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To address the problem that single-channel neural networks cannot fully extract text semantic features in traditional user portrait construction methods, this paper proposes a dual-channel user portrait model based on DPCNN-BIGRU and attention mechanism. The model first uses Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(Bert) and CK-means+ to obtain the fusion vector of semantic features and topic features, and then feeds the vector into Deep Pyramid Convolutional Neural Networks (DPCNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU). Deep features and global features of the text are obtained simultaneously, and then weights are assigned by the attention mechanism. Finally, the output features of the dual channels are fused and classified. It is tested on the Sogou user portrait datasets, and the experimental results prove that the dual-channel model outperforms the baseline model.

Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been proved to generate strong local photothermal effects in a PEC water splitting system.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important component of the global climate system, while the characteristics of its climate is poorly represented in most regional climate models at coarse resolutions. In this study, a 20-year (2000-2019) dynamical downscaling simulation at the gray-zone resolution (9 km) using the WRF model driven by the ERA5 reanalysis is conducted over the TP. Based on comparison against in-situ observations and the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) version 6 satellite precipitation product, the assessment of basic climate variables, such as near-surface air temperature (T2m) and precipitation, is performed to evaluate model’s performance and understand its added value better. Results show that both WRF and ERA5 can successfully reproduce the spatial patterns of annual mean and seasonal mean surface air temperature. However, significant cold and wet biases are found especially over the southeastern TP in ERA5, which are greatly improved in WRF with reduced RMSEs. Not only the climatological characteristics, but also the inter-annual variability and seasonal variation of T2m and precipitation are well captured by WRF which reduces the cold and wet biases especially in winter and summer compared to ERA5, respectively. Besides, at daily scale, the overestimation of precipitation in WRF and ERA5 is mainly caused by the overestimated precipitation frequency when precipitation intensity changed slightly. Furthermore, WRF outperforms ERA5 in capturing the diurnal variation of precipitation with more realistic peak time in all sub-regions over the TP. Further investigation into the mechanism of model bias reveals that less simulated snow cover fraction plays a crucial role in increasing the surface net energy by affecting surface albedo over the southeastern TP in WRF, leading to higher T2m. In addition, less water vapor transport from the southern boundary of TP leads to reduced wet bias in WRF, indicating that the added value in dynamical downscaling at gray-zone resolution is obtained by representing water vapor transport more realistically.

The design of satisfied catalytic activity and stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial in the production of hydrogen in electrolyzed water. Herein, S-doping NiCo-metal organic framework (NiCoS-MOF) were prepared successfully in situ on a nickel foamed (NF) substrate by used terephthalic acid (TPA) as an organic ligand via the original one-step solvothermal process, NiCoS-MOF reveals the electrocatalytic performance by the low overpotential of 71 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and the tafel slope of 74.4 mV dec−1 under alkaline condition (1 M KOH) served as OER electrodes directly. The i-t curve for 48 h at 1.50 and 2.14 V (vs.REH) showed excellent stability of NiCoS-MOF and the structure had no significant collapse after 1000 cycles. Superior OER activity and excellent stability could ascribed to the fluffy and orderly petal-like structure, which exhibited dispersal of the active sites and facilitated the evolution of oxygen during the catalysis process. The work enriched exploration of heteroatom-doped bimetallic MOFs in energy storage and conversion.

Most land plant species have the ability to establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These fungi penetrate into root cortical cells and form branched structures (known as arbuscules) for nutrient exchange. We cloned the MdIAA24 from apple (Malus domestica) following its up-regulation during AM symbiosis. Results demonstrate the positive impact of the overexpression (OE) of MdIAA24 in apple on AM colonization. We observed the strigolactone (SL) synthesis genes, including MdD27, MdCCD7, MdCCD8a, MdCCD8b and MdMAXa, to be up-regulated in the OE lines. Thus, the OE lines exhibited both a higher SL content and colonization rate. Furthermore, we observed that the OE lines were able to maintain better growth parameters under AM inoculation conditions. Under drought stress with the AM inoculation, the OE lines were less damaged, which was demonstrated by a higher relative water content, a lower relative electrolytic leakage, a greater osmotic adjustment, a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, an improved gas exchange capacity and an increased chlorophyll fluorescence performance. Our findings demonstrate that the OE of MdIAA24 in apple positively regulates the synthesis of SL and the formation of arbuscules as a drought stress coping mechanism.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants and play an important role in plant growth and adaptation to various stresses. To study the role of AMF in regulating drought resistance in apple, the effects of drought stress on Malus hupehensis inoculated with AMF were investigated. Inoculation of AMF enhanced apple plants growth. Mycorrhizal plants had higher total chlorophyll concentrations but lower relative electrolyte leakage under drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants increased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate under drought stress, however, they showed lower inhibition in the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Mycorrhizal plants also had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities under drought conditions. Thus, mycorrhizal plants had lower accumulated MDA, H2O2, and O2- than non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Total sugar and proline concentrations also significantly increased, helping maintain the osmotic balance. Furthermore, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which participate in the regulation of responses of plants and microorganisms to biotic and abiotic stress, were up-regulated in apple plants and AMF during drought. We saw that there were at least two motifs that were identical in MAPK proteins and many elements that responded to hormones and stress from these MAPK genes. In summary, our results showed that mycorrhizal colonization enhanced apple drought tolerance by improving gas exchange capacity, increasing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, creating a greater osmotic adjustment capacity, increasing scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and using MAPK signals for interactions between AMF and their apple plant hosts.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often referred to as ‘the Third Pole’ and plays an essential role in influencing the global climate. However, it remains challenging for most global and regional models to realistically simulate the characteristics of long-period climate over the TP. In this study, two Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) experiments using the regional climate simulation method of spectral nudging with gray-zone (GZ9) and convection-permitting (CP3) resolution are conducted for summer from 2009 to 2018. The surface air temperature (T2m) and precipitation from the two simulations and the global reanalysis ERA5 are evaluated against in-situ observations. The results show that ERA5 has a general cold bias over southern TP, especially in maximum T2m (Tmax), and wet bias over whole TP. Both experiments can successfully capture the spatial pattern and daily variation of T2m and precipitation, though cold bias for temperature and dry bias for precipitation exist especially over the regions south of 35°N. Compared with ERA5, the added value of the two WRF experiments is mainly reflected in the reduced cold bias especially for Tmax with more improvement found in CP3 and the reduced wet bias. However, the ability of WRF experiments in significantly improving the simulation of precipitation seems limited, which may be related to physical parameterization and lack of representativeness of station observation. Further investigation into surface radiation budget reveals that the underestimation of surface net radiation contributes a lot to the cold bias of T2m over the eastern TP in GZ9 while is improved in CP3 due to more downward solar radiation. Compared with GZ9, CP3 shows larger specific humidity at low-level (mid-high level) coexists with more precipitation (clouds) over the southern TP. This improvement is achieved by better depiction of topographic details and stronger northward water vapor transport (WVT) in CP3, providing more water vapor for precipitation at surface and much wetter condition in the mid-high level.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often referred to as ‘the Third Pole’ and plays an essential role in influencing the global climate. However, it remains challenging for most global and regional models to realistically simulate the characteristics of long-period climate over the TP. In this study, two Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) experiments using the regional climate simulation method of spectral nudging with gray-zone (GZ9) and convection-permitting (CP3) resolution are conducted for summer from 2009 to 2019. The surface air temperature (T2m) and precipitation are evaluated against in-situ observations and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) dataset. The results show that both experiments can successfully capture the spatial pattern and daily variation of T2m and precipitation, though cold bias for temperature and dry bias for precipitation exist especially over the regions south of 35ºN. Compared to GZ9, CP3 reduces the cold and dry bias over the southern TP. In addition, analysis of the diurnal variation of precipitation shows that both experiments simulate the advanced occurrence time of maximum precipitation by about 3 hours over the eastern TP but postpone the occurrence time of maximum precipitation over the central and western TP. Both experiments simulate a bimodal structure of the diurnal cycle of precipitation amount (PA). Further investigation reveals that GZ9 has more low-level clouds and prevents shortwave radiation from reaching the surface during daytime, leading to lower maximum surface air temperature (Tmax) in GZ9, while CP3 has more low-level clouds over the southeastern TP and preventing the outgoing longwave radiation and compensating the heat loss during nighttime, resulting in higher minimum surface air temperature (Tmin) in CP3. Besides, more water vapor over the southeastern TP results in more precipitation and thus reduced dry bias in CP3 over the southeastern TP. Moreover, the current study also indicates that gray-zone scale simulations can perform as good as convection-permitting simulations by carefully choosing the right parameterization schemes.

Two regional climate simulation experiments (spectral nudging and re-initialization) at convection-permitting scale are conducted using the WRF model driven by the 4th generation Global Reanalysis data (ERA5) from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The surface air temperature (T2m) and the precipitation in summer during 2016–2018 are evaluated against the in-situ station observations and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) dataset. The results show that both experiments as well as ERA5 can successfully capture the spatial distribution and the daily variation of T2m and precipitation, with reasonable cold bias for temperature and dry bias for precipitation when compared with the station observations. In addition, the diurnal cycle of precipitation is investigated, indicating that both experiments tend to simulate the afternoon precipitation peak in advance and postpone the night precipitation peak. The precipitation bias is reduced by using the spectral nudging technique, especially at night and early morning. Both WRF experiments outperform ERA5 in reproducing the diurnal cycle of precipitation amount. Possible causes for the differences between the two experiments are also analyzed. In the re-initialization experiment, the daytime net shortwave radiation contributes a lot to the cold biases of Tmax, and the stronger vertically integrated moisture flux convergence leads to more precipitation compared with the spectral nudging experiment over the central and southeastern TP. These results can provide valuable guidance for further fine-scale simulation studies over the TP.

NiCr amorphous alloy coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering at different sputtering current for corrosion resistance. X-ray diffraction performed that the coating was constituted of nearly...

Drought leads to reductions in plant growth and crop yields. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form symbioses with the roots of the most important crop species, alleviate drought stress in plants. In the present work, we identified 14 GH3 genes in apple (Malus domestica) and provided evidence that MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 play important roles during AM symbiosis. The expression of both MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 was upregulated during mycorrhization, and the silencing of MdGH3-2/12 had a negative impact on AM colonization. MdGH3-2/12 silencing resulted in the downregulation of five genes involved in strigolactone synthesis, and there was a corresponding change in root strigolactone content. Furthermore, we observed lower root dry weights in RNAi lines under AM inoculation conditions. Mycorrhizal transgenic plants showed greater sensitivity to drought stress than WT, as indicated by their higher relative electrolytic leakage and lower relative water contents, osmotic adjustment ability, ROS scavenging ability, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence values, and abscisic acid contents. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MdGH3-2/12 plays an important role in AM symbiosis and drought stress tolerance in apple.

Background Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common and serious microvascular complication in the diabetic population. Using computer-aided diagnosis from the fundus images has become a method of detecting retinal diseases, but the detection of multiple lesions is still a difficult point in current research. Methods This study proposed a multi-label classification method based on the graph convolutional network (GCN), so as to detect 8 types of fundus lesions in color fundus images. We collected 7459 fundus images (1887 left eyes, 1966 right eyes) from 2282 patients (1283 women, 999 men), and labeled 8 types of lesions, laser scars, drusen, cup disc ratio ($$C/D>0.6$$ C / D > 0.6 ), hemorrhages, retinal arteriosclerosis, microaneurysms, hard exudates and soft exudates. We constructed a specialized corpus of the related fundus lesions. A multi-label classification algorithm for fundus images was proposed based on the corpus, and the collected data were trained. Results The average overall F1 Score (OF1) and the average per-class F1 Score (CF1) of the model were 0.808 and 0.792 respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of our proposed model reached 0.986, 0.954, 0.946, 0.957, 0.952, 0.889, 0.937 and 0.926 for detecting laser scars, drusen, cup disc ratio, hemorrhages, retinal arteriosclerosis, microaneurysms, hard exudates and soft exudates, respectively. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that our proposed model can detect a variety of lesions in the color images of the fundus, which lays a foundation for assisting doctors in diagnosis and makes it possible to carry out rapid and efficient large-scale screening of fundus lesions.

Background: Follicular atresia is an inevitable degenerative process of ovarian follicles in mammals. The molecular events involved in atresia, particularly in granulosa cell apoptosis, have always attracted researchers’ attention. It is known that VEGFA isdownregulated during follicular atresia in pig ovaries and serves as an apoptosis inhibitor of granulosa cells. Besides, the TGF-β signalling has been considered as a central trigger in granulosa cell apoptosis. However, the link between TGF-β signalling and VEGFA is missing.Results:We proved that miR-361-5p significantly up-regulated during the atresia process andenhances GC apoptosis by direct targeting to VEGFA 3’UTR. In addition,we revealed that miR-361-5p coding geneMIR361was significant downregulation bySMAD4, the central intracellular mediator of TGF-β signalling,through promoter binding.Conclusions: Our findingsenriched the knowledge of VEGFA post-transcriptional regulation and completed the TGF-β/miR-361-5p/VEGFAregulatory networkin ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. It offereduseful references for follicular atresia and ovarian physiological function studies.

Dopamine is produced in plants and plays a vital role in improving plant responses to abiotic stress. Tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) synthesizes tyramine from tyrosine, thereby providing the substrate for dopamine production. However, the function of TYDC in response to drought stress in apple plants remains unclear. In this study, transgenic apple plants that overexpressed MdTYDC were exposed to drought, in order to explore the biological function of TYDC in drought stress. Overexpression of MdTYDC significantly increased apple dopamine content. Transgenic apple plants that overexpressed MdTYDC exhibited less electrolyte leakage, a lower water loss rate, higher photosynthetic pigment contents, and enhanced photosynthetic performance under drought conditions. MdTYDC overexpression also improved reducing power by increasing the ratios of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate and reduced to oxidized glutathione. It influenced leaf water retention capacity and stomatal movement by modulating cellular abscisic acid (ABA) levels and ABA sensitivity. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that MdTYDC overexpression enhanced drought tolerance by regulating the expression of ABA- and drought-related transcription factors, including those from the NAC, ERF, and WRKY families. These results provide evidence for the involvement of MdTYDC and dopamine in enhancing the drought tolerance of apple plants.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plant roots, promote plant growth, and heavy metal (HM) tolerance and thus plays a crucial role in phytoremediation. However, research on the relationship between colonization level and HM tolerance is limited. In this study, apple (Malus domestica) Gretchen Hagen3 genes MdGH3-2/12 silencing plants were treated with four AMF and Cd combination treatments to determine AMF colonization levels, biomass, Cd accumulation, photosynthesis, fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant substance accumulation, and Cd uptake, transport and detoxification gene expression levels. Results indicate the greater sensitivity of transgenic plants under AMF inoculation and Cd treatment compared with wild type (WT) via lower AMF colonization levels, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, and the accumulation and clearance homeostasis of ROS, as well as lower detoxification expression levels and higher Cd uptake and transport expression levels. Our study essentially demonstrates that MdGH3-2/12 plays an important role in Cd stress tolerance by regulating AM colonization in apple.

Follicular atresia is an inevitable degenerative process that occurs in mammalian ovarian follicles. The molecular events involved in atresia, particularly granulosa cell apoptosis, have long attracted researchers&rsquo, attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is downregulated during follicular atresia in porcine ovaries and serves as an inhibitor of apoptosis in granulosa cells. In addition, transforming growth factor (TGF)-&beta, signaling has been considered a central trigger in granulosa cell apoptosis. However, the link between TGF-&beta, signaling and VEGFA is unknown. We proved that miR-361-5p is significantly upregulated during the atresia process and that it promotes GC apoptosis by directly targeting the VEGFA 3&prime, UTR. In addition, we revealed that the miR-361-5p coding gene MIR361 was significantly downregulated by SMAD4, the central intracellular mediator of TGF-&beta, signaling, that bound to the MIR361 promoter. In conclusion, our findings expanded what is known about VEGFA posttranscriptional regulation and revealed a complete SMAD4/miR-361-5p/VEGFA regulatory network in ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. These data provide useful references for follicular atresia and ovarian physiological function studies.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have the potential to produce reactive oxygen species and can be transferred from the mother to the fetal brain. The central nervous system exhibits remarkable plasticity in early life and can be altered significantly by environmental stressors encountered during fetal period. Additionally, prenatal stressors are involved with emotional problems in adulthood. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate whether prenatal exposure to TiO2 NPs could induce oxidative damage in the offspring brain and eventually affect the emotional behaviors in adulthood. The results showed that prenatal exposure to TiO2 NPs impaired the antioxidant status, caused a significant oxidative damage to nucleic acids and lipids in the brain of newborn pups, and enhanced the depressive-like behaviors during adulthood in the force swimming test and the sucrose preference test. These results suggest that the stress during fetal life induced by prenatal exposure to TiO2 NPs could be implicated in depressive-like behaviors in adulthood.

Based on theoretical analysis of acoustic structure, the corresponding acoustic model of the pulse-jet engine was established. Pertinence measurement and near-field measurement were set up to test the noise. It was shown that the exhaust noise was the main noise-composition, secondly the intake noise. The combustion noise was much weaker. Simultaneously, the exhaust noise and intake noise had the one-way directivity property, namely that the noise intensity of exhaust noise, along the axial direction of exhaust tube, and the intake noise, along the axial direction of carburetor intake valve, were the highest. The noise intensity got weakened when the axial direction was offset. The more deflection angle, the more weakened. Especially it was outstanding on exhaust outlet. It was beneficial for the further study of low-noise pulse-jet engine.