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Ewald Frie: Ein Hof und elf Geschwister: Der stille Abschied vom bäuerlichen Leben in Deutschland. München: C.H. Beck 2023. 978-3-406-79717-0

Condition research of economic culture of Ukraine in the context of European integration is fundamental for the formation of effective reforms and strategies of public administration and the need for further methodological improvement. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the scientific research of scientists and reports of international organizations, in particular the condition research of world values, conducted as part of the research "World values ​​Survey" (WVS), in the period 2017-2020. General approaches and research methods were used during the preparation of the article: theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis and system method, statistical research, sociological research and expert opinions. The use of these methods allowed to consider the current position of economic culture and entrepreneurial culture in the context of European integration, through the prism of economic values, which are empirically studied. In this research, the author's determination of the state of economic culture in the transformation process was carried out

Angesichts des aktuellen arbeits- und lebensweltlichen Strukturwandels sehen sich Beschäftigte in ihren Arbeits- und Lebensweisen sowie in ihren Mentalitäten - ihren Haltungen, Wertorientierungen und Vor-Einstellungen - vielfältig herausgefordert. Dieser Zusammenhang von Mentalitäten und Strukturwandel wird in einem laufenden SOFI-Projekt empirisch untersucht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden auf der Grundlage des entwickelten Forschungskonzepts beispielhaft erste Befunde über den Zusammenhang - und möglichen Konflikt - von aktuellen Transformationen der "Automobilgesellschaft" und der Mentalitäten von Automobilarbeiter*innen vorgestellt. Wie sich zeigt, setzen die Umbrüche in der Automobilwirtschaft, dem sich diese Beschäftigten seit langem gegenübersehen, nicht nur ihre Arbeits-, sondern auch ihre Lebensweise unter eine Art Dauerspannung und sie selbst unter Anpassungsdruck, der durch die aktuelle ökologische Modernisierung des Verkehrssektors noch einmal deutlich wächst., In view of the current structural changes in the world of work and life, employees see themselves challenged in many ways in their habits of working and living and in their mentalities - their attitudes, value orientations and preconceptions. This connection between mentalities and structural change is being empirically investigated in an ongoing SOFI project. Based on the developed research concept, this article presents exemplary first findings on the connection - and possible conflict - between current transformations of the "automobile society" and the mentalities of automobile workers. As it turns out, the upheavals in the automotive industry, which these workers have been facing for a long time, put not only their work but also their way of life under a kind of permanent tension and they themselves under pressure to adapt, which is once again growing significantly due to the current ecological modernization of the transport sector., AIS-Studien

The political, organizational, and ideological deadlock that European social democracy has gone through in recent decades is obvious and much discussed. This impasse is indirectly expressed by the weakness of social democratic parties in maintaining their electoral clientele and social base of workers, employees, and pensioners. This means that the crisis of social democracy is becoming more permanent. This article attempts to analyze these characteristics.

This contribution takes the multiple ecological crises as the background to connect discourses on sustainability and infrastructures. It discusses the preservation, development, or disorder of infrastructures by different actors and practices in the context of diverse imaginaries of sustainability. When infrastructures are addressed and scrutinized against different visions of the future, their order-forming elements, dysfunctionalities, and transformation potentials come to the fore. The question of which decisions, translations, and norms are inscribed in infrastructures is of particular importance in the discourses on ecology. Moreover, focusing on the planetary dimensions of the ecological crisis adds particular complexity to the infrastructural analysis. An ecological perspective fundamentally challenges the view of infrastructure, as traditional concepts are no longer able to contribute to necessary planetary solutions. Since struggles for the futures of sustainability are struggles for the modernization and transformation of, as well as control over and through (material, immaterial, planetary), infrastructures, we argue that infrastructures will and should receive special attention in the social sciences and humanities in the future., Historical Social Research Vol. 47, No. 4 (2022): Special Issue: Ruptures, Transformations, Continuities. Rethinking Infrastructures and Ecology. Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1979, Issues per volume: 4, Volumes per year: 1

Die Umsetzung der Vorgaben zur Verwaltungsdigitalisierung, in Form der Umsetzung der E-Government-Gesetze des Bundes und der Länder, sowie die Umsetzung des Onlinezugangsgesetzes führen zu einem massiven Schub der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung in Deutschland. Die europäischen Vorgaben zu Umweltinformationen, zuvorderst die Umsetzung der INSPIRE-Richtlinie und die steigenden Ansprüche an Qualität, Verfügbarkeit und Offenheit von Daten des öffentlichen Sektors, erzeugen einen weiteren qualitativen Schub für die Erbringung öffentlicher Leistungen. Auf Grundlage eigener quantitativer Forschungsarbeiten zeigt sich, dass die Verwendung von digitalen Geofachdaten in der Verwaltung auf Landes- und Kreisebene bereits weit verbreitet ist. Jedoch sind bisweilen nicht alle täglich verwendeten Fachdaten mit Raumbezug bereits georeferenziert. Dabei gilt es, noch ungenutzte Potenziale in der konkreten Verwendung zu heben.

The author focuses on internal aspects to answer the question why the complex mechanization of agriculture under Khrushchev and Brezhnev failed. The author argues that the command economy did not solve the basic task of ensuring animal production by large farms, because the high-quality equipment to reduce labor input and costs was not provided. Behind the facade of impressing reforms - from the virgin-land program and liquidation of the machine-tractor stations (MTS) to Brezhnev's 1966 promise to speed up mechanization and the Non-Black-Earth program of 1974 - nothing really changed. The basic deficiencies named in 1955 still existed in 1969 and after the establishment of the Gosagroprom in 1986: nearly all Soviet machinery was not reliable and was badly done. Thus, the increase in the production of such machinery under Brezhnev was only a waste of resources. Less than 10% of Soviet machines met the world standards. Instead of increasing labor productivity, this machinery caused the farms (and the state) enormous losses. Due to the gaps in mechanization (primarily in transportation and collecting feed) the majority of the agricultural workforce (70% in 1982) was still engaged in manual work. In the late 1960s, the Ministry of Agriculture made alarming reports on the state of the USSR's agriculture to the CC and CM and demanded - again in vain - urgent action and investment to modernize the agricultural machinery industry in order to ensure the world-standard inputs by 1975. The article considers challenges of developing animal husbandry, consequences of such campaigns as the virgin-land program, conversion of collective farms into state farms and liquidation of the MTS, successes and failures of the mass production of highly efficient machinery, proposed alternatives of organizing agricultural work and payment, and the state of agriculture in 1955, 1969 and 1986.

Die Anbindung der Ukraine an das kontinentaleuropäische Stromnetz und den EU-Strommarkt steht auf der politischen Agenda. Die nötigen Stromverbindungen her­zustellen ist jedoch technisch kompliziert und erfordert darüber hinaus tiefgreifende Reformen im ukrainischen Stromsektor. Aber nicht nur die Ukraine ist in der Bring­schuld, auch die EU und ihre Mitgliedstaaten werden weitreichende geopolitische Entscheidungen von großer Tragweite treffen müssen. Für das Vorhaben bedarf es eines politisch abgestimmten Fahrplans, der klare Kriterien und Konditionen für ein gemeinsames Stromnetz definiert. (Autorenreferat)

Die Energiewende ist ein viel diskutiertes Thema im Bundestag - doch bleibt dabei auch der eigentliche Anspruch eines Transformationsprojekts bestehen? Die Autorin greift diese Frage in ihrer Diskursanalyse der Bundestagsdebatten von 1998 bis 2017 auf. Dazu entwickelt sie ein innovatives Forschungsdesign, das computerbasierte quantitative mit qualitativen Methoden kombiniert und auch für weitere politische Transformationsforschung anwendbar ist. Mit dem Vorsorgenden Wirtschaften erweitert sie ihre Analysen um die politische Ökonomie und verortet sie in der feministischen, sozial-ökologischen Transformationsforschung. Ergebnis: Die Energiewende wurde im Bundestag nach 2011 politisch entleert.

U Republici Hrvatskoj kao zemlji koja je u nedavnoj prošlosti imala iskustvo prelaska iz totalitarnoga režima u demokraciju, pretrpjela rat i poraće, privatizaciju, osiromašenje znatnoga udjela svoga stanovništva te ulazak u Europsku uniju pitanje nacionalnih vrednota trebalo bi biti ključno pitanje političkih, ali i intelektualnih elita jer samo čuvajući svoje vrednote hrvatski narod može očuvati svoju prepoznatljivost i identitet. Problem koji se može uočiti na svim razinama u hrvatskome društvu bijeg je od tradicionalnih vrednota koje se sve češće smatraju konzervativnima, pa čak i zaostalima. Iste te vrednote, ponekad i da bismo se više svidjeli drugima, zamjenjujemo modernističkim i postmodernističkim vrednotama koje nam se prikazuju poželjnijima i prihvatljivijima u odnosu na naše tradicionalne vrednote koje se čuvaju naraštajima. Ovaj rad naslanja se na rezultate Europske studije vrednota iz 2008. godine koji pokazuju modernizaciju hrvatskoga društva, ali i važnost tradicionalnih vrednota kao što su brak, obitelj, djeca, religioznost, a prikazani su u knjizi Vrednote u Hrvatskoj i Europi: komparativna analiza., In the Republic of Croatia, as a country which in the recent past has had the experience of transitioning from a totalitarian regime to a democracy, suffered through war and its repercussions, undergone privatization along with impoverishment of a significant proportion of its population, and joined the European Union, the issue of national values should be crucial in terms of political, as well as intellectual elite, because only by protecting Croatian values can its people preserve their recognisability and identity. One observable problem at all levels of Croatian society is the escape from traditional values which are often seen as conservative and archaic. That same values are sometimes replaced by more likeable modern or postmodern variants which are presented as more desirable and acceptable in regards to the traditional values nurtured through generations. This article relies on the results of the European Values Study in 2008 which show the modernization of Croatian society, but also the importance of traditional values such as marriage, family, children, religiousness, which are stated in the book Values in Croatia and Europe: A Comparative Analysis.

An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individu-al-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-in-come countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger genera-tions in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern val-ues than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries. An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individu-al-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-in-come countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger genera-tions in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern val-ues than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.

The decisive decade (1869-1879) was also reflected in the constitution of French-inspired political models abroad, including in South-East Europe. In Romania, ten years after the union of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, the reforms implemented by Prince Alexandru-Ioan Cuza under the strong inspiration of the regime of Napoleon III are indirectly starting to bear fruit. The French influence is noticed directly, in the wake of these reforms (even if the abdication of the prince in 1864 and the advent of the future King Charles I will slow down the process), but also indirectly, in the progressive structuring of a modern political system including through political discourse and the relationship to liberal democracy, in particular through the different forms of representation. The communication proposes, in the logic of the third axis mentioned, to question the modes and the rhythms of Romanian modernization in a decade where the actors of the new political regime put in place relate actively to the French political model.

The relevance of this study of post-Soviet transition lies in the focus on the technically theoretical problems that are nevertheless the key to understanding regional development processes in the East of the Baltic Sea. The research aims to verify the theory of peripheral capitalism as applied to the Baltic States. The first theoretical objective is to draw a distinction between the ideas of modernisation and transformation in a regional context. The second objective is to adjust the theory of peripheral capitalism to smaller states. To study the features of the transformation of economic and political systems in the Baltics, this article conducts comparative analysis. Systemic analysis and the principles of theoretical and empirical analysis are used as well. Building on this work, the study identifies the deficiencies of the theoretical and methodological potential of transition studies. These include claims that the theoretical and methodological potential of transition as applied to post-Socialist and post-Soviet Europe has been completely fulfilled. Geographical differences between Latin America and the Baltic States are so obvious that they eclipse economic similarities between the processes and development models characteristic of the two regions of the world. An analysis of current developments in Latin America makes it possible to forecast the economic and, to a degree, political consequences of the trends that are just emerging in the Baltics. This article seeks to prove the above thesis.

Seit der Gründung der türkischen Republik im Jahr 1923 spielten ausländische Experten beim Aufbau des neuen Staates eine zentrale Rolle. Anhand der Geschichte der Entwicklungspolitik in der ländlichen Türkei lassen sich gut die Erwartungshorizonte aufzeigen, die deutsche, amerikanische und türkische Akteure für das Land in der Nachkriegszeit formulierten, das in der Zeit zwischen Marshallplan, Bevölkerungskrise und neuer Migrationspolitik fest in globale Diskurse eingebunden war. Die Türkei wurde dabei, so die These dieses Buches, zu einem wichtigen Experimentierfeld neuer Praktiken von Entwicklungspolitik, da sich hier die Maximen der europäischen Integration und des globalen Krisendenkens begegneten.

The article describes Islamism as a multifaceted, multidimensional and constantly changing phenomenon which manifests itself at different levels. Islamism has many levels and manifestations. It is impossible to comprehend modern Muslim (and even more so Arab) societies without taking into account the influence of Islam as ideology, cultural environment, modality and way of life at the same time. It would be a mistake to represent Islamism as a node on the body of Muslim societies. In fact, Islamism largely reflects the essence of modern Muslim societies, the way of thinking and life of the majority of their population. Islamism in many ways helps to support social, economic, political and various other subsystems at different levels of society. It also creates a kind of Islamic model of modernization. In the article, the authors present their own vision of the reasons and grounds for the extensive and profound integration of Islamism into Muslim societies, argue why at the present stage it is impossible to eliminate Islamism and why to diminish the influence of radical Islamism one should search for a compromise with moderate Islamists.

Europas Armeen haben seit Ende des Kalten Krieges im digitalen Bereich nicht ausreichend modernisiert. Vor allem bei der immer bedeutender werdenden elektronischen Kampfführung wird diese Lücke deutlich. Länder wie China und Russland holen auf und zeigen die Schwächen westlicher Streitkräfte. Diese Fähigkeitslücke können EU- und NATO-Staaten nur gemeinsam schließen, um glaubhafte Abschreckung und Verteidigung sicherzustellen.

Drawing on sociological approaches to urbanism and secularization, as well as the affective turn in anthropology, this article explores the implementation of secular policies in Iran after the 1936 Unveiling Decree. I argue that constructing transparent social relations reflects the emergence of a new level of secular binds and relies upon the modalities of urban infrastructure and architecture. I find that modernization and secularization in Iran are interlinked by transformations in urban planning that tended to eliminate sites of ambiguity and to homogenize structures and forms of interaction in public and domestic spaces. The article makes use of autobiographical narratives that give witness to manifest changes in the urban atmosphere between the 1930s and 1950s. I will show how the Pahlavi regime took an active role in attempting to build a secular city by invoking segmentations and divisions in urban spaces to promote a secular atmosphere and limit religious ideas., Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung Vol. 44, No. 3 (2019): Special Issue: Islamicate Secularities in Past and Present. Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1979, Issues per volume: 4, Volumes per year: 1

Zusammenfassung Eingebettet in die neue Welle an grosen Staudammprojekten in Afrika befasst sich der Beitrag mit dem Bau des Merowe-Staudamms im Nordsudan und der Organisation einer lokalen Widerstandsbewegung in den Peripherien des Niltals gegen Vertreibungen in staatlich verwaltete Umsiedlungsgebiete. Basierend auf ethnologischer Langzeitforschung analysiere ich den bauerlichen Kampf um Selbstbestimmung, der sich in einer sozialen Vision des Bleibens um den kunftigen Stausee ausdruckte und die staatliche Rechtfertigung der „Umsiedlung als Zivilisierung“ herausforderte. Ich argumentiere, dass Staudammprojekte „offene Momente“ produzieren, in denen sich Machtbeziehungen zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft re-konfigurieren sowie Bruche und neue Beziehungen zwischen lokalen und regionalen Akteuren entstehen. In der Auseinandersetzung mit despotischen Formen staatlicher Herrschaft entwickelte sich lokal eine provisorische autonome Zone, die staatsahnliche Verwaltungscharakteristika besas. Die Dynamik, Kontingenzen und Unvorhersehbarkeiten politischer Prozesse stellen vorherrschende Planungsparadigmen, die darauf abzielen, Umsiedlungsprozesse zu optimieren, und diese dabei entpolitisieren, in Frage. Schlagworter: Vertreibung, Merowe-Staudamm, Sudan, Manasir, Widerstand, Entwicklung, Nil ----- Defying Development. A Mega-Dam Project in Northern Sudan and Local Resistance against Displacement Abstract In the context of the new wave of large dam projects in Africa, this article deals with the construction of the Merowe Dam in Northern Sudan and the organisation of a local resistance movement against displacement into state-administered resettlement areas. Based on long-term ethnographic research, I analyse the struggle of peasants for self-determination, which is refl ected in a social vision of staying around the future reservoir and challenges the state’s justification of “resettlement as civilization”. I argue that dam projects produce “open moments” (Lund 1998) in which power relations between state and society reconfigure, and new relations emerge between local and regional actors. During the confrontation with despotic forms of state rule, a provisional autonomous zone developed locally with state-like administrative characteristics. The dynamics, contingencies, and unpredictability of political processes call into question prevailing planning paradigms that aim to optimize and depoliticize resettlement processes. Keywords: displacement, Sudan, Merowe Dam Project, Manasir, resistance, development, Nile ----- Bibliographie: Hansch, Valerie: Der Entwicklung trotzen. Ein Megastaudammprojekt im Nordsudan und der lokale Widerstand gegen Vertreibungen, PERIPHERIE – Politik • Okonomie • Kultur, 2-2019, S.216-243. https://doi.org/10.3224/peripherie.v39i2.05

This article situates the emergence of the Deoband movement, an Islamic revivalist movement based at India’s Dar al-‘Ulum Deoband madrasa (seminary), within concepts of colonial secularity in British India. It shows how the decline of first Mughal and then British patronage for Islamic learning, as well as the post-1857 British policy of non-interference in ‘religious’ matters, opened up a space for Deobandi scholars to re-conceive the madrasa as a ‘religious’ institution rather than one engaged in the production of civil servants, to reimagine the ‘ulama’ as stewards of public morality rather than professionals in the service of the state, and to reframe the knowledge they purveyed as ‘religious’ knowledge distinct from the ‘useful’ secular knowledge promoted by the British. The article treats this production of ‘religious’ knowledge and space as discourse of distinction similar to those explored elsewhere in this HSR Special Issue.

This article starts with and proceeds from empirical observations about the ways international Ismaՙili students at two institutes for Islamic studies in London draw boundaries between religion and other spheres in their everyday life. According to these observations, students from Ismaՙili communities in Iran, Tajikistan, and Syria tend to make more explicit distinctions between a religious domain and a secular one in comparison with their Khoja coreligionists of East African descent. In order to explain this disparity, structural, ideological, and social conditions in their respective countries and communities are analyzed using the framework of multiple secularities. It is argued that while Ismaՙili communities in Iran, Tajikistan, and Syria have each internalized a motif of secularity from its broader national context, Khoja Ismaՙili communities have developed their own form of secularity, which can be described in terms of internal secularization. This article makes a contribution to the multiple secularities framework by extending its application to the transnational domain and to the analysis of secularity within religious communities. Furthermore, the article offers a comparative approach to the study the role of religion in global Ismaՙilism., Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung Vol. 44, No. 3 (2019): Special Issue: Islamicate Secularities in Past and Present. Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1979, Issues per volume: 4, Volumes per year: 1

When it comes to education for mobile pastoralists, Mongolia is an exceptional case. Until fifty years ago, herders comprised the majority of the Mongolian population. Although a satellite of the Soviet Union, the Mongolian People’s Republic was a state in which mobile pastoralism was not challenged, and herders were not constructed as social outcasts. Equally exceptional was the country’s modernisation, witnessed in its decided alignment with equal opportunities. In Mongolia, it was not ‘nomadism’ that was associated with backwardness, but illiteracy. Policy-makers aimed to combine spatial with social mobility by building schools further and further out in the grasslands, employing locals as teachers, and fostering interplay between modern formal education and extensive animal husbandry. Yet after 1990, when development discourse pigeon-holed post-socialist Mongolia as a Third World country, the so-called shock therapy led to severe cuts in education. Herders were essentialised as ‘nomads’, which caused donor-driven policies of educational planning to construe pastoralists as challenges. Ironically, during the initial decade of Education for All, the younger generation had—for the first time in Mongolia’s history—less educational opportunities than their parents. This article discusses narratives of inclusion and the political consequences of ascribed social identities.

Sustainability has become a leading principle of social change that combines different objectives - be it green capitalism based on ecological modernization or a socio-ecological transformation that could ring in a post-capitalist era. The social dimensions of sustainability as well as the paradoxes relating to a sustainable development in global capitalism are examined in this programmatic text by Sighard Neckel and his research team in Hamburg. Basic sociological perspectives of sustainability are the subject, as are prospects of concrete fields of a critical-reflexive social research on the social conflicts centering around sustainability. Nachhaltigkeit ist zu einem Leitbegriff des gesellschaftlichen Wandels geworden, mit dem sich unterschiedliche Zielvorstellungen verbinden - sei es ein grüner Kapitalismus, der auf ökologischer Modernisierung beruht, oder eine sozial-ökologische Transformation, die eine postkapitalistische Ära einläuten könnte. In dieser Programmschrift von Sighard Neckel und seinem Hamburger Forschungsteam werden die gesellschaftlichen Dimensionen von Nachhaltigkeit aufgezeigt, aber auch die Paradoxien, die mit einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung im globalen Kapitalismus verbunden sind. Grundlegende soziologische Perspektiven auf Nachhaltigkeit sind ebenso Thema wie Ausblicke in konkrete Felder einer kritisch-reflexiven Sozialforschung zu den gesellschaftlichen Konflikten um Nachhaltigkeit.

South Korea under President Park Chung Hee underwent rapid industrialization and experienced phenomenal economic growth making the country one of the Asian Tigers alongside Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. Had suffered by the long-standing Japanese colonialization, South Korea's development strategies in its incipient economic venture, interestingly, postulate unforeseen similarities with those imposed by Japan primarily during the phenomenal industrial revolution of the Meiji government (1868-1912). Exponential modernization in South Korea was substantially forged by the implementation of "developmental state" model. The term was initially coined by Johnson (1982) to explain the pacification of government policies -rather than market- to achieve successful economic rejuvenation of post-war Japan. In light to this historical paradox between South Korea and Japan, this article attempts to revisit the embarking point of South Korea's rapid economic development beginning in the 1960s by drawing attention to the importance of leadership as one of the major components of the developmental state model. It concludes that Park Chung Hee's strong Japanese linkage combined with his pretext for imposing "hard authoritarianism" is particularly influential in determining South Korea’s pragmatic development trajectory.

Ra­di­ka­le Grup­pen stel­len nicht nur die Sicher­heits­be­hörd­en, son­dern die ge­samte Gesel­lschaft vor en­orme Heraus­for­der­ungen. Die­ser Re­port ar­beit­et aus der be­steh­enden For­schung heraus, wie Ra­dikalisierungs­prozesse inner­halb und zwischen Grup­pen ab­laufen und welche Rol­le der­artige Grup­pen­pro­zesse im ge­samt­gesell­schaft­lichen Kontext spielen. Er fokus­siert ins­be­sondere auf die Schnitt­mengen be­stimmt­er ideol­ogischer Ele­mente unter­schied­licher radikaler Gruppen. Diese Gemein­sam­keiten werden im Re­port als Brücken­narrative be­zeichnet. Das erste dieser Na­rrative um­fasst Anti-Imperial­ismus, Anti-Modern­ismus und Anti-Universalis­mus und hat als ge­mein­samen Flucht­punkt den Anti­semitis­mus. Im zweiten Brücken­narrativ, dem Anti­feminis­mus, treffen sich völk­ische Nationalisten, christ­liche und islam­ische Funda­mental­isten und islam­istische Dschi­had­isten. Das drit­te Brücken­narrativ bildet die Vor­stellung, im (legi­timen) Wider­stand zu han­deln und da­durch Ge­walt zu recht­fertigen. Der Re­port legt dar, wie wichtig es ist, diese Na­rrative in der Prä­ventions­arbeit zu be­rück­sichtigen, das heißt, Maß­nahmen zu entwickeln, die das ge­meinsame ideo­logische Must­er ver­schieden­er ra­dikaler Grup­pen an­spre­chen.

Der Megatrend der Digitalisierung verändert unsere Gesellschaft umbruchartig und irreversibel. Das ist eine grosse Chance, denn Digitalisierung bedeutet Fortschritt und Innovation. Digitalisierung schafft aber auch Digitalisierungsverlierer: Menschen, welche als zufällige Opfer der Digitalisierung einen wirtschaftlichen Netto-Schaden durch die Digitalisierung erfahren. Als demokratische Gesellschaft müssen wir den negativen Impact der Digitalisierung auf potenzielle Digitalisierungsverlierer minimieren und gleichzeitig den Nutzen der Digitalisierung beibehalten. Zu diesem Zweck schlagen wir vier Massnahmen vor, welche uns auf einer strukturellen Ebene ermöglichen, die Digitalisierung in positive Bahnen zu lenken: Modernisierung der Bildungs-Curricula in der Volksschule; mehr Zugang zu Erwachsenenbildung; Maximin-Regulierung der Gig-Economy; sowie die Einführung eines bedinungslosen Grundeinkommens.

Bibliographie: Ziai, Aram: Abwicklung des Nordens, PERIPHERIE, 2-2018, S. 340-342. https://doi.org/10.3224/peripherie.v38i2.15

In einem ambitionierten Projekt unternimmt es P. Bydlinski, die österreichische Zivilrechtskodifikation, die zu großen Teilen aus dem Jahr 1811 stammt, in eine moderne Sprache zu übersetzen. Auf einer Tagung an der Karl - Franzens - Universität Graz im März 2018 wurden die Entwürfe zur „Übersetzung“ der sachenrechtlichen A BGB - Bestimmungen vorgestellt und intensiv diskutiert. Der Verfasser hat in seinem Referat die eigentumsrechtlichen Vorschriften erörtert.

The subject of this paper is to consider the causes of the condition and systematization of the main problems of agricultural development in Montenegro. Bearing in mind the structure of agricultural production, available resources and achieved the level of productivity, we estimate that the change must take place in the direction of growth, yield stabilization and production structure changes in crop production and achieving greater representation of livestock in the value of agricultural production. The future development of the agrarian sector of Montenegro should be directed towards modernizing and changing the production structure towards market orientation and improve overall efficiency. Agriculture Montenegro in its very important role, should fulfill several strategic objectives: produce sufficient amounts of safe food that will be accepted by consumers at home and abroad, provide a higher level of self-sufficiency and improve the trade balance of the country, creating value that will provide income to farmers and the gross domestic product growth magnify the overall economy of the country and to keep population in the countryside and thus contribute to the protection and promotion of these areas.

The present study has been conducted to view the impact of modernization on gender roles. This was a quantitative study. The researcher has selected the area of Muzaffar Garh, And one hundred Advocates of Muzaffar garh are respondents. The researcher has study the socialization, decision-making, choice of marriage and household duties. Gender roles have been changed at a great extent due to modernization. Education played an important role for the progress and change in gender roles. The question comes in mind that is modernization good or bad. It had changed traditional gender roles. Now females have equal right in decision making. Females have choice to marriage and equal opportunity in education, and have easily access to university. Socialization of children and liberty are influenced due to modernization. It is concluded that male and female both are doing work out of home and in the home, due to which there have been created a gap and socialization of children is influenced. Our morals, values have remained back and we are not thinking about it. Females have choice to marriage, and male do not feel any hesitation to do house work. Modernization, mass media, technology and education have played important role to change gender roles.

The goal of this research is to explain the fast-growing textile and garment industries (TGI) in Vietnam from 2000 to present. This research is important in the context of Indonesia’s competition with Vietnam as among top TGI exporters in the world. This research adopted Gereffi’s Global Commodity Chains (GCCs) framework which situates TGI under the category of buyer-driven chains. Under this category, actors interested in industrial upgrading must develop both forward (marketing) and backward (production) linkages and learning process between this continuum. This research found that Vietnam’s fast growing textile and garment industries from 2000-present represents its successful industrial upgrading through its learning process in developing forward and backward linkages. Following these findings, therefore, Indonesia as competitor must also develop similar attitude and learning process in both linkages.

By the 1930s, the Iranian society was driven toward modernization. Consisted with the concept of modernization, feminism ushered a whole new era in Iranian history. Besides, the outbreak of World War II and the consequent abdication of Reza Khan afforded women a golden opportunity to fight for their rights and emancipations. This movement was also supported by the famous male writers of the time among whom Jalal Al-e-Ahmad marked a prominent place. He was keen enough to properly explore women's situation in his works and notice the drastic effect of modernization upon women's situation. Hence, in this study, we try to investigate Al-e-Ahmad's short story entitled “Pink Nail Polish” 1948 with respect to Bakhtin's Carnivalesque's theory. Furthermore, it is shown how Bakhtin's new literary mode can create the excellent chance of studying Iranian women's situation properly. Finally, we explain that due to the drastic change of Iranian women's situation towards modernity, they may lead a double life if their rights are not respected. This can lead to a disproportionate relationship between the husband and the wife as the marital infidelity becomes rampant.

Renewable and decentralized power generation are a centerpiece of Germany's domestic energy transition (Energiewende) and a major element of its international efforts to promote this goal. Recently, the renewables sector has also been advancing in Russia, albeit from a lower level. Thus, it is time to explore the status quo and analyze the potential for sustainable energy cooperation. In the context of the current deterioration in EURussian (energy) relations, crafting a sustainable energy partnership that is based on innovation, with an emphasis on electricity cooperation, might present an added value. (Autorenreferat)

In 2009, Morocco initiated an ambitious energy transition program. The aim is to increase the country’s independence from energy imports until 2030. The plan targets the reduction of the import of fossils and large investments into renewable energies. The goal set is to meet 42% of its power generating capacity needs through renewables by 2020 and 52% by 2030. Morocco’s bold and ambitious plans are often highlighted as a model for how to invest into future technologies and bring about clean energy transition. Due to its geography, weather conditions and solar irradiance, Morocco is considered to have huge potentials regarding wind and solar energy production. Morocco’s energy transition program includes the construction of a number of large and medium scale solar plants until 2020. Their planning and construction is often managed by MASEN (Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy), a public limited company. Recently, Noor 1, the first of several large scale solar plants was completed. Noor 1 is situated in Ouarzazate in the East of the country. Currently Noor Tata is in the planning phase. Similar with Morocco, energy transition has been also a hot topic in Austria. However, different from Morocco, planning, decision-making and governance structures have rather reflected the country's federal system. Austria's energy transition strategy is a decentralized one. As much as this often entails strong involvement and ownership on societal level, as much its success is dependent on a complex set of diverse political entrepreneurs on different political and administrative levels (national-federal-district and local). LINKS project aims at learning from both; Austrian and Moroccan experiences. In its last phase, the project deals with the question whether decentralized small-scale energy production models as implemented in some of the Austrian energy model regions are transferrable to Morocco. This assessment takes place against the background of the Moroccan state's ambitions to decentralize and strengthen the regional and provincial levels. Accordingly, this report elaborates the structural, political, social and societal setting in which Morocco's energy policy is embedded. The report tries to define the major actors, analyse the decision-making structures, and review the socio-technical imaginaries which have shaped national energy policies. "Socio-technical imaginaries" define mind-sets and frames which do not only guide policies and strategies but also give insights about the expectations connected with technological developments. The report aims at providing a background for the preparation of the stakeholder forum to be held in Tata/Morocco in October 2017. The forum aims at bringing together local and regional stakeholders and to debate at eye level experiences, expectations and ideas for solar energy production in their region. This working paper was produced within the LINKS project (Linking climate change mitigation, energy security and regional development in climate and energy model regions in Austria) (funded by the ACRP).

This article discusses the potentials and constraints of social justice philanthropy in Indonesia in the context of two trends – of growing Islamization and modernization. It employs interviews and recent observations together with survey data. Although the challenges facing social justice philanthropy remain immense, the pathways to development have been created; pathways through which the gap that exists between faith-based philanthropy and its secular counterparts may become smaller. Looking at growing philanthropization in the last 15 years and the pre-existing popularity of the concept of social justice among the population, could social justice and developmentalism may become the future of Islamic philanthropy in the country? The author argues that modernization and Islamization encourage the practice of philanthropy, but that they do not necessarily contribute to the development of a philanthropy that focuses on social justice. The modernization of the philanthropy sector has shown scattered pictures of development into a form of social justice philanthropy, which remains small but nevertheless encouraging., Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, Vol 10 No 2 (2017): Philanthropy, Giving, and Development

Auf der Grundlage einer Rekonstruktion von Problemstellung und Theoriebildung des Forschungsprogramms zur "Alltäglichen Lebensführung" der Münchner Forschungsgruppe um Karl Martin Bolte formuliert der Beitrag aus wissenschaftstheoretischer Perspektive einige kritische Anmerkungen. Das Forschungsprogramm hatte sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die alltägliche Lebensführung der Akteure zu untersuchen, die sich bei der Notwendigkeit, Erwerbsarbeit, Familie, Freizeit und andere Tätigkeiten zu verbinden, gegenläufigen Anforderungen gegenübersehen. Strukturveränderungen in der modernen Gesellschaft zwingen die Akteure, überkommene Regeln der Alltagsgestaltung, die bislang Entscheidungssicherheiten verbürgt haben, zu mißachten und neue Regelungen ausfindig zu machen. Die Kritikpunkte des Autors richten sich vor allem gegen das funktionalistische Denken der Forscher sowie deren festgefügte normative Überzeugungen darüber, welchen Zielsetzungen die individuellen Lebensentwürfe zu folgen haben. Zu den Aufgaben einer im Rahmen eines solchen Forschungsprogramms angelegten Sozialtheorie gehört es nicht, in paternalistischer Art die Akteure über ihre Ziele zu belehren, sondern die Auswirkungen ihres gemeinsamen Handelns daraufhin zu untersuchen, in welchem Umfang sie damit rechnen sollten, dass sie ihre Sozialbeziehungen, die sie mit Hilfe bestimmter Methoden der Lebensführung organisieren, stabil halten können bzw. sie verändern und umgestalten müssen. (ICH)

The 1960s and early 1970s were characterized by planning optimism and major reforms associated with notions of efficiency on the one hand, and a change in political culture on the other. When government bodies in the Federal Republic of Germany initiated in a top-down way a comprehensive territorial reform and intervened into the everyday life of many people this provoked resistance from citizens. Using the example of the municipal territorial reform as carried out in the Federal Republic, the article addresses tensions as well as a governance processes between the representatives of the state, the municipalities and citizens alongside with a fundamental change in political culture during the 1960s and 1970s. The article shows how the local municipalities reacted to territorial and functional reforms elaborated by the federal and state governments and the ministerial bureaucracy of West Germany with a special focus on North Rhine-Westphalia. It sheds light not only on new players in the political arena, municipalities and local citizens’ initiatives that were increasingly trying to take an active role in decision-making, but also a general change in political culture. Claims for political and social participation and political transparency, a “vital civic spirit” which opposed state planning optimist approaches ‒ demands that those responsible for the reform had to react on. The article examines the redefinitions of the relationship between state and municipality, and citizens in the course of reform processes and related political debates, and analyses how far decisions-making processes changed.

It is surprising that little research has been conducted by Eliasians on museums and that, with some exceptions, academics working on museums do not cite The Civilizing Process. All the more so given that: (i) museum research supports Elias’s claim that elements of modernity originated in court societies, (ii) the nineteenth-century museum was a leading edge of the West’s belief in itself as a singularly civilized place and (iii) there is a contradiction between the museum’s universalism and its latent capacity to stigmatize some visitors as uncivilized outsiders. Indeed, Elias’s theory of established-outsider relations offers profound insights into the museum dimension of social stigma and the socio-genesis of the museum. First, an Eliasian perspective illuminates the relationship between museums and the peculiar structures of feeling that flowed from the interdependencies of modernization. Secondly, in studying European upper classes, he stressed the co-existence of different propertied strata within nineteenth-century states. This explains the apparent inchoateness of European national museums as they emerged at the interface of ruling dynastic elites and upwardly mobile bourgeois outsiders. Thirdly, documentary evidence reveals the museum to be a place where middle class people incorporated and transformed a courtly habitus whilst simultaneously stigmatizing both aristocratic and working class ways of living the body. Finally, Elias elaborated dynamic models of established-outsider relations, emphasizing their ‘complex polyphony’ as the key to explaining the power to stigmatize. The museum performed that polyphony at the interface of established-outsider relations; it could be said that they were the very causes of museums.

Seit Ende des Kalten Krieges sind Europas Armeen kleiner geworden und haben Fähigkeiten eingebüßt. Verteidigungsbudgets schrumpften ebenso wie die Personalstärke der Streitkräfte und der Ausrüstungsumfang. Diese kleinen Zahlen erfordern eine eigene Logik, damit kritische Schwellen für Einsatzbereitschaft und Durchhaltefähigkeit nicht unterschritten werden. Zudem steigen die Kosten für Personal und Rüstungsgüter. Während sich die (sicherheits-)politischen Krisen in der Nachbarschaft der europäischen Staaten verschärfen, verlieren deren Streitkräfte zusehends an Interventionsfähigkeiten. Nur durch umfangreiche Kooperation der europäischen Streitkräfte und rüstungsindustriellen Kapazitäten lassen sich Defizite europäischer militärischer Handlungsfähigkeit kompensieren. (Autorenreferat)

The scholarship on interwar Romania has routinely explored the relationship between monarchism and nationalism, especially under King Carol II (1930-1940). The royalist ideology developed during his reign was grounded on the idea of a leader destined to lead an endeavour of national regeneration. The official propaganda and the King's supporters have always presented the monarch's political, cultural or social initiatives as being oriented towards achieving this goal. In order to explore the way in which the rise of monarchical authoritarianism is legitimized by modernist ideas and practices, this article applies a conceptual framework used by the British scholar Roger Griffin in an attempt to understand the nature of the symbiosis between monarchism and projects of national renewal in 1930's Romania.

In der Dissertation wird ein Optimierungsmodell (MILP) zur Entscheidungsunterstützung von Wohngebäudeeigentümern als Selbstnutzer oder Vermieter bei der Modernisierungsplanung entwickelt. Der Ansatz betrachtet simultan die Maßnahmenwahl und -auslegung, den Versorgungsanlageneinsatz (inkl. KWK/PV) sowie die Finanzierungsstruktur unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten. Das Bewertungsschema beruht auf einer vollständigen Finanzplanung und bezieht staatliche Fördermittel in die Analyse ein.

In den letzten Jahren ist Brasilien als aufsteigende oder wachsende Ökonomie diskutiert worden. Vor allem São Paulo spielt eine zentrale Rolle in diesen Entwicklungsnarrativen. Dabei wird die Stadt als ökonomischer Motor und als Insel der Modernität im Land und in ganz Lateinamerika dargestellt. Doch die Politiken, die darauf abzielen, São Paulo als globale Stadt oder als Weltstadt zu konsolidieren, vertiefen Ungleichheiten und Exklusionen. Nichtsdestoweniger sind diese Politiken mit visuellen Interventionspraktiken in öffentlichen Räumen konfrontiert, die nicht mit modernen, europäisch-amerikanischen Imaginationen über oder Standards einer Kapitalhauptstadt zusammenpassen. Pixação ist ein typischer Graffiti-Stil in Brasilien. Er wurde ursprünglich in den 1980er Jahren von Jugendlichen in São Paulo praktiziert. Obwohl diese Zeichnungen, die sich überall auf Fassaden in brasilianischen Städten finden, generell keinen bestimmten politischen Inhalt aufweisen, diskutieren die AutorInnen pixação als alltägliche Widerstandspraxis im Kontext von räumlicher Segregation und repressiver Kontrolle des öffentlichen Raums. Ferner beziehen sie sich auf jüngere Fälle, in denen pixadores in breitere soziale Auseinandersetzungen involviert waren, wobei sie ihre Techniken und ihr Wissen zu einem fruchtbaren Werkzeug sozialer Bewegungen machten. Schließlich zeigen sie auf, dass Graffiti-Sprayer_innen kürzlich diese Techniken in europäischen Städten übernommen haben. So legen sie dar, dass multidirektionaler Wissensaustausch, den die post-koloniale Stadttheorie einfordert, auf dem Feld visueller Interventionen im öffentlichen Raum bereits praktiziert wird., In recent years, Brazil has been discussed as an emergent or booming economy. São Paulo plays a central role in these development narratives, being presented as the country’s economic powerhouse and an island of modernity within Brazil and Latin America. Policies aiming to consolidate São Paulo’s global or world city-ness deepen inequalities and exclusions. Nevertheless, these policies are confronted with visual intervention practices in public spaces that do not fit modern Euro-American business capital imaginaries and standards. Pixação is a typical style of graffiti found in Brazilian cities, originally practiced by youth in São Paulo in the 1980s. Though the signatures, spread across Brazilian cities’ façades, generally do not contain any explicit political content, we discuss pixação as an everyday practice of resistance in the context of spatial segregation and the repressive policing of public space. Furthermore, we refer to recent cases of pixadores getting involved in broader social struggles, making their techniques and knowledge prolific instruments for social movements. Finally, we show that practitioners in European cities have recently adopted these techniques. Thus, we argue that the multidirectional knowledge exchange claimed by post-colonial urban theory is being practiced in the field of visual interventions in public space.

In 1994, at a meeting known as the Third Forum on Tibet Work, the Chinese authorities announced a series of restrictions on religious practice in the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Described by many outsiders in terms of abuses of rights, in fact those measures differed in important ways. By analysing the target, rationale and procedure of these restrictions, it becomes clear that some were relatively routine, while others were anomalous – their purpose was not explained by officials, the source of their authority was not clear, or the restrictions were simply not admitted to at all. These anomalous orders can be linked to major changes in underlying discourses of modernization and development among officials in Tibet at the time. They reflected undeclared shifts in attitudes to religion and cultural difference, and seeded the dramatic worsening in state–society relations that has taken place in Tibetan areas since that time.

36 The present analysis is based on the institutional model of research on social processes. Thus, the idea of possible modernisation of Russian society rests on the consideration of the current situation in the field of economics, management, and science. On the basis of a secondary analysis of statistical data and the works of Russian and international sociologists, this article describes the fundamental conceptual framework of the modernisation of Russian society. In particular, it focuses on the criticism of the modernisation project initiated by the forces that present themselves as conservative. The author also mentions significant problems arising during the modernisation of Russian society; these problems are rooted in both objective conditions of the on-going process and subjective factors. The article addresses the emergence and development of the modernisation idea in Russia. The relevance of this work lies in the identification of the features of the transition of Russian society into a new phase, which reflects the trends of global innovative processes.