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A novel topology multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) delta-sigma modulator is proposed for 20-km digital mobile fronthaul (MFH) in this article. In the proposed MASH structure, a newly designed feedback unit is combined with a traditional fourth-order sturdy MASH structure to enhance the noise-shaping capacity. The detailed comparison between the conventional fourth-order single delta-sigma modulator (SDSM) and the proposed new topology MASH is presented in a 512/1024 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system with the bandwidth of 1.125 GHz. The OFDM signal is quantized to two bits by SDSM/MASH analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), and this digitized signal is transmitted over 20-km single mode fiber (SMF) in 20-Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) system. The signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of the retrieved OFDM signal utilizing the proposed new topology MASH and the fourth-order SDSM ADCs are 38.7dB and 34.5dB, respectively. In the case of 1024-QAM PAM4 system, the error vector magnitude (EVM) floors of the proposed new topology MASH and the conventional fourth-order SDSM schemes are 1.64% and 1.96% over 20-km SMF transmission at off-line digital signal processing (DSP) reception, and 1.2 dB receiver sensitivity improvement is achieved.

Liver fibrosis represents a response to chronic liver injury. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are the most common chronic liver diseases, both with increasing incidence. Therefore, there is a great impetus for development of agents targeting these conditions. Accumulating data on possible treatment options for liver fibrosis are emerging in the literature. However, despite extensive research and much effort in the field, approved agents for liver fibrosis are still lacking. In this critical review, we have summarized the main data about specific treatment options for liver fibrosis gained from ongoing clinical trials, with an emphasis on efficacy and safety of these agents.

[EN] This is a meeting report of the 3rd Translational Hepatology Meeting held in Alicante, Spain, in October 2021. The meeting, which was organized by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH), provided an update on the recent advances in the field of basic and translational hepatology, with a particular focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis and end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., [ES] Este es el resumen de la 3aReunión de Hepatología Traslacional celebrada en Ali-cante, Espa˜na, en octubre de 2021. La reunión, organizada por la Asociación Espa˜nola para elEstudio del Hígado (AEEH), ofreció una actualización de los recientes avances en el campo dela Hepatología básica y traslacional, con un enfoque en los mecanismos moleculares y celularesy las dianas terapéuticas implicadas en la enfermedad del hígado graso asociada a disfunciónmetabólica (MAFLD), la esteatohepatitis asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASH), y las etapasterminales como la cirrosis y el carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC).

This is a meeting report of the 3rd Translational Hepatology Meeting held in Alicante, Spain, in October 2021. The meeting, which was organized by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH), provided an update on the recent advances in the field of basic and translational hepatology, with a particular focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis and end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Wandering spurs are a little-studied phenomenon seen in MASH and SQ-digital delta-sigma modulators. They take the form of frequency-modulated spurs which periodically appear in-band. Since modulators are often employed as divide ratio controllers in fractional-N phase lock loops, these spurs can feed into the output phase noise spectrum. In this paper, we explain the mechanism which creates the wandering spurs and offer a prediction for the behavior of these spurs in the MASH 1-1 modulator. Simulation results are presented which confirm our theoretical predictions. Enterprise Ireland Irish Research Council Science Foundation Ireland

A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) × 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0–10 days), grower (11–24 days) and finisher (25–35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.

This paper deals with determination of the ethanol concentration and its heating value (calorific value in local distilled Ethiopian Areki, which is extracted from Maize, Dagussa (Sorghum) and Gibto (Lupin). The primary target of this paper is assessing the energy potential of some locally produced Ethiopian alcohols by identifying the major parameters like ethanol concentration, calorific value and its acidity. The samples of Areki were prepared in one of the vending houses in Injibara Ethiopia and raw material used for their preparation was measured before preparation. The levels of ethanol concentration among the sample were determined using a UV/vis spectrophotometer. After calibrating with a standard sample (benzoic acid), the GCV of the alcohol samples was determined experimentally using an oxygen bomb calorimeter (IKA® Model C200 bomb Calorimeter). The quantitative analysis of ethanol in the sample was done by preparing an aqueous solution of ethanol to draw by means of absorbance versus concentration calibration line at a wavelength of 986 nm. The investigation shows that maximum and minimum percentages of ethanol concentration (%v/v) in the samples were found for dagim maize (50.17%) and dagim lupin Areki(26.64%), respectively. The gross calorific value of local distilled areki ranges from 6.616 MJ/kg-13.1432 MJ/kg. The highest GCV was obtained by dagim maize alcohol due to the higher ethanol content and dagim lupin alcohol with a small ethanol concentration has the lowest GCV. According to the findings, dagim alcohols extracted from sorghum and maize have high potential energy and can be blended with other fossil fuels with little purification.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. In 2014 Professor Tim Hope stated that he would “give up the police service”, proposing that the “police service should merge thoroughly with health, ambulance and fire services to become a harm-response service”. This article examines the practicalities of such a proposal, considering different aspects within policing that require multi-agency co-operation and whether that could be replaced by unification. It concludes that in all instances, bar one notable exception in the form of mental health response, the police necessarily stand apart from other agencies for good reason and that unification would be counterproductive to Hope’s aims.

Recent developments within Infrastructural Road Safety and especially in the Sector of Vehicle Restraint Systems (VRS) have enabled Transport Authorities to significantly reduce road fatalities and severe injuries. Predominantly, two authorities have established leading guidelines for VRS installation and maintenance, - the European Union (EU) and the United States. The guidelines for the State of Qatar are based on these two sources. This technical paper briefly reviews the aforementioned guidelines, highlights the additional items in the EU guidelines, and explains the evolution of the State of Qatar guidelines accordingly. Moreover, this paper explains the application of VRS guidelines to the road network of the State of Qatar by presenting evidences from a recent site visit to the highways/expressways in the Northern Part of the Qatari Road Network. The outcomes of the site visit mainly highlight the typical steel VRS applied alongside the road (lateral as well as in central reserve, median), crash cushions, and various terminal systems. The paper is aiming to support designers, planners, auditors, contractors and installers to improve road safety from the VRS point of view.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.

This study was conducted to compare effects of 3 physical forms of feed including mash (diet 1), pellet (diet 2) and complete feed block (CFB; diet 3) on digestion, fermentation and performance of lambs. Twenty-one lambs with an initial average body weight of 26 ± 2.5 kg and 6 ± 1.5 months of age were assigned through a completely randomized design to 3 treatments and 7 replicates. The experimental treatments had the same formulation. The results of present experiment showed that CFB significantly increased feed intake and nutrient digestibility (P 0.05), except acetic acid (P

В данной статье рассмотрены исследования и результаты проведенных опытов по выращиванию маша в качестве повторных культур. Целью научных исследований является выбор начальных источников создания высокоурожайных культур, устойчивых к болезням. Далее даны сведения о возбудителе болезни аскохитоз и влиянии химических средств на данное заболевание: выявлено уменьшение урожая в контрольном варианте на 23.4%, в варианте Титул 300 л/га 14.4%, в варианте Титул 350 л/га 9.5% и в варианте Титул 400 л/га 12.1%. В основном в контрольном варианте процент болезни составляет 10.1%, в самом низком варианте 3 6.9%. Эффективность применения фунгицидов в борьбе против болезни составила 66%.

Овес — широко распространенная в России культура, перспективная для применения в пищевой промышленности для замены более дорогих злаковых культур: пшеницы, ячменя и др. Помимо низкой себестоимости, преимущество овса заключается в наличии белка, не обладающего аллергенными свойствами. Однако, высокое содержание в овсе некрахмальных полисахаридов приводит к ряду технологических сложностей. В пивоварении применение овсяного солода или несоложеного овса существенно повышает вязкость затора, затрудняет фильтрацию пива, способствует образованию помутнения конечного продукта, снижает экстрактивность сусла. Для эффективного гидролиза основных некрахмальных полисахаридов овса применяют ферментные препараты (ФП), способные гидролизовать β-глюкан, целлюлозу и арабиноксилан. Целью работы стало исследование эффективности комплексного ферментного препарата (КФП) на основе нового мутантного штамма T. reesei-Со-44 в процессе приготовления овсяного сусла в сравнении с коммерческим мультиэнзимным препаратом ЦеллоЛюкс-А. Затирание проводили с использованием 100% овсяного солода или смеси 75% овсяного солода с 25% овсяной муки при гидромодуле 1:3, ФП вносили в начале процесса затирания. Результаты эксперимента оценивали по вязкости осахаренных заторов, а также содержанию сухих веществ (СВ) и восстанавливающих сахаров (ВС) в первом сусле. Внесение ФП способствовало улучшению показателей сусла, наибольший эффект наблюдали в вариантах с добавлением муки из несоложеного овса. Выход ВС увеличивался почти в 2 раза, содержание СВ в первом сусле — на 10%. По снижению вязкости КФП существенно превосходил коммерческий аналог: вязкость затора из 100% солода при использовании нового препарата снижалась более чем в 1,5 раза по сравнению с контролем, а при обработке ФП ЦеллоЛюкс-А — на 20%. Вязкость осахаренного затора из смеси солода и несоложеного овса, обработанного КФП, была на 10% ниже вязкости затора из 100% солода без дополнительных ферментов. Полученные результаты показали перспективность применения комплексного ферментного препарата на основе нового штамма T. reesei-Со-44 при обработке заторов из овса и овсяного солода., Oats is a widespread culture in Russia, promising for use in the food industry to replace more expensive cereal crops: wheat, barley, etc. In addition to low cost, the advantage of oats is a protein that does not possess allergenic properties. However, the high content of non-starch polysaccharides in oats leads to a number of technological difficulties. In brewing, the use of oat malt or unmalted oats significantly increases the viscosity of the mash, complicates the filtration of beer, promotes the formation of haze of the final product, reduces the wort extractivity. To efficiently hydrolyze the main non-starch polysaccharides of oats, enzyme preparations (EP) are used that can hydrolyze β-glucan, cellulose and arabinoxylan. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of a complex enzyme preparation (CEP) from the new mutant strain T. reesei-Co-44 in the obtaining of oat wort in comparison with the commercial multi-enzyme preparation CelloLux-A. Mashing was carried out using 100% oat malt or a mixture of 75% oat malt with 25% oatmeal at a hydro module 1:3; the EP were added at the beginning of the mashing process.The results of the experiment were evaluated by the viscosity of saccharified mashes, as well as by the dry matter (DM) and reducing sugars (RS) content in the first worts. The introduction of EP contributed to the improvement of the wort parameters, the greatest effect was observed in variants with the addition of unmalted oats flour. The RS yield increased almost 2 times, the DM content in the first wort — by 10%. In terms of viscosity decrease, CEP significantly exceeded the commercial analogue: the viscosity of the mash from 100% malt was reduced by more than 1.5 times when using the new preparation, compared to the control, and when using CelloLux-A — by 20 %. The viscosity of saccharified mash from the mixture of malt and unmalted oats treated with CEP was 10% below the viscosity of the mash from 100% malt without additional enzymes. The results obtained showed the perspective of application of the complex enzyme preparation from new T. reesei-Co-44 strain in processing of oats and oat malt mashes.

В работе изучали применение минеральных и микробиологических жидких удобрений при возделывании маша. Материалом в опыте были два сортообразца из коллекции ВИР к-11749 (Индия) и к-12208 (Индия). Провели обработку семян маша перед посевом минеральными и микробиологическими удобрениями. В фазы бутонизации и цветения-плодообразования провели некорневую подкормку опытных вариантов 0,5% раствором минеральных удобрений. Контроль семена и растения без обработки. Анализ снопового материала показал, что применение минеральных удобрений оказывает стимулирующее действие на рост и развитие растений маша. Обработка семян микробиологическими удобрениями основе штаммов Bacillus subtillus и Bradyrirhizobium yaponicum оказали угнетающее действие на рост и развитие растений маша. Инокуляции ризосферы этими организмами не произошло, симбиотических клубеньков на корневой системе не обнаружено. Внесения минеральных элементов, применённые в агротехнике маша позволят раскрыть и полнее реализовать потенциал этой культуры., The work studied the use of mineral and microbiological liquid fertilizers in the cultivation of Masha. Material in experience was two sample from the VIR collection to-11749 (India) and 12208 (India). Masha’s seeds were treated before sowing with mineral and microbiological fertilizers. In the phase of budding and flowering-fruit formation, foliar feeding of experimental variants with 0.5% solution of mineral fertilizers was carried out. Control-seeds and plants without treatment. Analysis of the sheaf material showed that the use of mineral fertilizers has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of Masha plants. Seed treatment with microbiological fertilizers based on Bacillus subtillus and Bradyrirhizobium yaponicum strains had a depressing effect on the growth and development of Masha plants. Inoculation of the rhizosphere by these organisms did not occur, no symbiotic nodules were found on the root system. Application of mineral elements used in agricultural machinery Masha will reveal and fully realize the potential of this culture.

В статье приведены результаты изучения новой сельскохозяйственной культуры разнообразного использования маша (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) в Среднем Поволжье. С 2013 по 2016 годы изучали сортообразцы этой культуры из коллекции ФГБНУ Федерального исследовательского центра Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Ваваилова и выделили для изучения в экологических условиях региона семь образцов ранне и среднеспелых по созреванию. Изучен цикл развития растений, в результате установлено, что ритмические процессы стабильны, приспособлены к местным климатическим условиям, жизненная форма куст, продуктивны, самосева не образует, но успешно размножается искусственным путем. Сортообразцы в коллекционных питомниках оценивались по ряду показателей: продолжительность вегетационного периода, продуктивность, устойчивость к вредоносным организмам, к стрессовым факторам среды. Изучили влияние абиотических факторов на продолжительность периода посев всходы, установили, что лимитирующим абиотическим фактором при возделывании маша в Средневолжском регионе, одновременно с влагообеспеченностью, является прогревание почвенного слоя на глубине заделки семян. Особое внимание уделяли устойчивости к недостатку влаги в сочетании с высокой температурой воздуха. Изучен комплекс показателей водного режима, его динамика в течение временного периода бутонизация-плодообразование позволяет характеризовать устойчивость сортообразцов маша к недостаточной влагообеспеченности. Выявлена положительная корреляционная зависимость между водоудерживающей способностью и урожаем r = 0,62, и массой 1000 семян r = 0,39 в фазу плодообразования. Показатель «водоудерживающая способность» может быть использован для дифференциации изучаемых сортообразцов по продуктивности в условиях водного стресса., The article presents the results of studying a new agricultural crop of various uses of masha (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in the Middle Volga region. From 2013 to 2016, studied varieties of this culture from the collection of the FGBIO of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. N.I.Vaivilov and have defined for study in the environmental conditions of the region seven samples of early and mid-maturing in maturation. The cycle of plant development has been studied, as a result it has been established that rhythmic processes are stable, adapted to local climatic conditions, life form bush, productive, self-sowing does not form, but successfully propagates artificially. Sortoobraztsy in the collection nurseries were evaluated for a number of indicators: the duration of the vegetation period, productivity, resistance to harmful organisms, to stressful environmental factors. They studied the influence of abiotic factors on the duration of the period (crops shoots) and found that the limiting abiotic factor in the cultivation of the Vigna radiata in the Middle Volga region, along with moisture availability, is the warming of the soil layer at the depth of seeding. Particular attention was paid to resistance to lack of moisture in combination with high air temperature. The complex of indices of the water regime has been studied, its dynamics during the time period of budding-fruit formation makes it possible to characterize the resistance of marsh varieties to insufficient moisture supply. A positive correlation between water retention capacity and yield r = 0.62 and a weight of 1000 seeds r = 0.39 in the phase of fruit formation was revealed. The indicator «water-retaining capacity» can be used to differentiate the studied variety samples by productivity in conditions of water stress.

peer-reviewed, The aim of this study was to investigate the physical quality of a selected lot of twenty animal feed samples collected in Italy and Serbia. Granulation of cattle and pig feed was finer in Italian than in Serbian samples. Flowability of samples from both countries in mash form were rated from fair to good (angle of repose >30°) while granulated samples (pellets and extrudates) had improved flowability (angle of repose 10 kg) than pelleted products (, This study is part of the FEEDNEEDS project a GRANDE RILEVAZA Italian-Serbian bilateral project funded by the Italian Ministero degli Affari Esteri e per la Cooperazione Internazionale, coordinated by Prof. Luciano Pinotti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.