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The increasing popularity of cognitive interventions for patients with psychosis calls for further exploration on how these interventions may benefit functional outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions (i.e. Cognitive Remediation, Cognitive Training, Social Cognition, and their combination) on functioning of patients with recent onset psychosis, established as the period within the first five years from the first episode. The following databases were searched: Proquest, PUBMED/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WOS, Scopus for research published until January 2022. In total, 12 studies were eligible. The total number of participants was 759, of which 32.2% in the intervention and 30.8% in the control group were female. We extracted data to calculate the standardized mean change from pre-test to post-test comparing the intervention with the control conditions. Overall, there was no effect of any of the cognitive intervention types on functioning. None of the examined factors (intervention type, length, and modality; control condition, follow-up time; cognitive functions; medication; symptoms) seemed to moderate these findings. Our results indicate that cognitive interventions as standalone interventions do not appear to improve functioning in patients with recent onset psychosis. Given the small number of eligible studies, further RCTs with larger and more refined samples are needed to test whether these interventions should be applied as single interventions with these patients.

In the framework of a research project on corticioid fungi (Basidiomycota) from Cape Verde, we collected several specimens provisionally assigned to Coniophora sp. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses, we identified these specimens as C. eremophila Lindsey & Gilb. These records extend the geographical distribution of this species by approximately 8,800 km in a straight line west to east, from its previously known North American locality and 8,700 km southwest to northeast from the other known locality in Chile. The pres-ence of the genus Coniophora is reported for the first time in the Cape Verde Archipelago.

El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre el mundo de la discapacidad realizado en Castilla y León a finales del año 2019. El objetivo es conocer la opinión de las personas que atienden y dan apoyo a personas con discapacidad, sus necesidades, demandas y vivencias, así como las propuestas de recursos socio-sanitarios. La investigación se basa en la realización de entrevistas y aplicación de la Escala de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit, aplicados a una muestra de 273 cuidadores de personas con discapacidad. Como resultados destacan la desatención a los problemas de cuidadores y personas con discapacidad en el mundo rural, la falta de oportunidades y escasos apoyos que reciben los cuidadores en el desempeño de sus tareas. Las respuestas tradicionales no son suficientes para mejorar las cualificaciones y servicios, ni alcanzar derechos y reivindicaciones que pongan en valor el trabajo que realizan. El grado de autonomía funcional de la persona con discapacidad influye en la calidad de vida percibida por las personas cuidadoras. La sensación de sobrecarga del cuidado es mayor en función del grado de discapacidad de la persona atendida y de los apoyos recibidos en el núcleo familiar. El cuidado sigue siendo una tarea esencialmente femenina., The article presents the results of a study about disability carried out in the Spanish region of Castile and León in 2019. Its aim is to uncover the opinion, needs, demands and experiences of those in charge of taking care of and providing support to people with disability, as well as the possible recommendations in terms of socio-sanitary resources. The methodology consisted of direct interviews, conducted through a semi-structured questionnaire and the application of the Zarit Caregiver Overload Scale to a sample of 273 caregivers of people with disabilities. Some of the main findings were related to the neglect experienced by both, caregivers and people with disabilities, in rural areas, the lack of opportunities and the limited support that caregivers receive in the performance of their duties. Conclusion: classic and traditional responses are not sufficient to improve qualifications and services, nor to achieve rights and claims capable of valuing the work they do. The degree of functional autonomy of people with disabilities impacts the caregivers’ living standards. Furthermore, the caregivers’ feeling of overload depends, to a large extent, on the degree of disability of the person being cared for and the support received within the immediate family. Caring is still an essentially feminine task.

Actividad Física y Deporte

El objetivo de este manual, así es denominado por los autores en el prólogo, es ofrecer propuestas educativas y herramientas suficientes para desarrollar el currículo de Geometría en Primaria utilizando algo más que el libro de texto. El presente libro es útil por un lado para estudiantes de las Facultades de Educación y por otro para profesores en ejercicio ya que les puede facilitar su labor en la escuela.

El texto literal con el que abordo este relato brinda al lector un primer contacto con este libro, fruto de los diálogos abiertos sostenidos con numerosos maestros, gracias a las múltiples actividades de formación permanente del profesorado, en educación matemática, que ha llevado a cabo el autor en su amplia trayectoria profesional.

Tesis doctoral presentada para lograr el título de Doctor por la Universidad de Oviedo, Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y Bioalimentaria.--Calificación: Sobresaliente Cum Laude

Socio-relational aspects are essential for mental wellbeing (MWB), especially in the oldest old age. Our study aims to explore the socio-relational aspects related to MWB in accordance with the experiences of the oldest old of four European countries; and to examine how these differ between Mediterranean and Nordic people. A total of 117 participants aged 80+ years old were recruited, and 23 focus groups were performed. Qualitative content analysis identified five main themes. Family seemed to be the most important driver of the MWB of the oldest old, followed by relationships with close friends. Participants felt better when they had a sense of being needed, cared for, and connected. Loneliness and isolation negatively affected MWB, although solitude was appreciated. Differences appeared between Mediterranean and Nordic regions. Initiatives to promote positive interactions with family and friends, as well as social activities within the community, may contribute to strengthening MWB in the oldest old.

A priority in Intelligent Virtual Agents Systems (IVAS) and multi- Intelligent Virtual Agents Systems (mlVAS) is to introduce human-like sensitiva perception. Within the cognitive research área, there are some studies underwriting that human perception can be understood as a first level of an "awareness model" [Endsley 88], [Endsley 93]. FoUowing from this research, we have developed a human-like perceptual model based on one of the most successful awareness models in Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), called the Spatial Model of Interaction (SMI), which manages awareness in CoUaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) through a set of key concepts. This perceptual model extends the key concepts of the SMI by introducing some human-like factors typical of human perception, which are reinterpreted with the aim of introducing them as the key concepts of an IVA human-like perceptual model. Agent perceptual capabilities should faithñilly resemble those of a human being. This is the first time that an awareness model designed for CSCW applications has been reinterpreted as an IVA perceptual model. We have focused on two senses -visión and hearing-, and some representative perceptual factors - like Sense Acuity or Sense Transition Región. Having formalised the perceptual model, we selected an appropriate agent architecture on which to use and test this perceptual model. We selected a vertical layered architecture, Nilsson's Triple Tower Model. The introduction of this perceptual model into the agent perceptual block has required the creation of a perceptual engine to maiiage not just the sensitive agent perception but also some other extemal and additional factors, such as attenuation. The agent's perception is composed of three modules: Sensitive Perception, Attenuation and Interna! Filtering. The sensitive perception module simulates the human process of perception by which organisms receive sensations from the environment, depending on some relevant sensorial concepts: Human Factors, Physical Factors, Object Factors and Adaptors. The implementation of our perceptual model has another important goal; our system introduces a semi-centralised approach to perception. This means that each agent is responsible for just part of its own perception, while the system is responsible for the rest. The final perceptual model allows an IVA to perceive its environment and surrounding objects in real-time with a human-like clarity of perception, gaining knowledge about its surroundings and experiencing any virtual simulated environment. The resulting perceptual model was designed to allow an IVA to be "aware" of the objects that the agent can perceive with a human-like clarity of perception Una prioridad en Sistemas de Agentes Virtuales Inteligentes (AVis) y sistemas multi-Agentes Virtuales Inteligentes (mAVIs), es introducir una percepción sensitiva similar a la que poseen los seres humanos. Algunos estudios dentro del área de investigación cognitiva introducen la percepción humana como el primer nivel de un modelo de "awareness^^^" [Endsley 88], [Endsley 93]. Basándonos en estos estudios, nosotros hemos desarrollado un modelo de percepción basado en uno de los más conocidos modelos de "awareness" desarrollados para trabajo colaborativo (CSCW). Este modelo es conocido "Modelo Espacial de Interacción" (MEI) y gobierna "awareness" en Entornos Virtuales Colaborativos (EVC). Este modelo de percepción extiende los conceptos fundamentales del MEI, introduciendo algunos factores propios de la percepción en humanos, reinterpreta estos conceptos clave con el fin de introducirlos en el sistema perceptivo de un AVI. De este modo, las capacidades perceptivas de un AVI serían similares a las de un humano. Esta es la primera vez que un miodelo de "awareness" diseñado para trabajo colaborativo (CSCW) es reinterpretado como un modelo de percepción para AVIs. Nos hemos centrado en los sentidos más utilizados en Entornos Virtuales (EV) por el momento — visión y oído - y en algxonos factores característicos del sistema perceptivo humano como son la Agudeza Sensitiva o la Región de Transición Sensorial. Una vez formalizado el modelo, hemos seleccionado una arquitectura de agentes para poder introducir, usar y validar nuestro modelo. De entre todas las posibles arquitecturas, hemos seleccionado el Modelo de Triple Torre de Nilsson. La introducción de este modelo de percepción dentro de la arquitectura de agente seleccionada ha requerido la creación de un "motor de percepción" que permita manejar no sólo la percepción sensitiva del agente sino también algunos factores externos y adicionales tales como la atenuación. Dentro del bloque de percepción del agente hemos querido distinguir tres módulos diferentes: Percepción Sensitiva, Atenuación y Filtros Internos. La percepción sensitiva simula el proceso de percepción humano por el cual los organismos sensoriales reciben sensaciones del entorno, dependiendo de algunos factores conceptos sensoriales relevantes: Factores Humanos, Factores del Objeto y Adaptadores. El modelo de percepción resultante permite que un AVI perciba, en tiempo real, el entorno que le rodea con una claridad de percepción similar a la de un ser humano mediante un. modelo semi-centratizado de percepción.

The first Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is located in the northern site of CTA, the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the island of La Palma. The LST-1 started its commissioning phase in November 2019 and has been collecting data since then. In August 2021 an outburst from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, a binary system consisting of a red giant and a white dwarf, was reported in optical and high energy (HE) gamma rays. The LST-1 observed RS Ophiuchi during several nights coincident with the outburst and detected a signal of very-high energy (VHE) gamma rays together with the current generation of gamma-ray observatories. This is the first time a nova is detected in the VHE range. In this contribution the results from the LST-1 observations will be presented.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S in red blood cells. This polymerizes, distorting the red blood cells, which occlude the microcirculation and have a shorter halflife, giving rise to a chronic hemolytic anemia. This anemia is worsened by parvovirus B19, as it compromises the erythroid precursor, causing a decrease in erythrocyte production. These patients sometimes present with splenic sequestration, characterized by acute blood entrapment in the spleen, with clinical signs of hypovolemic shock. The simultaneous appearance of both leads to an extremely severe situation that requires urgent action. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with SCD and splenic sequestration, in which the suspicion of concomitant aplastic crisis affected her prognosis. Clinical case: 3-year-old girl with homozygous SCD, presenting with fever, cough, vomiting and pain in the lower limbs. Upon arrival, hemodynamic instability, mucocutaneous pallor, and splenomegaly were observed. Hemogram on admission showed an acute drop in haemoglobin level with reticulocytopenia. Splenic sequestration was suspected, along with aplastic crisis, so she received a blood transfusion, subsequently showing progressive improvement. Human parvovirus B19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in the serum. Conclusion: Patients with SCD and parvovirus B19 infection must be closely observed for splenomegaly since an early identification of an enlarging spleen can lead to an early diagnosis of this complication. Keywords: Sickle cell disease; child; human parvovirus b19; splenomegaly; aplastic anemia; splenic sequestration.

"La presente edición de Cuadernos del Ciesal, correspondiente al primer semestre de 2022, es un compendio de artículos que expresan la diversidad de problemas que pueden abordarse desde la perspectiva interdisciplinar, de acuerdo a los objetivos de nuestra revista. Al mismo tiempo, presenta una pluralidad de enfoques a nivel temporal y respecto de la escala espacial, sea en el plano local, regional y/o nacional. No obstante, esa diversidad se articula a partir de dos grandes ejes: uno que se inscribe en el campo de los estudios históricos, atravesando distintos momentos del complejo siglo XX en América Latina; y otro que aborda cuestiones propias del paradigma tardo-moderno, de gran impacto en los albores del presente siglo, sobre todo en el campo de la cultura, las identidades y el género, tanto como en la reconfiguración de los vínculos entre las sociedades y la política..." Fil: Martín, María Pía. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina.

ObjectivesInduction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by definitive treatment is an accepted non-surgical approach for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). However, ICT remains a challenge for cisplatin-unfit patients. We evaluated paclitaxel and cetuximab (P-C) as ICT in a cohort of LA-HNSCC patients unfit for cisplatin.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of patients with newly diagnosed LA-HNSCC considered unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy (age >70 and/or ECOG≥2 and/or comorbidities) treated with weekly P-C followed by definitive radiotherapy and cetuximab (RT-C) between 2010 and 2017. Toxicity and objective response rate (ORR) to ICT and RT-C were collected. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine baseline predictors of OS and PFS.ResultsA total of 57 patients were included. Grade 3–4 toxicity rate to ICT was 54.4%, and there was a death deemed treatment-related (G5). P-C achieved an ORR of 66.7%, including 12.3% of complete responses (CR). After P-C, 45 patients (78.9%) continued with concomitant RT-C. Twenty-six patients (45.6%) achieved a CR after definitive treatment. With a median follow-up of 21.7 months (range 1.2–94.6), median OS and PFS were 22.9 months and 10.7 months, respectively. The estimated 2-year OS and PFS rates were 48.9% and 33.7%, respectively. Disease stage had a negative impact on OS (stage IVb vs. III–IVa: HR = 2.55 [1.08–6.04], p = 0.03), with a trend towards worse PFS (HR = 1.92 [0.91–4.05], p = 0.09). Primary tumor in the larynx was associated with improved PFS but not OS (HR = 0.45 [0.22–0.92], p = 0.03, and HR = 0.69 [0.32–1.54], p = 0.37, respectively).ConclusionP-C was a well-tolerated and active ICT regimen in this cohort of LA-HNSCC patients unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. P-C might represent a valid ICT option for unfit patients and may aid patient selection for definitive treatment.

Trabajo presentado al XIII Workshop Sociedad Española de Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, celebrado en Valencia (España), del 7 la 9 de junio de 2022.

Objective To analyse the combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve (CR) on cognition over a three-year follow-up period; and to explore this relationship specifically in individuals aged 65+ years. Design Data from the 'Edad con Salud' project were analysed (n = 1,144; 50+ years). Main outcome measures The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to evaluate depression. CR was assessed with the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. Episodic memory was assessed with the word list memory and recall. Verbal fluency was measured through the animal naming task. Random coefficient regression analyses were performed. Results Depression was associated with lower scores in episodic memory, whereas increased levels of CR were related with higher scores across all the cognitive tests. Among older-aged individuals, cognition decreased at lower levels of CR regardless of depression, while participants with depression exhibited decreased values in both measures of memory at higher levels of CR. Conclusion Depression and CR were related with cognitive performance. Among older individuals, those with low levels of CR may constitute a vulnerable group with poor cognitive prognosis, whilst a harmful effect of depression on memory performance was observed among individuals with greater CR. Further evidence needs to be gathered to understand these associations.

Extensive work has established the importance of the gut microbiota during the first years of life. However, there are few longitudinal studies describing the role of infants' diet on the evolution of the fecal microbiota and their metabolic activity during this stage. The aim of this work was to explore the impact of diet on the composition of the major intestinal microorganisms and their main microbial metabolites from birth to 12 months. This is a longitudinal prospective study of diet and fecal microbiota. Bacterial groups levels were determined by qPCR and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations by gas chromatography. Information from self-administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency were obtained from a cohort of 83, Spanish and full-term, infants at 15, 90, 180 and 365 days of age. Results revealed that Enterobacteriaceae decrease in weaning period contrary to Bacteroides group and Clostridium cluster IV. Conclusion: our study supports weaning period as a key step for gut microbiota transition and suggests the importance of the consumption of dietary fiber with the increase of certain bacterial groups as Clostridium cluster IV, which could be beneficial for the host. Finally, studies specially designed to analyze the production and the excretion of SCFAs in children are needed to understand how diet could influence in this process.

To analyze the association between diverse medical conditions and depressive symptoms in different profiles of dementia caregivers based on sex and kinship (wives, husbands, daughters, and sons).Individual interviews were conducted with 338 dementia family caregivers. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Spanish version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Medical conditions encompassed the following physical diseases: high cholesterol, osteoarthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular, brain, kidney, liver, and stomach diseases.Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify determinants associated to thepresenceof depressive symptoms.High cholesterol was the most frequent disease among caregivers.Significant differences among groups were found in depressive symptoms: between wives (50.60%) and husbands (28.40%),(p = 0.033), and between daughters (57.00%) and husbands (p = 0.001). Half of the sonsreported thepresenceof depressive symptoms. In daughters, depressive symptomatology was significantly more likely whether they presented a worse reaction to disruptive behaviors, a poor assessment of global deterioration of care recipient, and less perceived health status. Furthermore, daughters were 1.94 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms if they presented medical conditions (p = 0.017).Daughter caregivers that have depressive and physical diseases may be an especially vulnerable subgroup of caregivers that may not be the ideal population to provide care. Access to high-quality, evidence-based therapies focused on improving caregivers' physical health could have a positiveeffecton thepresenceof depressive symptoms, particularly in the case of daughter caregivers.

En este artículo presentamos los resultados obtenidos al analizar las actividades en las que intervienen tablas estadísticas en un grupo de libros de texto. Analizamos cuatro libros de texto de dos editoriales distintas, dos de primero y dos de segundo año de Educación Primaria en Chile. Usamos una metodología cualitativa, mediante un análisis de contenido en las unidades relacionadas con “Estadística y Probabilidades” de cada libro de texto, estableciendo, además, comparaciones entre ellos. Los resultadosdestacan el predominio de tablas de conteo; el nivel de lectura “leer dentro de los datos” que lleva asociada el desarrollo de cálculos y/o comparaciones; el contexto personal; la actividad de calcular y la variable cualitativa nominal. El estudio revela la existencia de diferencias relacionadas con la cantidad yvariedad de actividades entre los libros de texto, que deben ser superadas para una mejora de los proceso de instrucción en los que se usan estos libros de texto como principal herramienta de apoyo.

Objectives The number of older adults is rapidly rising globally. Loneliness is a common problem that can deteriorate health. The aims of this work were to identify different types of loneliness (transient and chronic) and to assess their association with depression over time. Methods A nationally representative sample from the Spanish population comprising 1190 individuals aged 50+ years was interviewed on three evaluations over a 7-year period. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness. While chronic loneliness was defined as the presence of loneliness across all three waves, transient loneliness expressed the presence of loneliness in one wave only. A 12-month major depressive episode was assessed at each interview. After confirming the cross-sectional relationship, a multilevel mixed-effects model was used to examine the association between loneliness and depression. Results Almost a quarter of individuals felt lonely and one out of 10 presented depression at baseline. Of the sample, 22.78% showed transient loneliness, while 6.72% presented the chronic type. People experiencing chronic loneliness were at a higher risk of presenting major depression (OR = 6.11; 95% CI = 2.62, 14.22) than those presenting transient loneliness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.19, 4.14). This association varied over time and was stronger at the first follow-up than at the second one. Conclusions Focusing on loneliness prevention could reduce the risk of depression. Chronic loneliness is a public health problem that should be addressed through the full participation of the political, social, and medical sectors.

Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a core component of healthy aging to be promoted among older adults. This study aims to analyze whether there are subgroups with different trajectories in the main components of SWB (i.e. positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) within the older population, and identify potential determinants of these heterogeneous trajectories. We analyzed data on 1,189 Spanish older adults aged 50 +, collected as part of a nationwide representative longitudinal survey. We used a growth mixture modeling approach to identify heterogeneous trajectories within each SWB component, and logistic and multinomial regressions to explore the associated determinants. In addition to a predominant trajectory with above neutral, relatively stable scores on each SWB outcome, we found an additional trajectory with worse scores throughout all older adulthood for all SWB components, alongside a trajectory with a better life satisfaction. Depression, loneliness, disability, income, education, marital status, physical activity, and occupational status were found to be significant determinants of the membership to different trajectories. Our results suggest that there is no unitary trajectory of SWB in the older population regarding any of its components. Moreover, they point at the appropriateness of programs aimed at promoting or counteracting the aspects that may respectively prevent or facilitate pertaining to the trajectories with worst long-term outcomes as an effective way of enhancing healthy aging.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. Meta-Analyses of Adherence outcome and Subgroup Analyses.

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-cet-10.1177_14777509221094483 for The ethical implications of preventing hospital delirium in older adults: A scoping review by Janet Delgado, Ana Toledo Chávarri, Ana María de Pascual y Medina, Beatriz León Salas, María del Mar Trujillo Martín and Pedro Serrano Aguilar in Clinical Ethics

El crecimiento de la inflación, por los mayores precios de las materias primas y de la energía y el aumento de la demanda, ha incidido en las decisiones de los principales bancos centrales.

We review the relation between the classical formulas of the pre-Schwarzian and Schwarzian derivatives of locally univalent analytic functions and the derivatives of the generating functions of the methods due to Newton and Halley, respectively, for approximating zeros. We extend these relations to the cases when the functions considered are harmonic.

En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia con el uso de un recurso didáctico particular en un curso universitario de Ética para Ingenieros. El recurso consiste en un breve relato de ciencia ficción («Dilemas robóticos») que sirva para estimular las preguntas sobre qué sea la conciencia moral, siguiendo una larga tradición de uso de la literatura para la educación ética. El género de la ciencia ficción tiene en general bastante aceptación entre el público juvenil, y si son estudiantes de carreras tecnológicas aún más. En este caso se trata de un relato protagonizado por un robot dotado de una «mente» artificial, lo que pretende acercar la temática especialmente a estudiantes de ciencias de la computación. Tras la lectura, comentario y debate del texto, se observa que los alumnos han sido capaces de comprender con mayor hondura algunas nociones éticas fundamentales. This paper presents the experience with the use of a particular didactic resource in a university course of Ethics for Engineers. The resource consists of a short science fiction story («Robotic Dilemmas») that serves to stimulate questions about what is moral conscience, following a long tradition of using literature for ethics education. The science fiction genre is generally quite popular among young audiences, and if they are students of technological careers even more so. In this case it is a story starring a robot with an artificial «mind», which aims to bring the subject especially to students of computer science. After reading, commenting and discussing the text, it can be observed that the students have been able to understand more deeply some fundamental ethical notions.

La Tesis doctoral: Tipología de Coleccionismo Privado de Arte Contemporáneo en España1977-2017 “Perfiles de Coleccionistas”, surge como un deseo personal de profundizaren este asunto y por considerar la necesidad de generar una base documental de cara a futuras investigaciones y visibilizar así la labor de mecenazgo realizada por los coleccionistas, que custodian un patrimonio y generan un bien social. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido realizar una cartografía del coleccionismo privado de arte contemporáneo en España en los últimos cuarenta años, un estudio que ofrece respuesta a las siguientes cuestiones: quién colecciona, cómo se colecciona, cuándo se inicia, por qué se colecciona, qué objetivos y futuro tienen esas colecciones y qué contenido y discurso artístico hay en ellas. La base principal del trabajo ha sido acercarme a la fuente directa, al coleccionista y tomar un testimonio con el artífice de la colección Elegí este método de trabajo porque es un privilegio recibir, en primera persona, el proceso de construcción de una colección y su discurso artístico. Previamente, se lleva a cabo un sondeo del número de colecciones, basándome en los conocimientos adquiridos en mi profesión y en el consejo inestimable de Francisco Calvo Serraller, el director de esta Tesis doctoral hasta su fallecimiento. El trabajo se presenta estructurado en cuatro capítulos que contextualizan el coleccionismo privado de arte contemporáneo en España...

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Search strategy.

Los avances técnicos y científicos de los últimos años han permitido el desarrollo de técnicas neurocientíficas susceptibles de ser incorporadas en el proceso penal. Una de estas técnicas es la prueba de potencial evocado cognitivo P300, que permite, mediante la monitorización de la actividad eléctrica cerebral, determinar si un sujeto guarda recuerdos de determinados elementos clave en una investigación, como armas del crimen o lugares donde se cometieron los hechos. En el presente trabajo se analizará el funcionamiento de esta prueba y los precedentes de su uso en España, para posteriormente examinar la problemática que plantea en relación con la posible vulneración de derechos fundamentales derivada de su práctica y finalmente se concluirá con la proposición de una serie de directrices que permitan su incorporación al proceso penal español con todas las garantías.

[EN] OBJECTIVES: To compare the side effects of typical whitening treatments (by means of oxidation) compared to the new treatment developed by the authors through reduction. The aim is to provide information about the chemical interactions of the encapsulated reductant agent (metabisulfite, MBS) with the enamel structure compared with carbamide peroxide (CP) and to study their penetration in the hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the changes produced in the mineral and its hardness. METHODS: Chemical imaging is performed by synchrotron-based micro Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR). Continuous Stiffness Measurements (CSM) were used to determine the depth reached by the treatments in order to delimitate the area of study. RESULTS: The SR-FTIR studies showed that MBS treatments softened the first 10m of enamel, as happens in the initial stages of tooth decay. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main differences between treatments were found in the intensity of the nu3 PO43- peak related to tooth demineralization. CP and MBS promoted different changes in the HAP mineral, observed as opposite shifts of the peak: CP shortened the P-O bond while MBS seemed to elongate it. Moreover, MBS promoted the loss of carbonates while CP did not, which is probably related to the solution's pH. When comparing MBS and MBS Liposomes, it was observed how liposomes favoured the diffusion of MBS to inner layers, since the effects of MBS were observed in deeper enamel. Thus, the encapsulated MBS whitening effect is highly improved in terms of time when compared to MBS alone or CP. SIGNIFICANCE: The obtained results indicated that using oxidizing (CP) or reducing (MBS) treatments, promote different HAP mineral changes, and that liposomes favour the diffusion of MBS into the enamel. It is the first time that synchrotron light is used to map the bovine incisor's enamel chemically, and to determine the effect of a whitening treatment in terms of chemical HAP modifications, and the extent in deep of these effects. This work was supported by the Spanish Project CTM 2015-65414-C2-1-R; and by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona with the "Personal d′Investigació en Formació" scholarship. The SR-µFTIR experiment was performed at MIRAS beamline at ALBA Synchrotron (Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain), with the collaboration of ALBA staff (Dr. Ibraheem Yousef ). This work has been funded by ALBA Synchrotron through granted proposals (grant references: 2017092361and 2017021987).

Retinal dystrophies cause progressive degeneration of the retina in people who suffer from them, leading to loss of vision over the years, negatively affecting their functional capacity and social participation. The research used a mixed methodology with a CUAN+CUAL design. The quantitative part was a case-control study with a non-probabilistic, purposive sample of 30 people with and without retinitis pigmentosa matched by age and sex. All of them were administered the World Health Organization Model Disability Survey, Short Version (MDSc). External factors, which may influence everyday health-related problems, family and social support and attitudes of others, were compared. The qualitative part consisted of the analysis of data obtained through in-depth interviews with the 15 people with retinitis pigmentosa in the case group. Significant differences were obtained between the groups, showing greater difficulties of people with dystrophies in their daily life than those without, such as mobility, carrying out household tasks or social participation. Noise, brightness, lack of technological means to facilitate accessibility and the existing ocularcentrism in society, in addition to causing discomfort and nervousness, are a source of social exclusion. The results provide evidence that will enable social workers to intervene to promote the social participation of a group affected by a rare eye disease, avoiding inequalities and advancing their rights. Las distrofias retinianas, producen en las personas que las padecen, una progresiva degeneración de la retina que conlleva pérdida de la visión a lo largo de los años, afectando negativamente a su capacidad funcional y su participación social. La investigación empleó metodología mixta con un diseño CUAN+CUAL. La parte cuantitativa fue un estudio de casos y controles con muestra no probabilística e intencional de 30 personas, con y sin retinosis pigmentaria pareados por edad y sexo. A todos ellos se les pasó la Encuesta Modelo de Discapacidad, Versión Corta (EMDc) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se compararon factores externos, que pueden influir sobre problemas cotidianos relacionados con la salud, apoyo familiar y social y actitudes de los demás. La parte cualitativa consistió en el análisis de datos obtenidos mediante entrevistas en profundidad a las 15 personas con retinosis pigmentaria del grupo caso. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, que muestran mayores dificultades de las personas con distrofias en su vida cotidiana que las que no la padecen, como la movilidad, la realización de tareas domésticas o con la participación social. El ruido, la luminosidad, no disponer de medios tecnológicos que faciliten la accesibilidad y el ocularcentrismo existente en la sociedad, además de provocarles malestar y nerviosismo, son fuente de exclusión social. Los resultados aportan evidencias que permitirán a los/las trabajadores/as sociales intervenir para favorecer la participación social de un colectivo afectado por una enfermedad rara de la visión evitando inequidades y avanzar en sus derechos.

Trabajo fin de grado. Defendido en junio de 2022. Introducción: El suelo pélvico y sus componentes deben mantener una correcta posición de los órganos pélvicos en la cavidad abdominal, permitir y facilitar las funciones de micción, defecación, el coito y el parto. El aumento de la rigidez y la falta de elasticidad de la musculatura del suelo pélvico conllevan un aumento del tono, con posterior disfunción en la relajación, a la larga como resultado de este mecanismo puede aparecer dolor pélvico y perianal crónico. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio de investigación es analizar y describir, la relación entre el dolor pélvico crónico, la elasticidad y rigidez de la musculatura del suelo pélvico en varones ciclistas con Dolor Pélvico Crónico. Metodología: Estudio Observacional analítico de casos y controles con un total de 20 participantes varones ciclistas, divididos en un grupo de 10 casos diagnosticados con Dolor Pélvico Crónico y un grupo de 10 controles sin dicha patología. Las variables de estudios son; la rigidez pasiva, evaluada mediante palpación, la elasticidad o rigidez elástica, evaluada mediante elastografía y el dolor, evaluado mediante cuestionario. Abstract: Introduction: The pelvic floor and its components must maintain the correct position of the pelvic organs in the abdominal cavity, allow and facilitate the functions of urination, defecation, intercourse and delivery. The increased rigidity and lack of elasticity of the pelvic floor muscles lead to an increase in tone, with subsequent dysfunction in relaxation. In the long run, as a result of this mechanism, chronic pelvic and perianal pain may appear, with or without alteration of organic function. Objective: The objective of this research study is to analyze and describe the relationship between chronic pelvic pain, elasticity and rigidity of pelvic floor muscles in cyclists’ men with chronic pelvic pain. Methodology: Analytical observational study of cases and controls with a total of 20 male cyclists, divided into a group of 10 cases diagnosed with Chronic Pelvic Pain and a group of 10 controls without this pathology. The study variables are passive rigidity, evaluated by palpation, elasticity or elastic rigidity, evaluated by elastography, and pain, evaluated by questionnaire. Ordenador con navegador de Internet; Adobe Acrobat Reader 44 p. (Según el contador de la aplicación)

Trabajo fin de grado. Defendido en junio de 2022. Las investigaciones relacionadas sobre la salud mental y la COVID-19 mencionan los retos a los que se enfrentan los profesionales ante las nuevas condiciones de trabajo impuestas por la pandemia. Los Servicio de Prevención de Riesgo Laborales (SPRL) de los centros sanitarios están siendo cruciales para proteger a los trabajadores y gestionarla. Con este estudio descriptivo, se pretende analizar el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de los profesionales de los SPRL de los hospitales de gestión pública de la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2022. Con los resultados obtenidos, se podrán plantear medidas correctoras y/o de prevención especificas según las situaciones detectadas. Abstract: : Investigations related to mental health and COVID-19 mention the challenges that the professionals had to endure due to the new conditions imposed by the pandemic. The Occupational Health and Safety Services (OHSS) of the health care centres have proven to be crucial in the task of managing the crisis and protecting the workers. This descriptive study, aims to analyse the impact on mental health of OHSS professionals from the public hospitals in Madrid Region caused by COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2022. With the results obtained, corrective measures and/or specific prevention can be proposed according to the identified situation. Ordenador con navegador de Internet; Adobe Acrobat Reader 53 p. (Según el contador de la aplicación)

Background The rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months in Spain are far from recommended by the World Health Organization, which is 50% by 2025. Evidence of the effectiveness of group interventions in late postpartum is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PROLACT group educational intervention for increasing the proportion of mother-child dyads with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared to the usual practice in primary care. Method Multicentre cluster randomized clinical trial. A total of 434 mother-child dyads who breastfed exclusively in the first 4 weeks of the children’s life and agreed to participate were included. The main outcome was exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. Secondary variables were type of breastfeeding, reasons for abandonment, degree of adherence and satisfaction with the intervention. To study the effectiveness, the difference in the proportions of dyads with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was calculated, and the relative risk (RR) and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated with their 95% CIs. To study the factors associated with the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, a multilevel logistic regression model was fitted. All analyses were performed to intention to treat. Results The percentage of dyads with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was 22.4% in the intervention group and 8.8% in the control group. PROLACT intervention obtained an RR =2.53 (95% CI: 1.54–4.15) and an NNT = 7 (95%CI: 5–14). The factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months were the PROLACT intervention, OR = 3.51 (95%CI: 1.55–7.93); age > 39 years, OR = 2.79 (95%CI: 1.02–7.6); previous breastfeeding experience, OR = 2.61 (95%CI: 1.29–5.29); income between 500 and 833.33 €, OR = 3.52 (95%CI 1.47–8.47).); planning to start work before the infant was 6 months old, OR = 0.35 (0.19–0.63) . Conclusions The PROLACT intervention in primary care is more effective than the usual practice for maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, and can therefore be considered evidence-based practice for implementation in standard practice. Trial registration The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under code number NCT01869920 (03/06/2013).

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Results on adherence in the included studies.

Este estudio es un homenaje a la memoria del Prof. Saturnino Álvarez Tu- rienzo. El artículo desarrolla la línea fundamental de pensamiento de su ensayo: La ausencia de Dios y la inseguridad del hombre, donde se recorre el proceso de secularización que con- duce a la condición actual de una situación precaria en la vida, bajo la actitud de la insecuri- tas. El desarrollo de este proceso se remonta a las fuentes del materialismo poshegeliano y al impacto del nihilismo de Nietzsche en movimientos diversos del siglo XX, como el existencia- lismo de Sartre y la literatura del absurdo. El nuevo tipo de humanismo, o de humanismos, propugnado por concepciones nihilistas de distinta clase ha conducido al hombre occidental a abandonar el cuidado de sus aspiraciones trascendentes y a caer en un periodo de relativismo

La romanización como fenómeno histórico común a todos los territorios sometidos por Roma tiene en el valle medio del Ebro unas características comunes a otros territorios, pero también las también las tiene propias. La romanización de este territorio duraría dos siglos, tiempo muy extenso para una zona muy accesible, transitada y de fácil comunicación. La guerra sería el vehículo principal de la romanización desde su inicio, el comienzo de la ocupación y la resistencia indígena, hasta la fundación de Caesaraugusta en un territorio que Augusto percibió como conveniente, a lo largo de una de sus expediciones militares contra cántabros y astures. Conforme el valle medio se iba romanizando, Roma intentó crear un núcleo urbano administrador y regidor del territorio y fracasó en distintas ocasiones; en la primera La Cabañeta fue arrasada en la guerra sertoriana y en la segunda la Colonia Victrix Iulia Lepida sería desbancada por el auge de Caesaraugusta; la cual se convirtió en una pequeña Roma a orillas del Ebro y en el mayor foco romanizador en cientos de kilómetros a la redonda. El estudio de la romanización en el valle medio del Ebro y concretamente en la Comarca de Zaragoza es muy complejo por la poca información que dan las fuentes antiguas y por las dificultades, de todo tipo y no faltan las administrativas, para realizar labores arqueológicas; por lo que, en muchas ocasiones, hay que realizar análisis comparativos de lugares cercanos y con las mismas circunstancias históricas. Esto ha llevado a la arqueología comparativa y al estudio de lo encontrado en las excavaciones hechas en el territorio, a ser el método de trabajo fundamental para interpretar como Roma y su cultura fueron conquistando, desplazando y sustituyendo a las culturas indígenas; convirtiendo a estos íberos, celtíberos y vascones en romanos. Una dificultad en esta metodología es el de la interpretación lo encontrado que pueden plantear problemas a verdades que se tenían por absolutas, pero que inducen a la duda. Romanization as a historical phenomenon common to all the territories subjected by Rome has in the middle valley of the Ebro some characteristics common to other territories, but it also has its own characteristics. The romanization of this territory would last two centuries, a very long time for a very accessible, transited and easily communicated area. The war would be the main vehicle of Romanization from its beginning, the beginning of the occupation and the indigenous resistance, until the foundation of Caesaraugusta in a territory that Augustus perceived as convenient, during one of his military expeditions against the Cantabrians and Asturians. . As the middle valley was becoming Romanized, Rome tried to create an urban administrator and councilor of the territory and failed on different occasions; in the first La Cabañeta was devastated in the Sertorian war and in the second the Colonia Victrix Iulia Lepida would be superseded by the rise of Caesaraugusta; which became a small Rome on the banks of the Ebro and the largest Romanizing focus for hundreds of kilometers around. The study of Romanization in the middle valley of the Ebro and specifically in the Zaragoza region is very complex due to the little information provided by ancient sources and the difficulties, of all kinds, including administrative ones, in carrying out archaeological work; Therefore, on many occasions, comparative analyzes of nearby places and with the same historical circumstances must be carried out. This has led to comparative archeology and the study of what was found in the excavations made in the territory, to be the fundamental working method to interpret how Rome and its culture were conquering, displacing and replacing indigenous cultures; converting these Iberians, Celtiberians and Vascones into Romans. A difficulty in this methodology is that of interpreting what has been found, which can pose problems for truths that were considered absolute, but which lead to doubt. La romanització com a fenomen històric comú a tots els territoris sotmesos per Roma té a la vall mitjana de l'Ebre unes característiques comunes a altres territoris, però també les també les té pròpies. La romanització d¿aquest territori duraria dos segles, temps molt extens per a una zona molt accessible, transitada i de fàcil comunicació. La guerra seria el vehicle principal de la romanització des del seu inici, el començament de l'ocupació i la resistència indígena, fins a la fundació de Caesaraugusta en un territori que August va percebre com a convenient, durant una de les seves expedicions militars contra càntabres i astures . Conforme la vall mitjana s'anava romanitzant, Roma va intentar crear un nucli urbà administrador i regidor del territori i va fracassar en diferents ocasions; a la primera La Cabañeta va ser arrasada a la guerra sertoriana ia la segona la Colònia Victrix Iulia Lepida seria desbancada per l'auge de Caesaraugusta; la qual es va convertir en una petita Roma a la vora de l'Ebre i en el focus romanitzador més gran en centenars de quilòmetres a la rodona. L'estudi de la romanització a la vall mitjana de l'Ebre i concretament a la Comarca de Saragossa és molt complex per la poca informació que donen les fonts antigues i per les dificultats, de tota mena i no falten les administratives, per fer tasques arqueològiques; per la qual cosa, moltes vegades, cal fer anàlisis comparatives de llocs propers i amb les mateixes circumstàncies històriques. Això ha portat a l'arqueologia comparativa ia l'estudi del que s'ha trobat en les excavacions fetes al territori, a ser el mètode de treball fonamental per interpretar com Roma i la seva cultura van anar conquerint, desplaçant i substituint les cultures indígenes; convertint aquests ibers, celtíbers i vascons en romans. Una dificultat en aquesta metodologia és el de la interpretació que poden trobar problemes a veritats que es tenien per absolutes, però que indueixen al dubte.

Resumen Introducción: En las últimas décadas se está produciendo un envejecimiento progresivo de nuestra población, lo cual conlleva que el deterioro cognitivo sea uno de los principales problemas a abordar. La enfermera comunitaria juega un rol crucial en el cribado del deterioro cognitivo, y para ello cuenta con numerosos cuestionarios para tal valoración, como el Eurotest, el Pfeiffer, o el Fototest, entre otros. El más usado en Atención Primaria es el Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC-35). Objetivo: Valorar la fiabilidad del cuestionario MEC-35 aplicado por enfermeras a pacientes en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria. Material y Métodos: Estudio de fiabilidad inter-intra enfermeras del MEC-35 en su empleo en el contexto de la Atención Primaria. Resultados: La concordancia bruta global entre enfermeras fue del 77(69-83) % y la libre de azar según la kappa de Cohen del 49(30-68) % (p

Trabajo fin de grado. Defendido en junio de 2022. Introducción: El pádel es un deporte relativamente moderno en expansión mundial. Debido a su práctica, se acontecen lesiones sobre el deportista. El entrenamiento de fuerza será esa herramienta que se utilizará para su tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar cómo de efectivo es un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el hombro en jugadores de pádel federados, analizando para ello, si la incidencia lesional por horas jugadas se reduce en el deporte. Metodología: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado longitudinal con dos grupos de intervención (entrenamiento de fuerza o terapia manual) de 75 participantes por cada conjunto. Se pretenderá generar uno beneficios sociosanitarios (aminorar costes sanitarios junto a nuevos planteamientos) y científicos (nuevos caminos de estudio) Abstract: Introduction: Padel is a relatively modern sport that is expanding worldwide. Due to its practice, injuries occur on the athlete. Strength training will be the tool used to treat them. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a strength training programme on the shoulder in federated padel players, analysing whether the incidence of injury per hours played is reduced in the sport. Methodology: Longitudinal randomised clinical trial with two intervention groups (strength exercises or manual therapy) of 75 participants for each group. The aim is to generate socio-health benefits (reduction of health costs together with new approaches) and scientific benefits (new avenues of study) Ordenador con navegador de Internet; Adobe Acrobat Reader 65 p. (Según el contador de la aplicación)

Actualmente cada vez se le da más importancia al aprendizaje y conocimiento de una lengua extranjera en los centros españoles, en especial al inglés debido a los numerosos beneficios que tiene incorporar el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera en el aula . Es por ello por lo que se considera de gran importancia fomentar el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua extranjera, en esta ocasión a través de la metodología de gamificación. El principal objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es promover e impulsar la enseñanza – aprendizaje del inglés en la etapa de educación infantil. Para conseguir esto, se ha realizado una investigación de carácter más teórico sobre el aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera en educación infantil y una revisión sobre las metodologías más eficaces para lograr dicho aprendizaje. Con la intención de conseguir alcanzar este objetivo, y gracias a la revisión de este marco teórico, se ha llevado a cabo una propuesta práctica en un aula de infantil con el fin de lograr un aprendizaje relevante y duradero en el alumnado a través de metodologías innovadoras y eficaces para la enseñanza de una segunda lengua, en esta ocasión a través de la gamificación. Para finalizar, se incluye una conclusión acerca de las reflexiones obtenidas durante el desarrollo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado., Nowadays more and more importance is given to the learning and knowledge of a foreign language in Spanish schools, especially English due to the numerous benefits of incorporating the learning of a foreign language in the classroom. This is way it is considered of gran importance to promote the learning of a second foreign language, this time through gamification methodology. The main objective of this Trabajo de Fin de Grado is to boost and promote teaching – learning English in preschool stage. To achieve this, theoretical research has been done on foreign language learning in preschool education and a review of the most effective methodologies to reach such learning. With the aim of achieving this objective, a practical proposal has been carried out in a preschool classroom in order to achieve relevant and lasting learning in students through innovative and effective methodologies for teaching a second language, this occasion through gamification. Finally, a conclusion is included about the reflections obtained during the development of this Trabajo de Fin de Grado., Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y Literatura, Grado en Educación Infantil

Project PID2019-105601GBI00 /AEI/10.13039/5011000110, and Research Group FQM-126 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain).

Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 4. Meta-Regression Analyses (6 months).

Memoria ID-115. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021.

Resumen trabajo presentado en el XII Workshop Sociedad Española de Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos (SEMiPyP) y I Congreso Sociedad Iberoamericana de Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos (SIAMPYP), celebrado de forma virtual del 15 al 18 de septiembre de 2021, Introducción. Numerosos trabajos han determinado la importancia de la Microbiota Intestinal (MI) durante los primeros años de vida. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios longitudinales que caractericen la interacción entre la dieta del niño, la evolución de la MI y la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) durante esta etapa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los niveles de los principales grupos microbianos, la producción de AGCC y la dieta durante el primer año de vida. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio longitudinal en una cohorte de niños nacidos a término. Se tomaron muestras fecales a 15 días (n= 79), 3 (n= 83), 6 (n= 78) y 12 (n= 68) meses de edad. Los niveles de Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, enterobacteriasy Clostridium clúster IV se determinaron mediante PCR cuantitativa y los de AGCC mediante cromatografía de gases. La dieta se evaluó utilizando cuestionarios semicuantitativos de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y tablas de composición de alimentos infantiles previamente desarrolladas. Resultados. Los niveles de Bacteroides, Clostridium clúster IV y las concentraciones de los AGCC aumentaron significativamente hasta el año de vida, a excepción de los ácidos valérico y caproico. En los niveles de Bifidobacterium y enterobacterias se observó un aumento hasta 6 meses y una disminución posterior. Un análisis de conglomerados agrupó los sujetos en dos clústeres en función de su perfil microbiano y AGCC. Estos clústeres, obtenidos con los datos de microbiota y AGCC, mostraron diferencias en función del tipo de alimentación, siendo el consumo de fórmulas infantiles superior en los niños pertenecientes al clúster que presentaba una mayor concentración de AGCC. Conclusión. La identificación de grupos diferenciales de niños en función de las poblaciones microbianas, su actividad metabólica y la dieta durante el primer año de vida constituye un paso clave para ampliar el conocimiento sobre el desarrollo de la MI infantil.

Subjective well-being plays a key role in health. The objectives of this study are to analyse the longitudinal associations between subjective well-being dimensions and healthy behaviours, and to examine gender differences.A representative sample of 1,190 Spanish non-institutionalised adults aged 50+ were interviewed over a 6-year follow-up period. The Cantril scale was used to measure evaluative well-being. The Day Reconstruction Method measured experienced well-being. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used, whereas fruit and vegetables, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and sleep quality were self-reported. The Generalised Estimating Equation was calculated.Women show significantly worse subjective well-being than men longitudinally. Higher scores in life satisfaction and positive affect were significantly related to a higher level of physical activity and better-quality sleep for both women and men. Associations between a higher life satisfaction and an adequate intake of fruits and vegetables and being a non-smoker was only found in women (OR = 1.05; 95% IC = 1.00, 1.10 and OR = 1.16; 95% IC = 1.09, 1.23, respectively).Subjective well-being levels and frequencies in healthy behaviours are different in women and men. Subjective well-being interventions should take into account these differences in the frequency of healthy-unhealthy behaviours.

La presente investigación tiene como objeto detectar y categorizar los posibles conflictos semióticos presentes en futuros profesores de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato sobre el planteamiento de la hipótesis nula y alternativa de un contraste de hipótesis. Se ha contado con la colaboración de 73 futuros profesores del Máster de Educación Secundaria de la Universidad de Granada, a los que se le ha propuesto un problema de contraste de hipótesis similar a los recogidos en las pruebas de acceso a la universidad en cursos anteriores. Mediante un análisis de contenido de las respuestas dadas por los participantes, los resultados revelan conflictos de representación, procedimentales y, en su mayoría, de tipo conceptual, revelando en algunos casos una escasa comprensión de la lógica del contraste de hipótesis. Además, se han identificado dos nuevos conflictos no recogidos en la literatura previa. La información obtenida en el presente trabajo va en consonancia con los resultados señalados en investigaciones previas con estudiantes, lo que plantea una posible relación con el conocimiento de los futuros profesores y, por ende, la necesidad de mejorar su formación sobre este contenido.

There is growing evidence that loneliness is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, the extent of this association remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining this association was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception to November 15th 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain pooled estimates and 95% CIs. Studies were also assessed for heterogeneity, methodological quality and publication bias. A total of 4270 hits were retrieved based on the initial search strategy and ten studies met the eligibility criteria involving 37339 individuals (mean age from 64.9 to 83.1 years). Variation between studies was present for the measurement of loneliness as well as for the case ascertainment of MCI and dementia. Loneliness was positively associated with increased risk of dementia (overall RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.40; n = 8). Due to lack of sufficient data, we could not explore the association between loneliness and risk of MCI through a meta-analysis, but limited evidence suggests a potential effect of loneliness on MCI. A further understanding of the deleterious effects of loneliness on MCI and dementia may assist the design of environmental and psychological interventions to prevent or delay the onset of these neuropsychiatric conditions.

Objective: Loneliness is associated with worse health status outcomes. Yet, the present study is one of the first to identify how patterns of loneliness (transient and chronic) are associated with ...

Introdução: O envelhecimento da população leva ao aparecimento de novos problemas de saúde associados com a idade, que requerem tratamento específico, o que significa que, cada vez mais, os cuidadores precisam estar melhor preparados para prestar cuidados de qualidade. Objetivo: Analisar a formação de cuidadores informais em relação à qualidade do atendimento. Fonte de dados: Uma revisão sistemática, realizada em bases de dados, tendo sido consultadas: PubMed, Scopus, Chrocrane Plus, IME, ISOC e Cuiden Plus. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos concordantes com o tema do estudo, publicados entre 2010e 2016 e excluídos estudos quantitativos com qualidade fraca pela ferramenta EPHPP e estudos qualitativos que não tinham respostas afirmativas as duas primeiras questões da ferramenta CASP. Resultados: Foram inicialmente encontrados 1.518 estudos que após filtrados, selecionou-se 14. A amostra foi de 3.918 cuidadores informais. Nove estudos destacaram intervenções de educação e formação, sendo um do tipo cognitivo comportamental. Resumo das conclusões: O treinamento melhora a qualidade dos cuidados prestados pelos cuidadores informais, melhorara a qualidade de vida das pessoas cuidadas e dos próprios cuidadores.