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Drilling hole with shallow gas risk has always been a challenge. Conventional Diverter system doesn't qualify for a well control device but a device that is expected to reduce safety risk. Unfortunately, Diverter system has numerous failures when engaged for diverting gas flow. This paper provides a successful case history of a feasible and sustainable solution to drill shallow holes with safer control of gas at surface and superior operational liberty. Diverter system coupled with autonomous Ram-BOP was deployed successfully in development well for drilling of a surface hole section with better control and safety. This Modified Diverter system allows independent control for Ram-BOP and Diverter operations with back-up flow path in case of diverter failure. This also creates ability to drill surface hole deeper by providing operational liberty to control or divert well flow. This system was designed to support two well control scenarios, on drilled depth basis, and prepared accordingly: Conventional diverter system, keeping alternate flow diversion path as backup to diverter failure Modified well control method, that approach well control with Kill Mud cap and provides option for close-system flow check Surface hole section was planned to drill till 1300 meters BKB, with the application of this modified diverter system that allowed safe control of well/gas diversion in contrast to the conventional diverter system. For this purpose, Conductor pipe was set to 80m BKB rig less. And surface hole drilling was split in two sections with respect to application modes of modified diverter system. For initial 600 meters conventional diverter system was in-place with complete hole volume Kill Mud available at surface. This system also allowed alternate gas diversion in case of diverter failure during gas flow. For next 700 meters of drilling surface hole, same volume of Kill Mud was available to use as a mud cap and system allowed spotting mud cap and perform flow check in close-system environment, without exposing safety risk. This systematic approach allowed drilling of surface hole section deeper in a safer environment that was previously required to drill in two hole sections. This returned 400k USD direct saving in one well.

Corporate governance is a set of rules, regulations, procedures, processes, and practices through which an organization is controlled and directed. The present study aimed to examine the monitoring methods used in Islamic banking, including standardized measures for better performance, an individual’s aptitude towards Islamic financial markets, risk propensity, and the level of efficiency of the Islamic banking industry in Pakistan and Malaysia. There is room to improve monitoring systems for Islamic banking operations and standardized measures could improve efficiency, leading to more sustainable performance. The study uses a self-developed semi-structured scale based on literature and expert interviews, after content and context validity to gain a wide range of diverse information. In Pakistan and Malaysia, individuals’ perceptions are different because of differences in the banking environment and preferences. Eventually, the Islamic banking growth rate may differ in Pakistan and Malaysia. Thus, there should be regular monitoring to improve banking performance. Similarly, standardized measures for Islamic banking operations and governance performance in Pakistan and Malaysia will result in more sustainable performance. The antecedents of Islamic corporate governance could be improved to enhance banking performance, which helps individuals make decisions based on available product information. The business growth of the banking industry is based on convenient monitoring policies, standardized performance measures, and, most importantly, excellent corporate governance mechanisms. Improved monitoring measures will further enhance these business operations.

This research is an attempt to develop nontoxic and sustainable oil and water repellent which is fluorine and formaldehyde free. For this purpose, stearic acid was polymerized with formaldehyde free cross-linkers, such as maleic acid and acrylic acid. Sodium hypophosphite was used as a catalyst and triethanolamine as an enhancer during the polymerization. Polymerization conditions were optimized such as temperature, time and atmosphere. The prepared recipes were then applied onto the cotton fabrics. The obtained results reveal that the finished cotton fabrics achieves good oil and water repellency, crease resistance, soil resistance, and antimicrobial properties. In addition, the surface of finished cotton fabrics was characterized via SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, and TGA.

This research aims to analyze certain effects of yarn characteristics such as: cotton type, yarn quality, yarn spinning technique, yarn twist and linear density and yarn finish on coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi approach. For evaluation of levels and response factors, 72 experiments are performed by using L36 orthogonal design twice for Taguchi approach. The results show that yarns comprising of finer fibers, combed, waxed, Rotor spun, optimum twist and low linear density have lowest coefficient of friction of yarn, which ultimately improves subsequent textile processes and improve product qualities.

The stock assessment, of Indian scad Decapterus russelli (Ruppell, 1830) from the northern Arabian Sea in Pakistan was evaluated. The samples of Indian scad (13300 specimens), ranging from 1-31 cm (FL) and 1-400 g (TW) were collected from the commercial fish landing center located at Karachi harbor. The parameters of fish length-weight relationship were calculated from the aggregated data as a=0.0323, b=2.66 with R2=0.954, indicating slightly negative allometric growth between the relationship. The length frequency samples from September 2013 to November 2014 was analyzed using FISAT II software, including the ELEFAN-I method. The growth parameters obtained using ELEFAN I was: L∞=32.55 cm, K=0.750 per year, t0=-0.678 with an Rn value of 0.220. Natural, total and fishing mortality M=1.42 per year, Z=3.84 per year at CI of 95% (CI=3.11-4.58) where F=2.422 per year and exploitation relation E=0.630 were obtained. Growth performance indices for L∞ and W∞ were performed using FiSAT-II program in order to estimate the limit and target reference points of stock exploitation were, Φ'=2.900 per year and Φ=0.170 per year, respectively. The results revealed that the natural fishing level of D. russelli (1.42 per year) was higher than the biological reference points F0.1 (0.85) and Fmax (0.9). Moreover the proportion of current mortality Fcurrent obtained was 0.630, representing that stock of D. russelli as highly exploited.It can be concluded from this study that the population parameters and the stock of D. russelli showed overexploitation in the northern parts of the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan.