Search

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges that humankind shall face in the short term. (Bacterio)phage therapy is a valuable therapeutic alternative to antibiotics and, although the concept is almost as old as the discovery of phages, its wide application was hindered in the West by the discovery and development of antibiotics in the mid-twentieth century. However, research on phage therapy is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the antimicrobial resistance problem. Some countries are already adopting new ad hoc regulations to favor the short-term implantation of phage therapy in clinical practice. In this regard, the Phage Therapy Work Group from FAGOMA (Spanish Network of Bacteriophages and Transducing Elements) recently contacted the Spanish Drugs and Medical Devices Agency (AEMPS) to promote the regulation of phage therapy in Spain. As a result, FAGOMA was asked to provide a general view on key issues regarding phage therapy legislation. This review comes as the culmination of the FAGOMA initiative and aims at appropriately informing the regulatory debate on phage therapy.

Understanding and monitoring coastal currents and sea-level variability play a key role in the management of coastal areas and activities of high socio-economic and environmental impact developed in the coastal fringe, all of them affected by the current climate change scenario. In this context, one of the main challenges of coastal altimetry is to achieve observations of the sea surface close to land. In coastal zones, altimetry signals are affected by the presence of land within the footprint of the instrument. Besides, derived oceanographic parameters, such as surface current velocities, are partially controlled by local agents, as small-scale wind variability and abrupt bathymetry. The former issue is partially solved by advances in new retracking processing, which allow obtaining accurate measurements up to 3 km from land. The second point must be addressed by the development of local corrections. In this work, surface geostrophic current velocities derived from CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3A/B altimetry data have been successfully corrected with a wind correction derived from a high-resolution wind speed data from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The total surface currents have been used to study the coastal circulation of the Gulf of Cádiz (southwestern Iberian Peninsula), from January to December, 2020. Total surface velocities were previously validated with high-frequency (HF) radar in the study area, obtaining solid statistical scores (correlations up to 0.95 and root mean square errors lower than 10 cm/s), up to 3 km from the coastline. The results and methodology presented state the need of understanding local agents for exploiting altimetric data for coastal oceanographic purposes. Besides, it shows the possibilities of using altimetric data in any coastal location where no other observing systems are available.

Surface wind is an essential variable for the study of ocean dynamics. It is one of the main agents responsible for driving ocean surface currents since it is directly related to the generation of mechanisms such as Ekman’s currents. The role of the surface winds is especially relevant in complex coastal areas such as the Gulf of Cadiz (southwestern of the Iberian Peninsula), where the wind field is highly variable in the spatio-temporal domain. Therefore, improving weather models to accurately simulate the wind speed in complex areas is needed for the study of both the ocean and the associated climate variability. Unlike in-situ data from weather stations and buoys, which allow the evaluation of the temporal evolution of the model’s simulations, wind speed from satellite altimetry enable the analysis of the spatial variability of the wind speed along the satellite track over the ocean. This work presents the capabilities of wind speed (WS) retrievals from the altimeters on-board satellites Sentinel-3A/B (S3A/B) for the spatial validation of WS outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the complex coastal area of the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC). In order to assess the applicability of the altimetry data for this purpose, comparisons between three different WS data sources over the GoC area were evaluated: in-situ measurements, S3A/B altimetry data at 20 Hz of posting rate and the WRF model output. Outputs from the WRF model over the area were evaluated with in-situ data, with satisfactory results (WS bias < 0.75 m/s) over the different locations. The spatial variability of the WS derived from the WRF model was compared with the along-track altimetryderived WS. The analysis was carried out under different wind synoptic conditions. Qualitative and quantitative results (average RMSE < 1.0 m/s) proved the agreement between both data sets under low/high wind regimes, proving that the spatial coverage of satellite altimetry enables the spatial validation of high-resolution numerical weather prediction models in water-covered surfaces, including coastal areas. This work aims to fostering the use of altimetry data for improving the knowledge of the wind speed and sea surface circulation over complex areas where the availability of in-situ measurements is limited or inexistent. We have shown how the spatial coverage of satellite altimetry enables the spatial validation of high-resolution NWP models in any water-covered surface of the world, including coastal areas, a feature that sets altimetry apart from any other data source.

Background: Venetoclax is a drug that targets BCL-2 protein in cancer cells, first approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, this drug has showed efficacy also in acute myeloid leukemia in non-intense chemotherapy candidates in combination with hypomethylating agents as azacitidine and decitabine. This scheme has shown efficiency in acute myeloid leukemia reporting overall response rate (CR) in 61% in untreated elderly patients combined with azacitidine or decitabine. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 30%, thrombocytopenia in 47%, and serious infections in 33%. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon hematologic disorder caused by a proinflammatory state manifested by cytopenias and elevation of acute phase reactants; it is a severe complication of some diseases and to our knowledge it has never been reported secondary to venetoclax plus azacitidine. Early treatment is fundamental for success in HLH. Case series: Three cases of HLH secondary to venetoclax plus azacitidine have appeared in our medical group in patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia. One elderly woman and elderly men with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia presented HLH with laboratory and bone marrow findings, both responded to dexamethasone plus ruxolitinib. The third case was documented in a male diagnosed with blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia who also responded to dexamethasone plus ruxolitinib. No patient died from HLH. Conclusion: Here we report three cases of patients with HLH after the treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax. We suspect that the great effect of venetoclax in synergy with azacitidine can liberate enough proinflammatory cytokines in the medullar niche to induce HLH. Early recognition is vital for soon treatment and successful management of this potential complication.

District heating (DH) systems are key systems for the de-carbonization of heating energy in European Cities. In order to allow for this transition, while guaranteeing competitive energy costs, conversion of DHs is required. DH operation temperature needs to be reduced in order to increase the performance of renewable systems and operation criteria needs to be adopted for the introduction of weather-dependent, distributed heat sources such as solar systems. This paper presents the RELaTED decentralized Ultra-Low Temperature DH network scheme, and its adaptation to several operational schemes such as new and existing DH networks, with different levels of complexity. Transitory phases in the conversion process are discussed. European Commission's H2020, 768567, RELaTED

We compute the contributions to rare top decays $t\rightarrow cZ$ and $t\rightarrow ch_1$ from the scalar sector in the 2HDM type III with CP violation, where $h_1$ is the Standard Model Higgs boson. The branching ratio for $BR(t\rightarrow c Z)$ and $BR(t\rightarrow c h_1)$ are obtained as a function of the model parameters. In particular, the $BR(t\rightarrow c Z)$ can increase its value up to $10^{-3}$ for $\tan\beta= 1$ and masses for the additional Higgs bosons of $m_{h_2,h_3,H^\pm}\sim 0.5$ TeV. Meanwhile $BR(t\rightarrow c h_1)$ can reach values of the order of $\sim10^{-2}$. We constrain the model parameters (mixing angles of the neutral scalar fields in the CP violation context and $\tan\beta$) using the reported values of the signal strengths $R_{XX}$ and $b \rightarrow s \gamma$ process., Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures

Models beyond the Standard Model with extra scalars have been highly motivated by the recent discovery of a Higgs boson. The Two Higgs Doublet Model Type III considers the most general case for the scalar potential, allowing mixing between neutral CP-even and CP-odd scalar fields. This work presents the results of the study on the $t\rightarrow c��$ decay at one loop level if neutral flavor changing is generated by top-charm-Higgs coupling given by the Yukawa matrix. For instance, a value for the branching ratio $Br(t\rightarrow c��)\sim 10^{-6}$ for $\tan��=2.5$ and general neutral Higgs mixing parameters, $1.16\leq��_1\leq1.5$, $-0.48\leq��_2\leq-0.1$. The number of events for the $t\rightarrow c ��$ decay with an integrated luminosity of 300 $fb^{-1}$ is estimated as $10\lesssim N_{Eff}\lesssim 100$ for the parameters of the model constrained by experimental data., 12 pages, 12 figures

This paper presents an overview of the studies in non-nickeliferous weathering crusts initiated more than six decades ago in Eastern Cuba. This overview is based on a detailed literature review and a descriptive-critical discussion on these studies with the main objective of highlighting their achievements and failures. These investigations were motivated by the existence of large mineral deposits associated with different types of weathering crusts in this region and were mainly focused on finding bauxites. However, prospects could not be delineated because the alumina contents in these geological objects were below those required to classify them as bauxites. This limited the evaluation of the possibilities of assimilating these crusts in such industries as the ceramic, construction and refractory, among others, which can contribute significantly to the sustainable local development. Generally, in all these investigations there is an absence of solid mineralogical and geochemical criteria for the characterization and classification of different aluminium-rich weathering crusts. The SiO2-Al2O3- Fe2O3 contents in the region show that most of the weathering crusts as ferrosialitic. There are possibilities of finding sialitic, ferrallitic and allitic types in Cayo Guam, Centeno, Quesigua, Puriales de Caujeri, Quemado del Negro and Cantarrana. In overview, the level of study of the non-nickeliferous weathering crusts widely developed on gabbros, volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in Eastern Cuba is relatively low. Further investigations including detailed profile sampling, chemical and mineralogical analyses in Téneme, Centeno, Cayo Guam, Quemado del Negro and Cantarrana are proposed which, in our opinion, are perspectives for allitic deposits.

Rear-ventilated rainscreen fa��ade insulation systems are becoming a popular retrofit solution in Southern European climates, due to their good thermal performance in both winter and summer conditions. In these assemblies, the substructure of the new cladding is anchored to the original building, thus puncturing the thermal insulation. This study assesses the impact of such thermal bridges on the overall thermal performance of the external wall. The renovation of a conventional Spanish wall construction with a ventilated fa��ade is used as a case study, featuring an anchoring system with L-shaped aluminium brackets. Two scenarios have been assessed: in the first one these brackets are fixed onto both the reinforced concrete slabs and the existing brickwork of the building, while in the second one they are anchored solely to the structural slabs. Simplified one-dimensional calculations are compared with two- and three-dimensional numerical models. Results indicate that anchoring elements can account for a substantial increase in heat flow. If the additional heat transfer through the anchoring elements is not taken into account, the energy savings delivered by the renovation could be considerably lower than expected by calculations, resulting in an increase of energy consumption over predicted values.

Rear-ventilated rainscreen façade insulation systems are becoming a popular retrofit solution in Southern European climates, due to their good thermal performance in both winter and summer conditions. In these assemblies, the substructure of the new cladding is anchored to the original building, thus puncturing the thermal insulation. This study assesses the impact of such thermal bridges on the overall thermal performance of the external wall. The renovation of a conventional Spanish wall construction with a ventilated façade is used as a case study, featuring an anchoring system with L-shaped aluminium brackets. Two scenarios have been assessed: in the first one these brackets are fixed onto both the reinforced concrete slabs and the existing brickwork of the building, while in the second one they are anchored solely to the structural slabs. Simplified one-dimensional calculations are compared with two- and three-dimensional numerical models. Results indicate that anchoring elements can account for a substantial increase in heat flow. If the additional heat transfer through the anchoring elements is not taken into account, the energy savings delivered by the renovation could be considerably lower than expected by calculations, resulting in an increase of energy consumption over predicted values.

Along the development of society, many research activities are conducted on the development of novel materials, which are ultimately targeted at improving the quality of life of building users. For each particular development, assessment procedures need to be defined, based on the expected performance of materials, considering its final impact in the building where they are installed. In this work, a specification and assessment framework is proposed at building, construction system and material scale. The type of information for a proper specification is provided, and a set of test typologies are given for each development scales. Furthermore, the link of this procedure with technology readiness roadmaps is provided. Finally two case studies of full scale assessments are provided for different products: a novel aerogel material, and an industrialized timber component with hemp-based products.

There isn't definitive and consistent data concerning the distribution of bacterial species in patients with Chronic Sinusitis (CS). The variability of the results from studies in CS may be due to the different techniques used as collection method, variations in culture methods, previous antibiotic use, and difficulty in distinguishing bacterial flora from pathogenic agents.Study designClinical prospective.AimTo identify the incidence of microorganisms in patients with CRS by growing bacteria from the secretion of the maxillary sinus.Patients and MethodsCross-sectional study in 62 patients that had undergone FESS for treatment of chronic sinusitis; cultures from the maxillary sinus were obtained.Results62 samples, 33 (53.2%) had no growth; 29 (45.2%) counts of aerobic bacteria; one case (1.6%) of fungus growth; we did not find anaerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the one more frequently found - 8 samples (27.6%), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 samples each; Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3 samples (10.4%); other Gram negative agents in 17 samples (31%).ConclusionIn the present study we concluded that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other Gram negatives bacteria and Staphylococcus spp were the representatives of the bacterial flora found in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CS.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The prevalence of Candida spp. as commensal of the oral cavity can reach 70%. However, oral cavity colonization not always culminates in oral candidiasis, however it can be considered a preliminary condition for the development of it. Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection among individuals with HIV, due the result of immune deficiency. Considering the importance of this type of infection in HIV-positive, we proposed to carry out this work with the following objectives: determine the frequency of HIV positive individuals colonized by Candida spp., Candida species isolated; determine the main predisposing factors for oral colonization by Candida spp., to relate the microbial load of colonization with the count of lymphocytes TCD4+, viral load and antiretroviral therapy used at the time of collection; determine the sensitivity of isolates of Candida spp. antifungal fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin, by the methodology of disk diffusion and search for the exoenzymes proteinases, phospholipases, hemolysin and DNase in isolates of Candida spp. From May to October 2012 saliva samples from HIV patients attended at Clinical Hospital - Federal University of Uberlândia and HIV negative individuals were collected, which were seeded onto plates containing Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and CHROMagar Candida plates and incubated in a bacteriological incubator at 30ºC for 72 hours. The identification of the isolates was done by classical methodology, using chromogenic agar and assimilation of carbon sources and nitrogen, the differentiation between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans was made by PCR. Candida spp. were isolated from 89 of the 147 patients studied, a total of 111 isolates, C. albicans the most common species among the isolates (67.6%). The average colony count was 8.8x10³ CFU/mL. In the control group 51 of the 150 saliva samples were positive for Candida, obtained 57 isolates, of which 77.2% were C. albicans. The average of CFU/mL was 9.8x10². The predisposing factors for oral colonization were use of antibiotics and oral prosthesis and a low CD4 + cells count and high viral load. The combined use of antiretroviral class of reverse transcriptase inhibitors had a greater protective effect on the colonization than the use of these drugs associated with protease inhibitors. The nystatin antifungal, voriconazole and amphotericin B showed the highest number of samples of Candida spp. sensitive in both groups followed by fluconazole and itraconazole. The phospholipase production was observed in 69.3% and 72.6% of the isolates from the group of patients and HIV negative, respectively. The production of haemolysin by isolates of HIV positive and non-positive patients, respectively, was to 98.2% and 96.5%, DNAse was produced by 27% and 21% of the isolates from patients and non-patients of HIV. Finally, with the exception of DNAse, there was no statistically significant difference between isolates from the two study groups in the characters studied. A prevalência de Candida spp. como comensal da cavidade oral pode chegar a 70%. Entretanto, a colonização da cavidade oral nem sempre culmina na candidíase bucal, porém pode ser considerada uma condição preliminar para o desenvolvimento da mesma. A candidiase bucal é a infecção fúngica mais comum entre os indivíduos portadores do HIV, resultado do comprometimento imunológico dos mesmos. Considerando a importância desse tipo de infecção em HIV positivos, propusemos a realização do presente trabalho com os seguintes objetivos: determinar a frequência de indivíduos HIV positivos colonizados por Candida spp., bem como as espécies de Candida isoladas; determinar os principais fatores predisponentes para a colonização oral por Candida spp., relacionar a carga microbiana de colonização com a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+, carga viral e terapia antirretroviral utilizada no momento da coleta; determinar a sensibilidade dos isolados de Candida spp. aos antifúngicos fluconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol, anfotericina B e nistatina, pela metodologia de difusão de disco e pesquisar as exoenzimas proteinases, fosfolipases, DNAse e hemolisina nos isolados de Candida spp. No período de maio a outubro de 2012 foram coletadas amostras de saliva de portadores do HIV atendidos no HC-UFU e de indivíduos HIV negativos, as quais foram semeadas em placas contendo Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose e em placas com CHROMágar Candida e incubadas em estufa bacteriológica à 30ºC por 72 horas. A identificação dos isolados foi feita pela metodologia clássica, utilização de ágar cromogênico e assimilação de fontes de carbono e nitrogênio, sendo a diferenciação de C. albicans e C. dubliniensis feita através de PCR. Os testes de sensibilidade e pesquisa de fatores de virulência foram feitos conforme descrito no documento da CLSI (2009) e na literatura. Candida spp. foram isoladas de 89 dos 147 pacientes estudados, totalizando 111 isolados, sendo C. albicans a espécie mais freqüente entre os isolados (67,6%). A contagem média de colônias foi de 8,8x103 UFC/mL. Já no grupo controle 51 das 150 amostras de saliva foram positivas para gênero Candida, obtendo 57 isolados, dos quais 77,2% eram C. albicans. A média de UFC/mL foi de 9,8x10². Os fatores predisponentes para colonização bucal foram uso de antibióticos e prótese oral, bem como uma baixa contagem de CD4+ e alta carga viral. O uso combinado de antirretrovirais da classe dos inibidores de trancriptase reversa apresentou um maior efeito protetor para a colonização do que o uso desses medicamentos associados com inibidores de protease. Os antifúngicos nistatina, voriconazol e anfotericina B apresentaram o maior número de amostras de Candida spp. sensíveis em ambos os grupos, seguidos pelo fluconazol e itraconazol. A produção de fosfolipase foi observada em 69,3% e 72,6% dos isolados provenientes do grupo de pacientes e de HIV negativos, respectivamente. Proteinase foi produzida por 77,5% e 90,7% das espécies de Candida obtidas do grupo de pacientes e de HIV negativos, respectivamente. A produção de hemolisina pelos isolados do grupo de HIV positivos e não portadores, respectivamente, foi igual a 98,2% e 96,5%. DNAse foi produzida por 27% e 21% dos isolados proveniente dos pacientes e dos não HIV. Por fim, com exceção da DNAse, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os isolados dos dois grupos de estudo em relação às características estudadas. Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

Orientadores: Maria Luiza Moretti, Angélica Zaninelli Schreiber Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: Introdução: os fungos do gênero Fusarium são ubíquos no meio ambiente e causam doenças em plantas e aos seres humanos. Objetivos: 1)estabelecer o protocolo para a coleta e o isolamento de Fusarium spp. no ar; 2)isolar fungos do gênero Fusarium do ar da enfermaria de Hematologia e da Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) no Hospital de Clínicas (HC) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) e comparar a relação genética de isolados ambientais de Fusarium spp. com os isolados a partir de hemoculturas de rotina diagnóstica de pacientes hospitalizados durante os anos de 2002 a 2013, 3)identificar os fungos do gênero Fusarium ao nível de complexo de espécies por PCR em tempo real, e ao nível de espécie pelo sequenciamento de fragmento do gene EF1?. Metodologia: foram colhidas amostras de ar nas unidades de TMO (que possui controle de ar através de filtros HEPA e fluxo de ar de pressão positiva) e na Hematologia (unidade sem controle do ar) do HC. De 2006 a 2013 foram identificados 18 isolados de Fusarium spp. em culturas de sangue. A coleta de ar foi realizada através do amostrador de ar BioSamp modelo MBS 1000D (YotsubishiCorp Japão). Um meio de cultura seletivo para Fusarium (Agar Komada com modificações) foi usado na placa de Petri dentro do amostrador de ar. O volume de ar de 1000 mL e 500 mL foram aspirados da Hematologia e enfermarias de TMO, respectivamente. Após o tempo de incubação, as colônias que cresceram nas placas foram avaliadas macroscopicamente e microscopicamente para identificação morfológica. Fusarium spp. foram identificados através de um novo ensaio de PCR em tempo real composto por dois ensaios de PCR em tempo real: um específico para o gênero Fusarium e um ensaio específico para detecção específica do complexo de espécies de Fusarium solani (FSSC). Para confirmar o complexo de espécies de Fusarium, uma região parcial do gene EF-1? foi sequenciado. O alinhamento das sequências foi realizado no programa Clustal W e a análise filogenética utilizou o programa Mega5 com o algorítimo Neighbor-Joininge Bootstrap de 1000 replicatas. Resultado: foram isoladas 108 cepas de Fusarium spp. destes 28% na unidade de TMO e 78% na Hematologia. Os complexos de espécies encontrados foram: 10% FCSC, 21% FIESC, 1% FOSC, 12% FSSC, 51% GFSC e 5% não definido. Na TMO a maior prevalência foi da espécie Fusarium solani (9/30 isolados) e na Hematologia Fusarium verticillioides (25/31 isolados). Não foi possível constatar relevância entre a temperatura e umidade do ar em relação ao aumento ou diminuição de isolados nas coletas. Nove isolados FSSC do ar e 8 de sangue apresentaram BT 99%. Conclusão. Os dados de análise filogenética sugeriram que os isolados de sangue de pacientes e ambientais foram similares sugerindo que o ambiente pôde representar uma fonte potencial de infecção para os pacientes imunodeprimidos Abstract: Introduction:the fungus Fusarium are ubiquitous in the environment and cause diseases in plants and humans. Objectives: isolate fungi Fusarium in the air of the ward Hematology and Unit of Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) at the Hospital de Clinicas (HC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), compare the phylogenetic relationship of environmental isolates of Fusarium spp .with isolates from blood cultures of routine diagnosis of hospitalized patients during the years 2002-2013, to establish protocol for the collection and isolation of Fusarium spp. in the air, identify the fungi Fusarium species complex level by real time PCR, and to species level by sequencing the fragment EF1 ? gene. Methodology: air sample was collected in BMT units (which has control of air through HEPA filters and air flow positive pressure) and Hematology (there is not self control air inlet) HC. From 2006 to 2013, 18 samples obtained from blood cultures with the presence of Fusarium spp. were added to study the relationship between degree of molecular clinical isolates isolated from the air. The air sampling was performed using the Bio air sampler Samp MBS model 1000D (Yotsubishi Corp. Japan). A selective medium for Fusarium (Komada Agar changes by Y. Mikami, Chiba University) was used in the petri dish in the air sampler. The air volume of 1000 mL and 500 mL were aspirated Hematology and BMT wards, respectively. After the incubation time, colonies that grew on the plates were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically for morphological identification. Fusarium spp. were identified by PCR of a new system in real time according to Muraosa et al. comprising two PCR assays in real time: the specific assay Fusarium and a specific assay for specific detection of Fusarium solani (FSSC) complex. To confirm the complex of Fusarium species, a partial region of the EF-1? gene was sequenced. The alignment of sequences was performed in Clustal W program and phylogenetic analysis used Mega5 program with the neighbor-joining algorithm and bootstrap 1000 replicates. Results: 108 ceepas Fusarium spp were isolated. 28% of these isolates form the BMT unit and 78% in Hematology. Overall the species complexes ficarm divided as follows: 10% FCSC, 21% FIESC 1% FOSC, FSSC 12%, 51% and 5% GFSC nd not defined). In the BMT was higher prevalence of the species Fusariu solani (9/30 isolates) and the Hematology espéciecom largest presence is Fusarium verticillioides (25/31 isolates). Unable to find relevance between temperature and air humidity in relation to the increase or decrease in collections of isolates. Nine isolates of Fusarium solani air obtained from the same source ancestras 8 Fusarium solani isolates from blood (BT 99%). Conclusion:Fusarium spp were isolated in 108 environmental samples en all evaluated environments. Phylogenetically findings suggest equivalence between environmental isolates and isolates from the blood of patients. The collection protocol set showed satisfactory for the specific isolation of Fusarium result. The findings of Fusarium were grouped into complexes FSSC and FSSC not the technique of real-time PCR and sequencing of the gene EF1? allowed to classify the isolates in the species level Mestrado Clínica Médica Mestre em Ciências