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This dataset is related to the scientific publication "Age-related changes in upper limb motion during typical development" that can be found under the link 10.1371/journal.pone.0198524 by Simon-Martienz et al (2018). This data contains single subject kinematic and spatiotemporal parameter data, whereby each row is a single subject. As the study investigate the age-related changes in kinematic and spatiotemporal characterics of upper limb motion, the data regarding age is also provided. Other specific questions can be addressed to the first author (cristina.simon@kuleuven.be). Enjoy! Cristina

Objective: Update on plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in the field of orthopedic surgery and traumatology. Method: Review of 136 studies on PRGF relevant in the field of orthopedic surgery and traumatology published in the last 10 years. Results: The largest number of studies on PRGF has been performed in the field of osteoarthritis of the knee (25%), followed closely by the comparative studies between PRGF and hyaluronic acid (19%). The studies on ligamentous and tendinous pathology (14%), the joint pathology different from the knee (10%).The remaining studies addressed pseudoarthrosis, osteonecrosis and nerve regeneration among others. The most commonly used platelet products were Plasma Rich in Platelets (73%), Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (15%) and Plasma Rich in Fibrin (12%). Conclusions: To document the preparation of platelet prod-ucts, establish the precise concentration of growth factors and carry out long-term follow-up is es-sential for future studies.

Neoadjuvant therapy is the cornerstone of modern rectal cancer treatment. Insights into the biology of tumor responses are essential for the successful implementation of organ-preserving strategies, as different treatments may lead to specific tumor responses. In this study, we aim to explore treatment-specific responses of the tumor microenvironment. Patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum who had received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT), neo-adjuvant radiotherapy with a long-interval (LRT) or short-interval (SRT) or no neoadjuvant therapy (NT) as control were included. Multiplex-immunofluorescence was performed to determine the presence of cytotoxic T-cells (T-cyt; CD3+CD8+), regulatory T-cells (T-reg; CD3+FOXP3+), T-helper cells (T-helper; CD3+CD8-FOXP3-), B cells (CD20+), dendritic cells (CD11c+) and tumor cells (panCK+). A total of 80 rectal cancer patients were included. Treatment groups were matched for gender, tumor location, response to therapy, and TNM stage. The pattern of response (shrinkage vs. fragmentation) was, however, different between treatment groups. Our analyses reveal that RCT-treated patients exhibited lower stromal T-helper, T-reg, and T-cyt cells compared to other treatment regimens. In conclusion, we demonstrated treatment-specific differences in the immune microenvironment landscape of rectal cancer patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this landscape after a specific therapy will benefit future treatment decisions.

Ensembl (https://www.ensembl.org) is unique in its flexible infrastructure for access to genomic data and annotation. It has been designed to efficiently deliver annotation at scale for all eukaryotic life, and it also provides deep comprehensive annotation for key species. Genomes representing a greater diversity of species are increasingly being sequenced. In response, we have focussed our recent efforts on expediting the annotation of new assemblies. Here, we report the release of the greatest annual number of newly annotated genomes in the history of Ensembl via our dedicated Ensembl Rapid Release platform (http://rapid.ensembl.org). We have also developed a new method to generate comparative analyses at scale for these assemblies and, for the first time, we have annotated non-vertebrate eukaryotes. Meanwhile, we continually improve, extend and update the annotation for our high-value reference vertebrate genomes and report the details here. We have a range of specific software tools for specific tasks, such as the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) and the newly developed interface for the Variant Recoder. All Ensembl data, software and tools are freely available for download and are accessible programmatically.

The maternal environment modulates immune responses to facilitate embryo development and ensure pregnancy. Unraveling this modulation could improve the livestock breeding systems. Here it is hypothesized that the exposure of the female rabbit reproductive tract to semen, as well as to early embryos, modulates inflammation and angiogenesis among different tissue segments. qPCR analysis of the gene expression changes of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor beta family (TGF&beta, 1&ndash, 3) and the angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were examined in response to mating or insemination with sperm-free seminal plasma (SP). Reproductive tract segment (cervix to infundibulum) samples were obtained in Experiment 1, 20 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation (control), natural mating (NM) or vaginal infusion with sperm-free SP (SP-AI). Additionally, segmented samples were also obtained at 10, 24, 36, 68 or 72 h after GnRH-stimulation and natural mating (Experiment 2). The results of gene expression, analyzed by quantitative PCR, showed that NM effects were mainly localized in the uterine tissues, depicting clear temporal variation, while SP-AI effects were restricted to the oviduct. Changes in anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators indicate an early response in the uterus and a late modulation in the oviduct either induced by semen or preimplantation embryos. This knowledge could be used in the implementation of physiological strategies in breeding systems to face the new challenges on rabbit productivity and sustainability.

The interaction between brain damage and motor function is not yet fully understood in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Therefore, a semi-quantitative MRI (sqMRI) scale was used to explore whether identified brain lesions related to functional abilities and gait pathology in this population. A retrospective cohort of ambulatory children with spastic CP was selected [N = 104; 52 bilateral (bCP) and 52 unilateral (uCP)]. Extent and location-specific scores were defined according to the sqMRI scale guidelines. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), the gait profile score (GPS), GPSs per motion plane, gait variable scores (GVS) and multiple-joint (MJ) gait patterns were related to brain lesion scores. In all groups, the global total brain scores correlated to the GPS (total: rs = 0.404, p ≤ 0.001; bCP: rs = 0.335, p ≤ 0.05; uCP: rs = 0.493, p ≤ 0.001). The global total hemispheric scores correlated to the GMFCS (total: rs = 0.392, p ≤ 0.001; bCP: rs = 0.316, p ≤ 0.05; uCP: rs = 0.331, p ≤ 0.05). The laterality scores of the hemispheres in the total group correlated negatively to the GMFCS level (rs = −0.523, p ≤ 0.001) and the GVS-knee sagittal (rs = −0.311, p ≤ 0.01). Lesion location, for the total group demonstrated positive correlations between parietal lobe involvement and the GPS (rs = 0.321, p ≤ 0.001) and between periventricular layer damage and the GMFCS (rs = 0.348, p ≤ 0.001). Involvement of the anterior part of the corpus callosum (CC) was associated with the GVS-hip sagittal in all groups (total: rpb = 0.495, p ≤ 0.001; bCP: rpb = 0.357, p ≤ 0.05; uCP: rpb = 0.641, p ≤ 0.001). The global total hemispheric and laterality of the hemispheres scores differentiated between the minor and both the extension (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.001) and flexion (p = 0.016 and p = 0.013, respectively) MJ patterns in the total group. Maximal periventricular involvement and CC intactness were associated with extension patterns (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively). Current findings demonstrated relationships between brain structure and motor function as well as pathological gait, in this cohort of children with CP. These results might facilitate the timely identification of gait pathology and, ultimately, guide individualized treatment planning of gait impairments in children with CP. ispartof: Frontiers In Human Neuroscience vol:14 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: Published online

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Information_Revised_v1_1 for Randomized controlled trial combining constraint-induced movement therapy and action-observation training in unilateral cerebral palsy: clinical effects and influencing factors of treatment response by Cristina Simon-Martinez, Lisa Mailleux, Jasmine Hoskens, Els Ortibus, Ellen Jaspers, Nicole Wenderoth, Giuseppina Sgandurra, Giovanni Cioni, Guy Molenaers, Katrijn Klingels and Hilde Feys in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Supplemental material, CONSORT_2010_Checklist for Randomized controlled trial combining constraint-induced movement therapy and action-observation training in unilateral cerebral palsy: clinical effects and influencing factors of treatment response by Cristina Simon-Martinez, Lisa Mailleux, Jasmine Hoskens, Els Ortibus, Ellen Jaspers, Nicole Wenderoth, Giuseppina Sgandurra, Giovanni Cioni, Guy Molenaers, Katrijn Klingels and Hilde Feys in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Purpose To study the corneal and internal astigmatism and the age-related changes underlying the known refractive shift with-the-rule (WTR) towards against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. Methods Refractive and corneal biometry data were collected for a total of 1195 healthy Caucasian subjects, recruited by ophthalmological centres across Europe. After conversion of refractive and corneal surface astigmatism to power vectors J(0) and J(45), the total corneal and internal astigmatism were calculated. Results Both refractive power vectors had leptokurtic distributions with a narrow peak at zero, and a broader, secondary distribution at its base, corresponding to eyes without balanced components. This may be fitted with a bigaussian function (J(0): r(2) = 0.87; J(45): r(2) = 0.98). Statistically significant changes in these distributions are seen with age: for refractive J(0) the narrow peak shortens progressively, while the broad peak shifts positive from to negative values, corresponding to increased astigmatism and a shift from with-the-rule towards against-the-rule. For J(45) the narrow peak shortens with age as well, while the broad peak flattens. These changes in refractive J(0) result from statistically significant negative shifts in both the corneal and internal components with age (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). Conclusion In young participants corneal and internal astigmatism partially cancel each other out. This balance between both is gradually lost after age 50, leading to larger amounts of refractive astigmatism, as well as a reorientation of the axis. Given the small amplitude of these changes, they are unlikely to have repercussions for long term stability toric cataract or refractive surgery outcomes.

Table S1. Description of the goal-directed actions of during AOT for children with a House Functional Classification 4â 5. (DOCX 19 kb)

Additional file 1. Supplementary information.

Descripción retrospectiva de la patología del TEP que ha sido atendida en el Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza entre los años 2010-2014, analizando la participación del servicio de RI y su correlación con la mortalidad en estos pacientes.

Amnestus rugosus Mayorga and Cervantes Amnestus rugosus Mayorga and Cervantes, 2005, 169��� 170 D iagnosis. Tylus and juga transversely rugose, anterior margin without punctures. Lateral margin of pronotum toothed, with a wide marginal uniformly punctuate carina, prosternal carina high with ventral margin straight. Body length 2.3 to 2.45 mm. Description. Head. With dense punctures, apical margin of tylus, marginal carina and juga smooth, prosternal carina slightly passing rostral segment II. Pronotum wide, anterior margin concave, dorsally elevated with dense punctures, anterolateral margins toothed and carinate. Propleural carina with ventral margin straight. Mesopleura with evaporatorium expanded towards anterolateral and posterior margins of pleura. Metapleura flat, posterior margin toothed and with a series of setigerous punctures, posterior margin of evaporatorium reaching base of pleura, with well-defined wrinkles mesially. Scutellum. With dense setigerous punctures. Hemelytra. Corium with uniformly distributed punctures, clavus with three longitudinal rows of punctures, hemelytral membrane hyaline and passing apex of abdomen. Legs. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin, hind femora thin, with a bifid spine on anterior half on ventral surface, dorsal margin of hind femora smooth and ventral margin serrate, with three longitudinal rows of punctures. Abdomen. Ventrally convex with a few sparse setae. Old records. Chiapas, Tenejapa (Mayorga & Cervantes, 2005) New records. Mexico, Chiapas, 5 km NNW Coapilla, 1915 m, 17 �� 10 ' 57 " N, 93 �� 09' 06" W, 25 -V- 2008, EORD, YMRA, DJC, MDEM, 1 &male;, 3 &female;; 5 km NE Coapilla, 1990 m, 25 -V-2008, 17�� 10 ' 32 " N, 93 �� 07' 55 " W, LLAMA Wa-A-04- 1 -all, BB, DB, IDMB, 1 &male;, 1 &female;; 15 km E San Cristobal, 2500 m, 29 -V-2008, 16�� 44 ' 48 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 23 " W, LLAMA Wm-A- 05- 1 -01, BD, IDMB, BB, 3 &male;, 5 &female;; 15 km E San Cristobal, 16 �� 44 ' 48 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 24 " W, 2500 m, 29 -V- 2008, LLAMA Wa-A-05- 1 all, DB, IDMB, BB, 3 &male;, 1 &female;. 2 km SE Custepec 1520 m, 17 -V-2008, 15�� 43 ' 14 " N, 92 �� 57 ' 02" W, LLAMA Wa-A-02- 1 all mesophil forest ex sifted leaf litter, col. JLC, EORD, JM, 1 &female;. (CNIN, ECOSUR, IEXA). Tenejapa, Cerro Tzontehuitz, 2677 m, 16 �� 48 ��� 47 ��� N, 92 �� 34 ��� 24 ��� W, 29 -VII- 2005, R. Anderson, Mixed oak forest litter, 1 &male;, 1 &female;. Tenejapa Cerro Tzontehuitz, 16 �� 48 ��� 47 ��� N, 92 �� 34 ��� 24 W, 2677 m, 29 -VII- 2005, R. Anderson, Mixed cloud forest Litter 2005 -015, 9 &male;, 6 &female;. Tenejapa Cerro Tzontehuitz, 16 �� 48 ��� 40 ��� N, 92 �� 35 ���02 W, 2864 m, 29 -VII- 2005, R. Anderson, Mixed cloud forest Litter 2005 -014, 1 &female;. Tapalapa, 4.5 km NW Jct. Rds. Tapalapa/ Ocotepec, 2180 m, 27 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 17 �� 10 ' 57 " N, 93 �� 07' 05" W, Cloud forest litter 2008 -036, 3 &male;, 6 &female;. Tapalapa, Cerro de Tapalapa Microwave towers, 2260 m, 28 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 17 �� 11 ' 16 " N, 93 �� 07' 23 " W, Cloud forest litter, 2008 -040, 20 &male;, 26 &female;. Tapalapa, Cerro de Tapalapa Microwave towers, 2260m, 27 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 17 �� 11 ' 16 " N, 93 �� 07' 23 " W, Cloud fores litter, 2008 -034, 11 &male;, 4 &female;. Coapilla, 2.5 km NW Jct. Rds. Tapalapa/ Ocotepec, 1960 m, 26 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 17 �� 10 ' 57 " N, 93 �� 07' 05" W, Dry oak forest litter 2008 -032, 1 &male;, 1 &female;. Coapilla, 2.5 km NW Jct. Rds. Tapalapa/ Ocotepec, 1960 m, 26 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 17 �� 10 ' 57 " N, 93 �� 07' 05" W, Dry oak forest litter 2008 -031, 1 &male;. Hidalgo Hwy 105 2.4 mi. N Tlanchinol, 5000 ��� 16 -VI- 1983; G.B. Marshall C.W. & L. O. Brien, Berlese cloud forest litter, 3 &male;. Chiapas, Angel Albino Corzo Reserva El Triunfo, Campamento 16-20 -XI-2001, 15�� 39 ��� 42 ������ N, 92 �� 48 ��� 67 ������W, 2020 m, R.W. Jones, Ex. Yellow pan barrier pitfall, 2 &male; (NMNH, FSCA, CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas (Mayorga & Cervantes, 2005)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2005) Description of six new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 113 (3 - 4), 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2005) 113 [0159: dosnso] 2.0. co; 2"]}

Amnestus chiapensis Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 1 c, 4 c, 5 c, 6 c, 7 c, 8 c) Diagnosis. Anterior half of pronotum elevated, with a longitudinal series of punctures near frontal margin; prosternal carina elevated mesially (Fig. 4 c); evaporatorium not reaching anterior margin of mesopleura (Fig. 5 c). Description. Head, antennal segments III���V, pronotum, prosternal carina, scutellum, hemelytra, peritreme, abdominal venter, femora of all legs and fore tibiae dark brown. Antennal segments I���II, rostrum, middle and hind tibiae pale brown. Head. Anterior half with rugae; juga with five pegs; rostrum reaching base of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with transverse impression strongly marked by a series of deep punctures, anterior margin concave, anterolateral margins carinate from middle to anterior end (Fig. 1 c), posterior margin rounded. Propleura shiny, prosternal carina elevated mesially. Mesopleura with evaporatorium flat and reaching lateral margin of pleura. Metapleura with evaporatorium extended to posterior margin of pleura and almost reaching lateral margin. Peritreme elongate, slightly curved, posterior margin with faint rugae (Fig. 5 c). Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin. Fore femora with a mesial, bifid spine on ventral margin (Fig. 6 c). Hind femora with a simple spine near apex on ventral margin, and a small spine on apex of dorsal margin. Hind tibiae with basal half flat, with a small spine near base on ventral margin (Fig. 7 c). Scutellum. Triangular with a row of punctures on lateral margins and uniformly distributed punctures on disc. Hemelytra. Clavus and corium with punctures longitudinally distributed; membrane hyaline, surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny and covered with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Paramere long, short apically, ventrally and mesially lobulate, with three setigerous punctures on dorsal margin and two on ventral margin (Fig. 8 c). Male measurements (n= 1). Body length 3.7; head length 0.5; width across eyes 0.7; interocular distance 0.4; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.3, IV 0.25, V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.25, II 0.3, III 0.35, IV 0.2; pronotum length 1.1; width across anterior margin 0.75; width across humeral angles 1.6; scutellum: length 0.8; width 0.9; length of fore femora 0.6; fore tibiae 0.9; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.85; hind tibiae 1.0; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype Male. Mexico: Chiapas, Amatenango del Valle, 3 -V- 2006, D.N. Velasquez, trampa amarilla, parcela 2. Paratypes: Amatenango del Valle, 11 -VIII- 2006. I. A. Uribe, parcela 1, trampa amarilla 6, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar 22 -VI- 2006. I. A. Uribe, pit fall, parcela 7, trampa 14, 1 &male; (CNIN, ECOSUR). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Etymology. Referring to the State of Chiapas, Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 407-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus santiagensis Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 2 c, 4 k, 5 k, 6 k, 7 k, 8 k) Diagnosis. Juga with five robust pegs; posterior half of head with scattered punctures; pronotum with anterior margin concave with series of deep setigerous punctures; prosternal carina low (Fig. 4 k); hind tibiae with distal half flattened; posterior half of pronotum and scutellum dark brown. Description. Head, antennal segments I���V, anterior half of pronotum, prosternal carina, abdominal venter, clavus, and coria pale brown. Rostral segments and legs pale yellow. Head. Anterior half without punctures; tylus with four robust spines on apex and longer than juga; antennal segment II very short; rostrum reaching anterior half of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, anterior half convex with scattered small punctures; anterior half of anterolateral margins slightly carinate; posterior margin broad and convex; laterally straight; propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina low and sinuate (Fig. 4 k). Mesopleura flat, evaporatorium reaching anterior and lateral margins, with an elevated and dull area in the middle of posterior half. Metapleura flat, evaporatorium extending to posterior and lateral margins; peritreme shiny and elongated; posterior margin of evaporatorium slightly toothed (Fig. 5 k). Legs. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin, fore femora with a bifid middle spine on ventral margin; hind femora with a simple spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 6 k); hind tibiae with basal half flat with a spine on base of ventral margin (Fig. 7 k). Scutellum triangular with scattered punctures on disc. Hemelytra. Corium with uniformly distributed punctures; clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline strongly surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny, ventrally convex, covered with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres swollen, acute apically, with setigerous punctures on middle apical area of the ventral margin (Fig. 8 k). Male measurements (n= 7). Body length 3.2 �� 0.1; head length 0.46 �� 0.04; width across eyes 0.62 �� 0.03; interocular distance 0.36 �� 0.04; interocellar distance 0.21 �� 0.04; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.28 �� 0.03, IV 0.24 �� 0.01, V 0.32 �� 0.03; rostral segments: I 0.25, II 0.28 �� 0.03, III 0.34 �� 0.04, IV 0.24 �� 0.04; pronotum length 1.02 �� 0.08; width across anterior margin 0.69 �� 0.06; width across humeral angles 1.45 �� 0.1; scutellum: length 0.72 �� 0.06; width 0.76 �� 0.04; length of fore femora 0.48 �� 0.02; fore tibiae 0.59 �� 0.05; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.74 ��.04; hind tibiae 0.83 �� 0.03; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Female measurements (n= 1). Body length 3.3; head length 0.45; width across eyes 0.65; interocular distance 0.4; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.3, IV 0.25, V 0.3; rostral segments: I 0.25, II 0.3, III 0.35, IV 0.25; pronotum length 1.0; width across anterior margin 0.7; width across humeral angles 1.5; scutellum: length 0.7; width 0.8; length of fore femora 0.5; fore tibiae 0.6; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.8; hind tibiae 0.9; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype. Male. Mexico: Chiapas, Santiago El Pinar, 24 -VI- 2006: I. A.Uribe, Pit fall, Parcela 10, Trampa 17 (CNIN). Paratypes. Amatenango del Valle, 05-V- 2006; S. S. Sanchez, Pit fall, Parcela 3, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 20 -VI- 2006, Parcela 2, Trampa Amarilla 9, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 21 -VI- 2006, S. S. Sanchez, Pit fall, Parcela 2, Trampa 8, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 21 -VI- 2006, D. N. Velasquez, Parcela 5, Trampa Amarilla 6, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 21 -VI- 2006, S. S. S��nchez, Necrotrampa, Parcela 4, Trampa 1, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 22 -VI- 2006, M. B. Brice��o, Parcela 6, Trampa Amarilla 3, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 22 -VI- 2006, S. S. Sanchez, Parcela 6, Trampa Amarilla 10, 1 &female; (CNIN, ECOSUR, IEXA). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Etymology. Amnestus santiagensis refers to the type locality, Santiago El Pinar., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 425-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus cristobalensis Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 1 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d, 7 d, 8 d) Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs; anterior half of head without punctures; ocelli small, near base of head; pronotum strongly convex with dense punctures on all surfaces, lateral margins explanate and denticulate (Fig. 1 d); prosternal carina low with ventral margin entire (Fig. 4 d). Description. Posterior part of head, antennal segment III, prosternal carina, pronotum, scutellum, and abdomen dark brown. Antennal segments I, II, IV, and V, rostral segments, and legs castaneous. Head. Anterior half with punctures along margins and on callus; posterior half with dense punctures; tylus with four pegs and just slightly longer than juga; juga with five marginal pegs; rostrum surpassing metasternum. Pronotum with anterior margin concave; anterior and posterior lobes with dense punctures; lateral margins carinate with dense punctures; posterior margin convex. Propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina low (Fig. 4 d). Mesopleura flat, evaporatorium reaching anterior and lateral margins of pleura. Metapleura with evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins of pleura, peritreme shiny, elongated and curved apically (Fig. 5 d) Legs. Fore femora with a bifid, mesial spine and a small spine near apex on ventral margin; fore tibiae with seven spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6 d); hind femora with a small spine near apex on dorsal margin, and a simple spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 d) Scutellum. Triangular with acute apex and deep punctures on disc. Hemelytra. Corium with uniformly distributed punctures; clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline and surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny, ventrally convex with fine hairs on its entire surface. Male Genitalia. Parameres curved externally, and elongated apically with setigerous punctures near apex (Fig. 8 d). Male measurements (n= 3). Body length 4.7 �� 0.2; head length 0.57 �� 0.01; width across eyes 0.87 �� 0.02; interocular distance 0.50; interocellar distance 0.30; antennal segments I 0.25, II 0.05, III 0.32 �� 0.02, IV 0.42 �� 0.02, V 0.52 �� 0.02; rostral segments, I 0.35, II 0.45, III 0.55, IV 0.30; pronotum length 1.6 �� 0.02; width across anterior margin 1.0 �� 0.01; width across humeral angles 2.6 �� 0.2; scutellum: length 1.1 �� 0.05; width 1.4 �� 0.1; length of fore femora 0.80 �� 0.05; fore tibiae 0.87 �� 0.4; fore tarsi I 0.10, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.25; hind tibiae 1.4 �� 0.1; hind tarsi I 0.05, II 0.100, III 0.15. Female measurements (n= 1). Body length 4.5; head length 0.55, width across eyes 0.9, interocular distance 0.60; interocellar distance 0.35; antennal segments I 0.3, II 0.05, III 0.4, IV 0.45, V 0.5; rostral segments: I 0.35, II 0.5, III 0.55, IV 0.3; pronotum length 1.5; width across anterior margin 1.0; width across humeral angles 2.5; scutellum: length 1.0, width 1.3; length of fore femora 0.9: fore tibiae 0.85; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.2; hind tibiae 1.3; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype Male. Mexico Chiapas 15 km E San Cristobal 2500 m 29 -V-2008, 16�� 44 ' 48 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 23 " W, LLAMA Wm-A- 05- 1 -01 cloud forest ex sifted leaf litter, col. BD, IDMB, BB (CNIN). Paratypes. 15 km E San Cristobal, 2500m, 29 -V-2008, 16�� 44 ' 48 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 24 " W, LLAMA Wa-A-05- 1 all cloud forest ex sifted leaf litter, col. DB, IDMB, BB, 1 &male; (CNIN); 15 km E San Cristobal, 2500 m, 29 -V-2008, 16�� 44 ' 48 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 23 " W, LLAMA Wm-A- 05- 1 -01 cloud forest ex sifted leaf litter, col. BD, IDMB, BB, 1 &male; (ECOSUR). 15 km E San Cristobal 2500 m, 29 -V-2008, 16�� 44 ' 48 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 23 " W, LLAMA Wm-A 05- 1 -01 cloud forest ex sifted leaf litter, col. BD, IDMB, BB, 1 &female; (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico, Chiapas Etymology. Referring to the type locality, San Cristobal de las Casas., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 408-409, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Key to the species of Amnestus from Mexico 1. Juga with four or five marginal pegs (Fig. 1 a ��� 3 c, 3 e)......................................................... 2 1 ��� Juga with seven marginal pegs (Fig. 3 d).............................................. A. septemclavatus sp. nov. 2. Juga with four marginal pegs Fig. 10 b)..................................................................... 3 2 ��� Juga with five marginal pegs (Fig. 1 a ��� 3 c, 3 e)............................................................... 6 3. Male fore tibia without spine or angulation on ventral margin....................................... A. pusio (St��l) 3 ��� Male fore tibia with spine and angulation on ventral margin.................................................... 4 4. Hind femora of males with a ventral subapical spine, slightly longer than one third of tibial length (Fig. 7 q). A. pusillus Uhler 4 ��� Hind femora of males with a ventral subapical spine, much shorter than one third of tibial length (Fig. 7 n, 7 o)............ 5 5. Male fore leg as in figure 7 n, femora with a median bifid spine and tibia with a small angulation................................................................................................ A. sinuosus Mayorga & Cervantes 5 ��� Male fore leg as in figure 7 o, femora with a median simple spine and tibia with a deep angulation. A.basidentatus Froeschner 6. Tylus longer than juga by a length equal to its width, without transverse rugae (Fig. 10 a)................ A. uhleri Distant 6 ��� Tylus just slightly longer than juga by a length shorter than its width, with or without transverse rugae.................. 7 7. Prosternal carina lower than rostral segment II.............................................................. 8 7 ��� Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II............................................................. 16 8. Prosternal carina with ventral margin straight............................................................... 9 8 ��� Prosternal carina with ventral margin not straight........................................................... 13 9. Lateral margins of pronotum expanded (Fig. 1 d, 2 b, 3 e)...................................................... 10 9 ��� Lateral margins of pronotum not expanded................................................................ 12 10. Lateral margin of pronotum crenate (Fig. 1 d); paramere as in figure 6 d........................ A. cristobalensis sp. nov. 10 ��� Lateral margin of pronotum entire (Fig. 3 a, 3 e); paramere not as above.......................................... 11 11. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6 i); paramere as in figure 6 f..................... A. marcelae sp. nov. 11 ��� Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6m); paramere as in figure 6m........................ A. stali Distant 12. Hind femora of males with a bifid spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 p).............. A. ficus Mayorga & Cervantes 12 ��� Hind femora of males with a thin and oblique subapical spine on ventral margin (Fig. 7 o)........... A. brunneus Signoret 13. Ventral margin of prosternal carina sinuate (Fig. 4 k); paramere as in figure 8 k.................... A. santiagensis sp.nov. 13 ��� Ventral margin of prosternal carina rounded (Fig. 4 i); paramere not as above...................................... 14 14. Posterior half of head without punctures; paramere as in figure 8 h................................. A. lorenae sp. nov. 14 ��� Posterior half of head with punctures; paramere not as above................................................. 15 15. Fore tibiae with seven spines on dorsal margin............................................... A. pallidus Zimmer 15 ��� Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin.................................. A. brailovskyi Mayorga & Cervantes 16. Prosternal carina with ventral margin straight.............................................................. 17 16 ��� Prosternal carina with ventral margin not straight........................................................... 19 17. Anterior half of lateral margin of pronotum toothed; paramere apically elongated......... A. rugosus Mayorga & Cervantes 17 ��� Anterior half of lateral margin of pronotum not toothed; paramere apically short.................................. 18 18. Pronotal umbones and disc without distinct punctures; paramere as in figure 8 a..................... A. bergrothi Distant 18 ��� Pronotal umbones and disc with distinct punctures; paramere as in figure 8 n.......................... A. forreri Distant 19. Tylus with some rugae; paramere as in figure 8 c............................................ A. chiapensis sp.nov. 19 ��� Tylus without rugae; paramere not as above................................................................ 20 20. Basal margin of hemelytra denticulate (Fig. 1 b)............................................................. 21 20 ��� Basal margin of hemelytra entire (Fig. 2 a, 2 c).............................................................. 24 21. Fore femora with a bifid spine on middle area of ventral margin (Fig. 6 b)......................................... 22 21 ��� Fore femora without a bifid spine on middle area of ventral margin (Fig. 6 f).................... A. laevifemoralis sp.nov. 22. Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6g)........................................................ 23 22 ��� Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin................................ A. calakmulensis Mayorga & Cervantes 23. Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II with a series of fine setae basally................ A.carinopilosus sp.nov. 23 ��� Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II with a small grove on ventral margin.... A. carinatus Mayorga & Cervantes 24. Anterior lobe of pronotum without punctures (Fig. 2 a)...................................................... 25 24 ��� Anterior lobe of pronotum with punctures (Fig. 2 c, 3 b)....................................................... 26 25. Fore tibiae with four robust spines on dorsal margin; corium pale yellow................ A. henryi Mayorga & Cervantes 25 ��� Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin; corium pale brown (Fig. 6 e)...................... A. denticulatus sp. nov. 26. Anterior lobe of pronotum uniformly punctured around disc, callous without punctures............................. 27 26 ��� Anterior lobe of pronotum with scattered punctures on disc and lateral margins thickly and coarsely punctuated.................................................................................................. A. dallasi Distant 27. Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6g, j)....................................................... 28 27 ��� Fore tibiae with seven spines on dorsal margin................................... A. obscurus Mayorga & Cervantes 28. Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II, with a small grove on ventral margin (Fig. 2 j); paramere as in figure 6 j.................................................................................... A. puncticarinatus sp. nov. 28 ��� Prosternal carina with anterior half higher than rostral segment II, and curved apically (Fig. 2 c); paramere as in figure 8g......................................................................................... A. longinoi sp. nov., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 430-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus pallidus Zimmer Annectus [sic] pallidus Zimmer, 1910, p. 166 Diagnosis. The almost concolorous reddish brown head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium, plus the shorter rostrum which does not reach hind coxae, will separate this species from all with five marginal pegs on juga. Body length 2.08 to 3.26 mm. This species is often confused with A. spinifrons (Say), but the shorter rostrum, which here does not exceed the hind coxae, will separate the two; or in males, the absence of a midventral angulation on the fore tibiae will mark it from A. spinifrons. Description. Tylus as long as juga, latter with five subequal, marginal pegs; surface, except tylus and apex of juga, coarsely punctuate; rostrum attaining middle of metasternum. Pronotum. Anterior margin shallowly concave, almost straight across; lateral margin straight on basal half; transverse impression obsolete, marked by vague row of punctures; anterior lobe with three to four irregular rows of moderate to coarse punctures laterally, subapically and along median band, calli mostly polished, with few fine punctures discally; posterior lobe, except umbones, with widely scattered punctures. Hemelytra. Mesocorium with few scattered, obsolete punctures discally; exocorium abundantly punctuate across full width. Prosternal carina lower than rostral segment II, rounded. Legs. Fore femora ventrally with premedian spine strong, oblique, unevenly bifid, and with blackish, subapical tubercle on posteroventral margin; fore tibiae neither angled nor spined mid-ventrally; hind femora not angled dorsally near apex, ventrally with subapical spine short, less than half height of femur. Distribution. United States, Canada (Froeschner 1960). This species was cited erroneously from Mexico by Mayorga (2002)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337","Mayorga, C. (2002) Revision generica de la familia Cydnidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) en Mexico, con un listado de las especies conocidas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia, 73 (2), 157 - 192."]}

Amnestus septemclavatus Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 3 d, 4 l, 5 l, 6 l, 7 l, 8 l) Diagnosis. This species can be recognized from other species with four marginal pegs on tylus, by the presence of seven robust pegs on margin of juga, by the dense punctures on posterior half of the head and by the presence of deep punctures along the concave anterior margin of pronotum. Prosternal carina elevated medially (Fig. 4 l). Description. Head, pronotum, scutellum, clavus, corium and abdominal venter dark brown; antennal and rostral segments, margin of prosternal carina and legs pale brown. Head. Anterior half without punctures; tylus with four pegs, longer than juga; antennal segment II very short; rostrum reaching anterior margin of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, anterior half convex with punctures mesially and dense punctures on the posterior lobe; anterolateral margins carinate with deep punctures; posterior margin wide and convex, straight laterally. Propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina medially elevated (Fig. 4 l). Mesopleura flat, evaporatorium extending to the anterior and lateral margins of pleura. Metapleura flat, evaporatorium extended to the posterior and lateral margins of pleura, peritreme shiny and elongated with the posterior margin toothed and sparsely rugose (Fig. 5 l). Legs. Fore tibiae with five robust spines on dorsal margin; fore femora with a bifid, mesial spine on its venter; hind femora with a simple spine near apex on dorsal margin, and a small spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 6 l) Hind tibiae with basal half flattened and with a ventral spine near base (Fig. 7 l). Scutellum. Triangular, with deep punctures on disc. Hemelytra, with uniformly distributed punctures; clavus with three rows of punctures; hemelytral membrane hyaline and surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny, ventrally convex, covered by fine hairs along lateral margins. Male Genitalia. Parameres, rounded and elongated apically; with setae on ventral margin (Fig. 8 l). Male Measurements (n= 3). Body length 4.7 �� 0.3; head length 0.61 �� 0.03; width across eyes 0.98 �� 0.02; interocular distance 0.63 �� 0.07; interocellar distance 0.3; antennal segments: I 0.25, II 0.1, III 0.5, IV 0.5, V 0.5; rostral segments: I 0.36 �� 0.04, II 0.5, III 0.55 �� 0.05, IV 0.53 �� 0.02; pronotum length 1.45 �� 0.05; width across anterior margin 0.98 �� 0.03; width across humeral angles 2.28 �� 0.02; scutellum: length 1.15 �� 0.1; width 1.18 �� 0.07; length of fore femora 0.88 �� 0.02; fore tibiae 1.0; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.2 �� 0.1; hind tibiae 1.3 �� 0.1; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Female Measurements (n= 5). Body length 4.3 �� 0.1; head length 0.60 �� 0.05; width across eyes 0.92 �� 0.03; interocular distance 0.6; interocellar distance 0.3; antennal segments: I 0.25 �� 0, II 0.1, III 0.5, IV 0.46 �� 0.04, V 0.5; rostral segments: I 0.35 �� 0.05, II 0.5, III 0.56 �� 0.04, IV 0.50 �� 0.05; pronotum length 1.28 �� 0.07; width across anterior margin 1.0 �� 0.05; width across humeral angles 2.18 �� 0.07; scutellum: length 1.0; width 1.24 �� 0.03; length of fore femora 0.81 �� 0.06; tibiae anterior 0.96 �� 0.1; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.1 �� 0.09; length hind tibiae 1.33 �� 0.08; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype. Male. Mexico, Chiapas: Municipio Tapalapa, 12 km Al N de Coapilla, 13 -III- 1994, R.W. Jones (CNIN). Paratypes. Municipio Tapalapa, 12 km Al N de Coapilla, 13 -III- 1994, R.W. Jones. 2 &male;, 5 &female; (CNIN, ECOSUR). Distribution. Mexico, Chiapas. Etymology. From the Latin septem = seven, and clavus = peg referring to the seven marginal pegs on juga., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 426-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus forreri Distant (Fig. 8 n) Amnestus forreri Distant, 1893, p. 452 Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others with five marginal pegs on juga, by the numerous distinct punctures on the pronotal umbones and having most of the disc of the calli coarsely and closely punctuate similar to the lateral parts of the anterior pronotal lobe. It is similar to A. cribratus, but they may be separated, because A. cribratus has the prosternal carina concave ventrally with a strong triangular lobe anteriorly, while A. forreri has the ventral margin of the carina virtually straight. Body length 2.82 to 2.96 mm. Description. Head. Most of head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and most of ventral surface yellowish brown; posterior lobe of pronotum, clavi, coria and appendages yellowish. Head. Tylus surpassing juga by a distance equaling one-half of its own width; surface coarsely and closely punctuate, except on tylus and apical halves of juga; juga with five marginal pegs. Rostrum reaching almost the bases of middle coxae. Anterior margin of pronotum very feebly concave, cupped behind eyes; lateral margins sinuate near base; transverse impression weak except laterally, marked by a row of coarse punctures; anterior lobe with broad band of coarse punctures laterally and subapically and with numerous close-set moderate punctures along midline and over most of calli; posterior lobe, including umbones, with very numerous, close-set punctures becoming finer posteriorly. Hemelytra. Mesocorium impunctate except for two rows paralleling claval suture; exocorium distinctly and strongly punctuate virtually to costa. Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II, anterior margin roundly perpendicular, ventral margin straight and almost horizontal, posterior end lower but abruptly terminated. Legs. Fore femora ventrally with premedian oblique spine very unevenly furcated and with subapical small tubercle on posteroventral margin; anterior tibiae ventrally neither angled nor spined at middle; hind femora ventrally with subapical spine stout, oblique, shorter than height of femora, subequally furcated at apex, dorsally with subapical angulation. Paramere as in figure 8 n. New records. Mexico: Chiapas, 8.8 km SE, Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 ��� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, M.G. Branstetter. # 647-648 (CNIN). 8.8 Km. SE, Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 ��� 17 ���W. 14 -VII- 2007, M.G. Branstetter. # 647-648. 5 &male;, 4 &female;; 8.8 km SE, Salto de Agua 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 �� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, J.L. Cozar ANTC # 4225 3 &male;, 2 &female;; 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17 �� 30 ' 54 " N, 92 �� 17 ' 43 " W, 70 m, 14 -VI- 2008, wet forest Col. YMRA, MDEM, DJC, JM, JTL, JLC, 43 &male;, 32 &female; (CNIN, ECOSUR, IEXA). Distribution. Mexico: Durango, Chiapas. Panama (Froeschner 1960), Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337"]}

Amnestus sinuosus Mayorga and Cervantes (Figs. 6 n, 7 n, 10 b) Amnestus sinuosus Mayorga and Cervantes, 2005, 170��� 171 Diagnosis. Juga with four pegs, pronotum mesially smooth, anterior half with sparse setigerous punctures. Prosternal carina low, with sinuate margin and slightly elevated posteriorly. Body length 2.6 to 2.9 mm. Description. Head. Dorsal surface with punctures, tylus slightly longer than juga (Fig. 10 b). Pronotum. Anterior margin concave, with a series of setigerous punctures, anterolateral margins slightly carinate. Propleura smooth, prosternal carina low with ventral margin sinuate, slightly elevated posteriorly. Mesopleura. Evaporatorium rough, covering half of pleura. Metapleura elevated, evaporatorium reaching middle of pleura, posterior margin toothed; peritreme elongate and curved apically. Abdomen. Covered by fine setae laterally, mesially without setae. Scutellum. Triangular, disc with punctures uniformly distributed. Hemelytra. With fine punctures; clavus with three rows of setigerous punctures; membrane hyaline slightly surpassing apex of abdomen. Legs. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin, with median angulation (Fig. 6 n); ventral and dorsal margins of hind femora smooth, with one single spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 n). New record. Mexico, Chiapas, Yaxoquintela, Chiapas Mexico, 16 &ring; 58 ��� N, 91 &ring; 47 ��� W, 560 m, 21���30 -VIII- 1978, J. Rawlins, 26 &female;, 25 &male; (CMN, CNIN, ECOSUR, IEXA). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas, Veracruz. (Mayorga & Cervantes, 2005), Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2005) Description of six new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 113 (3 - 4), 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2005) 113 [0159: dosnso] 2.0. co; 2"]}

Amnestus carinopilosus Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 1 b, 4 b, 5 b, 6 b, 7 b, 8 b) Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs; anterior half impunctate, posterior half of head with punctures; prosternal carina elevated with a series of fine setae basally (Fig. 4 b). Pronotum with lateral margins explanate. Description. Head, pronotum, prosternal carina, scutellum, lateral and apical margins of hemelytra, abdominal venter, femora of all legs dark brown. Antennal segments I, III, marginal carina of pronotum, rostral segments, rest of hemelytra, median and hind tibiae pale brown. Antennal segments IV���V and fore tibiae pale yellow. Head. Anterior half without punctures; tylus longer than juga; rostrum reaching middle of mesosternum. Thorax. Anterior half of pronotum elevated, with dense punctures, anterior margin concave, anterolateral margins carinate, posterior margin rounded; propleura shiny and polished; prosternal carina elevated with a series of fine hairs at base (Fig. 4 b); mesopleura with evaporatorium reaching anterior and lateral margins of pleura; metapleura with evaporatorium also extended to posterior and lateral margins; peritreme small, reaching middle part of pleura, with a pale brown mesial line, and posterior margin entire (Fig. 5 b). Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6 b). Hind femora with a simple spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 b). Scutellum triangular with uniformly distributed punctures on disc (Fig. 1 b). Hemelytra with scattered punctures, lateral margin slightly toothed basally; clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny, ventrally convex, with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Paramere large, apically elongated, with middle part of external margin elevated (Fig. 8 b). Male measurements (n= 1). Body length 3.6; head length 0.6; width across eyes 0.7; interocular distance 0.35; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.3, IV 0.3; V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.35, II 0.25, III 0.3, IV 0.2; pronotum length 1.0; width across anterior margin 0.7; width across humeral angles 1.6; scutellum: length 0.9; width 1.1; length of fore femora 0.6; fore tibiae 0.85; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.9; hind tibiae 1.0; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype Male. M��xico: Chiapas, Santiago El Pinar, 20 -VI- 2006, D. N. Velasquez, Parcela 2, Trampa Amarilla 7 (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Etymology. From the Latin carina = keel, and pilosus = hairy referring to the hairs on the prosternal carina., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 407, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus laevifemoralis Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 2 b, 4 f, 5 f, 6 f, 7 f, 8 f, 9 c) Diagnosis. Lacking bifid spine on the ventral margin of fore femora, simple spine present on ventral margin, near apex of hind femora in males (Fig. 6 f); lateral margins of pronotum explanate (Fig. 2 b). Description. Posterior half of head, prosternal carina, pronotum, peritreme, scutellum, a macula on middle region of corium, and abdomen dark brown; antennal segments III���V and legs pale brown; antennal segments I���II, and rostral segments pale yellow. Head. Anterior half without punctures; tylus with four pegs and slightly longer than juga; juga with five marginal pegs; second antennal segment very short; rostrum reaching anterior margin of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave with anterior and posterior lobes densely punctate including callus and lateral margins; posterior margin rounded. Propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina high with a deep mesial depression on ventral margin (Fig. 4 f). Evaporatorium reaching anterior and lateral margins of mesopleura. Evaporatorium reaching middle area of metapleura, with peritreme elongated and curved, posterior margin of metapleura serrated, with rugae and setigerous punctures on margin (Fig. 5 f) Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin; ventral margin of fore femora with a series of fine setigerous punctures, lacking bifid spine (Fig. 6 f); hind femora with simple, very small spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 f) Scutellum. Triangular with scattered punctures on disc. Hemelytra. With uniformly distributed punctures and with lateral margin serrated basally; clavus with three rows of punctures, apical margin of corium entire; membrane hyaline surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Shiny, ventrally convex with fine hairs on all surfaces. Male Genitalia. Parameres rounded with an elongated process apically and a series of setigerous punctures mesially (Fig. 8 f). Female Genitalia. Spermatheca with receptacle spherical, with a small asymmetrically developed flange around its basal part, as in figure 9 c. Male measurements (n= 10). Body length 4.3 �� 0.4; head length 0.55 �� 0.05; width across eyes 0.86 �� 0.06; interocular distance 0.5; interocellar distance 0.25 �� 0.04; antennal segments: I 0.24 �� 0.04, II 0.1, III 0.45 �� 0.05, IV 0.4, V 0.5; rostral segments: I 0.34 �� 0.04, II 0.41 �� 0.06, III 0.49 �� 0.04, IV 0.34 �� 0.04; pronotum length 1.3 �� 0.2; width across anterior margin 1.0; width across humeral angles 2.3 �� 0.2; scutellum: length 0.96 �� 0.04, width 1.1 �� 0.04; length of fore femora 0.82 �� 0.07, fore tibiae 0.96 �� 0.04; fore tarsi I 0.05, II 0.1, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.2 �� 0.1; hind tibiae 1.4 �� 0.2; hind tarsi I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Female measurements (n= 10). Body length 4.5 �� 0.2; head length 0.54 �� 0.04; width across eyes 0.85 �� 0.05; interocular distance 0.5; interocellar distance 0.25; antennal segments: I 0.25, II 0.1, III 0.45, IV 0.4, V 0.5; rostral segments: I 0.35, II 0.45 �� 0.05; III 0.5; IV 0.35; pronotum length 1.3; width across anterior margin 1.0; width across humeral angles 2.3 �� 0.01; scutellum: length 1.0 �� 0.04, width 1.2 �� 0.02; length of fore femora 0.84 �� 0.04; fore tibiae 0.97 �� 0.03; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.2; hind tibiae 1.4 �� 0.1; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype. Male. Mexico: Chiapas 2 km SE Custepec, 1520 m, 17 -V-2008, 15�� 43 ' 14 " N, 92 �� 57 ' 02" W, LLAMA Wa-A-02- 1 -all mesophil forest ex sifted leaf (CNIN). Paratypes. 2 km SE Custepec, 1520 m, 17 -V-2008, 15�� 43 ' 14 " N, 92 �� 57 ' 02" W, LLAMA Wa-A-02- 1 -all mesophil forest ex sifted leaf litter, col. JLC, EORD, JM, 32 &male;, 13 &female; (CNIN; ECOSUR; IEXA). Villa Corzo, Ejido Sierra Morena, R. Biosfera la Sepultura, 16 �� 09' 40 " N, 93 �� 36 ' 0" W, 15 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 1367 m, Liquidambar Forest litter, 2008 -008, 15 &male;, 19 &female; (NMNH, FSCA). Distribution. Mexico, Chiapas. Etymology. From the Latin laevi = smooth, referring to the lack of a bifid spine on the ventral margin of fore femora., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 412-413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus basidentatus Froeschner (Fig. 6 o) Amnestus basidentatus Froeschner, 1960, p. 634���637 Diagnosis. The males of this species can be separated by the distinct subbasal spine on the ventral margin on hind tibia, coupled with short, ventral, subapical spine. Similar to A. pusio, but the characters of the legs separate both species. Description. Color light brownish yellow, coria, legs, and labium slightly paler. Length almost three-fourths width; clypeus slightly longer than juga; latter with four marginal pegs; surface, except clypeus, with coarse, crowded punctures. Rostrum reaching between middle coxae. Pronotum: Length less than two-thirds width; anterior margin virtually truncate, not concave; lateral margin weakly sinuate on basal third; transverse impression moderate, punctate; anterior lobe weakly tumid, with prominent punctures laterally, subapically, along midline and scattered over disc of calli; posterior lobe, except umbones, with close-set, moderate punctures. Hemelytron: Mesocorium with few discal punctures; exocorium abundantly punctate across full width. Propleuron: Prosternal carinae lower than rostral II, subrectangular. Legs: Hind femora ventrally near basal third with strongly oblique, stout spine slightly emarginate at apex; hind tibia ventrally with strong, subbasal spine in addition to median angulation (Fig. 6 o); hind femora with subapical oblique spine simple, about half as high as femur. Length of body: female (1.93���1.96 mm), male (1.75���1.95 mm). New records. Mexico: Campeche, Escarcega 7 -VI- 1962, Trap light, F. Islas S., 1 &male;. (NMNH). Distribution. United States of America, Cuba, Mexico., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 403, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337"]}

Amnestus brailovskyi Mayorga & Cervantes Amnestus brailovskyi Mayorga & Cervantes, 2005, 159��� 166 Diagnosis. Tylus convex, transversely rough, except apical lobe, juga and anterior half of pronotum with sparse punctures; anterior margin of pronotum concave, delimited by a series of setigerous punctures. Ventral margin of prosternal carina rounded. Body length 2.8 mm. This species is similar to A. calakmulensis, but the tylus on A. brailovskyi has transverse impressions, while A. calakmulensis lacks them. Description. Head, III, IV, and V antennal segments, pronotum, scutellum, and abdomen dark brown. Hemelytra, legs, and rostrum pale yellow. Head. Anterior half without punctures, tylus transversely rough except apical lobe, which has four fine and long spines; rostrum short reaching base of mesosternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, delimited by a series of setigerous punctures, anterior half elevated with sparse punctures, anterolateral margins slightly explanate, posterior half densely punctuated. Propleura dull and smooth, prosternal carina low and with ventral margin lobulate. Mesopleura with evaporatorium expanded towards posterior and lateral margins. Metapleura flat with evaporatorium reaching middle part of pleura, peritreme elongated with dark brown border, posterior margin of evaporatorium with setigerous punctures well defined. Legs. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin; femora with a bifid long spine on posterior mesial region of ventral surface; ventral and dorsal margins of femora smooth, with a simple spine near apex on ventral surface. Scutellum. Triangular, with acute apex, disc dark brown with sparse punctures. Hemelytra. Corium with regularly distributed punctures, clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline, slightly passing apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Ventrally convex, and covered by fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres large and broad with acute apex, and three long setigerous punctures on central area. Distribution. Mexico: Hidalgo (Mayorga & Cervantes 2005)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 405, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2005) Description of six new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 113 (3 - 4), 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2005) 113 [0159: dosnso] 2.0. co; 2"]}

Key to the species of Amnestus from Mexico 1. Juga with four or five marginal pegs (Fig. 1 a – 3 c, 3 e)......................................................... 2 1 ’ Juga with seven marginal pegs (Fig. 3 d).............................................. A. septemclavatus sp. nov. 2. Juga with four marginal pegs Fig. 10 b)..................................................................... 3 2 ’ Juga with five marginal pegs (Fig. 1 a – 3 c, 3 e)............................................................... 6 3. Male fore tibia without spine or angulation on ventral margin....................................... A. pusio (Stål) 3 ’ Male fore tibia with spine and angulation on ventral margin.................................................... 4 4. Hind femora of males with a ventral subapical spine, slightly longer than one third of tibial length (Fig. 7 q). A. pusillus Uhler 4 ’ Hind femora of males with a ventral subapical spine, much shorter than one third of tibial length (Fig. 7 n, 7 o)............ 5 5. Male fore leg as in figure 7 n, femora with a median bifid spine and tibia with a small angulation................................................................................................ A. sinuosus Mayorga & Cervantes 5 ’ Male fore leg as in figure 7 o, femora with a median simple spine and tibia with a deep angulation. A.basidentatus Froeschner 6. Tylus longer than juga by a length equal to its width, without transverse rugae (Fig. 10 a)................ A. uhleri Distant 6 ’ Tylus just slightly longer than juga by a length shorter than its width, with or without transverse rugae.................. 7 7. Prosternal carina lower than rostral segment II.............................................................. 8 7 ’ Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II............................................................. 16 8. Prosternal carina with ventral margin straight............................................................... 9 8 ’ Prosternal carina with ventral margin not straight........................................................... 13 9. Lateral margins of pronotum expanded (Fig. 1 d, 2 b, 3 e)...................................................... 10 9 ’ Lateral margins of pronotum not expanded................................................................ 12 10. Lateral margin of pronotum crenate (Fig. 1 d); paramere as in figure 6 d........................ A. cristobalensis sp. nov. 10 ’ Lateral margin of pronotum entire (Fig. 3 a, 3 e); paramere not as above.......................................... 11 11. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6 i); paramere as in figure 6 f..................... A. marcelae sp. nov. 11 ’ Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6m); paramere as in figure 6m........................ A. stali Distant 12. Hind femora of males with a bifid spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 p).............. A. ficus Mayorga & Cervantes 12 ’ Hind femora of males with a thin and oblique subapical spine on ventral margin (Fig. 7 o)........... A. brunneus Signoret 13. Ventral margin of prosternal carina sinuate (Fig. 4 k); paramere as in figure 8 k.................... A. santiagensis sp.nov. 13 ’ Ventral margin of prosternal carina rounded (Fig. 4 i); paramere not as above...................................... 14 14. Posterior half of head without punctures; paramere as in figure 8 h................................. A. lorenae sp. nov. 14 ’ Posterior half of head with punctures; paramere not as above................................................. 15 15. Fore tibiae with seven spines on dorsal margin............................................... A. pallidus Zimmer 15 ’ Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin.................................. A. brailovskyi Mayorga & Cervantes 16. Prosternal carina with ventral margin straight.............................................................. 17 16 ’ Prosternal carina with ventral margin not straight........................................................... 19 17. Anterior half of lateral margin of pronotum toothed; paramere apically elongated......... A. rugosus Mayorga & Cervantes 17 ’ Anterior half of lateral margin of pronotum not toothed; paramere apically short.................................. 18 18. Pronotal umbones and disc without distinct punctures; paramere as in figure 8 a..................... A. bergrothi Distant 18 ’ Pronotal umbones and disc with distinct punctures; paramere as in figure 8 n.......................... A. forreri Distant 19. Tylus with some rugae; paramere as in figure 8 c............................................ A. chiapensis sp.nov. 19 ’ Tylus without rugae; paramere not as above................................................................ 20 20. Basal margin of hemelytra denticulate (Fig. 1 b)............................................................. 21 20 ’ Basal margin of hemelytra entire (Fig. 2 a, 2 c).............................................................. 24 21. Fore femora with a bifid spine on middle area of ventral margin (Fig. 6 b)......................................... 22 21 ’ Fore femora without a bifid spine on middle area of ventral margin (Fig. 6 f).................... A. laevifemoralis sp.nov. 22. Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6g)........................................................ 23 22 ’ Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin................................ A. calakmulensis Mayorga & Cervantes 23. Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II with a series of fine setae basally................ A.carinopilosus sp.nov. 23 ’ Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II with a small grove on ventral margin.... A. carinatus Mayorga & Cervantes 24. Anterior lobe of pronotum without punctures (Fig. 2 a)...................................................... 25 24 ’ Anterior lobe of pronotum with punctures (Fig. 2 c, 3 b)....................................................... 26 25. Fore tibiae with four robust spines on dorsal margin; corium pale yellow................ A. henryi Mayorga & Cervantes 25 ’ Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin; corium pale brown (Fig. 6 e)...................... A. denticulatus sp. nov. 26. Anterior lobe of pronotum uniformly punctured around disc, callous without punctures............................. 27 26 ’ Anterior lobe of pronotum with scattered punctures on disc and lateral margins thickly and coarsely punctuated.................................................................................................. A. dallasi Distant 27. Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 6g, j)....................................................... 28 27 ’ Fore tibiae with seven spines on dorsal margin................................... A. obscurus Mayorga & Cervantes 28. Prosternal carina higher than rostral segment II, with a small grove on ventral margin (Fig. 2 j); paramere as in figure 6 j.................................................................................... A. puncticarinatus sp. nov. 28 ’ Prosternal carina with anterior half higher than rostral segment II, and curved apically (Fig. 2 c); paramere as in figure 8g......................................................................................... A. longinoi sp. nov.

Amnestus puncticarinatus Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 3 b, 4 j, 5 j, 6 j, 7 j, 8 j, 9 d) Diagnosis. Jugum with five marginal pegs; posterior half of head with dense punctures; anterior margin of pronotum concave; pronotum with dense punctures on all surface; lateral margins carinate with deep punctures; prosternal carina elevated, with a small depression on middle part (Fig. 4 j). Head, pronotum, scutellum, and one macula on discal area of corium dark brown, antennal segments II-V, rostral segments, lateral margin of pronotum, and legs brown castaneous; antennal segment I and tarsi pale yellow; hemelytra whitish. Head. Anterior half without punctures; tylus with four pegs, and longer than juga; juga with five marginal pegs; antennae with five segments, II the smallest; rostrum reaching base of mesosternum. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, middle anterior and posterior parts, with dense punctures covering calli; lateral margins carinate with deep punctures, posterior margin convex. Propleura. Shiny and smooth; prosternal carina elevated with a small depression on middle part (Fig. 4 j). Mesopleura. Flat, evaporatorium extended to anterior and lateral margins of pleura. Metapleura, with evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins of pleura; peritreme shiny and elongated, slightly vent on apex (Fig. 5 j). Legs. Fore tibia with six spines on external margin; fore femur with a bifid mesial spine on ventral margin (Fig. 6 j). Hind femur with one small and simple spine near apex on external margin and a simple spine on apex on internal margin. Hind tibia with basal half flat, with a simple spine near base on ventral margin (Fig. 7 j). Scutellum triangular with acute apex and with deep punctures on disc. Hemelytra. Corium with uniformly distributed punctures; clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline, longer than apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny, ventrally convex with fine hairs on all surface. Male genitalia. Parameres externally curved and apically elongated, with setigerous punctures on ventral margin (Fig. 8 j). Female genitalia. Spermatheca with receptacle, with a small asymmetrically developed flange around its basal part, as in figure 9 d. Male measurements (n= 10). Body length 3.3 �� 0.3; head length 0.49 �� 0.04; width across eyes 0.76 �� 0.04; interocular distance 0.41 �� 0.04; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.1, III 0.3, IV 0.25, V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.3, II 0.37 �� 0.03, III 0.3, IV 0.25; pronotum length 1.1 �� 0.1; width across anterior margin 0.76 �� 0.04; width across humeral angles 1.74 �� 0.1; scutellum: length 0.77 �� 0.03, width 1.0 �� 0.01; length of fore femur 0.68 �� 0.02; fore tibia 0.74 �� 0.04; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femur 0.85; hind tibia 1.0; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Female measurements (n= 10). Body length 3.3 �� 0.2; head length 0.51 �� 0.06; width across eyes; 0.75; interocular distance 0.41 �� 0.04; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.1, III 0.3, IV 0.25, V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.3, II 0.35, III 0.3, IV 0.25; pronotum length 1.0 �� 0.02; width across anterior margin 0.8; width across humeral angles 1.78 �� 0.1; scutellum: length 0.77 �� 0.08, width 0.96 �� 0.04; length of fore femur 0.65; fore tibia 0.75; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femur 0.93 �� 0.03; hind tibia1.0 �� 0.02; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype: Male. Mexico: Chiapas, 8.8 km SE, Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 ��� 17 ���, W. 14 -VII- 2007 M.G. Branstetter. # 647-648 (CNIN). Paratypes: 8.8 Km. SE, Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 ��� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, M.G. Branstetter, # 647 -648, 5 &male;, 4 &female;; 8.8 km SE, Salto de Agua 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 �� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, J.L. Cozar ANTC # 4225 3 &male;, 2 &female;; 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17 �� 30 ' 54 " N, 92 �� 17 ' 43 " W, 70m, 14 -VI- 2008, wet forest Col. YMRA, MDEM, DJC, JM, JTL, JLC, 43 &male;, 32 &female; (CNIN, ECOSUR, IEXA). Distribution. Mexico, Chiapas. Etymology. From the Latin punctum = puncture, and carina = keel, referring to the punctures on pronotal carina., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus denticulatus Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 2 a, 4 e, 5 e, 6 e, 7 e, 8 e) Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs, pronotum with anterior margin concave, followed by a series of deep punctures, posterolateral margin toothed (Fig. 2 a); prosternal carina elevated with ventral margin semicircular (Fig. 4 e). Description. Head, antennal segments III, IV, and V, pronotum, prosternal carina, abdominal venter, �� of middle and hind femora, scutellum, peritreme, clavus and corium dark brown. Antennal segments I, II, rostrum, femora and all tarsi pale brown. Head. Posterior half with punctures; tylus longer than juga; antennal segment II very short, and segment V longest; rostrum reaching base of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum, anterior disc convex with disperse punctures, anterolateral margins denticulate, slightly carinate; posterior disc with dense punctures. Propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina semicircular (Fig. 4 e). Mesopleura flat; evaporatorium extended towards anterior and lateral margins. Metapleura with evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins; peritreme elongate and dull with apex slightly curved, posterior margin of evaporatorium entire (Fig. 5 e). Legs. Fore tibiae with six spines on dorsal margin, fore femora with a bifid spine on basal third, with a small spine near apex on ventral surface (Fig. 6 e). Ventral and dorsal margins of hind femora smooth, with two simple spines near apex, one on ventral margin and the other on dorsal margin (Fig. 7 e). Scutellum triangular, with acute apex, scattered punctures on disc. Hemelytra, with uniformly distributed punctures on the lateral middle area. Clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline and surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Ventrally convex, covered with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres long, half moon shape, slightly lobed on middle area of ventral margin, with ten long setae (Fig. 8 e). Male measurements (n= 1). Body length 3.6; head length 0.45; width across eyes 0.7; interocular distance 0.4; interocellar distance 0.25; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.3, IV 0.3, V 0.35; rostrum segments: I 0.25, II 0.3, III 0.35, IV 0.2; pronotum length 1.0; width across anterior margin 0.65; width across humeral angles 1.5; scutellum: length 0.8, width 0.85; length of fore femora 0.6; fore tibiae 0.7; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05 III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.85; hind tibiae 1.0; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype Male. Mexico: Chiapas, Amatenango del Valle, 12 -VIII- 2006, D.N. Velasquez, Parcela 7, trampa 15 (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Etymology. From the Latin dentis = tooth referring to the tooth on the lateral margin of pronotum., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 409-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus stali Distant (Figs. 3 e, 4m, 5m, 6m, 7m, 8m) Amnestus stali Distant, 1893, p. 454 Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs, disc of anterior pronotal lobe elevated with sparse setigerous punctures, prosternal carina low with ventral margin straight (Fig. 4m). Description. Head, antennal segment III, pronotum, prosternal carina, abdominal venter, scutellum, clavus, and corium dark brown. Antennal segments I, II, IV, and V, rostrum, marginal carina of pronotum, and legs pale brown. Head. Anterior half smooth, posterior half with punctures in the interocellar and interocular areas; tylus with four pegs, surpassing juga, antennal segment II very short, V longest; rostrum reaching metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, anterior half convex with sparse punctures; antero-lateral margins slightly carinate; posterior middle area with deep punctures. Propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina low and straight (Fig. 4m). Mesopleura flat, evaporatorium reaching anterior and lateral margins of pleura. Metapleura flat, evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins of pleura, peritreme pale brown with a dark brown margin centrally, with apex slightly curved, posterior margin of evaporatorium toothed and with short hairs (Fig. 5m). Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin with a series of hairs on ventral margin; fore femora with a bifid spine on the basal third on the ventral surface (Fig. 6m). Hind femora with ventral margin serrated and a simple spine near apex on ventral surface (Fig. 7m). Scutellum triangular, apex acute, disc with disperse punctures. Hemelytra. Disc without punctures, clavus with two rows of pale punctures, membrane hyaline, surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Ventrally convex with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres long, mesially expanded, and apically slightly concave and digitiform, with two setae apically (Fig. 8m). Male measurements (n= 2). Body length 3.5; head length 0.65; width across eyes 0.7; interocular distance 0.45; interocellar distance 0.25; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.25, IV 0.3, V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.3, II 0.35, III 0.45, IV 0.25; pronotum length 1.0; width across anterior margin 0.8; width across humeral angles 1.65; scutellum: length 0.8; width 0.9; length of fore femora 0.5; fore tibiae 0.65; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.85; hind tibiae 0.9; hind tarsi I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Type data. This species was described based on two females, each specimen mounted on one card. The one with the typical circled red type label bears also the labels: Quique Mts., 7���9000 ft. Champion; BCA., Hem 1, Amnestus stali Dist (type); so this specimen is designated as the Lectotype. The other specimen has the same labels, but also has a label: Distant Coll. 1911 - 383, and a yellow circled Paratype label; so this becomes a Paralectotype. New records. Mexico: Chiapas. Tapalapa, W de Tapalapa, 13 -III- 1994, O. Gomez, 2 &male; (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Guatemala (Froeschner, 1960: Mayorga & Cervantes, 2009)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 428-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337","Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2009) Two new species of Amnestus from Guatemala, with new records for some other Guatemalan burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Zootaxa, 2311, 19 - 37."]}

Amnestus brailovskyi Mayorga & Cervantes Amnestus brailovskyi Mayorga & Cervantes, 2005, 159– 166 Diagnosis. Tylus convex, transversely rough, except apical lobe, juga and anterior half of pronotum with sparse punctures; anterior margin of pronotum concave, delimited by a series of setigerous punctures. Ventral margin of prosternal carina rounded. Body length 2.8 mm. This species is similar to A. calakmulensis, but the tylus on A. brailovskyi has transverse impressions, while A. calakmulensis lacks them. Description. Head, III, IV, and V antennal segments, pronotum, scutellum, and abdomen dark brown. Hemelytra, legs, and rostrum pale yellow. Head. Anterior half without punctures, tylus transversely rough except apical lobe, which has four fine and long spines; rostrum short reaching base of mesosternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, delimited by a series of setigerous punctures, anterior half elevated with sparse punctures, anterolateral margins slightly explanate, posterior half densely punctuated. Propleura dull and smooth, prosternal carina low and with ventral margin lobulate. Mesopleura with evaporatorium expanded towards posterior and lateral margins. Metapleura flat with evaporatorium reaching middle part of pleura, peritreme elongated with dark brown border, posterior margin of evaporatorium with setigerous punctures well defined. Legs. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin; femora with a bifid long spine on posterior mesial region of ventral surface; ventral and dorsal margins of femora smooth, with a simple spine near apex on ventral surface. Scutellum. Triangular, with acute apex, disc dark brown with sparse punctures. Hemelytra. Corium with regularly distributed punctures, clavus with three rows of punctures; membrane hyaline, slightly passing apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Ventrally convex, and covered by fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres large and broad with acute apex, and three long setigerous punctures on central area. Distribution. Mexico: Hidalgo (Mayorga & Cervantes 2005).

Amnestus longinoi Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 2 c, 4g, 5g, 6g, 7g, 8g) Diagnosis. Tylus longer than juga; pronotum slightly convex dorsally with deep and dense punctures on all surfaces, lateral margins carinate; prosternal carina higher on anterior half and curved apically. (Fig. 4g). Description. Head, pronotum, prosternal carina, and abdomen castaneous; antennal and rostral segments and legs pale brown; scutellum and a small macula on basal margin of corium dark brown; hemelytra pale yellow. Head. Posterior half with scattered punctures; tylus longer than juga and with four pegs; juga with five pegs; antennal segment II very short and segment V longer than segments III or IV; rostrum reaching base of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum. Anterior lobe concave with scattered punctures, anterolateral margins entire, slightly carinate; posterior lobe with dense punctures. Propleura. Shiny and smooth; prosternal carina high (Fig. 4g). Mesopleura. Flat, evaporatorium reaching anterior and lateral margins of pleura. Metapleura. Evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins of pleura; peritreme elongated and shiny with apex slightly curved, and posterior margin entire (Fig. 5g). Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin; fore femora with a bifid spine on posterior half of ventral surface (Fig. 6g). Hind femora with a small and simple spine near apex on ventral margin, and another spine near apex on dorsal margin (Fig. 7g). Scutellum. Triangular with acute apex, disc with punctures arranged in rows along lateral margins, and evenly distributed on disc. Hemelytra. Clavus and corium with punctures arranged in rows; membrane hyaline and surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen shiny, with fine hairs evenly distributed. Male genitalia. Parameres small, divided mesially with long setae dorsally and short setae ventrally (Fig. 8g). Male measurements (n= 5). Body length 3.2 �� 0.2; head length 0.41 �� 0.03; width across eyes 0.65; interocular distance 0.4; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.1, III 0.3, IV 0.3, V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.3, II 0.35, III 0.38 �� 0.03, IV 0.24 �� 0.03; pronotum length 1.0; width across anterior margin 0.75; width across humeral angles 1.5 �� 0.2; scutellum: length 0.67 �� 0.08; width 0.86 �� 0.06; length of fore femora 0.60; fore tibiae 0.65; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.81 �� 0.06; hind tibiae 0.90; hind tarsi, I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Female measurements (n= 4). Body length 3.1 �� 0.4; head length 0.47 �� 0.02; width across eyes 0.65; interocular distance 0.4; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.10, III 0.3, IV 0.3, V 0.35; rostral segments: I 0.26 �� 0.04, II 0.35, III 0.35, IV 0.27 �� 0.02; pronotum length 0.92 �� 0.1; width across anterior margin 0.72 �� 0.02; width across humeral angles 1.5 �� 0.1; scutellum: length 0.71 �� 0.08, width 0.85 �� 0.1; length of fore femora 0.53 �� 0.06; fore tibiae 0.62 �� 0.02; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, 0.15; length of hind femora 0.78 �� 0.06; hind tibiae 0.97; hind tarsi, I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype. Male. Mexico: Chiapas, Playon de la Gloria 160 m, 16 �� 9 ' 37 " N, 90 �� 54 ' 05" W, 25���26 -VI- 2008, mature wet forest ex sifted leaf litter, DB, DJC, IMDB, MGB, UC (CNIN). Paratypes. Playon de la Gloria 160 m, 16 �� 9 ' 37 " N, 90 �� 54 ' 05" W, 25���26 -VI- 2008, mature wet forest ex sifted leaf litter DB, DJC, IMDB, MGB, UC, 3 &male;; 8.8 km SE Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 �� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, J.L. Cozar, ANTC # 4225, 1 &male;, 2 &female; (CNIN, ECOSUR); 8.8 km SE Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 �� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, M.G. Branstetter, # 647 - 648, 1 &female;; 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17 �� 30 ' 54 " N, 92 �� 17 ' 43 " W, 70 m, 14 -VI- 2008, wet forest YMRA, MDEM, DJC, JM, JLC, 1 &female; (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico, Chiapas. Etymology. This species is dedicated to John Longino from ECOSUR, Chiapas, who lent us part of the specimens used in this paper., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 413-414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus brunneus Signoret (Fig. 7 o) Amnestus brunneus Signoret, 1883, p. 370 Diagnosis. Among the species with five marginal pegs on juga, A. brunneus may be characterized by the short tylus, which only very slightly surpasses the juga and by the strongly contrasting yellowish in large part of coria, with the dark brownish black pronotum and scutellum. Body length male (2.08 mm), female (2.1 mm). Description. Head. Tylus very slightly surpassing apices of juga; surface shining, strongly punctate on bases of juga and on interocular area; juga with five marginal pegs. Rostrum reaching between middle coxa. Pronotum with anterior margin shallowly emarginated; lateral margins very shallowly emarginated sub-basally; transverse impression moderately indicated, marked by row of course punctures; anterior lobe weakly tumid with two more or less complete rows of coarse punctures subapically and laterally; calli shining with few scattered, minute punctures, midline with double row of fine punctures; posterior lobe, except umbones which project to anterior lobe as a ridge, with numerous separated punctures, becoming finer posteriorly. Hemelytra with few punctures near apex; exocorium closely and uniformly punctured. Prosternal carina not higher than rostral segment II. Legs. Fore femora with premedian, oblique, stout spine unequally furcated; fore tibiae vaguely, obtusely angled ventrally near midlength; hind femora ventrally with slender, oblique, subapical spine about half as long as femoral height, dorsally with distinct, subapical angulation (Fig. 7 o). New records. Hidalgo, Zimapan 26 -III- 1997; H. Brailovsky, 3 &female;, 1 &male;. Distribution. Mexico: Hidalgo, Morelos, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi (Froeschner, 1960; Mayorga 2002)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 405-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337","Mayorga, C. (2002) Revision generica de la familia Cydnidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) en Mexico, con un listado de las especies conocidas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia, 73 (2), 157 - 192."]}

Amnestus bergrothi Distant (Figs. 1 a, 4 a, 5 a, 6 a, 7 a, 8 a) Amnestus bergrothi Distant, 1893, p. 453 Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs; anterior half of head without punctures; prosternal carina high with ventral margin straight (Fig. 4 a); pronotum with anterior half of lateral margins explanate (Fig. 1 a). Allied to Amnestus uhleri, but smaller. Description. Head, antennal segments III, IV, V, anterior half of pronotum, scutellum, and abdominal venter pale brown. Antennal segments I, II, rostral segments, and legs pale yellow. Hemelytra creamy white. Head. Posterior half with punctures; tylus longer than juga; rostrum short, reaching mesosternum. Thorax. Anterior half elevated; anterior and posterior margins concave, anterior half of anterolateral margins expanded. Propleura shiny and polished, prosternal carina high with ventral margin straight (Fig. 4 a). Mesopleura with evaporatorium extended, reaching anterior and lateral margins of pleura. Metapleura with evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins, posterior margin serrated, with fine setae, peritreme elongated and slightly curved, with mesial pale brown sulcus (Fig. 5 a). Legs. Fore tibiae with four robust spines on dorsal margin; fore femora with a mesial bifid spine on ventral margin (Fig. 6 a); hind femora with a simple spine near apex on ventral margin (Fig. 7 a). Scutellum triangular, with evenly distributed punctures on disc. Hemelytra. With dense punctures on all surface, basal margin entire, clavus with three rows of punctures, membrane hyaline surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen ventrally convex with just a few scattered setae. Male genitalia. Parameres swollen, apically short and acute, with ventral margin concave; with three setigerous punctures on external margin and two on internal margin (Fig. 8 a). Male measurements (n= 4). Body length 3.7 �� 0.3; head length 0.55 �� 0.05; width across eyes 0.75 �� 0.05; interocular distance 0.45; interocellar distance 0.22 �� 0.03; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05; III 0.3; IV 0.32 �� 0.03, V 0.32 �� 0.03; rostral segments: I 0.27 �� 0.02, II 0.37 �� 0.03, III 0.3, IV 0.25; pronotum length 1.2 �� 0.2; width across anterior margin 0.82 �� 0.08; width across humeral angles 1.8 �� 0.2; scutellum: length 0.82 �� 0.03; width 1.0 �� 0.1; length of fore femora 0.60 �� 0.05; fore tibiae 0.77 �� 0.03; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.92 �� 0.08; hind tibiae 1.2 �� 0.1; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Type data. Although Distant (1893) did assigned type labels to the specimens (all females), the Holotype was not designated properly because there are two specimens mounted on one card. So here we assigned the specimen mounted on the right side of the card as the Lectotype, this specimen bears three labels: H.H.S. Mexico city; BCA., Hem 1 Amnestus bergrothi Dist (type); and a round red type label. The specimen on the left of the card is designated as a Paralectotype as well as the rest of the series. So there are three Paralectotypes with the same labels of the Lectotype; another Paralectotype from Teapa, Tabasco, Feb. H.H.S.; another from Pantaleon, 1700ft Champion. The specimens listed by Distant (1893) from Due��as and San Ger��nimo are lost and are not deposited in the Natural History Museum of London. The locality of the specimens here designated as Lectotype and Paralectotypes, cited as Mexico City, in our opinion are probable errors, because all other specimens of this species are from the south part of Mexico and Guatemala. Even though the type locality could be a mistake, the type locality is respected. New records. Mexico, Chiapas, Hoyo Don Nicho 8 mi N of Ocozocuautla, 16 -VIII- 1967, J. Reddell, 1 &male;. Guerrero, Acapulco, 10 -X- 1973, H. Brailovsky. 2 &male; (CNIN). Veracruz, Rio Tacolapan Rt. 180 Km. 551, 25��� 26 - VII- 1966, Flint & Ortiz 1 &male; (NMNH). Distribution. Mexico: Mexico City, Chiapas, Guerrero, Tabasco, Veracruz. Guatemala (Distant 1880 ���1893; Froeschner 1960; Mayorga & Cervantes 2009)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 403-405, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1880 - 1893) Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. Vol. 1. London, 462 pp.","Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337","Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2009) Two new species of Amnestus from Guatemala, with new records for some other Guatemalan burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Zootaxa, 2311, 19 - 37."]}

Amnestus lorenae Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 2 d, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h) Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs; anterior disc of pronotum elevated without punctures; prosternal carina low with ventral margin semicircular (Fig. 4 h). Description. Head, antennal segments III, IV, and V, pronotum, prosternal carina, abdominal venter, scutellum, and clavus dark brown. Antennal segments I, II, rostrum, coria, and legs pale brown. Head. Posterior half without punctures; tylus longer than juga, with four robust spines on apex, antennal segment II very short, segment V longest; rostrum reaching halfway onto metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, anterior disc convex without punctures; anterolateral margins carinate, posterior disc with deep punctures. Propleura shiny and smooth; prosternal carina low (Fig. 4 h). Mesopleura flat, evaporatorium extended towards anterior and lateral margins. Metapleura flat, evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins. Peritreme dark brown; with a middle sulcus pale brown; posterior margin of evaporatorium slightly toothed with short hairs (Fig. 5 h). Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin; fore femora with a bifid spine on basal third on ventral surface (Fig. 6 h); ventral and dorsal margins of hind femora smooth, with two simple spines, one on apex of dorsal surface and one on apex of ventral surface (Fig. 7 h). Scutellum triangular, apex acute, disc with scattered punctures. Hemelytra. Corial disc with uniformly distributed punctures; clavus with three rows of pale punctures; membrane hyaline, surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen ventrally convex covered with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres long, swollen, with middle area elongate, apex acute and with two small setigerous punctures on dorsal margin. (Fig. 8 h). Male measurements (n= 3). Body length 3.0; head length 0.46; width across eyes 0.6; interocular distance 0.35; interocellar distance 0.2; antennal segments; I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.23, IV 0.25, V 0.3; rostral segments: I 0.23, II 0.28 �� 0.01, III 0.33 �� 0.02, IV 0.18; pronotum length, 0.83 �� 0.02; width across anterior margin 0.63 �� 0.02; width across humeral angles 1.4, scutellum: length 0.65; width 0.71 ��.04; length of fore femora 0.5; fore tibiae 0.6; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15, length of hind femora 0.75; hind tibiae 0.81 �� 0.04, hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Female measurements (n= 4). Body length 3.1 �� 0.1; head length; 0.43 �� 0.02; width across eyes 0.63 �� 0.02; interocular distance 0.4; interocellar distance 0.23; antennal segments: I 0.15, II 0.05, III 0.25, IV 0.25, V 0.3; rostral segments: I 0.25, II 0.3, III 0.35, IV 0.25 �� 0.05; pronotum length 0.90 �� 0.05; width across anterior margin 0.71 �� 0.04; width across humeral angles 1.4 �� 0.1; scutellum, length 0.66 �� 0.04; width 0.81 ��.04; length of fore femora 0.46 �� 0.04; fore tibiae 0.58 �� 0.03; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 0.76 �� 0.04; hind tibiae 0.86 ��.04; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype. Male. Mexico: Chiapas, Amatenango del Valle, 11 -VIII- 2006, D. N. Velasquez, Amarilla, Parcela 2, Trampa 17 (CNIN). Paratypes: Santiago El Pinar, 20 -VI- 2006, I. A. Uribe, Parcela 2, Trampa Amarilla 5, 1 &male; (ECOSUR); Santiago El Pinar, 22 -VI- 2006, S. S. Sanchez, Parcela 6, Trampa Amarilla 2, 1 &male;; Santiago El Pinar, 22 -VI- 2006, M. B. Brice��o, Manteo, Parcela 6, 2 &female;; Santiago El Pinar, 22 -VI- 2006, M. B. Brice��o, Manteo, Parcela 6, 1 &female;; Santiago El Pinar, 24 -VI- 2006, I. A. Uribe, Pit fall, Parcela 10, Trampa 17, 1 &female; (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Lorena Ruiz Montoya from ECOSUR, Chiapas, who lent us some of the specimens used in this paper., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus pusillus Uhler (Fig. 7 q) Amnestus pusillus Uhler, 1876, p. 278 Diagnosis. The male of this species can be recognized by the presence on the hind femora of a ventral, subapical spine which is more than one-third as long as the tibiae. The female is marked by the presence of a flattened, polished, glabrous area on the middle of the last sternite and the presence of a short, oblique, subapical spine on the ventral margin of the hind femora. Body length 2.08 to 2.66 mm. Description. General coloration yellowish, coria, legs, and rostrum usually paler. Head. Tylus longer than juga; latter with four marginal pegs becoming finer toward eye; surface except tylus roughly punctuate; rostrum reaching bases of hind coxae. Pronotum with transverse impression distinct, marked by regular row of coarser, closer punctures; anterior lobe with coarse punctures in three or four rows laterally and subapical, and along midline and scattered over calli; posterior lobe, except umbones, abundantly punctuate. Mesocorium discally with single, irregular row of fine punctures; exocorium punctuate for full width. Prosternal carina almost as high as rostral segment II, abruptly terminated posteriorly. Fore femora ventrally with submedian spine very short, simple; fore tibiae with two prominent spines on lower edge; hind femora ventrally with subapical spine very long, more than one third the length of hind tibia (Fig. 7 q). Distribution. Mexico: Nuevo Leon. Canada. United States of America. Guatemala (Froeschner 1960, Mayorga 2002)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337","Mayorga, C. (2002) Revision generica de la familia Cydnidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) en Mexico, con un listado de las especies conocidas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia, 73 (2), 157 - 192."]}

Amnestus ficus Mayorga & Cervantes (Fig. 7 p) Amnestus ficus Mayorga & Cervantes, 2001, 394��� 397 Diagnosis. Jugum with five spines, posterior part of pronotum slightly elevated; ventral margin of prosternal carina straight. Head, pronotum, scutellum and prosternal carina dark brown; marginal carina of pronotum, clavus, corium and abdominal venter light brown; antennae, rostrum and legs pale yellow. Body length 2.82 to 2.98 mm. Description. Head. Posterior part with numerous punctures; tylus longer than jugum with four robust pegs on apex; rostrum reaching metasternum. Pronotum. With an elevated and punctured area in the middle part; anterior and posterior border concave, anterolateral borders carinate, rounded slightly constricted at posterior margin. Prosternal carina with the ventral margin straight. Legs. Fore tibiae with seven spines on its dorsal margin and three spines on its ventral margin; fore femora with a bifid spine on the middle of ventral surface; ventral margin of hind femora serrated and with a small, bifid spine near apex (Fig. 7 p). Scutellum. With randomly distributed punctures. Hemelytra. Punctures uniformly distributed; clavus with three rows of punctures; distal margin sinuate; hemelytral membrane translucent extending beyond the apex of last abdominal segment. Male genitalia. Parameres very small, slightly clavate with a spine on one side, resembling a chicken head in lateral view; numerous hairs on the round end. Distribution. Mexico: Veracruz (Mayorga & Cervantes 2001)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2001) Life cycle and description of a new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Cydnidae) associated with the fruits of several species of Ficus (Moraceae) in Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 109 (3 - 4), 392 - 402. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2001) 109 [0392: lcadoa] 2.0. co; 2"]}

Amnestus dallasi Distant Amnestus dallasi Distant, 1893, p. 453. Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs, posterior lobe of pronotum and scutellum thickly and coarsely punctuate. Prosternal carina elevated with ventral margin triangular. Original description. Black; antennae, eyes, lateral margins of the pronotum, a broad sublateral fascia to the corium, and the legs pale castaneous; membrane pale ochraceous and subhyaline, the base and apex very pale castaneous. Head coarsely punctate, with the frontal and marginal spines well developed; pronotum with an obscure transverse incision, the anterior lobe with a few scattered discal punctures, and thickly and coarsely punctate at the lateral margins, posterior lobe and scutellum thickly and coarsely punctate; corium more finely punctate, the posterior discal and marginal area impunctate. Long. 5 mm. Type data. This species was described based on only one female, so the specimen is mounted on one card and bears three labels: Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 4600 ft. June H.H. Smith; BCA., Hem 1, Amnestus dallasi Dist (type); and the typical circled red type label. So this specimen is designated as the Lectotype., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 409, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus marcelae Mayorga and Cervantes n. sp. (Figs. 3 a, 4 i, 5 i, 6 i, 7 i, 8 i) Diagnosis. Anterior disc of pronotum elevated without punctures, anterior margin with a series of deep submarginal punctures; prosternal carina with ventral margin straight (Fig. 4 i). Description. Head, antennal segments III, IV, and V, pronotum, prosternal carina, ostiole, abdominal venter, and scutellum dark brown. Antennal segments I and II, clavus, corium, and legs pale brown; rostral segments and tarsi of all legs pale yellow. Head. Interocular area rugose; tylus with four pegs on apex and slightly longer than juga; antennal segment II very short; rostrum reaching anterior margin of mesosternum. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin concave, anterior half convex, without punctures, anterior half of anterolateral margins carinate; with abundant deep punctures posteriorly. Propleura shiny and polished, with a series of fine hairs close to prosternal carina (Fig. 4 i). Mesopleura flat, evaporatorium extended towards anterior and lateral margins. Metapleura flat, evaporatorium reaching posterior and lateral margins, peritreme long with shiny margins; posterior margin of evaporatorium with deep punctures (Fig. 5 i). Legs. Fore tibiae with five spines on dorsal margin and slightly sinuate on ventral margin; fore femora with a mesial, bifid spine (Fig. 6 i). Hind femora with dorsal and ventral margins smooth, with a small spine on the apex of dorsal surface, and with a simple spine near apex on ventral surface; hind tibiae, with basal half flat and with a small spine near base on ventral surface (Fig. 7 i). Scutellum triangular, apex acute, scattered punctures on disc. Hemelytra. Clavus with three rows of punctures; mesocorium uniformly punctured; membrane hyaline, surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen convex, covered with fine hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres broad at middle, apically elongated, with two setigerous punctures on apex of dorsal surface (Fig. 8 i). Male measurements (n= 2). Body length 4.2; head length 0.55; width across eyes 0.75; interocular distance 0.45; interocellar distance 0.25; antennal segments: I 0.20, II 0.05, III 0.40, IV 0.35, V 0.40; rostral segments: I 0.30, II 0.35, III 0.35, IV 0.25; pronotum length 1.25; width across anterior margin 0.85; width across humeral angles 1.8; scutellum: length 0.95; width 1.1; length of fore femora 0.6; fore tibiae 0.8; fore tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15; length of hind femora 1.0; hind tibiae 1.2; hind tarsi: I 0.1, II 0.05, III 0.15. Holotype. Male: Chiapas, Amatenango del Valle, 12 -VIII- 2006; M. B. Brice��o, Necrotrampa, Parcela 5, Trampa 12 (CNIN). Paratypes. Chiapas, Angel Albino Corzo, Reserva El Triunfo, Road to Finca Prusia near campamento, 16���20 -XI- 2001, P. Kovarik, R.W. Jones, yellow pan trap, 15 �� 23 ' 39 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 12 " W, 2020 m, 1 &male;. Chiapas, Angel Albino Corzo, Reserva El Triunfo, Road to Finca Prusia near campamento, 16���20 -XI- 2001, P. Kovarik, yellow pan trap, 15 �� 23 ' 39 " N, 92 �� 29 ' 12 " W, 2020 m, campamento Transect site # 5 flight intercept trap, 1 &female; (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Marcela Brice��o B��ez, who collected many of the specimens., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 415, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144

Amnestus calakmulensis Mayorga & Cervantes Amnestus calakmulensis Mayorga & Cervantes, 2005, 166��� 167 Diagnosis. Tylus longer than juga, ventral margin of prosternal carina slightly toothy, fore tibiae with five spines on external margin; head, pronotum, scutellum, abdomen, and costal margin dark brown; antenna, rostrum, marginal carina of pronotum, and legs pale yellow. Body length 2.58 to 2.8 mm. Description. Head. Anterior half without punctures: tylus longer than juga, rostrum reaching middle part of metasternum. Thorax. Pronotum with transverse impression strongly marked with setigerous punctures, anterior margin concave, anterolateral margins carinate and toothy, posterior margin rounded. Propleura shiny; prosternal carina high with its anterior margin slightly toothy, and with ventral margin rounded. Mesopleura with evaroratorium flat, extended along pleura, on metapleura it reaches only middle part of pleura, peritreme elongated, slightly curved, and posterior margin with a rough surface area well defined. Legs. Fore tibiae with five robust spines on dorsal margin, fore femora with a bifid spine on middle part of ventral margin, hind femora with a simple spine on ventral margin, near apex. Scutellum. Wider than long, with punctures arranged on lines over anterolateral margins and punctures uniformly arranged on disc. Hemelytra. Clavus and corium with punctures arranged on longitudinal rows, middle part of apical region of mesocorium with punctures, distal margin sinuate, hemelytral membrane hyaline, longer than apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Shiny, without lateral hairs. Male genitalia. Parameres small with a triangular apex and with three setigerous punctures. Distribution. Mexico: Campeche (Mayorga & Cervantes 2005)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2005) Description of six new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 113 (3 - 4), 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2005) 113 [0159: dosnso] 2.0. co; 2"]}

Amnestus uhleri Distant (Fig. 10 a) Amnestus uhleri Distant, 1880, p. 453 Diagnosis. The large size of the body and the greatly elongated clypeus strongly mark this species as different from all others in the genus. Body length 4.04 to 4.46 mm. Description. Head. Tylus surpassing truncated apices of juga, surface irregular, impunctate, shining; juga with five marginal pegs becoming thicker and longer distally (Fig. 10 a). Pronotum. Anterior margin shallowly and simply emarginated, anterior angles round; lateral margins entire, transverse impression moderate, punctuate; anterior lobe tumid, impunctate except for single lateral subapical row of very closely set, coarse punctures; posterior lobe, except umbones, with numerous small punctures. Prosternal carinae about as high as labial II, evanescent anteriorly, obtusely angled posteriorly. Scutellum. Width greater than length. Hemelytron. Mesocorium with numerous punctures becoming finer and closer apically; exocorium with numerous punctures becoming obsolete toward costa; costa subparallel on basal half. Legs. Fore femora ventrally with premedian stout, unequally furcated spine; fore tibiae with ventral margin straight, neither angled nor toothed medially; hind femora with subapical spine almost rectangularly bent at middle. New records. Mexico, Chipas, Ocosingo Chajul, 29 -V- 1999, L. Cervantes, 1 &female;, 4 &male;; Ocosingo Reserva Montes Azules, 29 -V- 1999, L. Cervantes, 2 &female;, 1 &male;; 2 km SE Custepec, 1520 m, 17 -V-2008, 15�� 43 ' 14 " N, 92 �� 57 ' 02" W, LLAMA Wa-A-02- 1 -all, JLC, EORD, JM, 3 &male;, 6 &female;. (CNIN, IEXA). Villa Corzo Ejido Sierra Morena, R. Biosfera La Sepultura, 16 �� 09' 40 " N, 93 �� 36 ' 0" W, 15 -V- 2008, R. Anderson, 1367 m, Liquidambar forest litter 2008 -008, 2 &male;, 4 &female;. Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas, State of Mexico, Veracruz. (Froeschner, 1960: Mayorga, 2002)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on page 429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1880 - 1893) Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. Vol. 1. London, 462 pp.","Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337","Mayorga, C. (2002) Revision generica de la familia Cydnidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) en Mexico, con un listado de las especies conocidas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia, 73 (2), 157 - 192."]}

Amnestus carinatus Mayorga and Cervantes Amnestus carinatus Mayorga and Cervantes, 2005, 167��� 168 Diagnosis. Juga with five pegs; anterior half of head without punctures; prosternal carina elevated with a small groove on ventral margin, lateral margins of pronotum widely explanate. Body length 3.3 to 3.7 mm. Description. Head. Anterior half smooth; tylus longer than juga; rostrum short reaching mesosternum. Pronotum. Anterior half slightly elevated, anterior and posterior borders concave, anterolateral margins strongly explanate, and posterior margin of pronotum rounded. Propleura shiny and smooth; mesopleura with evaporatorium extended towards margin, and a small groove above opening. Peritreme of metapleura elongate, slightly curved; posterior margin serrated with transverse surface rough. Scutellum. Disc with regularly distributed punctures. Hemelytra. Weakly punctured; lateral margin toothed basally, clavus with three rows of punctures, apical margin of corium entire; hemelytral membrane hyaline, and surpassing apex of abdomen. Abdomen. Shiny, ventrally convex, with short setae laterally. Legs. Fore tibiae with six robust spines on dorsal margin and one on ventral margin near apex; fore femora with a bifid spine mesially on ventral surface, and hind femora with a bifid spine near apex on ventral margin. Old records. Chiapas, Reserve El Ocote (Mayorga & Cervantes 2005) New records. Playon de la Gloria 160, 25- 26 -VI-2008, 16�� 09' 37 " N, 90 �� 54 ' 05" W, DB, DJC, IMDB, MGB, UC, 2 &male;, 6 &female; (ECOSUR 1 &male;, 1 &female;); 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17 �� 30 ' 54 " N, 92 �� 17 ' 43 " W, 70m, 14 -VI- 2008, YMRA, MDEM, DJC, JM, JLC, 2 &male;, 1 &female;; 8.8 km SE Salto de Agua, 50 m, 17 �� 30 ��� N, 92 �� 17 ��� W, 14 -VII- 2007, M. G. Branstetter, 1 &male;, 1 &female;. Bonampak, 20 -V- 1980, H. Brailovsky, 1 &male;, light trap; Presa Pe��itas, 5 -III- 1988, R. Barba, E. Barrera, A. Cadena, 1 &male; (CNIN). Distribution. Mexico: Chiapas (Mayorga & Cervantes 2005)., Published as part of Martinez, Cristina Mayorga & Peredo, Luis Cervantes, 2014, The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas, pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 3779 (4) on pages 406-407, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225144, {"references":["Mayorga, C. & Cervantes, L. (2005) Description of six new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 113 (3 - 4), 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2005) 113 [0159: dosnso] 2.0. co; 2"]}

Martinez, Cristina Mayorga, Peredo, Luis Cervantes (2014): The genus Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae) in Mexico, with the description of eleven new species from Chiapas. Zootaxa 3779 (4): 401-432, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.4.1

We study the Horn problem in the context of algebraic codes on a smooth projective curve defined over a finite field, reducing the problem to the representation theory of the special linear group $SL(2,F_q)$. We characterize the coefficients that appear in the Kronecker product of symmetric functions in terms of Gromov-Witten invariants of the Hilbert scheme of points in the plane. In addition we classify all the algebraic codes defined over the normal rational curve providing an algorithm to compute set of generators of the ideal associated to any algebraic code constructed on the NRC over an extension $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}$ of $\mathbb{F}_{q}$., Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure, 1 table

Regional Development Networks of private and public organisations is a contemporary phenomenon that is reshaping strategies of local development by introducing new agents and more dynamism and flexibility in the decision making process. This approach reflects new trends in corporate and business development, balancing the tensions produced by competition and collaboration. Regions as networks incubators are regions with specific characteristics enhancing an emergent and evolving movement of networking between organisations working for the regional development. The purpose of this paper is to present the network scenario of two regions from Spain and Australia that exemplify the emergence and evolution of networks' incubator and the relevance to their regional development. Both regions are facing economic restructuring as a result of regional spatial competition on the global market. These regions could be characterised as learning regions and a definition of the network incubator will be provided. The paper will argue that regional networks are a development tool, which could act as a catalyst in stimulating economic revitalisation. It is possible to engineer this tool, stimulating the conditions of the region as a network incubator. Key Words: regions of networks' incubators, learning regions, local development

Samples of Activity Cards. (PDF 242 kb)