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Kinetic resolution of racemates with lipases is the preferred method for producing bioactive compounds. One strategy for obtaining highly enantioselective lipases that are stable in the organic media that are often used in these reactions is to improve existing lipases by protein engineering. In this work, we engineered the lipase LipC12, which has good stability in organic media, but only moderate enantioselectivity. Molecular docking with LipC12 identified V261 as a key position influencing, first, enantioselectivity in the transesterification of (RS)-1-phenylethanol and, second, activity in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl octanoate. Variants were then obtained by site-directed mutagenesis, expressed in Escherichia coli, and their performance in these reactions was evaluated. Enzymes immobilized on Immobead 150 were used in the transesterification while free enzyme was used in the hydrolysis reaction. It was not possible to increase the hydrolytic activity and enantioselectivity simultaneously: some variants had increased enantioselectivity but lower hydrolytic activity, and others had increased hydrolytic activity but lower enantioselectivity. The best result for enantioselectivity was obtained for LipC12V261Q, with an increase of the E-value (for (R)-1-phenylethanol) from 46 to 110, however, its hydrolytic activity decreased 4-fold in comparison to LipC12wt. The highest hydrolytic activity was obtained for LipC12V261F, with a value almost 6-fold higher than that of LipC12wt. This variant also had an inverted enantiopreference (i.e. for (S)-1-phenylethanol), but with a very low E-value of only 4.

Almost four billion people in the world use the internet which includes forms of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Reddit, etc. Along with the gifts of such developed communication technologies, many hardships and future problems have emerged. Misinformation leaks, internet trolls, and the newer trend of cyber-nationalism all come with these advanced forms of technology. The purpose of this paper is to define what these negative consequences mean for us, and what our government is doing with this new power. To be able to grasp a scope of what is happening, the history of the internet and cyber-nationalism need to be distinguished as well as showing different forms of use and how they affect us in our daily lives. Looking through the eyes of a political geographer it is important to see if cyber-nationalism deserves its own category yet as a topic of study, and how this is similar or different to the use of propaganda in the past such as World War II. This paper concludes with final thoughts on the internet and cyber-nationalism, and future research possibilities that help to interpret the use of cyber-nationalism and further its study.

This paper asks how mission shapes leadership development for Paul, exploring to what extent leaders are raised up for mission and whether mission requires leaders to raise up other leaders. Drawing on key texts, it builds the case that mission significantly shapes leadership development in Paul’s experience, practice, and teaching. First, this work contends that for Paul, leaders are raised up not for edification only but for mission as a whole, including edification and evangelism. Additionally, it will present evidence that for Paul, mission requires leaders not only to proclaim the gospel and edify the church but also, as an extension of those goals, to raise up other leaders.

"1995".Project Number: Management of Non-point Source Pollution in Rural and semirural Catchments; MDFRC Project M/03/5109 & SB/1/24; NRMS Project M202; LWRRDC Project MDR6.MDFRC item.1 of 2 reports associated with project see (Diffuse nutrient loads entering the Murray River from the Long Plain Creek via the Carroll’s Lane Drain, Howlong, NSW).The progressive eutrophication of water draining agricultural catchments has caused increasing concern in recent years. The source of nutrient pollution in such catchments is difficult to assess, measure and control, as it is widespread and diffuse. Land holders and communities who are responsible for managing productive rural and urban catchments face the dilemma of maximising biological productivity on the land and maintaining it at a high level, while minimising the risk of the undesirable side effects of high biological productivity in associated aquatic ecosystems. Resolution of this dilemma requires that ways be found to retain nutrients within the productive catchments and to recycle them on a sustainable basis. The use of wetlands to intercept diffuse nutrient runoff has been proposed recently as a strategy for the control of diffuse pollution, particularly those nutrients important in eutrophication. The aim of this study is to provide data on the impact of three wetlands on nutrient loads fl owing from small rural catchments. This study was considered necessary as there are few rigorous data sets available for Australian conditions which assess the performance of wetlands for diffuse pollution control. Three wetlands in north east Victoria were studied between 1992 and 1995. Two of the wetlands were located along small drainage lines and may be more correctly termed•”vegetated drainage lines”. One of these was a natural wetland while the other was constructed although this structure quickly silted up and for all intents and purposes acted as a natural system after the first year. Results from these wetlands indicate that they function as nutrient sinks (ie. more nutrient enters the system than leaves) most of the time, particularly for phosphorus. However. they are capable of discharging net amounts of stored nitrogen and phosphorus both in storm events and between events in background flows . A nutrient budget for both linear wetlands in a below average rainfall year February 1994 to January 1995 indicated that they intercepted 11% and 23% of the nitrogen load and 17% and 38% of the phosphorus load for Crookes and Humphreys wetlands respectively. The third wetland, a two hectare Phragmites swamp with a small catchment. was expected to achieve high retention of nitrogen and phosphorus. Surface water flows and nutrient loads calculated for storm and background flow events indicated that this natural wetland was a net exporter of nutrient. This was primarily due to the wetland being a ground water discharge area . A joint study with the former Rural Water Commission (Hydrotechnology) was undertaken to monitor and model ground water loads. Many natural wetlands on the floodplain are impacted by ground water and an appreciation of this aspect of nutrient budgets is important. Preliminary analysis and modelling indicate that the nutrients in the ground water provide most of the nutrient load leaving this wetland in the surface outflow. However, initial estimates of ground water and surface water loads indicate that ground water loads alone cannot account for all the additional nutrient load leaving the system. The additional nutrient may originate from a fire which burnt the wetland. although increased loads leaving the wetland immediately after the fire were not detected. The other possibility is that the ground water mobilises stored nutrient from the wetland under certain conditions which still have to be identified. This study has not identified the reasons for retention o r release at this stage. A more detailed examination of the data is in progress. it is likely that there are complex interrelationships between the magnitude, timing, duration and chemical nature of the nutrient load entering the wetland and morphological, chemical. biological and hydrological processes within the wetlands which will change in time and space. Small wetlands in rural catchments will most likely have the greatest impact on the settling and filtration of particulate material. The study has indicated that there is potential for numerous small wetlands to have a cumulative impact on diffuse nutrient loads flowing from catchments, even in large storm events. This may be facilitated by encouraging farming communities to maintain wetlands and to fence off small drainage lines where possible. Most rural landscapes consist of a mosaic of ecological systems that will affect the water quality of run-off in a variety of ways. It is likely that any attempt to control diffuse pollution from rural catchments will require the use of several systems, such as wetlands, in a balanced flexible strategy that may have to be tailor-made for each catchment. This in turn requires a good understanding of the different ecosystems that could form part of the composite strategy as it is unlikely that any one system will behave consistently and reliably with respect to its nutrient relationships. Thus. an ecologically sustainable solution will entail a holistic approach requiring sensitive management of a number of compatible ecosystems within the landscape. The results of this project should contribute to this. Management Recommendations. On the basis of the information obtained in this study. and the collective experience and judgement of those who worked on the project. the following management recommendations are made. 1. On farm wetlands should be preserved. rehabilitated or created. 2. Small wetlands in series within sub-catchments which have a cumulative impact on nutrient loads are likely to be more efficient and cost effective than larger structures at the lower end of catchments due to the nature of nutrient loads generated in storm events. 3. Opportunities for wetland establishment should be sought as part of land and water management planning on a catchment by catchment basis and at the individual property scale. 4. Farm planning principles should include water quality management using wetlands, fenced waterways and drainage lines. 5. Consideration should be given to retarding run-off flows where practicable. This may mean a reassessment of current farm drainage practices. 6. Where possible, small drainage lines should be fenced off and the growth of emergent aquatic and riparian vegetation preserved or encouraged. 7. If planting is needed, the use of emergent aquatic vegetation which is indigenous, and which will provide a uniform barrier to runoff is recommended. 8. As appropriate, simple earth works should be instituted to maximise delivery of runoff water to wetlands and to increase their retention times. 9 . Ground water discharge areas are a nutrient source in the landscape and present particular problems. As well as adding to the nutrient load they may disrupt the retention capacities of associated wetlands. At the present level of knowledge attempts should be made to incorporate discharge into wetlands/retarding basins below the discharge area. 10. Special management requirements such as nutrient cycling through controlled grazing, periodic extraction and harvesting etc. will be necessary as small wetlands will saturate over time. 11. Management issues such as weed and pest control will need to be addressed. 12. The use of wetlands for diffuse pollution control will not be a total solution. but will be a valuable tool as part of a larger integrated strategy. Research Recommendations: The following hypotheses have been formulated during this project and it is recommended that further research be conducted in the following areas. 1. The phosphorus load retained by a wetland in a storm event is released in a more bioavailable form in low flows after the event. (Test if the wetland converts particulate bound phosphorus to more bioavailable forms). 2. The phosphorus load retained by a wet land in a storm event is subsequently flushed from the wetland during storm events in the following 6 months. (Test if the wetland acts primarily as a temporary store). 3. The filtering and sedimentation of particulate material is the main mechanism of nutrient (N and P) interception in small wetlands with a limited hydraulic retention time. (Measure the major mechanisms involved in nutrient interception in these wetlands). 4. Phosphorus retention efficiency in small wetlands is governed by the size distribution of particulate phosphorus in incoming flows and the hydrology (flow rate and duration) of the event which will affect settling rates and residence times. (Measure the range of particle sizes in the material intercepted by the wetland during different storm events). 5. The macrophytes which provide the most impediment to flow (shape. distribution, uniformity and density of culm distribution) will intercept the most nutrient. (Test which macrophytes are most effective in impeding flow) . 6. High flows in large storm events are not impeded by macrophyte vegetation and consequently do not lose nutrient. (Test whether during high flows water passes over the top of Ule vegetation and bypasses nutrient interception mechanisms.) 7. The redox potential of the substrate is the significant parameter that influences chemical change to more/less "stable" forms of major nutrients important in release/ retention mechanisms during low flows only. (Test the significance of the redox conditions present in the substrate during background flow conditions.) 8. Recycling of nutrients from small wetlands (grazing, harvesting, physical extraction of accumulated silt and humic material) is possible without severe disruption to the wetland and its interception capacity. (Test the effects of

Murray-Darling Freshwater Research CentreMDFRC item.The ability of Australian native water plants to treat piggery effluent was investigated at a 500-sow piggery. A field experimental treatment system comprising two 20-m trenches, trapezoidal in shape, lined with black plastic and planted with Typha domingensis and Schoenoplectus validus was established. These emergent water plants were selected after a series of growth experiments with piggery effluent in a glasshouse. A further series of comparative experiments with poultry, abattoir and winery effluent, and native and introduced floating plants, was also conducted. The floating plants were not ablt to survive in the concentrated effluents, with the winery effluent being toxic to all species. The field system operated with a 5- or 10-day retention time and was able to remove a proportion of the load of Cl, Na, K, P, COD, Kjeldahl N and suspended solids from the diluted effluent. As the outflow concentrations were still very high, the system was considered to be overloaded and not overly effective for this particular effluent. The treatment or removal that occurred was attributed to physical filtering of the effluent and not plant uptake.

"August 1991".Project Number: Lake Mokoan Project - M/04/189.MDFRC item.Water quality of Lake Mokoan has deteriorated in recent years as a consequence of sustained high turbidity and algal blooms. Habitat conditions for other biota have declined at the same time, as exemplified by the death of tortoises and the virtual disappearance of submerged aquatic macrophytes. It is not known whether the latter is a cause or an effect of the high turbidity. We were engaged as consultants to consider whether this turbidity could be reversed by re-establishing vegetation on the lake bottom and shoreline, and if so, what procedures and plants should be employed. We visited the lake, met appropriate officials and members of the local community and consulted available reports. We concluded that revegetation of the shoreline was feasible and estimated the probability of success was at least 50%. Establishing and maintaining this vegetation would require careful management of water levels and of exposed shorelines. We estimated the probability of reducing turbidity by re-planting aquatic plants was no more than 25%. This is a guess-timate, there being no hard information on ecology of recommended species and their responses on lake floor sediments. The procedures we suggest for revegetating the lake and for restoring habitat conditions for lake biota in general are outlined in the following recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS l. The whole lake should be fenced to contain the lake and a buffer zone with a minimum width of 20 m above maximum water level. 2. Lake levels should be gradually drawn down by 1-2 m per year to a target minimum, estimated to be about 4.5% of the total volume of the lake when full. 3. Lake sediments exposed by draw-down should be revegetated by pasture grasses, according to local practice for establishing pasture. 4. The species or combination of species that grows most under the prevailing shoreline conditions should be investigated possibly by experimental use of the Duckponds. Possible species are perennial rye grass (Lolium rigidum), couch grass (Cynodon dacrylon) for the upper shoreline, and water couch grass (Paspalum disrichum), for the lower part of the shoreline. 5. The established pasture should be managed to obtain maximum plant density and root/rhizome growth and should not be grazed unless no adverse effects are likely. 6. When the target draw-down level is reached, the remaining water should be clarified. Advice should be obtained on the most appropriate chemical to use, and on timing in relation to planting schedules. 7. Propagules of submerged macrophytes should be planted by hand in shallow water. Suitable species are ribbonweed (Vallisneria), pond weed (Potamogeton) and milfoil (Myriophyllum). Appropriate propagules include portions of stem and rhizome. 8. Populations of emergent aquatic plants should be established, also by hand planting portions of stem or rhizome, in proximity to the water line, once this is reasonably well stabilised. Suitable species for sheltered areas include rush (Juncus sp "0") and for exposed areas common reed (Phragmites australis). 9. The potential for natural revegetation from the seed bank should be examined and assessed, and procedures adapted if necessary to take advantage of this. 10. Carp may undermine young, submerged and emergent aquatic plants, and so promote resuspension of particulate matter into the lake water. It will be necessary to determine whether carp are likely to prejudice a planting program at Lake Mokoan, and if so what management strategies can be implemented to ensure safe establishment and maintenance of vegetation. 11. Volunteers from organisations such as the Australian Trust for Conservation Volunteers and from members of the local community may be willing to assist in carrying out these recommendations where appropriate.

Murray-Darling Freshwater Research CentreMDFRC item.An assessment of the performance of a wetland dominated by opportunistic weeds in removing nutrients from a secondary sewage effluent was carried out at Thredbo in Kosciusko National Park. Water quality sampling of the inflow and outflow showed a reduction in turbidity, pH and conductivity with passage through the wetland. Dissolved oxygen levels also decreased. In summer 1982, the phosphorus load of 1.8kg P day-1 was reduced by 44% as wasterwater moved through the wetland, and the nitrogen load of 6.4 kg N day-1 by 65%. Winter retentions were 10% and 14% of inflowing loads, respectively. In 1983 there was a net release of phosphorus and reduced retention of nitrogen. This was regarded as being a result of physical distrubance of the wetland. Vegetation downstream of the effluent inflow was dominated by the opportunistic weeds Epilobium sarmantaceum and Rumex crispus. Upstream, Carex gaudichaudiana and Baeckea gunniana dominated. Marked seasonal changes in vigour and biomass were recorded. Plants, but not sediments, downstream of the inflow contained more nutrients than those upstream. Seed bank analysis showed more seeds downstream than upstream. A moist treatment promoted more seed germination than a flooded treatment. E. sarmantaceum and to a lesser extent R. crispus dominated in each treatment. In an effort to promote greater water retention and replacement of the weed species, channels in the wetland have been blocked with gravel and planted with Phragmites australis and Schoenoplectus validus.

Problematic alcohol consumption develops concurrently with deficits in decision-making. These deficits may be due to alterations in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) neural activity, as it is essential for the evaluation and implementation of behavioral strategies. In this study, we hypothesized that differences in cognitive control would be evident between Wistars and alcohol-preferring P rats. Cognitive control can be split into proactive and reactive components. Proactive control maintains goal-directed behavior independent of a stimulus whereas reactive control elicits goal-directed behavior at the time of a stimulus. Specifically, it was hypothesized that Wistars would show proactive control over alcohol-seeking whereas P rats would show reactive control over alcohol-seeking. Proactive control in our rodent model is defined as responding to distal task cues whereas reactive control is responding to proximal cues. This was tested in rodents performing a 2-way Cued Access Protocol (2CAP) that facilitates measurements of alcohol seeking and drinking. Congruent sessions were the typical, default 2CAP sessions that consisted of the CS+ being on the same side as alcohol access. These were compared with incongruent sessions where alcohol access was opposite of the CS+. Wistars exhibited an increase in incorrect approaches during the incongruent sessions, which was not detectable in P rats. A trial-by-trial analysis indicated that the increases in incorrect responses was explained by Wistars utilizing the previously learned task-rule, whereas the P rats did not. This motivated the subsequent hypothesis that neural activity patterns corresponding to proactive control would be observable in Wistars but not P rats. Principal Component Analysis indicated that neural ensembles in the dmPFC of Wistars exhibited decreased activity to the cue light in incongruent sessions whereas P rat ensembles displayed increased activity at timepoints associated with the onset and end of alcohol access. Overall, it was observed that P rats showed the most differences in neural activity at times relevant for alcohol delivery; specifically, when the sipper came into the apparatus and left. Conversely, Wistars showed differences prior to approach as evidenced by both differences in cue-related activity as well as differences in spatial-strategies. Together, these results support our hypothesis that Wistars are more likely to engage proactive cognitive control strategies whereas P rats are more likely to engage reactive cognitive control strategies. Although P rats were bred to prefer alcohol, differences in cognitive control phenotypes may have concomitantly occurred that are of clinical relevance.

"January 1996".Project Number: Quantity and quality of catchment water yield in response to drainage of non-irrigated land - SB/1/28, M/03/5112; LWRRDC Project LWMD6.MDFRC item.Associated Projects see Natural Resource Management Strategy Project M202.Two issues pertaining to the management of pollution from diffuse run-off were investigated in this project: the possibility that the use of mole drains to alleviate waterlogging in non-irrigated pastures could increase water yield and nutrient load from catchments; the potential for wetlands to ameliorate the quality of run-off water flowing through them. The research showed that the capacity for wetlands to retain nutrients was variable and affected by season, residence time of water in the wetland, and especially by groundwater influences in particular wetlands. Comparisons of mole drainage and surface run-off showed that the former generally had proportionately higher levels of nutrients than the latter, although there was an indication that phosphorus was being removed from water percolating through the soil. Annual water and nutrient yields from Crooke's Farm experimental site in the Kiewa valley for the drought year of 1994/95 were calculated. For surface run-off and mole drainage, respectively, these amounted to 36 and 8 ML water, 67 and 252 kg ha-l yr-l total dissolved salts, 645 and 6452 g ha-l yr-l total nitrogen, and 65 and 264 g ha-l yr-l total phosphorus. However, the area being subject to mole drainage was intensively managed to improve pasture productivity and therefore was not strictly comparable with most of the rest of the catchment. Moreover, the areas subjected to mole drainage within a catchment are likely to be relatively small because of the high cost of installation. Finally, it was unfortunately not possible to make direct comparisons of mole drainage and surface run-off from the same area during these studies. For all these reasons, caution must be exercised in the extrapolation of these results to the installation of mole drains in general, until further research is carried out. Economic evaluation of the benefit of installing mole drainage to improve dairy production showed a pay-back period between 1.4 and 2.4 years, depending on the nature of the mole drains used in the installation.

Supplementary file containing materials and additional sensitivity analysis

"February 1994".Project Number: Sustained phosphorus removal from sew age by artifical wetlands - M/03/5085, SB/1/20; LWRRDC Project number MDR4.MDFRC item.The short term capacity for phosphorus in plan led artificial wetlands, and the equilibrium orthophosphate concentration in their effluent are determined by the sorptive potential of the gravel. The long term capacity is determined by the plants, which can have seasonal fluctuations in uptake. The speed of uptake to gravel is diffusion controlled. The major orthophosphate sorption sites are iron, associated with the biofilm. In reducing conditions when Fe (1111) is reduced to Fe (111) the equilibrium orthophosphate concentrations rise greatly. Suggestions for managing constructed wetlands so as 10 sustain maximal phosphorus removal are discussed in a separate confidential report.

Murray-Darling Freshwater Research CentreMDFRC item.The sustainable management of water resources to minimise problems with an ecological basis, such as blooms of blue-green algae, requires food understanding of the ecological background to the problem and the continuing input of appropriate research. Blooms of blue-green algae are primarily caused by excessive availability of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, though other factors such as temperature, light, river flow and grazing of animals can have effects. Blue-green algae are well adapted to monopolise good growth conditions and to dominate such blooms. Under certain conditions, toxins of two types, neurotoxins and hepatotoxins, are produced by blue-green algae. Research is required to refine understanding of all these issues. A comparison of the responses of Australia, southern Africa, the United Kingdom and North America to the occurrence of blue-green algal problems in their respective countries shows that the Australian response was somewhat cumbersome, and not well based on existing knowledge. However, it appears to have been effective. Early involvement of scientific societies such as the Australian Institute of Biology is advocated as a means of providing objective expert input at the earliest stages of developing an appropriate approach to such problems.

These are raw data and analysis code from projects related to the guppy predation mesocosms which were held at Deakin University in the Biro lab.

Focussing on peri-urban areas of Honiara, this report assesses the land tenure issues and provides recommendations for locally appropriate land administration options to support project actions in peri-urban areas. The report presents an assessment of land administration and options to secure and safeguard legitimate tenure rights and inform resettlement considerations on land identified for project activities, taking account of both the current legislation and customary tenure.

Survivorship under predation exerts strong selection on reproductive traits as well as on brain anatomy of prey. However, how exactly predation and brain evolution are linked has not been resolved as current empirical evidence is inconclusive. This may be due to predation pressure having different effects across life stages and/or due to confounding factors in ecological comparisons of predation pressure. Here, we used adult guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to experimentally test the impact of a period of strong predation on brain anatomy and reproduction of surviving individuals. We compared the survivors to control fish, which were exposed to visual and olfactory predator cues but could not be predated on, and found that predation impacted the relative size of female brains. This effect was dependent on body size as larger female survivors showed relatively larger brains, while smaller survivors showed relatively smaller brains when compared to control animals. There were no differences in male relative brain size between the treatments, nor for any specific relative brain region sizes for either sex. Moreover, survivors produced more offspring, but did not show shorter interbrood intervals than controls. Our results corroborate the important, yet complex, role of predation as an important factor behind variation in brain anatomy.

Additional file 1. Experimental details, Tables S1–S5 Figures S1–S4.

This paper presents a unifying framework to construct low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with associated Tanner graphs of desired girth. Towards this goal, we highlight the role that a certain square matrix that appears in the product of the parity-check matrix with its transpose has in the construction of codes with graphs of desired girth and further explore it in order to generate the set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a Tanner graph to have a given girth between 6 and 12. For each such girth, we present algorithms to construct codes of the desired girth and we show how to use them to compute the minimum necessary value of the lifting factor. For girth larger than 12, we show how to use multi-step graph lifting methods to deterministically modify codes in order to increase their girth. We also give a new perspective on LDPC protograph-based parity-check matrices by viewing them as rows of a parity-check matrix equal to the sum of certain permutation matrices and obtain an important connection between all protographs and those with variable nodes of degree 2. We also show that the results and methodology that we develop for the all-one protograph can be used and adapted to analyze the girth of the Tanner graph of any parity-check matrix and demonstrate how this can be done using a well-known irregular, multi-edge protograph specified by the NASA Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). Throughout the paper, we exemplify our theoretical results with constructions of LDPC codes with Tanner graphs of any girth between 6 and 14 and give sufficient conditions for a multi-step lifted parity-check matrix to have girth between 14 and 22., Comment: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Perceptual training leads to improvements in a wide range of simple visual tasks. However, it is still unclear how effective it can be for more difficult visual tasks in real-world domains such as radiology. Is it possible to train people to the level of experts? If so, what method is best, and how much training is necessary? Over four training sessions, we trained medically naive participants to identify the degree of fatty liver tissue present in ultrasound images. We found that both COMPARISON and SINGLE-CASE perceptual training techniques resulted in significant post-training improvement, but that the SINGLE-CASE training was more effective. Whilst people showed rapid learning with less than one hour of training, they did not improve to the level of experts, and additional training sessions did not provide significant benefits beyond the initial session. This suggests that perceptual training could usefully augment, but not replace, the traditional rule-based training that medical students currently receive.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jet-10.1177_15266028211028215 for Open versus Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the Australian Private Sector Over Twenty Years by Kirby R. Qin, Marlon Perera, Nathan Papa, David Mitchell and Jason Chuen in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Plasma generation systems represent a particularly challenging load for radio-frequency power amplifiers owing to the combination of high operating frequency (e.g., 13.56 MHz) and highly variable load parameters. We introduce a dynamic matching system for inductively coupled plasma (ICP) generation that losslessly maintains near-constant driving point impedance (for low reflected power) across the entire plasma operating range. This new system utilizes a resistance compression network (RCN), an impedance transformation stage, and a specially configured set of plasma drive coils to achieve rapid adjustment to plasma load variations. As compared to conventional matching techniques for plasma systems, the proposed approach has the benefit of relatively low cost and fast response, and does not require any moving components. We describe suitable coil geometries for the proposed system, and treat the design of the RCN and matching stages, including design options and tradeoffs. A prototype system is implemented and its operation is demonstrated with low pressure ICP discharges with O $_{2}$ , C $_{4}$ F $_{8}$ , and SF $_{{6}}$ gases at 13.56 MHz and over the entire plasma operating range of up to 250 W.

Positive mental health is a critical component of overall mental health, but our understanding of the potential drivers of positive mental health is lacking. Participation in the arts may contribute to positive mental health through the mechanism of flow, a mental state of becoming completely engrossed in an enjoyable activity. Participation in performing arts specifically may be especially predictive of positive mental health due to its collective nature.This study uses the Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Transition to Adulthood Sample (N = 5657 person-years) to investigate whether participation in performing arts predicts positive mental health in young adults in the US through adjusted least squares and individual-level fixed-effects linear regression models across three waves of data per individual. Additionally, the study investigates different levels of participation to establish a dose response and employs stratified analyses by race/ethnicity, income, and gender.Results show that, compared to no participation, participating in the performing arts every day is associated with an increase in positive mental health of a 0.315 effect size [p 0.001]. White and higher income individuals are more likely to participate in the arts than people of color and lower income individuals. Yet, the association between performing arts and positive mental health is similar, if not greater, for people of color than it is for white individuals.This study shows strong associations between frequent performing arts participation and positive mental health and suggests that more resources should be allocated to performing arts access for young adults from diverse backgrounds.

A novel antifungal strategy targeting the inhibition of calcineurin is described. To develop a calcineurin based inhibitor of pathogenic fungi, analogs of FK506 were synthesized that were able to permeate mammalian but not fungal cells. Antagonists in combination with FK506 were not immunosuppressive and retained antifungal activity in A. fumigatus. To reduce the dosage burden of the antagonist, murine oral PK was improved an order of magnitude relative to previous FK506 antagonists.

This research includes a conceptual model to explore the complex relationships between different representations of cadastral boundaries. This model, which has broad application, is known as the Cadastral Triangular Model (CTM). The CTM is a valuable tool to explore and resolve complex issues facing cadastral systems, for example proposals for the evolution of 3D cadastres. This research also identifies further applications of this model to address contemporary issues confronting cadastral authorities, e.g. the optimal positional uncertainty of spatial cadastres.Supplementary data attached as .zip file.

We report the discovery of a new exoplanet candidate orbiting the star GJ 3470. A total of three transits were detected by OKSky Observatory: the first one on December 23, 2019, the second one on February 27, 2020, and the third one on May 3, 2020. We estimate an average transit depth of 0.84 percent and duration of 1 hour and 2 minutes. Based on this parameter, we calculate a radius of 9.2 Earth radii, which would correspond to the size of a Saturn-like exoplanet. We also estimate an orbital period of 66 days that places the exoplanet inside the habitable zone, near the orbital distance at Earths equivalent radiation. Another twelve potential transits that do not belong to GJ 3470 b are also reported. Despite our candidate for GJ 3470 c still has to be confirmed by the scientific community, the discovery represents a turning point in exoplanet research for being the first candidate discovered through an international project managed by amateur astronomers.

In this paper, we introduce two new methods of mitigating decoder error propagation for low-latency sliding window decoding (SWD) of spatially coupled low density parity check (SC-LDPC) codes. Building on the recently introduced idea of \emph{check node (CN) doping} of regular SC-LDPC codes, here we employ variable node (VN) doping to fix (set to a known value) a subset of variable nodes in the coupling chain. Both of these doping methods have the effect of allowing SWD to recover from error propagation, at a cost of a slight rate loss. Experimental results show that, similar to CN doping, VN doping improves performance by up to two orders of magnitude compared to undoped SC-LDPC codes in the typical signal-to-noise ratio operating range. Further, compared to CN doping, VN doping has the advantage of not requiring any changes to the decoding process.In addition, a log-likelihood-ratio based window extension algorithm is proposed to reduce the effect of error propagation. Using this approach, we show that decoding latency can be reduced by up to a significant fraction without suffering any loss in performance.

Supplemental Material, Course_Syllabus for Transforming plans into community impact: Strategic planning as service-learning in public and nonprofit administration graduate programs by David Mitchell and Gregg Buckingham in Teaching Public Administration

Managing drilling margins in challenging wells requires precise prediction of frictional pressure losses and equivalent circulating density (ECD). Current hydraulic models in the industry fail to accurately predict the frictional pressure losses of certain mud formulations in turbulent flow due to the complex behavior of long-chain polymer additives. These additives facilitate friction reduction in certain flow regimes. This reduction depends on several parameters, such as molecular weight and chemical composition of the polymers, making it difficult to quantify using existing models. In this paper, a data-driven approach is proposed to precisely predict frictional pressure losses for polymer-based fluids. A flow-loop was constructed to measure frictional pressure-losses of several polymer-based non-Newtonian fluids under laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes. Pressure loss data was obtained for fluids with different polymer concentrations at various temperatures using differential pressure measurement. A database of the experimental data was compiled and used to build a predictive model for frictional pressure prediction using advanced machine learning techniques. The proposed approach has general validity and can be extended to any type of well construction fluid (used in drilling, completion, stimulation, or workover). Results for frictional pressure loss predictions from the proposed data-driven approach were compared with both the experimental data and widely used industry models. An excellent agreement was observed between the proposed approach and the experimental results, demonstrating the applicability of this approach for hydraulic modeling of polymer-based fluids. The improvements are particularly noticeable at higher polymer concentrations in the turbulent flow regime, where the average percentage discrepancy between the existing models and the experimental data can be as high as 45%. The proposed approach in this study is particularly valuable for wells with a narrow drilling margin and concerns about the ability to manage ECDs (such as slim hole wells, deepwater wells or extended reach wells). It can assist with better planning and avoiding non-productive time and drilling problems such as lost circulation, stuck pipe, wellbore instability, and well control events. Its adaptability to a wide range of fluids using an expanded database makes it particularly attractive as a practical solution to this challenging problem.

著者人数: 16名, Accepted: 2016-05-05, 資料番号: SA1160080000

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a cortical brain region involved in the evaluation and selection of motivationally relevant outcomes. mPFC-mediated cognitive functions are impaired following acute alcohol exposure. In rodent models, ethanol (EtOH) doses as low as 0.75 g/kg yield deficits in cognitive functions. These deficits following acute EtOH are thought to be mediated, at least in part, by decreases in mPFC firing rates. However, these data have been generated exclusively in anesthetized rodents. To eliminate the potentially confounding role of anesthesia on EtOH modulated mPFC activity, the present study investigated the effects of acute EtOH injections on mPFC neural activity in awake-behaving rodents. We utilized three groups: the first group received 2 saline injections during the recording. The second group received a saline injection followed 30 minutes later by a 1.0 g/kg EtOH injection. The last group received a saline injection followed 30 minutes later by a 2.0 g/kg EtOH injection. One week following the awake-behaving recording, an anesthetized recording was performed using one dose of saline followed 30 minutes later by one dose of 1.0 g/kg EtOH in order to replicate previous studies. Firing rates were normalized to a baseline period that occurred 5 minutes prior to each injection. A 5-minute time period 30 minutes following the injection was used to compare across groups. There were no significant differences across the awake-behaving saline-saline group, indicating no major effect on mPFC neural activity as a result of repeated injections. There was a significant main effect across treatment & behavioral groups in the saline-EtOH 1.0 g/kg group with reductions in the EtOH & Sleep condition. In the saline-EtOH 2.0 g/kg, mPFC neural activity was only reduced in lowered states of vigilance. This suggests that EtOH only causes gross changes on neural activity when the animal is not active and behaving. Ultimately this means that EtOH’s impact on decision making is not due to gross changes in mPFC neural activity and future work should investigate its mechanism.

Supplementary material

BiOBr nanosheets with highly reactive {001} facets exposed were selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The inner strain in the BiOBr nanosheets has been tuned continuously by the pH value. The photocatalytic performance of BiOBr in dye degradation can be manipulated by the strain effect. The low-strain BiOBr nanosheets show improved photocatalytic activity. Density functional calculations suggest that strain can modify the band structure and symmetry in BiOBr. The enhanced photocatalytic activity in low-strain BiOBr nanosheets is due to improved charge separation attributable to a highly dispersive band structure with an indirect band gap.

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_2_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_1_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

SLGR_17-0019R2_Table_4_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

SLGR_17-0019R2_Table_6_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_4_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

SLGR_17-0019R2_Table_3_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_7_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

SLGR_17-0019R2_Table_7_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_3_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

SLGR_17-0019R2_Table_1_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_5_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

SLGR_17-0019R2_Table_5_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review

Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0019R2,_Table_6_Supplement for Planning for Change: Incorporating Contextual Implementation Design into Strategic Planning by David Mitchell, Sarah E. Larson, Claudia Colantonio, and Christina Nguyen in State and Local Government Review