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Provocada pelo Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a COVID-19 foi identificada em dezembro de 2019, depois de surto de pneumonia de causa desconhecida, em Wuhan, e, em março de 2020 passou a ser declarada como pandemia, devido à alta taxa de transmissão e propagação do vírus. Dentre as várias estratégias utilizadas para redução da progressão da doença estão as vacinas, formas mais seguras e eficazes para proteção contra doenças infecciosas. Após vários estudos foram desenvolvidas vacinas para a COVID19. De início, as vacinas eram recomendadas para indivíduos que se encontrassem com o quadro grave da doença, mas posteriormente a vacinação em massa vem sendo realizada com o intuito de combater a doença. Assim, por meio de pesquisa em bases de dados online, se dão aos sites como por exemplo Pubmed, Scielo, entre outros, a fim de buscar o presente estudo para abordar a importância e a eficácia da vacina da COVID-19 e, posteriormente, verificar a visão da população em relação à vacinação contra a doença. Desde o início de 2020 em uma série de ações de enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19 nas áreas de educação, pesquisa, produção de testes diagnósticos e vacinas, controle de qualidade, assistência, informação e comunicação. Destaca-se a produção de novas vacinas, com a ajuda do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), voltados para a solução dessa grave crise sanitária. A imunização é uma ferramenta eficaz e segura para a prevenção de doenças infecciosas. A vacinação elimina ou reduz drasticamente o risco de doenças ou sintomas graves que podem levar à hospitalização ou à morte. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), evita de dois a três milhões de mortes anualmente.

The SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 course has had a major impact on health and economics worldwide. Since pandemic onset, millions confirmed cases of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 have been recorded, with many deaths worldwide. The current systematic review of prospective inception cohort studies aims to investigate the clinical course of COVID-19 in hospitalized people in the outcomes of morbidity, mortality and recovery. This review will follow the assessment by PRISMA II and the Cochrane recommendations.

Systematic review to analyze the effectiveness of conservative treatments for low back pain in older people population

INTRODUÇÃO: Utilizar indicadores sociodemográficos e antropométricos pode ser uma estratégia prática, barata e eficaz para rastrear precocemente idosos com sarcopenia. OBJETIVO: Identificar pontos de corte em variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas para rastreio das sarcopenias provável e confirmada em idosos comunitários. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 308 idosos de ambos os sexos. Consideraram-se como fatores preditores as variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, escolaridade) e antropométricas [peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferências da cintura (CC) e da panturrilha dominante (CPD)]. Os desfechos foram as sarcopenias provável [avaliada por tempo ≥15 segundos no teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira de 5 repetições (TSLC5rep)] e confirmada (avaliada pelo TSLC5rep e equação de Lee). Para análise da capacidade de rastreio das variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas para as sarcopenias foram utilizadas análise de curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). RESULTADOS: Para rastreio da sarcopenia provável em idosas pode ser utilizada valores >91 cm na CC (AUC:0,61 IC95%:0,53;0,69), em idosos a idade superior a 69 anos parece ser mais indicada (AUC:0,62 IC95%:0,52;0,70). Para rastreio da sarcopenia confirmada, as variáveis ​​idade (>76 anos e >73 anos), peso (≤58 cm e ≤71 cm), IMC (≤27,66 Kg/m2 e ≤24,45 Kg/m2), CC (≤92 cm e ≤98 cm) e CPD (≤35 cm e ≤34 cm) (AUC >0,70 para todas as variáveis) podem ser utilizadas em mulheres e homens, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Variáveis ​​sociodemográficas e antropométricas são ferramentas simples e acessíveis para o rastreamento da sarcopenia em idosos.

The common goby, Pomatoschistus microps (Krøyer 1838) (Gobiidae, Teleostei) is an important estuarine and coastal fish species widespread throughout the European coasts and the Mediterranean (Dolbeth, Martinho, Leitão, Cabral, & Pardal, 2007). However, only recently has this species thermal tolerance and acclimation capacity been reported (Vinagre et al., 2016), and presenting no acclimation capacity to warming temperatures, as other Gobiidae. Synergy between the global warming rising temperatures and other stressors might increase the stress and mortality suffered by individuals (Madeira, Narciso, Diniz, & Vinagre, 2014). Parasites are a common stressor in marine environments, e.g. Anilocra frontalis is a common cymothoid parasite (family Cymothoidae, Isopoda) found from South Africa to Portugal, including the Mediterranean Sea (Junoy & Castelló, 2003). The objective of this work was to compare for the first time the effects of isopod ectoparasitization in the thermal tolerance, acclimation capacity and condition of fish, by using common and widely distributed species.

Temperate species undergo wide variations of abiotic factors according to season, with temperature and photoperiod being two of the main factors that change. Given that several laboratory studies have reported the capacity of intertidal species to trigger the cellular stress response when exposed to challenging environmental conditions, the aim of this study was to address this capacity in situ (38°42′N, 9°29′W) in a key intertidal species, the shrimp Palaemon elegans. This study assessed changes in (1) thermal stress (heat-shock protein 70 kDa—Hsp70, total ubiquitin—Tub) and oxidative stress biomarkers (antioxidant enzymes: catalase—CAT, superoxide dismutase—SOD, glutathione-S-transferase—GST, and oxidation products: lipid peroxidation—LPO) in the muscle and visceral mass, and assessed changes in (2) ion concentrations (Ca2+, Na+, K+) in the muscle of shrimps under spring and summer conditions in the wild. Tissue-specific biomarker responses were detected, with greater induction in the muscle (increased Tub, CAT, SOD and LPO). Visceral mass showed decreased (Tub, CAT, GST) or constant (Hsp70, SOD) biomarker levels except for LPO, which increased in summer-acclimatized animals. Potassium ion increased in the muscle of summer-acclimatized shrimps suggesting ionic regulation. This study showed that P. elegans employs different biochemical strategies depending on the season, potentially as a mechanism of seasonal acclimatization involving the protein quality control system, oxidative stress pathways and ionic regulation. These effects should be considered in environmental monitoring programs to avoid the interference of confounding variables, which change seasonally.

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG, however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results.