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Automatic methods to segment the vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumors and the cochlea from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are critical to VS treatment planning. Although supervised methods have achieved satisfactory performance in VS segmentation, they require full annotations by experts, which is laborious and time-consuming. In this work, we aim to tackle the VS and cochlea segmentation problem in an unsupervised domain adaptation setting. Our proposed method leverages both the image-level domain alignment to minimize the domain divergence and semi-supervised training to further boost the performance. Furthermore, we propose to fuse the labels predicted from multiple models via noisy label correction. In the MICCAI 2021 crossMoDA challenge, our results on the final evaluation leaderboard showed that our proposed method has achieved promising segmentation performance with mean dice score of 79.9% and 82.5% and ASSD of 1.29 mm and 0.18 mm for VS tumor and cochlea, respectively. The cochlea ASSD achieved by our method has outperformed all other competing methods as well as the supervised nnU-Net., Comment: Accepted by MICCAI 2021 BrainLes Workshop. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.06274

The political economic transformation of developed countries over the past half Century has resulted in widespread social mobility for many individuals. The context is a society where political consensus promoted ‘fairness’ as the potential to succeed through social mobility. For many individuals their aspirations have been fulfilled, for others there has been disappointment as they remain in the position of their parents or even experienced downward mobility. This resonates with the consensus explanation that ‘winning’ or ‘losing’ in the context of structural change polarises society through anti-system voting. Yet, the literature has failed to engage with the process of intergenerational social mobility. In Paper 1, I test how individuals’ social mobility affects the tendency to vote for ‘Brexit’, showing that one’s social origins are nearly as important as current educational or occupational position. Paper 2 develops the analysis to show this origin effect extends to anti-system right support across Europe. Over and above origin and destination effects, the act of upward mobility decreases support for the anti-system right, whereas downward mobility increases support for the anti-system right. Contrastingly, I do not identify any impact from social mobility for those who support the anti-system left. In the second section, I explore the mechanisms behind why social mobility is important for political attitudes. Paper 3 uses panel data to show that going to university makes one less ‘Eurosceptic’. However, this effect is at least as great for those from graduate parental backgrounds as for first generation students, ensuring that there remains a difference in attitudes by socio-economic background. Paper 4 investigates another aspect of political socialisation - birthplace unemployment conditions. I find that being born in a Local Authority with higher unemployment decreases adulthood earnings, makes one more economically ‘left-wing’, and increases the likelihood of voting for the Labour Party.

Balticoroma wheateri Penney & Marusik new species Figs 1–21 Type material. Holotype male: in Eocene Baltic amber from Lithuania (GPIH 4666). Etymology. Named after Professor C. Philip Wheater, co-author, colleague and friend of the senior author. Diagnosis. The new fossil species is easily distinguished from all other anapid spiders by the male having clypeal extensions that run parallel to the ectal surface of the chelicerae (Figs 8, 15) and in having the metatarsus of the first leg reduced and modified into what is presumably a y-shaped clasping structure (Figs 10–14). The female is unknown. Description. Male holotype. Total length 1.8 mm. Carapace with a distinctly elevated pars cephalica clearly demarcated from the pars thoracica by a procurved groove (Figs 2, 4). The eyes are not visible under light microscopy, but based on CT scans there appear to be eight eyes reasonably closely-grouped, with each pair more or less contiguous; posterior median eyes largest, anterior median eyes smallest. An unusual 'sulcus' runs dorso-ventrally on the right lateral surface of the pars thoracica (Figs 2, 4), but this is absent on the left side of the specimen so is an artefact of preservation. The clypeus is very high, at least five times the diameter of the AME, with unusual, ventrally-projecting extensions running along the ectal surface of each cheliceral paturon (Figs 6, 8, 15). These have been confirmed as extensions of the carapace rather than the chelicerae, as each is clearly segmented from the latter and fully attached to the carapace in the raw data slices (Figs 15, 16). The chelicerae are relatively long and narrow, with a short fang. Sternum subcircular, maxillae and labium wider than long. A labral spur is present between each cheliceral paturon (Fig. 8). Leg formula 1243, lacking distinct macrosetae, but with a short bristle distally on each patella and two short bristles dorsally on each tibia; tibia 3 with only one short dorsal bristle (Fig. 1). Each tarsus with three claws, lacking accessory setae; tarsi longer than metatarsi. Leg 1 heavily modified, with all segments apart from the tarsus distinctly swollen; metatarsus 1 forked distally forming what is presumably a y-shaped clasping structure (Figs 2, 3, 6, 10–14). Pedipalpal structure not clearly visible using computed tomography, however, the femur and tibia lack apophyses and the patella has a small number of stiff setae at the tip; cymbium with a dorsal outgrowth (Fig. 17) (= the “paracymbium” sensu Wunderlich's diagnosis). There is a long sinuous embolus originating proximally, forming a coil and projecting ectally (Figs 9, 17–21), associated with what appears to be a bent functional conductor (Figs 19–20) sensu Wunderlich (2004). Abdomen orientated almost at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the body; dorsal surface covered with a single, smooth scutum and short setae. Ventral side of abdomen with a smaller epigastric scutum and lateral folds; spinnerets short, unmodified and surrounded by a sclerotized ring. Female: unknown. Distribution. Extinct. Known only from Eocene Baltic amber.

Balticoroma wheateri Penney & Marusik new species Figs 1���21 Type material. Holotype male: in Eocene Baltic amber from Lithuania (GPIH 4666). Etymology. Named after Professor C. Philip Wheater, co-author, colleague and friend of the senior author. Diagnosis. The new fossil species is easily distinguished from all other anapid spiders by the male having clypeal extensions that run parallel to the ectal surface of the chelicerae (Figs 8, 15) and in having the metatarsus of the first leg reduced and modified into what is presumably a y-shaped clasping structure (Figs 10���14). The female is unknown. Description. Male holotype. Total length 1.8 mm. Carapace with a distinctly elevated pars cephalica clearly demarcated from the pars thoracica by a procurved groove (Figs 2, 4). The eyes are not visible under light microscopy, but based on CT scans there appear to be eight eyes reasonably closely-grouped, with each pair more or less contiguous; posterior median eyes largest, anterior median eyes smallest. An unusual 'sulcus' runs dorso-ventrally on the right lateral surface of the pars thoracica (Figs 2, 4), but this is absent on the left side of the specimen so is an artefact of preservation. The clypeus is very high, at least five times the diameter of the AME, with unusual, ventrally-projecting extensions running along the ectal surface of each cheliceral paturon (Figs 6, 8, 15). These have been confirmed as extensions of the carapace rather than the chelicerae, as each is clearly segmented from the latter and fully attached to the carapace in the raw data slices (Figs 15, 16). The chelicerae are relatively long and narrow, with a short fang. Sternum subcircular, maxillae and labium wider than long. A labral spur is present between each cheliceral paturon (Fig. 8). Leg formula 1243, lacking distinct macrosetae, but with a short bristle distally on each patella and two short bristles dorsally on each tibia; tibia 3 with only one short dorsal bristle (Fig. 1). Each tarsus with three claws, lacking accessory setae; tarsi longer than metatarsi. Leg 1 heavily modified, with all segments apart from the tarsus distinctly swollen; metatarsus 1 forked distally forming what is presumably a y-shaped clasping structure (Figs 2, 3, 6, 10���14). Pedipalpal structure not clearly visible using computed tomography, however, the femur and tibia lack apophyses and the patella has a small number of stiff setae at the tip; cymbium with a dorsal outgrowth (Fig. 17) (= the ���paracymbium��� sensu Wunderlich's diagnosis). There is a long sinuous embolus originating proximally, forming a coil and projecting ectally (Figs 9, 17���21), associated with what appears to be a bent functional conductor (Figs 19���20) sensu Wunderlich (2004). Abdomen orientated almost at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the body; dorsal surface covered with a single, smooth scutum and short setae. Ventral side of abdomen with a smaller epigastric scutum and lateral folds; spinnerets short, unmodified and surrounded by a sclerotized ring. Female: unknown. Distribution. Extinct. Known only from Eocene Baltic amber., Published as part of Penney, David, Mcneil, Andrew, Green, David I., Bradley, Robert, Marusik, Yuri M., Withers, Philip J. & Preziosi, Richard F., 2011, A new species of anapid spider (Araneae: Araneoidea, Anapidae) in Eocene Baltic amber, imaged using phase contrast X-ray computed micro-tomography, pp. 60-66 in Zootaxa 2742 on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276594, {"references":["Wunderlich, J. (2004) Fossil spiders in amber and copal. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 3 AB, 1 - 1908."]}

Balticoroma Wunderlich, 2004 Type species. Balticoroma reschi Wunderlich, 2004 in Eocene Baltic amber, by original designation. Remarks. The genus Balticoroma was erected by Wunderlich (2004) for five new species preserved in Baltic amber and two extant species from Japan and Korea. It was ill defined, the diagnosis stating only that ���A ���paracymbium��� is present as a large retrodorsal outgrowth [of the cymbium], several bulbus sclerites and a large functional conductor are present���. Wunderlich���s descriptive diagnoses and proposed relationships were based primarily on differences in the relative proportions of the segments in the first pair of legs in males, which showed various degrees of enlargement or modification, including of the femur, tibia and metatarsus., Published as part of Penney, David, Mcneil, Andrew, Green, David I., Bradley, Robert, Marusik, Yuri M., Withers, Philip J. & Preziosi, Richard F., 2011, A new species of anapid spider (Araneae: Araneoidea, Anapidae) in Eocene Baltic amber, imaged using phase contrast X-ray computed micro-tomography, pp. 60-66 in Zootaxa 2742 on page 61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276594, {"references":["Wunderlich, J. (2004) Fossil spiders in amber and copal. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 3 AB, 1 - 1908."]}

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Glare is a frequent issue in highly glazed buildings. A modelling approach is presented that uses discomfort glare probability and discomfort glare index as metrics to determine occupants’ behaviour. A glare control algorithm that actuated an interior shade for glare protection based on the predicted perception was implemented in a building simulation program. A reference case with a state-of-the-art base glazing was compared to the same glazing but with five different complex fenestration systems, i.e., exterior shades. The windows with exterior shades showed significant variations in glare frequencies. Energy use intensity in a prototypical office building with daylighting controls was greatly influenced for the systems with frequent glare occurrence. While the base glazing could benefit from glare control, some of the exterior shades showed significantly greater energy use when discomfort glare-based operation of interior shades was considered.