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As per the news and articles published in mass media in recent years, the usage of formalin in fruits and vegetables has become a worrisome condition in Bangladesh. In this context, this study was conducted to observe the effect of formalin on postharvest quality, shelf life, and nutritional profile of carrot, papaya, plum, apple plum, and guava. Fruits and vegetables sample were treated with different concentrations of formalin solutions (1%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) in two different modes (dipping and spraying) and stored for seven days. Physical parameters (color, texture, and flavor), weight loss, and shelf life were observed on every alternate day during the study period. Furthermore, 20% formalin-treated samples were used to find out the changes in nutritional profile (moisture, ash, carbohydrate, fat, and protein), pH, and vitamin C content. The study results revealed that different concentrations of formalin and treatment methods (dipping and spraying) did not bring up any positive effect in increasing the shelf-life and physical characteristics of selected fruits and vegetables during storage. Moreover, formalin treatment with higher concentration went in faster deterioration in color, texture, and flavor of samples compared to the control. The weight loss of fruits and vegetables is not dependent on formalin application. Formalin treatment worked negatively on the shelf life of samples. A significant reduction (P

The system suggested in this study is a cutting-edge approach for tracking meteorological conditions in a specific location and making the data available elsewhere in the globe. The Internet of Items (IoT) is the technology underlying this, and it is a sophisticated and efficient method for connecting things to the internet and linking the entire universe of things in a network. Electronic devices, sensors, and vehicle electronic equipment might all be found here. The system uses sensors to monitor and regulate ambient factors such as temperature and relative humidity, and then sends the data to a web page, where it is plotted as graphical statistics. The data updated by the established system may be accessed over the internet from any location on the planet.

Bangladesh is facing unpredictable weather patterns, as well as a consistent rise in temperature and precipitation. Climate change has had a negative impact on physical and mental health, leading to an increase mostly in the prevalence and variation of infectious diseases, as well as psychological issues such as depression and anxiety disorders. Given the country's inherent sensitivity to climatic influences, the climate-health nexus is a relatively unexplored subject of research. The purpose of this article is to investigate the severity of climate change in Bangladesh and how it impacts the health of the public. Morbidity and mortality due to heat stress, cyclones, floods, droughts, and other weather extremes at various spatiotemporal scales have been observed as direct effects of climate change in Bangladesh. The indirect effects involve more complicated paths, such as affecting food and water security due to salinity intrusion and the development of infectious diseases because of shifts in vector and pathogen ecology. To mitigate the effects of climate change on various infectious diseases, healthcare and response systems must be strengthened. By implementing proactive adaptation methods, we may significantly and actively contribute to preventing and regulating the negative consequences of climate change on human health. There is little evidence to make sound health policy decisions in the context of climate change, and there is a lack of multidisciplinary research activities. Despite these constraints, gathering and reporting scientific information is essential for developing a resilient health system in climate-vulnerable countries like Bangladesh and other low-income regions.

Agriculture is critical to the growth of an agricultural country. Agriculture-related issues have traditionally hampered the country's progress. The only answer to this challenge is smart agriculture, which involves upgrading conventional agricultural processes. When the signal reaches the Arduino, it will send a command to the relay of that specific line field valve to activate it in order to open the valve, as well as a command to the relay of the pump to exchange it directly in order to irrigate that field. Also, if two or three of the three plants' moisture sensors are operational, all three fields can be watered at the same time. As a result, all solenoid valve relays may be activated to open all valves, and the pump can operate to water all three plants. Choosing a proper pump to paint to water all flowers at the same time was an issue at first. The system's software has been set, and the system will no longer function unless (or three moisture sensors) are engaged. However, if one sensor of any line is engaged, the system will no longer function since that sensor may also be malfunctioning. If the water tank level is too low, the system will not function at all, even when all plant sensors are enabled to safeguard the water pump.

Induction motors are widely employed in a variety of sectors, from household gadgets to industrial machinery. This mandates the deployment of an effective and safe speed control device. Induction motors may also run in either direction, which is beneficial in a variety of applications. The Induction Motor Speed and Direction Controller Project are designed to regulate the induction motor's speed and direction. Induction motors run on straight AC lines, and the amount of power they receive determines how fast they revolve. Through AC driver circuitry, we may regulate the power of the AC line to change the speed of the induction motor. A microcontroller from the Atmega family is utilized to provide PWM power to an opto-coupler, which drives the TRIAC that supplies power to the induction motor. The microcontroller receives instructions via a mobile phone connection to the system. The mobile phone sends DTMF signals to the system, which the system recognizes and responds to appropriately. A button is used to raise the speed of the induction motor, a button to change direction, and a button to lower the speed of the induction motor, according to the video. On the LCD, the entire procedure may be observed in real time. In this way, this project demonstrates how to control the speed and direction of an induction motor.

Climate change is expected to raise river discharge and sea level in the future, and these near-term changes could alter the river flow regime and sedimentation pattern of future floods. Present hazard assessment studies have limitations in considering such morpho-dynamic responses in evaluating flood hazards or risks. Here, we present a multi-model-based approach to quantify such potential hazard parameters influenced by climate change for the most vulnerable communities living on river bars and islands of the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River. River flood-flow and flood wave propagation characteristics are predicted to be affected by changing temporal distribution patterns of precipitation as a result of enhanced global warming. Increased incidences of large multi-peak floods or uncommon floods resulting in long-duration floods driven by sea-level rise may happen as a result of this. To assess it, we have set up a hydromorphic model, Delft3D, for the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River forced by upstream flow, generated from a hydrological model SWAT, over the Brahmaputra basin. The simulations cover moderate, wettest, and driest conditions of the RCP8.5 scenario, and the results reflect the flooding consequences of the near-future, mid-century, and end-century. Floods in the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River are becoming more severe, frequent, and long-lasting, as a result of climate change, and are expected to last until the end of November rather than the current September timeline. While assessing the hazard, we found that the pattern and timing of the flood are as equally important as the peak of the flood, as the river continuously adjusts its cross-sectional area with the flow. The study also demonstrates that, depending on their location/position, climate-induced hazards can affect sand bars/islands disproportionally. The high flood depth, duration, and sedimentation have a significant impact on the sand bars downstream of the river, making them more vulnerable.

The Five different cropping patterns such as Fallow-Fallow-Fallow (F-F-F), Sugarcane-Sugarcane-T Aman (S-S-R), Vegetables-Fallow-T Aman (V-F-R), Fallow-Fallow-T Aman (F-F-R) and Fallow-Mung bean- T Aman (F-M-R) from Jessore district were investigated for carbon sequestration in soil aggreagates. Highest value of bulk density (1.53 g cm-3) was found in S-S-R and lowest (1.27 g cm-3) in F-M-R. The soil under V-F-R exhibited highest porosity (47.76%). F-M-R exhibited highest saturated hydraulic conductivity (15.36 cm day‑1). The state of aggregation and degree of aggregation was found high under F-F-R. The dispersion factor was highest under F-F-F (13.32%) and lowest under F-F-R (7.04%). The soil organic carbon (SOC) associated with >0.05 mm aggregates was generally higher than that with 0.05-0.002 mm and 0.05 mm aggregate and

Forcespinning is a powerful technique to produce fiber systems with suitable properties for a vast array of applications. This study investigates the sensing and energy generation performance of PVDF/PAni fiber mat systems made by the forcespinning method with and without graphene coating. The developed fiber mats were coated with graphene nanoflakes by drop-casting. The graphene-coated nanocomposites show an average output voltage of 75 mV (peak-to-peak), which is 300% higher compared to bare fiber mats, and an output current of 24 mA (peak-to-peak) by gentle finger pressing. Moreover, graphene-coated PVDF/PAni showed a volume conductivity of 1.2 × 10

The use of LED luminaries is increasing day by day and the traditional sources of light are being replaced by this semiconductortechnology. In this study, the interactions of Red, Green and Blue LED light with human-eye are considered to model the temperatureprofile due to the attenuation in the ocular media. The simulation has been done using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3. The results of thestudy show that Blue LED light causes temperature rise more than the other two colours of light. At the tip of the corneal surface,blue LED light causes the temperature to rise by 0.91⁰C whereas the rise of temperature for green and red LED are 0.85⁰C and0.46⁰C respectively. However, the temperature at the posterior layers of the eye, sclera, choroid and retina undergoes little thermaleffects due to LED light owing to the fact that the heat-flux due blood flow is dominant in that region. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 34-41, 2022 (January)

The aim of this work to investigate and create a solar-powered UPS for the Bangladeshi market as an alternative energy source. It comprises of a design that was created based on our study. Solar and wind UPS systems are made up of a solar charge controller with inverter circuit, and solar panel. Many circuit simulations were performed during this procedure to meet the work’s requirement. It also demonstrates that solar and wind-powered UPSs will be very effective and profitable in the electrical UPS industry. In this project, the solar panel is made up of solar cells that convert solar energy into electrical energy. We also have a charging circuit that charges a 12V DC (direct current) battery and an inverter circuit that converts the voltage to AC (alternative current).

Around nine million individuals are dumb at intervals of the planet's unit of measurement. Communication between a deaf and a hearing person has a significant disadvantage as compared to communication between blind and elderly visual individuals. A dumb communication translator is a gadget that translates hand motions to sensible speech. This job provides assistance to persons who are deaf and dumb. The main goal of this research is to connect them to the actual world via a sophisticated methodology. It is based on Human Computer Interaction, in which the patient is connected to the outside world by translating their sign language into conventional language. In this work, Arduino Uno, MP3, and speaker module has been used. Some button has been used for generating the voice signal at the output.

Background: The loss of smell and taste in COVID-19 patients is now acknowledged as one of the disease’s primary symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of loss of smell and taste in outpatients and hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that RT-PCR had confirmed. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the in the Novus Molecular Lab, Dhaka between 5 June 2021 and 17 July 2021]. COVID-19 patients were included in this study who become RT-PCR positive in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in a single center. All of them were interviewed by a structured questionnaire over the phone. Results: Among 200 COVID-19-positive patients smell and taste dysfunction appeared among 75(37.5%) patients. Only smell dysfunction occurred in 57.0% of patients, and taste dysfunction appears in 34.0% patients, and both symptoms were present among 9.0% of patients with or without other symptoms of COVID-19. The smell and taste recovery time was distributed as 63.0% recovered within less than a week, 20.0% within 2 weeks, and 17.0% in 2 weeks. Conclusion: In conclusion significant number of COVID-19 patients are presented with loss of smell and taste. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases June 2021;8(1):32-35

[EN] Stained-glass windows form an important part of cultural heritage. Short pulse lasers open new opportunities for safe decontamination. In this work, and for the first time, the interaction of sub-nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed lasers with some contemporary stained-glasses has been analyzed exploring their applicability to safely clean stained-glass windows. The results show that, in these materials, damage can be induced using energy levels below damage thresholds due to the heat accumulation in the coating layer that is being eliminated. The latter generates significant thermal stresses on the glass volume, which induce crack formation. In consequence, in order to apply safe stained-glass cleaning protocols, laser parameters have to be selected to control the temperature increase within this layer. To achieve the latter goal, two alternative irradiation procedures were explored in this work. As a first option, a reduction of the effective pulse repetition frequency to values lower than 20 kHz was applied. A second alternative was used for lasers with pulse repetition rates in the hundreds of kHz. In this case, the burst mode was employed controlling the number of pulses emitted and combined with an adequate time lapse selection between two consecutive burst runs. A proof of concept demonstration was carried out on a stained-glass sample from the Cathedral of Cuenca, dated at the end of the XV century., [ES] Las vidrieras constituyen un elemento esencial de nuestro patrimonio cultural. Los láseres de pulsos ultracortos ofrecen nuevas oportunidades para desarrollar procesos de restauración seguros. En este trabajo, por primera vez, se estudia la interacción de láseres pulsados emitiendo pulsos en el rango de los subnanosegundos y femtosegundos con piezas de vidrieras contemporáneas, con el fin de explorar la posibilidad de desarrollar procesos seguros de restauración de vidrieras. Los resultados muestran que, en estos materiales, incluso trabajando con niveles de energía por debajo de los umbrales de daño, se puede generar deterioro por la acumulación de calor generada en la capa que se está eliminando, lo cual puede generar niveles de tensiones térmicas que provocan la ruptura del vidrio. Por tanto, para desarrollar protocolos de limpieza seguros, los parámetros de procesado deben escogerse de tal manera que se minimice la temperatura que se alcanza en esta capa. Se han explorado dos alternativas. Una es reducir la frecuencia de trabajo hasta valores por debajo de los 20 kHz. En el caso de láseres que trabajen a frecuencias más elevadas, la alternativa es trabajar en modo burst, limitando el número de pulsos en cada serie y estableciendo tiempos de espera entre dos series. Estas ideas se han aplicado sobre una pieza de vidriera de la Catedral de Cuenca de finales del siglo XV., This work was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement N.° 766311. Partial support is obtained from Gobierno de Aragón “Construyendo Europa desde Aragón” (research group T54_20R). The use of Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación at the University of Zaragoza is acknowledged. This work has been performed in the framework of the Unidad Asociada de I+D+I al CSIC “Vidrio y Materiales del Patrimonio Cultural (VIMPAC)”, by INMA (CSIC-University of Zaragoza) and University of Burgos.

The practice of finding instances of semantic objects of a certain class, including people, cars, and traffic signs, in digital photos and videos is known as object identification or detection. Due to the development of high-resolution cameras and their widespread usage in everyday life, the detection is one of the most difficult and rapidly expanding study fields in computer science, particularly in computer vision. For automatic object recognition, several researchers have experimented with a variety of techniques, including image processing and computer vision. In this research, we employed a deep learning based framework YOLOv3 using Python, Tensorflow, and OpenCV to identify objects in real time. We do a number of tests using the COCO dataset to verify the effectiveness of the suggested strategy. The results of the experiments show that our suggested solution is resource and cost effective since it uses the fewest frames per second.

The importance of a routine health check-up for elderly patients, as well as the documentation of that check- up, cannot be overstated. Maintaining adequate documentation for a patient by himself or by his attendance, on the other hand, is extremely difficult. This paper primarily focuses on developing a framework that includes a smartphone application and introduces a real-time remote monitoring system for basic medical treatment of an elderly patient. It can keep track of a patient’s emergency contacts. Using the SMS manager API, emergency contacts can receive messages with the patient’s daily health alerts. Furthermore, the system will keep track of the patient’s symptoms, and if anything goes wrong for a continuous period of time, the system will automatically send out reminders to schedule medical appointments. For medical appointments, a patient may be able to search for nearest doctors and schedule an appointment for him via the system. Here, Google map technology is used to search nearby doctors. A reminder is introduced in this system where all of the activities for a patient are notified on a regular basis.

Ultra-low-noise solid-state nanopores are attractive for high-accuracy single-molecule sensing. Conventional silicon platform introduces acute capacitive noise to the system, which seriously limits the recording bandwidth. Recently, we have demonstrated the creation of thin triangular membranes on an insulating crystal sapphire wafer to eliminate the parasitic device capacitance. Uniquely different from the previous triangular etching window designs, here hexagonal windows were explored to produce triangular membranes by aligning to the sapphire crystal within a large tolerance of alignment angles (10 to 35 degrees). Interestingly, sapphire facet competition serves to suppress the formation of more complex polygons but creates stable triangular membranes with their area insensitive to the facet alignment. Accordingly, a new strategy was successfully established on a two-inch sapphire wafer to produce chips with an average membrane side length of 4.7 μm, an area of

The visual and instantaneous detection of trace levels of toxic lead ions (Pb2+) in water is still challenging. In this study, a perovskite precursor-based fluorescent sensor for visual and instantaneous...

Infrared thermography is a non-destructive technique that can be exploited in many fields including polymer composite investigation. Based on emissivity and thermal diffusivity variation, components, defects, and curing state of the composite can be identified. However, manual processing of thermal images that may contain significant artifacts, is prone to erroneous component and property determination. In this study, thermal images of different graphite/graphene-based polymer composites fabricated by hand, planetary, and batch mixing techniques were analyzed through an automatic machine learning model. Filler size, shape, and location can be identified in polymer composites and thus, the dispersion of different samples was quantified with a resolution of ~ 20 µm despite having artifacts in the thermal image. Thermal diffusivity comparison of three mixing techniques was performed for 40% graphite in the elastomer. Batch mixing demonstrated superior dispersion than planetary and hand mixing as the dispersion index (DI) for batch mixing was 0.07 while planetary and hand mixing showed 0.0865 and 0.163 respectively. Curing was investigated for a polymer with different fillers (PDMS took 500s while PDMS-Graphene and PDMS Graphite Powder took 800s to cure), and a thermal characteristic curve was generated to compare the composite quality. Therefore, the above-mentioned methods with machine learning algorithms can be a great tool to analyze composite both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Positive pressure ventilation has been an important component of respiratory disease management for the last 50 years. External instruments called ventilators are intended to help a patient accomplish a certain operation. It is to maintain or enhance a person's breathing capacity if he has a problem with his own breathing. It is a piece of equipment, software application, or product scheme that is used to increase, sustain, or boost the functional capacities of people with pulmonary difficulties. The developed system of a lab model ventilator is the subject of this article. The ventilator's robustness and functionalities, which are not only easily adaptable but also exact lower cost and cost-effective. The proposed design for a ventilation system was constructed with wooden parts weighing 6 kg and measuring 14×7×9 inches in dimension. It works without essential to the human hand since it breathes by the compression of a traditional bag-valve mask. In addition, it has a low-battery warning system as well as an assist control. Thismethod implemented is novel, low - cost, less dependent on external power and easy to manage.

An electric network, electric grid, or electricity network is an integrated electricity supply network for producers to consumers. It consists of electricity producing stations. The main objective of this study is to monitor the electricity grid system process, disclose this system at a dangerous level, monitor the current line, and reduce conventional systems expenses. From anywhere on the Internet, we can monitor. We can do it also if a system is enabled or disabled. It uses an electrical microcontroller to monitor a single-phase electrical device using Arduino to read sensor voltage and current and then communicate measured data via a new Android application for wireless monitoring. It enables the monitoring of several basic power quality parameters of basic voltage. The technology also determines the line frequency and power factor.

Our study aimed to examine the practices and knowledge of food handling and safety among 1534 university students in Bangladesh (mean age 22.09 ± 1.78), as well as the relationship between these factors and their academic and demographic backgrounds. Participants in this study were undergraduate and graduate students from four public universities in Bangladesh from different religions, income levels, years and majors of study, residential areas, living alone or not, and whose mothers are working or non-working. The questionnaire included 14 questions on food handling practices and 16 on knowledge. Questions were related to food preparation, hygiene, cross-contamination, and storage. The overall mean score for food handling practices was 34.9% (SD = 13.7), while that of knowledge was 41.8% (SD = 16.5). Female students, those from food-related majors, and those engaged in cooking activities scored significantly higher in the knowledge and practice sections (

The central nervous system’s (CNS) dopaminergic system dysfunction has been linked to neurological illnesses like schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. As a result, sensitive and selective detection of dopamine is critical for the early diagnosis of illnesses associated with aberrant dopamine levels. In this research, we have investigated the performance of electrochemical screen-printed sensors for different concentrations of dopamine detection using graphene-based conductive PEDOT: PSS(G-PEDOT: PSS) and Polyaniline(G-PANI) inks on the working electrode and compared the sensitivity. SEM characterization technique has been performed to visualize the microstructures of the proposed inks. We have investigated cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical techniques with ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple to assess the efficiency of the designed electrodes in detecting dopamine. G-PANI ink has shown to have better LOD and stability to detect dopamine with screen-printed electrodes. Further, we have also studied electrochemical analysis for the selective detection of dopamine without the interference of Ascorbic Acid (AA).

Identification of root causes and associated impacts of land fragmentation is necessary to reduce future fragmentation and mitigate its impacts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and impacts of land fragmentation in a purposively selected coastal Upazila (sub-district) of Bangladesh. This study is carried out mainly based on the collected information from the individual representative of the selected 133 households. It discloses that most of the households observed the land fragmentation during their possession because of rapid population growth and breaking the joint/extended families into nuclear families. In fact, land fragmentation can increase or decrease a particular land use type. However, the results of this research confirm that there are no significant (p >0.07, based on the number of households) associations found between increasing and decreasing homestead land. In contrast, the number of households with cropland significantly (p

This work reports on studies aimed to evaluate the utilization of ultrashort 238 fs (fs) pulsed UV laser emission at 343 nm for eliminating colored crusts and surface deposits on significant Cretaceous flint surfaces, in an attempt to safeguard its aesthetic appearance and archaeological value. The results indicate that fs UV lasers may be an ideal, non-contact tool for selective surface cleaning of sensitive archaeological artefacts, since they enable contaminant desorption while avoiding photothermal damage., Project supported by H2020-MSCA-ITN-EJD/ED-ARCHMAT funding under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant agreement, No. 766311 and by Gobierno de Aragón (research group T54_20R).

Piezoresistive microcantilever sensor is widely used in sensing applications including liquid and gas flow detection. Microcantilevers can function as an embedded system if they are coated with polymers or nanomaterials to improve sensing performance. In this paper, we investigated the performance of piezoresistive microcantilevers (PMC) with and without additional coating. We studied the sensitivity of the PMC sensor after coating it with a three-dimensional porous hydrogel and piezoresistive graphene oxide layer. Hydrogel embedded piezoresistive microcantilever (EPM) showed better results than PMC during solvent sensing application. The resistance change for hydrogel embedded PMC was higher compared to bare PMC by 430% (3.2% to 17%) while detecting isopropyl alcohol (IPA), by approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude (0.19% to 5.7%) while detecting the presence of deionized water. Graphene Oxide coated PMC showed a wider detection range by 30 milliliter/min and 24% better sensitivity than bare PMC during the gas detection experiment. Additionally, we compared the experiment result with COMSOL simulation to develop a model for our embedded PMC sensing. Simulation shows significantly higher deflection of the EPM compared to the bare PMC (66.67% higher while detecting IPA, consistent with the trend observed during the experiment). The facile drop casting-based embedded microcantilever fabrication technique can lead to improved performance in different sensing applications. Our future work will focus on detecting biomolecules by using our constructed embedded systems.

This study aims at investigating the effect of nanoparticle morphology and concentration on the specific heat capacity of a molten salt used as thermal energy storage material in concentrated solar power plants. Binary carbonate salt eutectic (lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate at a molar ratio of 62:38, respectively) is used as the base material. Two different carbon allotropes, graphite nanoparticles (Gp) and carbon nanotube (CNT) are used as dopants to look into the morphological effect on specific heat (Cp). A series of experiments are carried out to systematically investigate the effect of nanoparticle concentration by varying the mass percentages of carbon allotropes (2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.%) in the base material. The specific heat capacity of the samples is measured both in solid (250 °C and 400 °C) and liquid phases (520°–560 °C) using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show a maximum enhancement of 35% in Cp for 6 wt.% Gp -based salt in the liquid phase. CNT-based nanomaterials exhibit a maximum enhancement of 20% for 4 wt.% CNT inclusion in the liquid phase. The superior performance of Gp compared to CNT and mass concentration-controlled specific heat is explained using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. FESEM and EDS analysis confirm the presence and the composition of the compressed layer, respectively. These layers are considered to be responsible for the anomalous increase in specific heat capacity at different mass concentrations for the carbon allotropes.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is already a public health emergency and led to millions of cases and deaths worldwide since its outbreak on December 2019. Public health responses is not seen to identify asymptomatic individuals who are also infectious. Data are also limited on the duration of viral clearance. Methods: Retrospectively and randomly selected 2117 cases who came to do PCR for COVID-19 in Novus molecular Lab, Dhaka between 5 March 2021 and 5 May 2021. Laboratory data and patient's characteristics, such as age, sex, and other relevant history were collected from our laboratory database. Results: Among 2117 cases (symptomatic or asymptomatic patients), SARS_CoV_2 RNA was detected in 501 samples (24%). Among 501 positive cases 352 were male and 149 were female with the mean age of 34.81 (SD±12). The most common complaints were fatigue (68%), high temperature (57%); but anosmia and ageusia were present among 57% cases in symptomatic and also asymptomatic groups. Among the positive cases, 30-39 years of age group was mostly affected followed by 19-29 years. 48% asymptomatic cases were found among the positive cases. The mean CT value was significantly higher in asymptomatic (24.5 ± 0.4), compared to symptomatic (23.37± 0.3). The median duration of viral conversion in this study was 20 days (IQR 16–33 days). Conclusion: We found those people having symptoms have delayed viral clearance. These data disclose the high asymptomatic incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Bangladesh, and that these cases may act as carrier. Public health expert should think for routine screening in office or other area to identify asymptomatic cases and to contain the outbreak. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2021; 15 (1): 3-7

Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the significant pathogens with associated public-health concern in the world. The present study has been focused on the prevalence of MRSA and their antibiotic resistance of indoor and outdoor patients different age & gender in clinical history, Dr. Sirajul Islam medical college and hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. We were performed during the period of January 2019 to July 2019. A total 964 samples which is outdoor 354 (36.72%) indoor 610 (63.27%). We were observation 5 days (BACTEC-9050 Machine) then inoculated selective onto Blood agar media and the culture plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The S. aureus colonies showing golden yellow colour on Blood agar were primarily identified as S. aureus, which were then subjected for catalase and coagulase tests. The Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) could be detected outdoor and indoor patients only 42 (4.35%) into, males 18 and female 24 in total sample, on the other hand S. aureus. (MSSA) 50 (5.18%), Pseudomonas spp. 14 (1.45%), Klebsiella spp. 13 (1.34%), Salmonella spp. 27 (2.80%), E. coli 21 (2.17%), no MRSA, MSSA and other organisms are found 797 (82.67%). Total identified MRSA Staphylococci aureus. 42 (4%) in all blood samples, and other 922 (96%). Standard antimicrobial disks representing multiple sixteen drug were, Sensitive-381 (56.69%), Resistance-284 (42.26%), as well as Intermediate-7 (1.04%) against antibiotics, Oxacillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Co-trimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Amoxicillin, Amoxyclave, Azithromycin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Netilmicin, Gatifloxacin, Cloxacillin, Sparfloxacin. In this study, we describe the current burden of MRSA infections in healthcare and community of Bangladesh. And settings across other country the main threats caused by recent changes in the epidemiology of MRSA. This data has important implication for quality of patients care antibiotic selection and infection control practices.

This study aims to examine the causes of boiler accidents in the context of the ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh as an emerging economy. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the existing literature, previous accident reports, and technical discussion with relevant personnel in the industries and regulating authorities, a total of 14 causes of boiler accidents were identified. This study merged neutrosophic (N) theory with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for prioritizing the causes of boiler accidents. Finally, to examine the reliability of the results, a robustness analysis was performed. The findings reveal that the lack of standard legislation, non-standard boiler operation, use of expired, non-registered, and non-certified boilers, faulty design of boilers, and the shortage of skilled boiler operators are the top five notable causes of boiler accidents in the RMG industry. The findings provide valuable insights for industrial managers and policymakers to formulate strategies to reduce boiler accidents.

Background and Aim: Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, infectious disease of wild and domestic ruminant animals caused by the BT virus (BTV). Bangladesh having a border with a BTV-endemic country, India and a substantial number of susceptible animals. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate BTV seroprevalence and potential risk factors. Materials and Methods: We collected 150 serum samples from indigenous sheep from Chattogram, Bangladesh. We screened the serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting BTV-specific immunoglobulin. Results: We detected antibodies against BTV in 39.3% (59/150; 95% confidence interval: 31.5–47.6) of all sampled sheep. Factors like sampling site, sheep rearing location, rearing sheep with other farm species, and body condition score had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the seroprevalence of BTV. Conclusion: The findings show that indigenous sheep have a higher BTV seroprevalence, necessitating sustained surveillance for early diagnosis and a better understanding of virus epidemiology in Bangladesh.

The effect of fuel orientation on air curtain performance in confining fire and smoke in case of a clothing store fire in typical informal shopping malls of Bangladesh is examined numerically. Three fuel packages of different density and three types of fuel distributions are analyzed using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Fire and smoke spread, temperature and carbon monoxide concentration at critical locations and effectiveness of air curtain are analyzed from evacuation perspective to obtain a safer storage and arrangement of clothing fuels. Dependency of fire behavior and air curtain jet interaction on fuel density, fuel distribution and storage height are observed. The time required for flame spread from the source store to the hallway is reduced by at least 50s when air curtain is discharged for ‘Grid’ type fuel distribution compared to other orientations. This indicates a significant increase in the safe evacuation time in case of air curtains compared to the no curtain and actual fuel distribution cases.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an important cause of hospital admission with acute abdomen. It is responsible for significant morbidity and also mortality in patients. Objective: To determine the incidence of non-biliary nonalcoholic acute pancreatitis (Non A non B) and also to compare the incidence with alcoholic and biliary pancreatitis in the department of surgery of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh as well as with the developed countries Methods: This prospective study was carried on 75 patients of both sex having acute abdominal pain characteristic of acute pancreatitis and serum amylase >3 times normal, admitted in General Surgery wards in CMCH and supported by biochemical test during June 2008 to May 2010. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 36.1±15.4 years and 32.7±14.3 years in male and female group respectively (p>0.05) and maximum number was found in the age group of 20-30 years in both groups. Choledocolithiasis were 2(33.3%) and 7(21.9%) in male and female respectively evaluated by USG. Sludge in GB 1(16. 7%) in male and 7(21.9%) in female. Biliary ascariasis 3(50.0%) and 16(50.0%) in male and female respectively. Alcoholic was found 4(16.0%), Biliary 2(8.0%) and Non Alcoholic non Biliary 19(78.0%) in male patients. Biliary 32 (64.0%) and Non Alcoholic non Biliary 18(36.0%) in female patients. The difference was statistically significant (p

The present work represents a 3-D numerical investigation of forced convection heat transfer over circular and oval tube banks with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) for flow through a fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The thermo-hydraulic performance parameters are studied numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool. It is found that within the range of Reynolds number (500-850) studied, the degree of heat transfer enhancement is greatly influenced by the tube shape. Heat transfer increases by 13 % when the angle of attack is varied from 15° to 25°, with a corresponding pressure drop of 40 % and 62 % for the oval tubes and circular tubes, respectively. The effect of the aspect ratio of the oval tubes is observed to be very significant. Several other performance parameters of the oval and circular tube banks with vortex generators under the same operating conditions are compared with a focus on finding an optimal configuration.

Background: COVID-19 has significant impact on mental health and wellbeing of population all over the globe. The study used collected data from a large research project by International Citizen Project COVID-19 (ICPCOVID), Bangladesh chapter, to assess a potential difference between participants’ loneliness, anxiety, and wellbeing before and during COVID-19 as well as the associated factors in Bangladesh. Methods: The primary study was a web-based cross-sectional study which used non-probability sampling method (convenience sampling) to collect data using a survey link (www.icpcovid.com/en/home). Invitations to participate were sent through different platforms, including social media (e.g., WhatsApp groups, and Facebook, email messages). In Bangladesh, data were collected from May to September 2020. To assess loneliness, anxiety, and wellbeing of the participants University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 3-item Loneliness Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and WHO-5 Wellbeing Index tools were used respectively. To compare before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 scenario, each item of the used tools in the survey asked the participants to respond for two time points: “two weeks before COVID-19 crisis” and “since the beginning of COVID-19 crisis” in Bangladesh. A total of 1360 individuals responded to the questionnaire and 890 of them were included in the final analysis in order to conduct complete case analysis. Primary outcome of this study were loneliness, anxiety, and wellbeing as measured by the tools (UCLA-3 item questionnaire, GAD-7, WHO-5) and Sociodemographic variables, COVID-19-related questions, and time spending patterns during COVID-19 were considered covariates. At first, Chi-square test was done to see the association between the dichotomized outcome variables and independent variables. Backward elimination stepwise multivariable logistic regression was conducted to see the associated factors of the outcome variables. Result:Majority of the respondents were from the urban area of Bangladesh (75.3%). Most of the participants (70.3%) were less than 25 years old and were single (78.7%). More than half of the participants’ highest level of education was a Bachelor's degree (54.9%). Almost two-thirds of the respondents were students (68.9%). Two weeks before COVID-19 crisis, among the respondents 43.4% were found to be lonely, 33.4% had mild to severe anxiety symptoms, and 42.2% had impaired wellbeing (as recalled). Since the beginning of the pandemic, 57.2% respondents were found to be lonely, 68.8% had mild to severe anxiety symptoms, and 79.6% had impaired wellbeing. McNemar chi-square tests showed that the proportions of participants who were lonely, had mild to severe anxiety symptoms, and had impaired wellbeing were different since the beginning of COVID-19 than 2 weeks before COVID-19 (as recalled) (p1.0, 2.3). Since the beginning of the pandemic, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, loneliness was associated with male participants (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5, 0.9), married participants (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7), presence of comorbidity (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.3), and more social media use (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7, 2.6). Anxiety symptoms were associated with being male (OR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.5, 0.9), presence of comorbidity (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.7), found it difficult to avoid COVID-19 related news (OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.4, 4.1), and more social media use (OR:3.1, 95%CI: 1.5, 6.2). Impaired wellbeing was associated with being male (OR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.4, 1.0), found it difficult to avoid COVID-19 related news (OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.4, 4.2), more social media use (OR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.2), and work from home (OR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.7). Multivariable analysis also showed that, loneliness was associated with anxiety (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 2.6, 5.4) and impaired wellbeing (OR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.6). Conclusion: This study provided evidence on prevalence and associated factors of loneliness, anxiety, and wellbeing as well as their associated factors in before and during COVID-19 scenario. The findings will try to fill the void in mental health research related to COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

The present study is aimed at investigating clinical poultry diseases in an Upazila Government Veterinary Hospital of Bangladesh through passive surveillance and to know the frequency distribution of antimicrobial drugs prescription pattern. The study was conducted in Ramu Upazila Government Veterinary Hospital under Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh from February to March, 2016. A total of 180 cases including 73 broiler, 84 layer, 18 duck and 5 pigeon were included in this study. Diseases were diagnosed based on clinical history, clinical signs, post mortem lesions and rapid kit test. The most prevalent diseases were Newcastle disease (ND) 17.8% (95% CI 12-24%), colibacillosis 11.5% (95% CI 6-17%), infectious bursal disease (IBD) 10.8% (95% CI 6-16%) and aspergillosis 9.6% (95% CI 5-14%) in broiler and layer chickens; duck plague 69.6% (95% CI 49-90%) in duck and pigeon pox 13% (95% CI 0.2-24%) in pigeon. Regarding production type, the prevalence of colibacillosis, IBD and aspergillosis was significantly higher in broiler chickens (17.8, 19.2 and 16.4%) when compared with layer chickens (6.0, 3.6 and 3.6%) (p