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We have elaborately prepared perovskite-based heterojunctions to achieve high-efficiency photocatalytic CH4 transformation to oxygenates under mild conditions.

A sensitive and rapid method using HPLC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of eight glucocorticoids residues in chicken muscle simultaneously by Turbo Flow. The eight glucocorticoids were prednisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclomethasone and fludrocortisones. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and on-line cleaned up through a Turbo Flow solid-phase extraction column without time-consuming pretreatment before HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Sample pretreatment conditions, Turbo Flow conditions and mass spectral parameters were optimized and obtained eight glucocorticoids calibration curves. These curves showed good linearity over the concentration from 0.2 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg with an average recovery from 71.63% to 117.36%. This method could be applied on real samples and provided simple, rapid, sensitive and highly selective analysis, which made it feasible to be adopted in food inspection organizations or carry out quantitative analysis for other banned substance.

Excellent optical properties involving strong visible light response and superior carrier transport endow metal halide perovskites (MHP) with a fascinating prospect in the field of photocatalysis. Nevertheless, the poor stability of MHP nanocrystals (NCs) in water-containing system, especially without the protection of long alkyl chain ligands, severely restricts their photocatalytic performance. In this context, we report an effortless strategy for the generation of ligand-free MHP NCs based photocatalyst with high water tolerance, by coating PbI2 on the surface of ligand-free formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) NCs via the facile procedure of in-situ conversion with the aid of ZnI2. Under the protection of PbI2 layer, the resultant FAPbBr3/PbI2 composite exhibits significantly ameliorated stability in an artificial photosynthesis system with CO2 and H2O vapor as feedstocks. Moreover, the formation of compact PbI2 layer can accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers in FAPbBr3 NCs, bringing forth a remarkable improvement of CO2 photoreduction efficiency with an impressive electron consumption yield of 2053 µmol/g in the absence of organic sacrificial agents, which is 7-fold over that of pristine FAPbBr3 NCs.

In order to meet people’s diverse, complex, and changeable living requirements and aesthetic requirements, it is necessary to rationalize the design of indoor three-dimensional space. The optimization of the indoor environmental space layout is affected by the energy consumption and rationality of functional areas, resulting in indoor environmental space The performance of the layout optimization system deteriorates. In order to improve the performance of the indoor environment spatial layout and meet the living needs of more people, this paper proposes an optimal design of a spatial layout based on multi-intelligence decision-making. The research results of the article show that (1) the average confidence and the average recognition time of logo set B are both smaller than those of logo set A , indicating that logo set B is easier to be recognized by users in the same commercial building environment and can be more quickly recognized. In terms of discrimination, the time used to correct the misrecognition of identification set B is shorter than that of identification set A , which means that the different types of identifications in identification set B are easier to distinguish. (2) The spatial positioning algorithm proposed in this paper has good reliability and practicability, high positioning accuracy, and small error for indoor spatial coordinate positioning. Compared with the traditional method, the projection method of this paper has a significantly smaller error, and the maximum error is only 0.272, which makes the indoor space design more rational. (3) Comparing the energy consumption coefficients of the three spatial layout optimization systems, it can be seen that the indoor environmental spatial layout optimization system based on multi-intelligence decision-making has the lowest energy consumption when optimizing the indoor environmental spatial layout, because the system is in the design process. The indoor environment space layout model is designed, which effectively reduces the energy consumption of the indoor environment space layout optimization. When the indoor environment space layout optimization system based on multi-intelligence decision-making is used to optimize the indoor environment space layout, the average optimization accuracy is 98.32%, while the average indoor environment space layout optimization accuracy of the space layout optimization system with curved shading space layout optimization is 42.2% %, the layout optimization of binocular stereo vision space. When optimizing the indoor space layout, the average optimization accuracy is 70.87%.

ABSTACT In-plane anisotropy (IPA) due to asymmetry in lattice structures provides an additional parameter for the precise tuning of characteristic polarization-dependent properties in two-dimensional (2D) materials, but the narrow range within which such method can modulate properties hinders significant development of related devices. Herein we present a novel periodic phase engineering strategy that can remarkably enhance the intrinsic IPA obtainable from minor variations in asymmetric structures. By introducing alternant monoclinic and rutile phases in 2D VO2 single crystals through the regulation of interfacial thermal strain, the IPA in electrical conductivity can be reversibly modulated in a range spanning two orders of magnitude, reaching an unprecedented IPA of 113. Such an intriguing local phase engineering in 2D materials can be well depicted and predicted by a theoretical model consisting of phase transformation, thermal expansion, and friction force at the interface, creating a framework applicable to other 2D materials. Ultimately, the considerable adjustability and reversibility of the presented strategy provide opportunities for future polarization-dependent photoelectric and optoelectronic devices.

Additional file 5: Table S2. The diagnostic capacities of the three different scoring methods for ICP

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231170037 for Potential role of plasma branched-chain amino acids in the differential diagnosis of acute cerebral venous thrombosis by Huimin Jiang, Chen Zhou, Huimin Wei, Yan Wu, Yifan Zhou, Xuechun Xiao, Lu Liu, Ming Li, Jiangang Duan, Ran Meng and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Additional file 1: Table S1. Self-inspection results of STROBE-MR checklist of recommended items to address in reports of Mendelian randomization studies. Table S2. Self-inspection results of critical appraisal checklist proposed by Davies et al. for evaluating Mendelian randomization studies. Table S3. The MR results of causal links between gut microbiome and smoking phenotypes by using IVW method under two instrumental variable selection thresholds. Figure S1. Overview of the analytical plan and main findings. Figure S2. Scatter plot of associations between genetic variants and Actinobacteria[p] versus between genetic variants and Cigarettes Per Day. The slope of each line represents the causal effect estimate using the corresponding MR analysis model, and the intercept can be interpreted as an estimate of the average horizontal pleiotropic effect across the genetic variants. Figure S3. Forest plot of individual SNP estimates and summary estimates for the causal associations between Actinobacteria[p] abundance and Cigarettes Per Day. Figure S4. Leave-one-out plot to assess if a single SNP drives the causal association between Actinobacteria[p] abundance and Cigarettes Per Day. Figure S5. Funnel plot of MR estimation for the causal association between Actinobacteria[p] abundance and Cigarettes Per Day.

Additional file 4: Table S1. A designed record form to calculate CVST-Score.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231170037 for Potential role of plasma branched-chain amino acids in the differential diagnosis of acute cerebral venous thrombosis by Huimin Jiang, Chen Zhou, Huimin Wei, Yan Wu, Yifan Zhou, Xuechun Xiao, Lu Liu, Ming Li, Jiangang Duan, Ran Meng and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Based on theoretical calculations, ether-linked porous organic framework poly (bisphenol A-alt-1,3,5-triazine) materials (POFBMs) were synthesized by a William ether reaction of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3...

The chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Artocarpus incisus were isolated and purified via silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography as well as preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were identified in the light of their physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analyses, and comparisons of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. As a result, 20 compounds were isolated and characterized from the 90% ethanol extract of the branches and leaves of A. incisus, which were identified as tephrosin(1), 6-hydroxy-6 a, 12 a-dehydrodeguelin(2), sarcolobin(3), lupiwighteone(4), 12-deoxo-12α-methoxyelliptone(5), 6 aα,12 aα-12 a-hydroxyelliptone(6), homopterocarpin(7), 3-hydroxy-8,9-dimethoxypterocarpan(8), pterocarpin(9), maackiain(10), medicarpin(11), calycosin(12), genistein(13), formononetin(14), 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy isoflavone(15), liquiritigenin(16), 4(15)-eudesmene-1β,7α-diol(17), ent-4(15)-eudesmene-1β,6α-diol(18), 1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al(19), and guaianediol(20). Except compounds 13 and 16, all other compounds were isolated from the Artocarpus plants for the first time. Additionally, using MTS assay, compounds 1-20 were eva-luated for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities by measuring their anti-proliferative effects on synoviocytes in vitro. As a consequence, compounds 1-16 showed notable anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, which displayed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MH7 A synovial fibroblast cells, with the IC_(50) values in range of(9.86±0.09)-(218.07±1.96) μmol·L~(-1).

Recent studies indicated that regulatory B cells (Bregs) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant signaling pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Mangiferin (MA), a polyphenol compound, has been reported to activate Nrf2/antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of MA on Bregs and Nrf2 antioxidant signaling in murine splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) in vitro. Our results revealed that MA could increase the Bregs level in murine splenic MNCs. Moreover, MA up-regulated the expression of Bregs-associated immunosuppressive factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) by activating the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in murine splenic MNCs. Meanwhile, MA inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and interferon-γ (INF-γ) at both mRNA and protein levels. MA also enhanced the transcription and protein expression of Nrf2 and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), whereas decreased that of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in murine splenic MNCs. Moreover, MA promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of murine splenic MNCs. These results suggested that MA exerts immunosuppressive effects by upregulating the Bregs level, activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and inhibiting the expression of pro-immunoinflammatory factors. MA, as a natural immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent, may have a potential role in the prophylaxis and treatment of cGVHD.

To study the chemical constituents from the ripe fresh fruits of

Up to now, the majority of the developed photocatalytic CO2 reduction systems need to use expensive sacrificial reductants as electron source. It is still a huge challenge to drive the photocatalytic CO2 reduction using water as an electron source. Herein, we report a facile strategy for the construction of direct Z-scheme heterojunction of LF-FAPbBr3/α-Fe2O3, which is manufactured by the in situ and two-step controlled growth of ligand-free formamidinium lead bromide (LF-FAPbBr3) nanocrystals on the surface of α-Fe2O3 nanorods. The matchable energy levels and direct contact between LF-FAPbBr3 and α-Fe2O3 significantly accelerate the interfacial charge transfer, with a charge separation efficiency (ηseparation) of 93%, much higher than that of 11% shown by the ligand-capped FAPbBr3/α-Fe2O3 heterojunction. The resulting efficient separation and raised redox ability of photogenerated carriers endow the LF-FAPbBr3/α-Fe2O3 heterojunction with an outstanding photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction (to CO and CH4) coupled with water oxidation (to O2), achieving a highest electron consumption rate of 175.0 μmol g-1 h-1 among the reported metal halide perovskite-based photocatalysts, which are 5 and 11 times higher in comparison with those of sole LF-FAPbBr3 and ligand-capped FAPbBr3/α-Fe2O3, respectively.

An obstacle perception system for intelligent vehicle is proposed. The proposed system combines the stereo version technique and the deep learning network model, and is applied to obstacle perception tasks in complex environment. In this paper, we provide a complete system design project, which includes the hardware parameters, software framework, algorithm principle, and optimization method. In addition, special experiments are designed to demonstrate that the performance of the proposed system meets the requirements of actual application. The experiment results show that the proposed system is valid to both standard obstacles and non-standard obstacles, and suitable for different weather and lighting conditions in complex environment. It announces that the proposed system is flexible and robust to the intelligent vehicle.

The interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences tumorigenesis, so TME-targeted therapy has attracted widespread attention. We have previously demonstrated that the combination of dipyridamole, bestatin, and dexamethasone (DBD mix, DBDx) is effective against heterogeneous human pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in mouse xenograft models. To further expand the therapeutic potential of this drug combination, herein, we investigated the antitumor efficacy and the underlying mechanism of DBDx and the combination of DBDx and gefitinib in different mouse xenograft models of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Three human cancer cell lines H460, PG, and A431 were used to determine the apoptosis and growth inhibition induced by DBDx, gefitinib, and their combinations. Changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway-related proteins were analyzed following treatment using western blotting. In vitro, DBDx strongly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, whereas the combined treatment exhibited a significant synergistic effect. Compared with DBDx, the combination treatment further induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of molecules associated with EGFR signaling pathway. In vivo, compared with DBDx alone, the combination treatment distinctly inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human NSCLC. Overall, our results indicate that the combination of DBDx and gefitinib in the treatment of human NSCLC is very promising, which warrants further translational studies.

Liposome-based immunoassay (LIA) is an attractive protocol for amplifying the detection signals because of the excellent ability of liposomes to encapsulate signal marker compounds. The antigen-binding activity of the conjugated antibodies on the liposomal surface is crucial for the specificity and sensitivity of LIA. We present here a general platform to ensure that antibodies can conjugate onto the surface of liposomes in a site-specific and oriented manner. A His-handle-modified antibody with Fc region-specific and covalent conjugation was first fabricated using a photoactivatable ZBpa-His tag that was engineered using the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/suppressor tRNA technique. Based on the high affinity between the His tag and divalent metal ions, the novel His-modified antibody was oriented onto the surface of nickel ion-modified liposomes encapsulating horseradish peroxidase. With the prostate-specific antigen as a model, the detection efficiency of the new immunoliposomes was evaluated by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The immunoliposomes exhibited a limit of detection of 0.2 pg mL−1, which was a six time improvement compared with that of the chemical-coupled antibody–liposome conjugates. Thus, the proposed immunoliposomes are expected to hold potential applications for the sensitive detection of various biomarkers in complicated serum samples.

ObjectivesTo explore the alterations in immune cell composition in peripheral blood in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) based on their age group.MethodsPatients with imaging confirmed AIS were enrolled from April 2019 to January 2020 and were divided into three groups according to their ages: –65 years (group-B), and >65 years (group-C). Blood samples were collected immediately when the patients were admitted to our ward prior to any intervention. Flow cytometry was used to analyze immune cell composition in peripheral blood.ResultsA total of 41 eligible patients were included for final analysis. Among the three groups, the proportions of CD56+ CD16dim NK cells were least to greatest in group-B, group-A, then group-C, respectively. With increasing age, there was a decrease in the proportion of CD3+ T-cells (group-A vs. group-C, P = 0.016) and CD3+CD4+ T-cells (group-C vs. group-A, P = 0.008; group-C vs. group-B P = 0.026). Meanwhile, no significant differences in proportions of monocytes and B cells were observed.ConclusionsThe compositions of immune cells in peripheral blood of AIS patients were distinct when divided by age groups. Differences in immune cell ratios may affect clinical outcomes and foreshadows possible need for customized treatment of AIS in different age groups.

Gemcitabine (Gem) is currently used as the first-line therapy for liver and pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy in most cases. Dexamethasone (Dex) have been applied as a chemoprotectant and chemosensitizer in cancer chemotherapy. This study further explored the potential of combination of Gem and Dex and tested the hypothesis that glucocorticoid receptor signaling is essential for the synergistic antitumor activity. In the HepG2 and AsPC-1 xenograft models, the combination treatment showed a significantly synergistic antitumor activity. Immunohistochemistry of post-treatment tumors showed a significant decrease in proliferation and angiogenesis as compared to either of the treatments alone. Dex alone and the combination with Gem inhibited the expression of glucocorticoid receptor. The combination of Dex and Gem showed synergistic cytotoxicity in cell lines in vitro. The antiproliferative synergism is prevented by used glucocorticoid receptor (GR) small interfering RNA, demonstrating that the glucocorticoid receptor is required for the antiproliferative synergism of Gem and Dex. The inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway and induction of apoptosis via activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9, PARP, contributed to the synergistic effect of this combination therapy. These results demonstrate that Dex could potentiate the antitumor efficacy of Gem. The synergistic antitumor activity of the combination of Dex and Gem was through glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Taken together, a combination of Dex and Gem shows a significant synergistic antitumor activity and lesser toxicity both in vitro and in vivo and could be a combination chemotherapy for the treatment of highly expression of glucocorticoid receptor patients.

The fermentation technology of dandelion black tea was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method. Combined with sensory evaluation and biochemical analysis, the effects of fermentation conditions such as temperature, time and humidity on the functio...

Although the anisotropy and strategies for the modulation of the anisotropy in ReS2 have been widely reported, a comprehensive study on the inherent electronic anisotropy of ReS2 is still absent to date; therefore, the mechanism of anisotropy evolution is ambiguous as well. In this study, we have conducted a systematic investigation on the evolution of electronic anisotropy in bilayer ReS2, under the modulation of charge doping levels and temperature. It is found that the adjustability of electronic anisotropy is largely attributed to the angle-dependent scattering from defects or vacancies at a low doping level. At a high doping level, in contrast, the inherent electronic anisotropy can be recovered by filling the traps to attenuate the influence of scattering. This work renders insights into the exploration of electronic anisotropy in 2D materials.

Background: While the exact mechanism remains unclear, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to increase the risk of sarcopenia that is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and function. This study aimed to identify the pathophysiological role of lncRNAs in diabetic sarcopenia. Methods: Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed on the gastrocnemius from the overt diabetes-induced sarcopenia model of db/db mice. Informatics and co-expression networks were performed to predict key lncRNAs and their potential regulation circuits in diabetes-induced sarcopenia. To determine the specific function of lncRNA Gm20743, the detection of Mito-Sox, reactive oxygen species, Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, and myosin heavy chain was performed in overexpressed-Gm20743 C2C12 cells. Results: RNA-seq data and informatics revealed the key lncRNA-mRNA interactions and indicated a potential regulatory role of lncRNAs. Meanwhile, we characterized three core candidate lncRNAs Gm20743, Gm35438, and 1700047G03Rik and their potential function. Furthermore, the results suggested lncRNA Gm20743 may be involved in regulating mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and myotube differentiation in skeletal muscle cells. Conclusion: These findings significantly improve our understanding of lncRNAs that may mediate muscle mass, strength, and function in diabetes and represent potential therapeutic targets for diabetes-induced sarcopenia.

Purpose Unilateral jugular stenosis is easily mistaken as jugular hypoplasia for their similar jugular appearances. This study aimed to propose a scheme to differentiate acquired internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) from congenital jugular variation through two case examples. Methods We presented a dynamic evolution process of the IJVS formation, through a case of a 17-year-old female with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-associated right internal jugular venous thrombosis (IJVT), which resulted in post-thrombotic IJVS in the rare context of rapid recanalization. Meanwhile, we compared her images with images of a 39-year-old healthy male with hypoplastic IJV to determine the differences between the acquired IJVS and congenital dysplasia. Results Based on the first case, we noticed the whole formative process of acquired IJVS from nothing to something. Meantime, we found that acquired IJVS was surrounded by abnormal corkscrew collaterals as imaged on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography (CE-MRV), and the ipsilateral jugular foramen (JF) was normal-sized as displayed on computer tomography (CT). Conversely, jugular hypoplasia was with ipsilateral stenotic JF and without serpentine collaterals. Conclusion JF morphology and venous collaterals may be deemed as surrogate identifiers to distinguish acquired unilateral IJVS from jugular hypoplasia.

Sequences of circular RNAs (circRNAs) produced from back-splicing of exon(s) completely overlap with those from cognate linear RNAs transcribed from the same gene loci with the exception of their back-splicing junction (BSJ) sites. Therefore, examination of global circRNA expression from RNA-seq datasets generally relies on the detection of RNA-seq fragments spanning BSJ sites, which is different from the quantification of linear RNA expression by normalized RNA-seq fragments mapped to whole gene bodies. Thus, direct comparison of circular and linear RNA expression from the same gene loci in a genome-wide manner has remained challenging. Here, we update the previously-reported CIRCexplorer pipeline to version 3 for circular and linear RNA expression analysis from ribosomal-RNA depleted RNA-seq (CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR). A new quantitation parameter, fragments per billion mapped bases (FPB), is applied to evaluate circular and linear RNA expression individually by fragments mapped to circRNA-specific BSJ sites or to linear RNA-specific splicing junction (SJ) sites. Comparison of circular and linear RNA expression levels is directly achieved by dividing FPBcirc by FPBlinear to generate a CIRCscore, which indicates the relative circRNA expression level using linear RNA expression level as the background. Highly-expressed circRNAs with low cognate linear RNA expression background can be readily identified by CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR for further investigation. CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR is publically available at https://github.com/YangLab/CLEAR. Keywords: Circular RNA, Back-splicing, Linear RNA, Pre-mRNA splicing, Ribo− RNA-seq

The effect of Ca treatment on the modification of inclusions in Al-killed GCr18Mo bearing steel was studied and a thermodynamic and kinetic model was established. The experimental results showed that oxygen content in the steel could be reduced from 120 μg/g to the range 5.5–21.6 μg/g by Al-Ca complex deoxidization at 1 873 K. An appropriate increase in Ca/Al mass ratio is beneficial to reduce the total oxygen content in steel. When the content of dissolved aluminum was in the range of 0.03%–0.3%, with the increase of Ca/Al mass ratio from 0.8–1.6 to 2.4–3.2, the number of inclusions per unit area significantly reduced. In addition, the main types of inclusions were modified from large-sized Al2O3 clusters to plastic or semi-plastic liquid phase calcium aluminates. The experimental results matched well with the thermodynamic analysis.

Purpose In this study, the authors performed a numerical investigation on the heating of a hot cathode with a conical tip by atmospheric arc, taking into account of the two temperature sheath effect for the first time. Design/methodology/approach The Schottky effect at cathode surface is considered, which is based on the analytic solution of a one-dimensional sheath model. The unified model allows one to predict the cathode-plasma heat transfer. Findings The total heat flux to cathode surface is smaller than its components’ heat flux due to electron back diffusion is as large as that due to ion flux with the increase of cathode length the total heat transported to the cathode body has an obvious decrease. Originality/value It is found that two kinds of solution exist for the cathode with a 140° conical tip; however, only one stable solution exists when the conical angle is reduced to 130°.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of coal combustion is coupled with the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of supercritical steam, and applied in the simulation of the superheater. The convective heat exchangers are neglected. Complex tube arrangements can be modeled with the aid of AutoCAD, and therefore the simulation could offer detailed information on heat exchangers. It is found that the outlet steam temperature of the tube is very sensitive to the variation of ash deposit temperature. Therefore it is not reasonable to use decoupled method for predicting the energy flux transported to the steam. The outlet steam temperature of a row of tubes is compared with the running data from the power plant. The simulation result fits well with running data. Nevertheless, one can impose an average steam temperature plus 50 K as the tube outside surface temperature; then calculates the temperature of the ash deposit according to the thermal resistance of ash deposit and energy flux. The result from this “simplified” coupled method is very close to fully coupled method.

The paper adopts the financial physics approach to investigate influence of trading volume, market trend, as well as monetary policy on characteristics of the Chinese Stock Exchange. Utilizing 1-minute high-frequency data at various time intervals, the study examines the probability distribution density, autocorrelation and multi-fractal of the Shanghai Composite Index. Our study finds that the scale of trading volume, stock market trends, and monetary policy cycles all exert significant influences on micro characteristics of Shanghai Composite Index. More specifically, under the conditions of large trading volumes, loose monetary policies, and downward stock trends, the market possesses better fitting on Levy’s distribution, the volatility self-correlation is stronger, and multifractal trait is more salient. We hope our study could provide better guidance for investment decisions, and form the basis for policy formulation aiming for a healthy growth of the financial market.

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a close relationship between outdoor air pollution and increased risks for cancer, infection, and cardiopulmonary diseases. However, very few studies have investigated the potential health effects of coexposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and bioaerosols through the transmission of infectious agents, particularly under the current circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to identify urinary metabolite biomarkers that might serve as clinically predictive or diagnostic standards for relevant diseases in a real-time manner. We performed an unbiased gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/LC-MS) approach to detect urinary metabolites in 92 samples from young healthy individuals collected at three different time points after exposure to clean air, polluted ambient, or purified air, as well as two additional time points after air repollution or repurification. Subsequently, we compared the metabolomic profiles between the two time points using an integrated analysis, along with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes-enriched pathway and time-series analysis. We identified 33 and 155 differential metabolites (DMs) associated with PM and bioaerosol exposure using GC/LC-MS and follow-up analyses, respectively. Our findings suggest that 16-dehydroprogesterone and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol in urine samples may serve as potential biomarkers to predict or diagnose PM- or bioaerosol-related diseases, respectively. The results indicated apparent differences between PM- and bioaerosol-associated DMs at five different time points and revealed dynamic alterations in the urinary metabolic profiles of young healthy humans with cyclic exposure to clean and polluted air environments. Our findings will help in investigating the detrimental health effects of short-term coexposure to airborne PM and bioaerosols in a real-time manner and improve clinically predictive or diagnostic strategies for preventing air pollution-related diseases.

Up to now, the majority of the developed photocatalytic CO

Recent studies indicated that regulatory B cells (Bregs) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant signaling pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Mangiferin (MA), a polyphenol compound, has been reported to activate Nrf2/antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of MA on Bregs and Nrf2 antioxidant signaling in murine splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) in vitro. Our results revealed that MA could increase the Bregs level in murine splenic MNCs. Moreover, MA up-regulated the expression of Bregs-associated immunosuppressive factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) by activating the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in murine splenic MNCs. Meanwhile, MA inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and interferon-γ (INF-γ) at both mRNA and protein levels. MA also enhanced the transcription and protein expression of Nrf2 and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), whereas decreased that of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in murine splenic MNCs. Moreover, MA promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of murine splenic MNCs. These results suggested that MA exerts immunosuppressive effects by upregulating the Bregs level, activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and inhibiting the expression of pro-immunoinflammatory factors. MA, as a natural immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent, may have a potential role in the prophylaxis and treatment of cGVHD.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1. Supplemental Table 1. The specific STR loci informations of Microreader��� 21(Direct) ID System.

Additional file 1 Table S1. Parameters of jugular ultrasound in case 1. Table 2. The results of blood and cerebral spinal fluid examination of Case 2 on admissions.