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Acceptorless dehydrogenation into carbonyls and molecular hydrogen is an attractive strategy to valorize (biobased) alcohols. Using 2-octanol dehydrogenation as benchmark reaction in a continuous reactor, a library of metal-supported catalysts is tested to validate the predictive level of catalytic activity for combined DFT and micro-kinetic modeling. Based on a series of transition metals, scaling relations are determined as a function of two descriptors, i.e. the surface binding energies of atomic carbon and oxygen. Then, a volcano-shape relation based on both descriptors is derived, paving the way to further optimization of active catalysts. Evaluation of 294 diluted alloys but also a series of carbides and nitrides with the volcano map identified 12 promising candidates with potentially improved activity for alcohol dehydrogenation, which provides useful guidance for experimental catalyst design. Further screening identifies β-Mo2N and γ-Mo2N exposing mostly (001) and (100) facets as potential candidates for alcohol dehydrogenation., Identifying active catalysts for the conversion of alcohols into aldehydes or ketones and molecular hydrogen is highly desirable. Here the authors develop and validate against experiments a screening model based on DFT calculations and scaling relationships for identifying alcohol dehydrogenation catalysts.

International audience; Sensorimotor aftereffects have been widely studied after lateral prism adaptation but not after vertical prism adaptation. It is thus well-known that lateral prism adaptation produces aftereffects on visuospatial representation and, recently, on auditory perception. This study aimed to explore the sensorimotor after-effects of vertical prism adaptation as well as its aftereffects on vertical visuospatial representation (Experiment 1) and on auditory frequency representation (Experiment 2). The experimental procedure was similar in both experiments: before and after prism adaptation to an upward or a downward optical deviation, healthy young participants performed an visual open-loop pointing task and a visual (Experiment 1) or an auditory (Experiment 2) perceptual bisection task. In the visual task, the participants had to indicate if they perceived the bisection as higher or lower than the true center of a line. In the auditory task, the participants had to indicate if they perceived the target auditory frequency closer to the low or the high limit of an auditory interval. For sensorimotor aftereffects, pointing errors were computed by means of a vertical touchscreen. For the perceptual bisection task, we measured the percentage of “down” (Experiment 1) or “low” responses (Experiment 2), and we computed the visual (Experiment 1) or the auditory (Experiment 2) subjective center for each participant. Statistical analyses were carried out separately for each optical deviation in each experiment. Sensorimotor aftereffects were observed in both experiments, in the opposite direction to the optical deviation (all ps < 0.01). No significant aftereffects occurred on visuospatial representation (all ps > 0.5), whereas the percentage of “low” responses and the auditory subjective center significantly increased after adaptation to a downward optical deviation (all ps < 0.05). Unlike lateral prism adaptation aftereffects that have been previously shown in both visuospatial horizontal representation and auditory frequency representation, aftereffects of vertical prism adaptation occurred in the auditory frequency representation but not in the vertical visuospatial representation. These results suggest that both vertical and lateral prism adaptations share a common substrate dedicated to the auditory modality (probably the temporal cortex), and that vertical adaptation does not act on the neural substrate of vertical visuospatial representation.

Reaction of 3-hydroxybutanone in air has been studied with and without a catalyst under atmospheric pressure and at temperatures between 523 and 673 K. The results revealed that the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction into butane-2,3-dione is thermodynamically preferred to the dehydration reaction, which did not occur, and to the oxidation into acetic acid, which occurs partially. The oxidative dehydrogenation proceeds via homogeneous radical mediated pathways in air and almost total conversion with a selectivity of about 85% can be obtained at 738 K. DFT calculations have been performed to provide insights into the homogeneous pathways. O2 and its derivatives are considered to take part in the reaction as H acceptors. The first step is the de-protonation of the secondary carbon atom, then mainly followed by the de-protonation of the hydroxyl group to finally obtain butane-2,3-dione. The cleavage of the intermediate radical leading to acetic acid is possible but not the most favorable. Tungsten oxides with bronze type structures and containing V and Nb have been studied as catalysts and turned out to be efficient to accelerate the reaction but did not lead to a significant increase in selectivity to butane-2,3-dione.

The White Book (WB) of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) in Europe is produced by the 4 European PRM Bodies (European Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine - EARM, European Society of PRM - ESPRM, European Union of Medical Specialists - PRM Section, European College of PRM-ECPRM served by the European Union of Medical Specialists-PRM Board) and constitutes the reference book for PRM physicians in Europe. It has now reached its third edition; the first was published in 1989 and the second in 2006/2007. The WB has multiple purposes, including providing a unifying framework for European countries, to inform decision-makers on European and national level, to offer educational material for PRM trainees and physicians and information about PRM to the medical community, other rehabilitation professionals and the public. The WB states the importance of PRM, a primary medical specialty that is present all over Europe, with a specific corpus disciplinae, a common background and history throughout Europe. PRM is internationally recognized and a partner of major international bodies, including the World Health Organization (WHO). PRM activities are strongly based on the documents of the United Nations (UN) and WHO, such as the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), the World Report on Disability (2011), the WHO Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021 (2014) and the WHO initiative "Rehabilitation 2030: a call for action" (2017). The WB is organized in 4 sections, 11 chapters and some appendices. The WB starts with basic definitions and concepts of PRM and continues with why rehabilitation is needed by individuals and society. Rehabilitation focuses not only on health conditions but also on functioning. Accordingly. PRM is the medical specialty that strives to improve functioning of people with a health condition or experiencing disability. The fundamentals of PRM, the history of the PRM specialty, and the structure and activities of PRM organizations in Europe are presented, followed by a thorough presentation of the practice of PRM, i.e. knowledge and skills of PRM physicians, the clinical field of competence of PRM, the place of the PRM specialty in the healthcare system and society, education and continuous professional development of PRM physicians, specificities and challenges of science and research in PRM. The WB concludes with the way forward for the specialty: challenges and perspectives for the future of PRM.

International audience; The prediction of our actions and their interaction with the external environment is critical for sensorimotor adaptation. For instance, during prism exposure, which deviates laterally our visual field, we progressively correct movement errors by combining sensory feedback with forward model sensory predictions. However, very often we project our actions to the external environment without physically interacting with it (e.g., mental actions). An intriguing question is whether adaptation will occur if we imagine, instead of executing, an arm movement while wearing prisms. Here, we investigated prism adaptation during mental actions. In the first experiment, participants (n = 54) performed arm pointing movements before and after exposure to the optical device. They were equally divided into six groups according to prism exposure: Prisms-Active, Prisms-Imagery, Prisms-Stationary, Prisms-Stationary-Attention, No Conflict-Prisms-Imagery, No Prisms-Imagery. Adaptation, measured by the difference in pointing errors between pre-test and post-test, occurred only in Prisms-Active and Prisms-Imagery conditions. The second experiment confirmed the results of the first experiment and further showed that sensorimotor adaptation was mainly due to proprioceptive realignment in both Prisms-Active (n = 10) and Prisms-Imagery (n = 10) groups. In both experiments adaptation was greater following actual than imagined pointing movements. The present results are the first demonstration of prism adaptation by mental practice under prism exposure and they are discussed in terms of internal forward models and sensorimotor plasticity.