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SUMMARYThe Qinling belt is a transitional zone lying among three units: the North China block (NCB), the South China block (SCB) and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP). Owing to the interaction of these units, complex deformation has occurred in the Qinling belt. Although many studies have been conducted to understand the deformation mechanism in the Qinling belt, some key issues are still under debate, such as whether middle-lower crustal flow exists beneath the western Qinling belt (WQB). High-resolution images of subsurface structures are essential to shed light on the deformation mechanism. In this paper, high-resolution images of the velocity structure and azimuthal anisotropy beneath the Qinling belt are obtained by using an eikonal equation-based traveltime tomography method. Our seismic tomography inverts 38 719 high-quality P-wave first arrivals from 1697 regional earthquakes recorded by 387 broad-band seismic stations. In the WQB, our tomography results show low-velocity anomalies but relatively weak anisotropy in the middle-lower crust. These features suggest that middle-lower crustal flow may not exist in this area. In the central Qinling belt (CQB), we find low-velocity anomalies in the middle-lower crust; however, the fast velocity directions no longer trend E–W but vary from NNE–SSW to N–S. These characteristics can be ascribed to the convergence and collision between the NCB and the SCB. In addition, we find strong low-velocity anomalies in the uppermost mantle beneath the CQB, which may indicate delamination of the lower crust. In the southern Qinling belt, we observe significant high-velocity anomalies in the upper crust beneath the Hannan–Micang and Shennong–Huangling domes. These high-velocity anomalies indicate a mechanically strong upper crust, which is responsible for the arc-shaped deformation process of the Dabashan fold. Based on the P-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropic structures revealed by the inversion of high-quality seismic data, the deformation of the Qinling belt is affected mainly by the convergence between the NCB and the SCB rather than by the middle-lower crustal flow from the Tibetan Plateau.

Donor halogenation is a common molecular design strategy used to reduce voltage losses (ΔVloss) and improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. Here, the impact of donor halogenation on the performance of organic donor–acceptor (DA) solar cells based on over 30 different materials systems is investigated, and the main reason for the improved performance of solar cells after donor halogenation is ascribed to the increased energy of the charge transfer (CT) state, and the reduced reorganization energy of the CT states (λCT). Also, the impact of donor halogenation on λCT is found to be stronger for the solar cells using the Y-series acceptors (Y5, Y6, etc.) than those using the non-Y-series acceptors (fullerene, ITIC, etc.), which is conducive to achieving lower ΔVloss in organic solar cells. Finally, the impact of donor halogenation on the solar cell performance is demonstrated to be dependent on the halogen substitution position, as well as the number of halogen atoms added to the donor molecule: Halogen substitution on the side groups of the donor molecule is found to be more effective than substitution at the backbone in reducing ΔVloss. These results suggest that future molecular design strategies focusing on the reduction of materials reorganization energy will be of great importance for further improving the performance of organic solar cells.

A series of novel conjugated chain bonded fullerene C60 oligomers (CBFOs) with a well-defined nano-architecture and excellent electron-accepting ability are designed based on fullerene carbenes by means of theoretical calculations.

Features, logits, and labels are the three primary data when a sample passes through a deep neural network. Feature perturbation and label perturbation receive increasing attention in recent years. They have been proven to be useful in various deep learning approaches. For example, (adversarial) feature perturbation can improve the robustness or even generalization capability of learned models. However, limited studies have explicitly explored for the perturbation of logit vectors. This work discusses several existing methods related to logit perturbation. Based on a unified viewpoint between positive/negative data augmentation and loss variations incurred by logit perturbation, a new method is proposed to explicitly learn to perturb logits. A comparative analysis is conducted for the perturbations used in our and existing methods. Extensive experiments on benchmark image classification data sets and their long-tail versions indicated the competitive performance of our learning method. In addition, existing methods can be further improved by utilizing our method.

The power-on warning helmet was used to detect the three- dimensional electrical field near electrical equipment with high voltage. However, the power-on warning helmet will be used in low temperature (-40℃) and high temperature (50℃) environment, E-51 epoxy resin with medium viscosity will be chosen to insulate the joint of conducting wire and fill the seam between two neighboring insulating plates of housing shell. Due to brittleness, the unmodified E-51 epoxy resin system can’t absorb huge internal stress at cryogenic temperature, so the modified E-51 epoxy resin system was developed to investigate the thermal aging properties, which aims at revealing the influence of heating temperature and heating time on the evolution of micro structure, thermo stability of micro structure and mechanical properties. The testing results indicate the micro structure of modified E-51 epoxy resin system is stable after 50 thermal cycling, and the micro structure of modified E-51 epoxy resin system is stable after 50 thermal cycling & heating 105 ℃ & 120 h too. Compared with the mechanical tensile strength of modified E-51 epoxy resin system after 50 thermal cycling & heating 105 ℃ & 120 h, the mechanical tensile strength of modified E-51 epoxy resin system after 50 thermal cycling & heating 105 ℃ & 240 h declines about 13.63%. However, the modified E-51 epoxy resin system after heating for 480 h can lead to significant change of micro structure. The mechanical tensile tests indicate the defects in cured system can lead to dramatically decrease of tensile strength. Consequently, in order to obtain high performance, modification and micro homogeneity of E-51 epoxy resin system are necessary.

Gram-positive (G+) bacterial infection is a great burden to both healthcare and community medical resources. As a result of the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant G+ bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA), novel antimicrobial agents must urgently be developed for the treatment of infections caused by G+ bacteria. Endolysins are bacteriophage (phage)-encoded enzymes that can specifically hydrolyze the bacterial cell wall and quickly kill bacteria. Bacterial resistance to endolysins is low. Therefore, endolysins are considered promising alternatives for solving the mounting resistance problem. In this review, endolysins derived from phages targeting G+ bacteria were classified based on their structural characteristics. The active mechanisms, efficacy, and advantages of endolysins as antibacterial drug candidates were summarized. Moreover, the remarkable potential of phage endolysins in the treatment of G+ bacterial infections was described. In addition, the safety of endolysins, challenges, and possible solutions were addressed. Notwithstanding the limitations of endolysins, the trends in development indicate that endolysin-based drugs will be approved in the near future. Overall, this review presents crucial information of the current progress involving endolysins as potential therapeutic agents, and it provides a guideline for biomaterial researchers who are devoting themselves to fighting against bacterial infections.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium pathogen in tertiary hospitals, which provide rich medical resources. Tianjin is one of the four municipalities in China with a population of more than 13 million.

Sentiment analysis is a key component in various text mining applications. Numerous sentiment classification techniques, including conventional and deep-learning-based methods, have been proposed in the literature. In most existing methods, a high-quality training set is assumed to be given. Nevertheless, constructing a high-quality training set that consists of highly accurate labels is challenging in real applications. This difficulty stems from the fact that text samples usually contain complex sentiment representations, and their annotation is subjective. We address this challenge in this study by leveraging a new labeling strategy and utilizing a two-level long short-term memory network to construct a sentiment classifier. Lexical cues are useful for sentiment analysis, and they have been utilized in conventional studies. For example, polar and negation words play important roles in sentiment analysis. A new encoding strategy, that is, ρ -hot encoding, is proposed to alleviate the drawbacks of one-hot encoding and, thus, effectively incorporate useful lexical cues. Moreover, the sentimental polarity of a word may change in different sentences due to label noise or context. A flipping model is proposed to model the polar flipping of words in a sentence. We compile three Chinese datasets on the basis of our label strategy and proposed methodology. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on both benchmark English data and our compiled Chinese data.

Vibronic spectra of 3-fluorothioanisole (3FTA) in the first electronic excited state (S

To investigate the prognostic factors on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) associated with incomplete subretinal fluid (SRF) absorption in treated-naïve eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after the half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT).Patients with CSC who underwent half-dose vPDT with a follow-up period of more than 3 months were included in this retrospective study. Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors associated with the SRF persistence at 3 months after the treatment.A total of 143 patients with 150 eyes were enrolled in this study (102 male and 41 female patients). The rate of complete SRF resolution was 82.7% at 3 months for all cases. The duration of symptoms 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 3.135, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] (1.147-8.573), p = 0.026), larger SRF area with base diameter 3 mm (odds ratio (OR) = 4.051, 95% CI: 1.336-12.284, p = 0.013), and larger flat irregular pigment epithelium detachment (FI-PED) area with base diameter 1 mm (OR = 3.311, 95% CI: 1.249-8.780, p = 0.016) on OCT B-scans were risk factors for incomplete SRF absorption after half-dose vPDT, while outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was not significantly associated with the anatomical outcome (OR = 1.015, 95% CI: 0.995-1.036, p = 0.145).The duration of symptoms, baseline SRF, and FI-PED base diameter on SD-OCT were important predictors for the anatomical outcome at 3 months after half-dose vPDT. Further studies are needed to establish a better therapeutic strategy for patients with poor response to half-dose vPDT.

NiFe double hydroxide coated on sulfur-modified NiMoO4 nanorods exhibited both enhanced electrocatalytic activity and excellent long-term stability for the OER.

Dual nonfullerene acceptors Y6:FINIC with 3D charge transport features are used to fabricate sequential-process heterojunction (SHJ) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells, and the SHJ outperforms the BHJ.

The reaction of μ3-CCF Dy2TiC@Ih-C80 with AdN2 affords only one [6,6]-open monoadduct along with the addition sites adjacent to the Ti4+ ion instead of the two Dy3+ ions, revealing the decisive role of the non-rare earth metal Ti(IV).

An unprecedented C1(31876)-C80 cage, stabilized by Lu2O encapsulation, is a key point in the transformation map of oxide cluster fullerenes, filling the missing link in the interconversion process.

A room-temperature electrochemical strategy for hydrogenation (deuteration) and reverse dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles over a bifunctional MoNi4 electrode is developed, which includes the hydrogenation of quinoxaline using H2O as the hydrogen source with 80% Faradaic efficiency and the reverse dehydrogenation of hydrogen-rich 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline with up to 99% yield and selectivity. The in situ generated active hydrogen atom (H*) is plausibly involved in the hydrogenation of quinoxaline, where a consecutive hydrogen radical coupled electron transfer pathway is proposed. Notably, the MoNi4 alloy exhibits efficient quinoxaline hydrogenation at an overpotential of only 50 mV, owing to its superior water dissociation ability to provide H* in alkaline media. In situ Raman tests indicate that the NiII/NiIII redox couple can promote the dehydrogenation process, representing a promising anodic alternative to low-value oxygen evolution. Impressively, electrocatalytic deuteration is easily achieved with up to 99% deuteration ratios using D2O. This method is capable of producing a series of functionalized hydrogenated and deuterated quinoxalines.

Superelectrophilic monoanions [B12 (BO)11 ]- and [B12 (OBO)11 ]- , generated from stable dianions [B12 (BO)12 ]2- and [B12 (OBO)12 ]2- , show great potential for binding with noble gases (Ngs). The binding energies, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), natural population analysis (NPA), energy decomposition analysis (EDA), and electron localization function (ELF) were carried out to understand the B-Ng bond in [B12 (BO)11 Ng]- and [B12 (OBO)11 Ng]- . The calculated results reveal that heavier noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) bind covalently with both [B12 (BO)11 ]- and [B12 (OBO)11 ]- with large binding energies, making them potentially feasible to be synthesized. Only [B12 (OBO)11 ]- could form a covalent bond with helium or neon but the small binding energy of [B12 (OBO)11 He]- may pose a challenge for its experimental detection.

Background: Myocardial cell death is the hallmark of myocardial infarction. In the process of myocardial injury, platelets contribute to the pathogenesis by triggering intense inflammatory responses. Yet, it is still unclear if platelets regulate cardiomyocyte death directly, thereby exacerbating myocardial injury in myocardial infarction. Methods: We describe a mechanism underlying the correlative association between platelets accumulation and myocardial cell death by using myocardial infarction mouse model and patient specimens. Results: Myocardial infarction induces platelets internalization, resulting in the release of miR-223-3p, a platelet-enriched miRNA. By targeting the ACSL3, miR-223-3p delivered by internalized platelets cause the reduction of stearic acid-phosphatidylcholine in cardiomyocytes. The presence of stearic acid-phosphatidylcholine protects cardiomyocytes against ferroptosis. Conclusions: Our work reveals a novel mechanism of platelet-mediated myocardial injury, highlighting antiplatelet therapies could potentially represent a multimechanism treatment of myocardial infarction, and implying ferroptosis being considered as novel target for therapeutics.

The remaining p orbitals of carbon atoms form some conjugated systems, such as fullerenes. The non-parallel p orbitals of fullerene conjugated systems dominate their stability. In this work, a model is proposed with a good correlation between model outputs and relative energies of fullerenes. The model is built from the extended Hückel molecular orbital theory and geometrical features, especially the orbital axial angle characteristics. The extended charge stability index (XCSI) proposed in this paper offers a good representation of the stability from small cage to at least C

Mitochondria are the energy production center in cells, which regulate aerobic metabolism, calcium balance, gene expression and cell death. Their homeostasis is crucial for cell viability. Although mitochondria own a nucleus-independent and self-replicating genome, most of the proteins, which fulfill mitochondrial functions and mitochondrial quality control, are encoded by the nuclear genome and are imported into mitochondria. Hence, the regulation of mitochondrial protein expression and translocation is considered essential for mitochondrial homeostasis. By means of high-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, non-coding RNAs localized in mitochondria have been generally identified. They are either generated from the mitochondrial genome or the nuclear genome. The mitochondrial non-coding RNAs can directly interact with mitochondrial DNAs or transcripts to affect gene expression. They can also bind nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial proteins to regulate their mitochondrial import, protein level and combination. Generally, mitochondrial non-coding RNAs act as regulators for mitochondrial processes including oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism. In this review, we would like to introduce the latest research progressions regarding mitochondrial non-coding RNAs and summarize their identification, biogenesis, translocation, molecular mechanism and function.

Reducing inter-spin distance can enable effective magnetic interactions to realize outstanding magnetic properties, which, however, remains rather challenging. Here, an unprecedented 3d-4f metal cluster (Dy2VN) was constructed inside a C80 cage, affording a heretofore unseen metallofullerene containing both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metal ions. Significantly suppressed 3d-4f (Dy-V) distances, due to the unique cage confinement effect, are directly recorded by crystallographic and theoretical analysis of Dy2VN@Ih(7)-C80. Consequently, superior magnetic coupling (Jtotal, Dy-V = 53.30 cm-1; Jtotal, Dy-Dy = -18.75 cm-1) is obtained, leading to a record-high magnetic blocking temperature among all reported 3d-4f single-molecule magnets and huge coercive field of 2.73 Tesla. Our work puts forth a new class of single-molecule magnets with both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metals confined in a fullerene cage, of which superior and tunable magnetic properties are envisioned thanks to the unique cage confinement effect and the diverse composition of the entrapped magnetic core.

With the rapid development of mobile robot, the premise of all decisions and planning is to perceive the surrounding environment, especially in complex environments such as wild and mountainous areas. The mainstream Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm Lightweight and Ground-Optimized Lidar Odometry and Mapping (LeGO-LOAM) can be well adapted to this complex environment, but it does not take into account the motion compensation of the point cloud, which leads to a decrease in perception accuracy. LeGO-LOAM adopts the way of feature point and feature point matching for posture estimation. Due to the vertical launch angle of every scanning laser radar being fixed, the radar motion will lead to distortion between the matching feature points, which can cause incorrect pose estimation. Therefore, based on LeGO-LOAM, this paper proposes a motion compensation algorithm (LeGO-LOAM-MC). Compared with the current mainstream of laser slam algorithm LeGO-LOAM, the result shows LeGO-LOAM-MC has a smoother mapping effect, smaller path drift, the maximum error is reduced by 29.1%, the mean error is reduced by 31.0%, the median error is reduced by 31.3%, the standard deviation is reduced by 37.0%, the root mean square error is reduced by 32.1%, and the sum of squares due to error is reduced by 53.9%. The experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.

In order to realize the real-time simulation of regional integrated energy system, a multi-energy flow collaborative real-time simulation technology based on message bus is proposed, and the real-time simulation platform established on this basis realizes the real-time simulation of electrical and thermal systems. By using the co-simulator composed of message-oriented middleware and adapter to coordinate multiple simulators to complete the real-time simulation of the system in the loop, the message bus uses the open source ZeroMQ; it provides a unified message subscription and message publishing mechanism for all real-time simulators. Adapters are used to connect a variety of heterogeneous emulators, such as RT-LAB, TRNSYS, etc., to messaging middleware. Adopting message-oriented middleware and adapter scheme, it has the characteristics of open and extensible. The simulation system developed in this paper can be used in the real time simulation of distribution integrated energy system to realize the interaction between energy flow and information flow.

In contrast to classical bulk heterojunction (BHJ) in organic solar cells (OSCs), the quasi-homojunction (QHJ) with extremely low donor content (≤10 wt.%) is unusual and generally yields much lower device efficiency. Here, representative polymer donors and nonfullerene acceptors are selected to fabricate QHJ OSCs, and a complete picture for the operation mechanisms of high-efficiency QHJ devices is illustrated. PTB7-Th:Y6 QHJ devices at donor:acceptor (D:A) ratios of 1:8 or 1:20 can achieve 95% or 64% of the efficiency obtained from its BHJ counterpart at the optimal D:A ratio of 1:1.2, respectively, whereas QHJ devices with other donors or acceptors suffer from rapid roll-off of efficiency when the donors are diluted. Through device physics and photophysics analyses, it is observed that a large portion of free charges can be intrinsically generated in the neat Y6 domains rather than at the D/A interface. Y6 also serves as an ambipolar transport channel, so that hole transport as also mainly through Y6 phase. The key role of PTB7-Th is primarily to reduce charge recombination, likely assisted by enhancing quadrupolar fields within Y6 itself, rather than the previously thought principal roles of light absorption, exciton splitting, and hole transport.

Room temperature and selective hydrogenation of quinolines to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines using a safe and clean hydrogen donor catalyzed by cost-effective materials is significant yet challenging because of the difficult activation of quinolines and H2. Here, a fluorine-modified cobalt catalyst is synthesized via electroreduction of a Co(OH)F precursor that exhibits high activity for electrocatalytic hydrogenation of quinolines by using H2O as the hydrogen source to produce 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with up to 99% selectivity and 94% isolated yield under ambient conditions. Fluorine surface-sites are shown to enhance the adsorption of quinolines and promote water activation to produce active atomic hydrogen (H*) by forming F−-K+(H2O)7 networks. A 1,4/2,3-addition pathway involving H* is proposed through combining experimental and theoretical results. Wide substrate scopes, scalable synthesis of bioactive precursors, facile preparation of deuterated analogues, and the paired synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and industrially important adiponitrile at a low voltage highlight the promising applications of this methodology.

Current research suggests that cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy; however, the details of this relationship are insufficiently understood. The present study investigated the effects of elevated glucose on Cd-induced toxicity to glomerular cells using in vitro and in vivo models, and it demonstrated that Cd exposure and the hyperglycemia of diabetes acting together increased the risk of developing glomerular nephrosis . In vitro, human podocytes were exposed to a DMEM low-glucose media without (control), or with Cd (as CdCl2), or a high-glucose media plus Cd. The CCK-8, ROS, apoptosis, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) assays showed that human podocytes exposed to Cd in a high-glucose media had greater degrees of injury compared with cells treated with Cd at low (euglycemic)-glucose levels. In vivo, diabetic hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to which either CdCl2 or saline (control) was intraperitoneally injected twice weekly for 24 weeks. Compared with euglycemic saline-treated controls, the diabetic mice exposed to Cd demonstrated decreased body weight and increased blood urea nitrogen levels along with histopathological renal architecture changes including collagen fiber accumulation. The results of this study supported the hypothesis that hyperglycemia plus Cd exposure increases the risk of damage to glomerular podocytes compared with Cd exposure in euglycemia.

Recently, one η1-coordinated complex of endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) Y@C2v(9)-C82[Re(CO)5] has been synthesized and characterized with a highly efficient radical-coupling methodology by performing a photochemical reaction between Y@C2v(9)-C82 and [Re(CO)5]2 complexes. Theoretical investigations with the density functional theory reveal that this complex is stabilized by an ionic C-Re bond. The reactions of M@C2v(9)-C82 (M = Sc, Y, La) with [Re(CO)5]2 suggest that the reaction energies differ little because of similar single occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) of M@C2v(9)-C82. In the reactions of Y@C2v(9)-C82 with various transition-metal complexes [M'Ln]2 (M' = Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir), the C-M' bonds with Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, and Os can stably exist, whereas those with Co, Rh, and Ir are unstable. Further analyses disclose that, in each element group, the stability of the C-M' bond is mainly determined by the bond energy of the M'-M' bond, which is related to the dσ orbital of the M'Ln species. Moreover, the very-low-energy dσ orbitals and large geometrical distortions of M'(CO)4 (M' = Co, Rh, Ir) lead to poor stabilities of the C-M' (M' = Co, Rh, Ir) bonds. As comparison, the reactions of Y@Cs(6)-C82 and La@C72 have been investigated. The Y@Cs(6)-C82 structure is more reactive toward the [M'Ln]2 complexes than Y@C2v(9)-C82 thanks to a lower SOMO of Y@Cs(6)-C82 than that of Y@C2v(9)-C82, which derives from position change of the Y atom in Cs(6)-C82 during the reactions. However, the formation of [Y@Cs(6)-C82]2 suppresses the formation of several C-M' bonds. The reactivity of La@C72 is weak due to a high LUMO+1 of C72, which leads to a high SOMO of La@C72. We believe that this theoretical study provides primary principles of radical-coupling reactions of EMFs and will be valuable for future research of organometallic complexes of fullerene.

Conductive ionenes were synthesized by integrating the electron donor dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) with the electron acceptor naphthalene diimide (NDI) using the Menshutkin reaction. The crystallinity and morphology of the films of these polymers can be optimized by varying the DAN-to-NDI ratio. These ionenes show strong charge transfer from DAN to NDI, though absent conjugated backbones, affording self-doping polymers with enhanced π-π interactions and excellent electronic properties. This is the first example where an electron donor can dope the electron acceptor in nonconjugated polymers, opening a new avenue for designing efficient interlayer materials. These ionenes markedly modify the electrode interface and promote efficient interfacial self-doping to boost the performance of fullerene-based, non-fullerene-based, and ternary organic solar cells, affording high power conversion efficiencies over a wide range of interlayer thicknesses, from ∼8 to ∼40 nm, with a maximum efficiency of 17.05%.