Studies with an individual vortex verify the ability of a moving vortex to pin and drag a reaction front. We use this pinning behavior to explain the mode-locking for the oscillating case.

Author(s): Roch, N; Schwartz, ME; Motzoi, F; Macklin, C; Vijay, R; Eddins, AW; Korotkov, AN; Whaley, KB; Sarovar, M; Siddiqi, I

Stringing together a powerful amplifier Amplifying microwave signals with high gain and across a broad range of frequencies is crucial in solid-state quantum information processing (QIP). Achieving broadband operation is especially tricky. Macklin et al. engineered an amplifier that contains a long chain of so-called Josephson junctions (see the Perspective by Cleland). The amplifier exhibited high gain over a gigahertz-sized bandwidth and was able to perform high-fidelity qubit readout. Because the amplifier will be capable of reading out as many as 20 qubits simultaneously, it may help to scale up QIP protocols. Science , this issue p. 307 ; see also p. 280

The creation of a quantum network requires the distribution of coherent information across macroscopic distances. We demonstrate the entanglement of two superconducting qubits, separated by more than a meter of coaxial cable, by designing a joint measurement that probabilistically projects onto an entangled state. By using a continuous measurement scheme, we are further able to observe single quantum trajectories of the joint two-qubit state, confirming the validity of the quantum Bayesian formalism for a cascaded system. Our results allow us to resolve the dynamics of continuous projection onto the entangled manifold, in quantitative agreement with theory., Supplemental material added and minor corrections

We report a study of the cyclotron resonance (CR) transitions to and from the unusual $n=0$ Landau level (LL) in monolayer graphene. Unexpectedly, we find the CR transition energy exhibits large (up to 10%) and non-monotonic shifts as a function of the LL filling factor, with the energy being largest at half-filling of the $n=0$ level. The magnitude of these shifts, and their magnetic field dependence, suggests that an interaction-enhanced energy gap opens in the $n=0$ level at high magnetic fields. Such interaction effects normally have limited impact on the CR due to Kohn's theorem [W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. {\bf 123}, 1242 (1961)], which does not apply in graphene as a consequence of the underlying linear band structure., 4 pages, 4 figures. Version 2, edited for publication. Includes a number of edits for clarity; also added a paragraph contrasting our work w/ previous CR expts. in 2D Si and GaAs

We present the first measurements of cyclotron resonance of electrons and holes in bilayer graphene. In magnetic fields up to B = 18 T we observe four distinct intraband transitions in both the conduction and valence bands. The transition energies are roughly linear in B between the lowest Landau levels, whereas they follow \sqrt{B} for the higher transitions. This highly unusual behavior represents a change from a parabolic to a linear energy dispersion. The density of states derived from our data generally agrees with the existing lowest order tight binding calculation for bilayer graphene. However in comparing data to theory, a single set of fitting parameters fails to describe the experimental results., Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. Updated version with two added references and minor text editing

We present experiments on the motion of chemical fronts in ordered and disordered vortex flows with imposed uniform winds. Fronts in a chain of alternating vortices are found to freeze (pin to the separatrix) for a wide range of opposing winds that grows nonlinearly with the characteristic strength of the underlying vorticity. Experiments in spatially disordered flows demonstrate that freezing of fronts is common to cellular flows; furthermore, it is not dependent on boundary conditions. We therefore anticipate similar pinning in a wide range of 2D cellular flows and front-producing systems.

We report infrared studies of the Landau level (LL) transitions in single layer graphene. Our specimens are density tunable and show \textit{in situ} half-integer quantum Hall plateaus. Infrared transmission is measured in magnetic fields up to B=18 T at selected LL fillings. Resonances between hole LLs and electron LLs, as well as resonances between hole and electron LLs are resolved. Their transition energies are proportional to $\sqrt{B}$ and the deduced band velocity is $\tilde{c}\approx1.1\times10^6$ m/s. The lack of precise scaling between different LL transitions indicates considerable contributions of many-particle effects to the infrared transition energies., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

role in the presentation and interpretation of findings. For example, the question has arisen as to how we should view sex differences in earnings which are attributable to occupational differences: as manifestations of discrimination or of the voluntary occupational choices of men and women. Economists who used to assume virtually automatically that only workers' tastes were involved have come at least to acknowledge discrimination as a possible partial explanation. Feminists may make major breakthroughs in scholarly work by suggesting such new interpretations. These examples suggest that values have a legitimate, indeed an unavoidable, role to play in scholarly work. It is foolish to deny this. How often have we found ourselves calling those we disagree with biased while praising those who share our views for their objectivity! Yet to say it is virtually impossible for social science research to be value free is not to abandon the quest for truth in scholarship-only to understand better the environment in which it takes place. In my opinion, as scholars we can all aid this quest by making our values clear to our readers. Few are neutral-it is not a question of feminist versus "objective" scholarship. It is also helpful if, in presenting our research, we lay bare the data and the reasoning we used to reach our conclusions so that others can question and reinterpret our results. The important and unavoidable role played by values in social science research means that there must be a constant struggle within each of us and within each field of inquiry to benefit from the insights our values give us in selecting interesting questions, making day-to-day research decisions, and interpreting our findings-without letting our values become prisms that distort or bend the truth or blinders that shield us from the truth entirely. This is an ongoing tension which cannot be settled once and for all by the clarification of a few basic concepts. And yet it is a struggle that it is in our interests as feminists to wage. I, for one, believe that, if the cause is just, the truth cannot hurt it.

A previous experiment indicated that if the reactions nu /sub e/ + n min gave no sig p + e/sup -/ and nu /sub e/ + p min gave no sig + e/sup +/ have cross sec tions comparable to those of nu /sub mu / + n min gave no sig p + mu /sup -/ and nu /sub mu / + p min gave no sig n + mu /sup +/, then nu /sub e/ is most likely different from nu . It is pointed out that an absolute theoretical lower limit could be established for the rates of the e ction in DDT-C/ -producing reactions without a relative comparison with that of the mu /sup ction in DDT-C/ / -producing reactions by assuming the conserved vector-current hypothesis. The possible existence of an intermediate boson and the possibility that the reactions are actually second order processes mediated by the exchange of such a boson are considered. (C.E.S.)

The feasibility of using high-energy neutrinos to study weak interactions is discussed. It is proposed that the high-energy neutrinos be obtained from pion decay, the pions being produced by proton reactions. (C.J.G.)