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Anarta vaciva is reported from Russia for the first time and it is the 22nd species of the genus known from the territory of the country. It was found in Volgograd Region (S shore of Elton Lake) and in Novosibirsk Region (in saline steppe near Polaynovo Village in Chistoozyorny District). This species is reported for the first time for the fauna of Europe based on the finding in Volgograd Region.

Aim. To clarify the spring aspect of the faunistic composition of Lepidoptera insects in the Republic of Dagestan as one of the most poorly studied regions of the European part of Russia.Materials and Methods. The collection of material was carried out in six localities of the Republic of Dagestan at light sources and with a butterfly net. The material was determined using modern guides.Results. We have determined 210 species of the families: Coleophoridae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae, Saturniidae, Notodontidae, Erebidae and Noctuidae. Thirteen species are indicated for the fauna of Eastern Caucasus for the first time: Trypostela machinopis (Meyrick, 1936), Multicoloria vibicigerella (Zeller, 1839), Casignetella ancistron (Falkovitsh, 1976) (Coleophoridae), Gymnancyla gilvella (Ragonot, 1887) (Pyralidae), Hypena obesalis (Treitschke, 1829) (Erebidae), Clostera pigra (Hüfnagel, 1766) (Notodontidae), Cleora cinctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Chlorissa pretiosaria (Staudinger, 1887), Acasis viretata (Hübner, [1799]), Earophila badiata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Pareulype berberata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Eupithecia assimilata (Doubleday, 1856) and Eupithecia intricata (Zetterstedt, 1839) (Geometridae).Conclusion. It seems very perspective to study the entomofauna of the Republic of Dagestan, especially in non‐standard periods: in spring and autumn.

The article provides the list of Lepidoptera (the families: Cossidae, Coleophoridae, Choreutidae, Ethmiidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Lemoniidae, Lasiocampidae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae), collected in four localities in the Republic of Dagestan in September 2020. In total, 207 species have been recorded. Five species are reported for the fauna of Russia for the first time: Casignetella texanella (Chambers, 1878) (Coleophoridae), Agriphila cyrenaicellus (Ragonot, 1887), Thyridiphora furia (Swinhoe, 1884), Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775) (Crambidae), and Scopula minorata (Boisduval, 1833) (Geometridae); 23 species - for the fauna of Eastern Caucasus: Perygra glaucicolella (Wood, 1892), Ecebalia halophilella (Zimmermann, 1926), E. linosyris (E. Hering, 1937), Ionescumia clypeiferella (O. Hofmann, 1871), Carpochena trientella (Christpoh, 1872) (Coleophoridae), Tebenna micalis (Mann, 1857) (Choreutidae), Ethmia candidella (Alpheraky, 1908) (Ethmiidae), Stenoptilia zophodactyla (Duponchel, 1838), Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875), Crombrugghia laetus (Zeller, 1847) (Pterophoridae), Glyptoteles leucacrinella Zeller, 1848, Cadra calidella (Guenée, 1845), (Pyralidae), Agriphila selasella (Hübner, [1813]), Agriphila tolli (Bleszynski, 1952), Agriphila poliellus (Treitschke, 1832), Pediasia contaminella (Hübner, 1796), Pediasia fascelinella (Hübner, [1813]), Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794), Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833) (Crambidae), Watsonalla binaria (Hufnagel, 1767) (Drepanidae), Idaea degeneraria erschoffi (Christoph, 1872), Scopula nigropunctata (Hufnagel, 1767), and Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) (Geometridae).

PDF file - 176KB, LuCap 86.2 and LuCap 23.12 human prostate cancer xenografts treated with docetaxel 5 mg/kg weekly i.p or 20 mg/kg weekly i.p.

AVI file - 712KB, Dynamics of ARv567 variant nuclear accumulation in untreated cells.

AVI file - 681KB, Dynamics of ARv567 variant nuclear accumulation in cells treated with 10nM Noc.

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Prostate cancer growth depends on androgen receptor signaling. Androgen ablation therapy induces expression of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants that drive disease progression. Taxanes are a standard of care therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, mechanisms underlying the clinical activity of taxanes are poorly understood. Recent work suggests that the microtubule network of prostate cells is critical for androgen receptor nuclear translocation and activity. In this study, we used a set of androgen receptor deletion mutants to identify the microtubule-binding domain of the androgen receptor, which encompasses the DNA binding domain plus hinge region. We report that two clinically relevant androgen receptor splice variants, ARv567 and ARv7, differentially associate with microtubules and dynein motor protein, thereby resulting in differential taxane sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. ARv7, which lacks the hinge region, did not co-sediment with microtubules or coprecipitate with dynein motor protein, unlike ARv567. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of ARv7 was unaffected by taxane treatment. In contrast, the microtubule-interacting splice variant ARv567 was sensitive to taxane-induced microtubule stabilization. In ARv567-expressing LuCap86.2 tumor xenografts, docetaxel treatment was highly efficacious, whereas ARv7-expressing LuCap23.1 tumor xenografts displayed docetaxel resistance. Our results suggest that androgen receptor variants that accumulate in CRPC cells utilize distinct pathways of nuclear import that affect the antitumor efficacy of taxanes, suggesting a mechanistic rationale to customize treatments for patients with CRPC, which might improve outcomes. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2270–82. ©2014 AACR.

PDF file - 112KB, Microtubule co-sedimentation assay in a different cell line confirms that the C-ter of AR mediates association with microtubules.

AVI file - 481KB, Dynamics of ARv7 variant nuclear accumulation in cells treated with 1nM TXT.

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AVI file - 956KB, Dynamics of ARv7 variant nuclear accumulation in cells treated with 10nM Noc.

PDF file - 182KB, R1881 treatment in M12 cells transfected with ARv567 and ARv7 does not increase AR-variant nuclear accumulation.

AVI file - 749KB, Dynamics of ARv7 variant nuclear accumulation in untreated cells.

PDF file - 152KB, Antibody detection of AR in M12 series.

AVI file - 503KB, Dynamics of ARv567 variant nuclear accumulation in cells treated with 1nM TXT.

First record of the nemoral Eastern Palaearctic species Catocala helena Eversmann, 1856 is reported from Samara Region as new to Europe. New localities in the South Urals and West Siberia are reported for the first time. The present records expand the species distribution for more than 2500 km to the west. The general species’ distribution and bionomics is provided. Species’ habitats in the South Urals are illustrated.

The Balkan Peninsula is a geographical region under various large-scale climatic influences, one of the most significant being the Mediterranean Sea in the southwest and the continent in the northeast. The novelty of this study is that the border between the zones with prevailing maritime or continental climate conditions is clearly identified by the month with the highest precipitation during the year. We use the gridded data product TS_4.06 of the Climatic Research Unit for monthly precipitation to identify the timing of the maximum rainfall at different locations. The grid boxes with highest precipitation in the cold part of the year (October to March) are considered to be under prevailing Mediterranean influences and, on the contrary, the ones with the highest precipitation are in the warm part of the year (April to September); these are climates with prevailing continental characteristics. In general, this border separates the zones with Cs and Dw types of climates. Its spatial variability at a decadal time-scale is discussed for the period from 1901–2021 and a general weakening of the Mediterranean influence over the Balkan Peninsula is found. However, for the last three decades, from 1991–2021, the tendency is the opposite. A periodicity of ~20 years is identified, suggesting that during the decade of 2020–2030, the Mediterranean influence in this region will dominate.

The paper contains data about 354 species of owlet moths, collected in 2017–2020 in Kyrgyzstan. This work is based on the examination of 4043 specimens, from which genitalia for 600 specimens were dissected. The following number of species is recorded for various territories of the country for the first time: 12 species for Kyrgyzstan; 27 species for West TianShan; eight species for Central Tian-Shan; 29 species for Inner Tian-Shan; one species for North Tian-Shan; 10 species for Alai. In total, 878 species of moths are known in the fauna of Kyrgyzstan. Due to the intermediate position of Kyrgyzstan between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan we can predict an average species number in Kyrgyzstan as between 950 and 1000 species. Thus, the fauna of Noctuoidea of this country is studied by 80–90% to the present time.

The article provides the list of Macroheterocera (Lepidoptera), collected in Mongolia in two expeditions of Russian entomologists in 2019. The first travel (September 14−24) − Bayan-Ulgii, Khovd, and Gobi-Altai Aimaks; the second travel (June 24 – July 5) − Uvurkhangai, Bayanhongor, and Töw Aimaks. 21 species are indicated for the fauna of Mongolia for the first time: Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) (Geometridae), Orgyia dubia (Tauscher, 1806), Thylacigyna antiquoides (Hübner, 1822), Ivela ochropoda (Eversmann, 1847), Catocala deducta Eversmann, 1843, C. desiderata Staudinger, 1888, C. neglecta Staudinger, 1888, (Püngeler, 1906), Autophila vespertalis (Staudinger, 1896) (Erebidae), Acronicta tridens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Caradrina expansa Alphéraky, 1887, C. inopinata Hacker, 2004, Polymixis atossa (Wiltshire, 1941), P. rosinae (Bohatsch, 1908), Dasypolia maria Volynkin, 2012, Pseudohadena argyllostigma (Varga & L.Ronkay, 1991), Ctenoceratoda turpis (Staudinger, 1900), Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767), M. vitellina (Hübner, 1808), Dichagyris flammatra ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Agrotis psammocharis Boursin, 1950, Eugnorisma atrabaelbops Varga, 1975 (Noctuidae).

Polychrysia iuno sp. nov. is described from the Inner Tian-Shan, Kyrgyzstan (Dzhumgaltoo Range, Sary-Kayky Massif, right bank of Karakol River, 42°11.300′N 74°03.193′E, 2093 m asl). The new species differs from the closely related P. esmeralda (Oberthür, 1880) in the wing pattern and ground colour tone, and by the structure of male genitalia.

Background: There is no sufficiently accurate short-language measure that could be used by speech–language pathologists, teachers or paraprofessionals to screen young school-aged children to identify those requiring in-depth language evaluations. This may be due to poor development of the available measures, which have omitted crucial test development steps. Applying more stringent development procedures could result in a measure with sufficient accuracy. Aims: To create and validate a short-language measure that has acceptable accuracy, validity and reliability, and which can be used to identify children who require further assessment and/or referral to speech–language services. Methods & Procedures: The study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1 (measure creation), 56 children were assessed with 160 direction-following and sentence-recall test items and a reference measure, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Fourth Edition (CELF-4). Items were then examined for their individual characteristics (validity, reliability, difficulty and discrimination) via item analysis and the highest quality items were selected to form the Short Language Measure (SLaM). In Phase 2 (measure validation), 126 children were assessed with the SLaM and the reference measure (CELF-4) to determine SLaM's accuracy, validity and reliability. Outcomes & Results: A total of 40 test items were selected to form SLaM in Phase 1. Findings from Phase 2 indicated that SLaM had an accuracy of 94% (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 93%), validity of 0.89 and reliability of 0.93. These values remained relatively consistent across both phases. Conclusions & Implications: The results indicated that SLaM has excellent psychometric properties. It can be used to identify children who need further evaluation by a speech–language pathologist. What this paper adds What is already known on this subject Prior research suggests that combining a direction-following and a sentence-recall task has sufficient discrimination accuracy and agreement with an omnibus language measure. Trialling a large set of direction-following and sentence-recall test items to select those with the highest individual characteristics could result in an effective short-language measure. What this paper adds to existing knowledge A short-language measure (SLaM) was created and validated on two independent samples of children. Items with the highest validities, reliabilities and discrimination capacities were selected to form SLaM. This procedure resulted in a measure with high validity and reliability that exceeded the criterion for adequate discrimination accuracy. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? SLaM is an effective measure that can accurately identify children who require detailed evaluations by speech–language pathologists.

Tibbiy veb-saytlar va ularning ma'lumotlaridan foydalanish tobora rivojlanib bormoqda va bu borada tabiiki ayrim muammolar ham yuzaga keladi. Vizual tuzilma bo'lgan sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining sifatiga turli omillar ta'sir qiladi. Joriy tadqiqotning maqsadi sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining rolini tushuntirish, foydalanuvchilarning tibbiy veb-saytlarning sifati va ishonchliligi haqidagi qarashlarini o���rganish, shuningdek, foydalanuvchilar tomonidan sog'liqni saqlash ma'lumotlarini olishdir. Bundan tashqari, bunday veb-saytlarni loyihalash bo'yicha keng qamrovli qo'llanma zarurligi muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytining ko'rinishi foydalanuvchilarning ishonchini qozonishda muhim rol o'ynaydi.Sog���liqni saqlash sohasida veb saytlar yaratish bo���yicha milliy yoki xalqaro to'liq yo���riqnoma yo'qligi ma'lum bo'ldi. Sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining vizual tuzilishining ahamiyatini hisobga olgan holda sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining izchil bo'lmagan, yomon yoki shaxsiylashtirilgan dizayn muammolarini bartaraf etish uchun milliy yo���riqnoma ishlab chiqish kerak., Using health-related websites and their information increasingly develops and some concerns on its quality arise as well. Different factors affect the quality of health websites which visual structure is one of the most important factors. The aim of the current study is to explain the role of health websites` visual structure in users��� views on their quality and reliability as well as its role in obtaining health information by users. Furthermore, the need for a comprehensive guideline for designing such websites is discussed. The review showed that health website���s appearance has an important role in users view on its credibility. Furthermore, it was revealed that there is no comprehensive national or international guideline to health websites design. Considering the importance of visual structure of health websites, there is an emergent need to develop a national guideline to obviate the problems of non-consistent, poor or personalized design of health websites.

Nola aerugula (H��bner, [1793]) (Figures 31���42, 47���48, 54, 57) Phalaena Bombyx aerugula H��bner,[1793], SammlungAuserlesener V��gel und Schmetterlinge,mit ihrem Namen Herausgegeben auf Hundert nach der Natur Ausgemalten Kupfern: 11, pl. 61. LT: [Europe] = Pyralis centonalis H��bner, 1796, Sammlung Europ��ischer Schmetterlinge 6: pl. 3, fig. 15. LT: [Europe] = Hercyna scabralis Eversmann, 1842, Bulletin de la Soci��t�� Imp��riale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 15: 562. LT: Russia = Nola littoralis Paux, 1901, Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 35: 479. LT: Dunkerque, France, Published as part of ��unap, Erki, Choi, Sei-Woong, Matov, Alexey & Tammaru, Toomas, 2021, Description of Nola estonica sp. nov., with comparison to N. aerugula and N atomosa stat. rev. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), pp. 401-424 in Zootaxa 5082 (5) on page 412, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5794916, {"references":["Eversmann, E. (1842) Quaedam lepidopterorum species novae, in Rossia orientali observatae, nunc describae et depictae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 15, 543 - 565."]}

Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) stat. rev. (Figures 19���30, 45���46, 52���53, 56) Glaphyra atomosa Bremer, 1861, Bulletin de l���Acad��mie Imp��riale des sciences de St-Petersbourg 3: 491. LT: Amur, Russian Federation = Nola candidalis Staudinger, 1892, M��moires sur les L��pidopt��res 6: 258. TL: Amur, Russian Federation syn. nov. = Nola shin Inoue, 1982, Moths of Japan: 661. TL: Shibecha, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan syn. nov., Published as part of ��unap, Erki, Choi, Sei-Woong, Matov, Alexey & Tammaru, Toomas, 2021, Description of Nola estonica sp. nov., with comparison to N. aerugula and N atomosa stat. rev. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), pp. 401-424 in Zootaxa 5082 (5) on page 411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5794916

Nola estonica ��unap sp. nov. (Figures 1���18, 43���44, 49���51, 55) Type material Holotype: ♀, ESTONIA, Piusa Railway Station, at light, 57��50���20.9������N 27��28���15.0������E, 03.08.2020, leg. E. ��unap, TUZ300299. Paratypes, 82♂♂, 53♀♀. ESTONIA 1♂, P��lvamaa, V��rska, 57��58���N 27��37���E, 19.09.2001, leg. T. Ruben/A. Lindt, IZBE1137190. 1♂, P��lvamaa, Korela, 57��53���N 27��44���E, 01.- 15.07.2010, leg. T. Ruben, IZBE1137191. 1♂, V��rska, ��rsava, 57��56���46���N 27��37���54���E, 19.07.2011, leg. T. Tammaru, DNA voucher E��1488, RCTT. 1♀, Piusa Railway Station, 57��50���30������N 27��27���26������E, 20.07.2011, leg. T. Tammaru, DNA voucher E��1489, RCTT. 1♂, Harjumaa, Mustj��e, 59��19���N 25��28���E, 01.- 19.07.2012, leg. T. Ruben, IZBE1137192. 1♀, M��e-Palo, 57��37���06������N 27��07���26.5������E, 04.07.2012, leg. E. ��unap, DNA voucher E��1490, RCE��. 1♂, Piusa, 57��50���30������N 27��27���18������E, 03.08.2017, leg. I. Taal & T. Tasane, RCIT. 1♂, Karilatsi 1 km W, 58��07���25������N 26��54���05������E, 07.09.2018, leg. T. Tammaru, DNA voucher E��1484, RCTT. 1♂, Parmu, at light, 57��33���53.3���N 27��19���15.4���E, 20.07.2020, leg. E. ��unap, RCE��. 6♂♂, 2♀♀, Piusa Railway Station, 57��50���21������N 27��28���14������E, 27.07.2020, leg. I. Taal & A. Truuverk (incl. 2♂♂, DNA vouchers E��1550, E��1552, used for genetic study), RCIT. 5♂♂, 5♀♀, Piusa Railway Station, 57��50���21������N 27��28���14������E, 27.07.2020, leg. I. Taal & A. Truuverk, RCAT. 48♂♂, 30♀♀, Piusa Railway Station, 57��50���21������N 27��28���14������E, 27.07.2020, leg. I. Taal & A. Truuverk, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ dissected, TUZ300207���TUZ300284. 3♂♂, 3♀♀, Piusa Railway Station, at light, 57��50���20.9������N 27��28���15.0������E, 03.08.2020, leg. E. ��unap (incl. 1♂, DNA voucher E��1529, used for genetic study) RCE��. 13♂♂, 11♀♀, Piusa Railway Station, at light, 57��50���20.9������N 27��28���15.0������E, 03.08.2020, leg. E. ��unap, 2♂♂, 5♀♀ dissected, TUZ300285���TUZ300298, TUZ300300���TUZ300309. Other material examined RUSSIA 1♀, Primorsky region, Kedrovaja Pad, V, L[ight], 43��06���N 131��29���E, 2- 17.08.1997, leg. Laanetu & Viidalepp, dissected, IZBE0106558. 1♂, Amurskaja region, Svobodnenski district, Iverskii zakaznik, 18.06.- 01.07.2010, leg. A. Barbarich, A. Streltsov, P. Osipov, dissected, slide Matov 0589, ZISP. SOUTH KOREA 6♀♀, Mt. Samaksan, Deokduwon-ri, Seo-myon, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, at light, 37��50���11������N 127��37���30������E, 25.06.2016, leg. S. S. Kim, 2 ♀♀ dissected, MNU genital slides no. 1172 and 1173, MNU 5- MNU 10. 1♂ Haesan, Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do Province, at light, 38��11'15������N 127��47'18������E, 24.06.2017, leg. S. S. Kim, dissected, MNU genital slide no. 1170, MNU NE1. Description External morphology. Wingspan 15.2-18.1 (average 16.4 �� 1.0 SD, n = 18) mm in males 15.4-19.0 (average 17.2 �� 1.0 SD, n = 16) mm in females. Head white, antennae covered with white scales. Male antennae bipectinate, bearing numerous sensilla on the ventral side. The length of sensilla exceed the diameter of the flagellum. Female antennae filiform. Labial palpi porrect, elongated, more than two times longer than the diameter of the eye, intermixed with light and dark scales on the lateral side, but only white scales present on the medial side. Proboscis present. Thorax white. Forewing elongated, apex rounded. Upperside white. Three tufts of raised scales present along the anterior edge of the cell, the medial and distal tuft always containing at least some dark scales, the proximal tuft sometimes completely white. Subbasal line present as a brown costal blotch, sometimes completely absent. Antemedial line, if present, usually brown, rarely black, jagged, forming an irregular curve towards the termen. A large brown blotch sometimes present on costa proximal to the antemedial line. Medial line absent. Postmedial line brown, rarely black, parallel to costa in the subcostal region, but turns towards inner margin at an acute angle on R 5. Postmedial line almost straight between R 5 and inner margin, with clear darker spots on veins, sometimes proximally accompanied by a light brown band. Subterminal line undulating, light brown to light grey, sometimes completely absent. Terminal line light brown to light grey, sometimes hardly visible, sometimes interrupted by a row of white or yellowish dots on veins. Fringes usually unicolourous, white, light beige or light grey, rarely slightly lighter on veins. Pattern reduced in many specimens, sometimes represented only by a few dark scales on subcostal hair tufts, and as a row of small dark dots referring to postmedial line. Underside unicolourous dark grey in males, white with most veins dark grey and some grey scales diffused between the veins in females. Hindwing with evenly curved termen, apex rounded. Upperside white, subcostal region light grey. In darker specimens wings gradually darkening from white to light grey in subterminal area. Discal spot very weak, formed by a small number of dark scales. Terminal line light grey, interrupted by a row of white or yellowish dots on veins, sometimes hardly visible. Fringes white, light beige or light grey. Underside white, with diffused grey scales mostly present on the anterior half of the wing and on the subterminal area. Discal spot grey. Legs white or grey, darker in males than in females, one pair of tibial spurs present in midlegs, and two pairs in hindlegs of both sexes. Abdomen dorsally light yellowish grey, posterior edges of segments visible as a row of lighter scales. Ventral side of the abdomen light yellowish grey suffused with small number of black scales. Male genitalia. Uncus absent. Tegumen narrow, 1.5 times longer than vinculum. Saccus short and very wide, with rounded tip. Scaphium with two extremely long, parallel, stick-like, sclerotized structures. Valva long, bilobed, costa and ventral margin heavily sclerotized, rounded at both tips. Tip of the ventral lobe of valva extended to a tiny hook. Harpe strong, triangular, spine-like, with a pointed tip. Editum present as a rounded protuberance bearing a number of tiny papilles carrying thin setae, positioned close to base of costa. Transtilla narrow, heavily sclerotized. Juxta plate-like, laterally extended as two arms to dorsal side. Aedeagus almost straight, three times longer than wide, apex ventrally elongated as a thin triangular slat, coecum absent. Vesica straight, slightly wider and longer than aedeagus, with one cornutus. Cornutus short and wide, with a prominent central ridge extending beyond its posterior edge. Eighth tergite with two narrow anterior projections located wide apart from each other, posterior edge of the heavily sclerotized area rounded. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short, very wide; posterior apophyses approximately as long as ovipositor. Anterior apophyses short, their length approximately 2/3 of the length of posterior apophyses. Ostium bursae heavily sclerotized, genital orifice oval, wider than long. Antrum region very short, membranous. Posterior part of ductus bursae moderately sclerotized, the sclerotized region wider than long, its length about 1/5 of the total length of ductus bursae. Middle part of ductus bursae membranous, two times longer than wide, the membrane slightly wrinkled, sometimes with irregular patches of sclerotization. Anterior part of ductus bursae heavily sclerotized, dilated, sclerotization present as irregular longitudinal folds. Corpus bursae ovoid, elongate, 2.5 times longer than wide, with one signum. The posterior part of signum bursae bearing a heavily sclerotized thorn pointing towards the lumen of corpus bursae. Diagnosis. N. estonica (Figures 1���18) differs from N. atomosa by its rather straight postmedial line which is darker on veins and often divided into a row of dark spots. The postmedial line of N. atomosa (Figures 19���30) is strongly undulating and almost unicolourous. Even in very light specimens of N. atomosa the postmedial line is not interrupted into separate spots located on veins. In N. atomosa, fringes are chequered, being white on tips of the veins, and light grey between the veins. Male genitalia of N. estonica (Figures 43 ab, 44ab) and N. atomosa (Figures 45 ab, 46ab) are very similar and cannot be used for reliable identification. However, the 8th tergite of N. estonica has narrow anterior projections that are situated apart from each other (Figures 43c, 44c), while that of N. atomosa usually has wide anterior projections that are located much closer to each other (Figures 45c, 46c). Females of N. estonica can easily be separated from N. atomosa by genitalia dissection, as this species has only one signum in bursa copulatrix, which is located ventrolaterally (Figures 49���51). N. atomosa has an additional smaller signum on the opposite side of bursa copulatrix (Figures 52���53), though the latter may be small, almost transparent and therefore hard to notice. A fine detail characteristic of N. estonica is an inward-pointing thorn on the posterior edge of signum (Figure 55). Though the posterior edge of the larger signum of N. atomosa is also bent inwards (Figure 56), it does not form a distinct narrow thorn. The sclerotized posterior part of ductus bursae is wider than long in N. estonica, but almost rectangular in N. atomosa. N. aerugula (Figures 31���42) can usually be separated from N. estonica by its much darker colouration. Even in very light specimens of N. aerugula the ground colour of forewings is often yellowish, not white, as opposed to the pure white ground colour of N. estonica. Though the postmedial line of N. aerugula is sometimes almost as straight as that of N. estonica, it is not distinctly darker on veins nor divided into a row of spots. The hindwings of N. aerugula are almost unicolourous and darker than those of N. estonica: dark grey in the darkest specimens, light grey in the lightest ones. Male genitalia of N. aerugula (Figures 47a, 48a) differ from those of N. estonica (Figures 43a, 44a) by shorter vinculum, which has length/width ratio of about 0.5 (as opposed to at least 0.6 in N. estonica), and by very short and narrow saccus. There are, however, no differences in the shape of the aedeagus of N. estonica (Figures 43b, 44b) and N. aerugula (Figures 47b, 48b). The 8th tergite of N. estonica has narrow anterior projections that are situated apart from each other (Figures 43c, 44c), while that of N. aerugula usually has wide anterior projections that are located much closer to each other (Figures 47c, 48c). Females of N. estonica can easily be separated from N. aerugula by genitalia dissection, as this species has only one ventrolateral signum on bursa copulatrix (Figures 49���51), but N. aerugula has an additional smaller signum on the opposite side of bursa copulatrix (Figure 54). However, the latter may be small, almost transparent and therefore hard to notice. The larger signum of N. aerugula is often just a flat patch of sclerotization on the wall of bursa copulatrix which is thicker on its posterior edge (Figure 57), but sometimes its posterior edge is bent inwards. Even in the latter case it does not form a distinct narrow inward-pointing thorn which is characteristic to N. estonica. The sclerotized posterior part of ductus bursae is wider than long in N. estonica, but almost rectangular in N. aerugula. Note. Though the hitherto known European and Far Eastern populations of N. estonica are separated by at least 6000 kilometers, we have not found any consistent differences in their morphology. The South Korean and Russian specimens fit well within the intraspecific variation of the Estonian material. Biology. N. estonica appears to be locally common in southeastern Estonia. The majority of the type series were collected from a dry, narrow meadow stripe in the railway corridor that penetrates a landscape dominated by dry pine forest on sandy soil. Whether the species prefers woodland or open habitat is yet unknown, as though the moths were captured on a meadow, they may have flown to light from the nearby forest only 15-20 meters away. In South Korea, the moths were collected in mountainous woodland with mixed coniferous and deciduous trees, and the single contemporary specimen from Russian Far East was taken from mixed forest adjacent to large xerophytic meadows. Most of the hitherto known specimens have been collected in July and early August, but two records from September suggest that partial second brood may exist. Other details of the life cycle and larval foodplants are not known. Etymology. The name estonica refers to Estonia, as the species was first discovered in this country, which is also the area of origin of the type series., Published as part of ��unap, Erki, Choi, Sei-Woong, Matov, Alexey & Tammaru, Toomas, 2021, Description of Nola estonica sp. nov., with comparison to N. aerugula and N atomosa stat. rev. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), pp. 401-424 in Zootaxa 5082 (5) on pages 408-411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5794916

Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) stat. rev. (Figures 19–30, 45–46, 52–53, 56) Glaphyra atomosa Bremer, 1861, Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des sciences de St-Petersbourg 3: 491. LT: Amur, Russian Federation = Nola candidalis Staudinger, 1892, Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères 6: 258. TL: Amur, Russian Federation syn. nov. = Nola shin Inoue, 1982, Moths of Japan: 661. TL: Shibecha, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan syn. nov.

Nola estonica Õunap sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae) is described based on type material from Estonia. The lectotype is designated for Glaphyra atomosa Bremer, 1861, which is reinstated from a subspecies of Nola aerugula (Hübner, [1793]) to a full species: Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) stat. rev. The status of these three taxa as separate species is supported by the results of phylogenetic analysis of DNA barcodes, as well as external and genital morphology of adult specimens. Two new synonyms are established as follows: Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) = Nola candidalis Staudinger, 1892 syn. nov. and Nola shin Inoue, 1982 syn. nov. N. estonica occurs sympatrically with N. aerugula in Estonia, and with N. atomosa in South Korea and easternmost Russia. While the available data suggest a disjunct distribution of N. estonica (eastern Europe and the temperate Far East), it appears highly possible that the species has a wide transpalaearctic distribution.

Dunyoda tuproq unumdorligini tiklash, saqlash va oshirishga, ularda sodir bo’ladigan salbiy jarayonlarni oldini olish, tuproqlarni kimyovish, fizik-kimyoviy xossalarini tahlil qilish kabi masalalar bo’yicha ilmiy izlanishlar olib borilmoqda. Shuningdek tuproq qoplamini turli salbiy jarayonlarga chidamlilikni oshirish va ekologik toza maxsulot yetishtirishda organik dehqonchilikni yuritishni, tuproqqa organik, orgonomineral o’g’itlar, siderat, biogumus va biopreparatlar qo’llash orqali tuproqni organik moddaga boyitishga doir agrotexnologiyalar qo’llashga qaratilgan ilmiy-tadqiqotlarni amalga oshirishga alohida e‘tibor qaratilmoqda.

Ushbu maqolada muallif tomonidan kreativ qobiliyatni shakllantirish muammosi, uning nazariy asoslari va mazmuni yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada boshlang���ich sinf o���qituvchilarida kreativlik salohiyatini rivojlantirish metodlari va mazkur jarayon bilan bog���liq kasbiy pedagogik xususiyatlar haqida fikr yuritilgan, The article deals with the problem of the formation of the author's creative abilities, its theoretical foundations and content. The article also discusses methods for developing the creative potential of primary school teachers and related professional and pedagogical features.

The Black Sea is a large deep water basin on the border between European and Asian continents lying in the continental mid-latitude climate zone. Due to the prevailing westerlies during the year its climatic influence is better pronounced in the eastern border areas, however the sea is an important climatic factor for all borderline countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Turkey). The open plane in north direction enables the propagation of the Siberian High influence in winter. From the other side, the Mediterranean Sea influence is significant through the Mediterranean cyclones passing frequently the area.The impact of the Black Sea on the surrounding area is analyzed combining data from several different sources: atmospheric data from climate reanalysis and regular synoptic measurements in coastal meteorological stations, marine observations from in situ autonomous profilers and satellite data on ice coverage in winter time. The aim is to investigate the interannual-to-decadal variability of the thermal regime and the exchange of heat between atmosphere and sea. In addition, the relation to the intensity of the main climate centers of action (Siberian High and Mediterranean Low) is analyzed. The winter severity is defined in the different zones around the sea through the number of cold days and the connection with the sea temperature is studied.

The results of long-term faunistic studies of the noctuoid moths in the Baikal region and the literature review are presented. An annotated check-list including 83 species of the families Notodontidae, Erebidae, Nolidae, and Noctuidae is given. Data on the previous records of the species from the study region are given. The Noctuoidea fauna of Irkutsk Province comprises 462 species, that of the Republic of Buryatia, 419 species, and that of the Baikal region as a whole, 510 species. The distribution limits are expanded for 17 species of the Noctuoidea complex: the new eastern range boundary is established for 11 species of Erebidae and Noctuidae, and the new western one is established for 5 representatives of Notodontidae, Erebidae and Noctuidae. Two species, Actebia confinis (Staudinger, 1881) and Actebia confusa (Alpheraky, 1882), are new to the Russian fauna. The trophic associations of Phidrimana amurensis (Staudinger, 1892) are established: the larvae of this Euro-Siberian species feed on the leaves of different species of elms (Ulmus japonica Rehder, Ulmus pumila L.). Three noctuid species, Calyptra lata (Butler, 1881), Bryophila granitalis (Butler, 1881) and Cosmia trapezinula (Filipjev, 1927), with large disjunctions of their ranges are reported; these moths are apparently relicts of the Atlantic Period of the Holocene.

Background: The inaccurate estimation of language difficulties by teachers suggests the benefit of a short‐language measure that could be used to support their decisions about who requires referral to a speech–language therapist. While the literature indicates the potential for the development of a short‐language measure, evidence is lacking about which combination of language tasks it should include. Aims: To understand the number and nature of components/language tasks that should be included in a short‐language measure for children in the early school years. Methods & Procedures: Eight language tasks were administered to participants of the Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS) at ages 5 (n = 995) and 7 (n = 1217). These included six language tasks measured by an omnibus language measure (which comprised a direction‐following, morphological‐completion, sentence‐recall, sentence‐formation, syntactic‐understanding and word‐association task) and a non‐word repetition and a receptive vocabulary task, measured by two task‐specific language measures. Scores were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), the Bland and Altman method, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Outcomes & Results: PCA revealed one main component of language that was assessed by all language tasks. The most effective combination of two tasks that measured this component was a direction‐following and a sentence‐recall task. It showed the greatest agreement with an omnibus language measure and exceeded the criterion for good discriminant accuracy (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 91%, accuracy = 91%, at 1 SD (standard deviation) below the mean). Conclusions & Implications: Findings support the combination of a direction‐following and a sentence‐recall task to assess language ability effectively in the early school years. The results could justify the future production of a novel short‐language measure comprising a direction‐following and a sentence‐recall task to use as a screening tool in schools and to assess language ability in research participants.