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At present, the problem of employment of the population still occupies one of the first places in the social policy and economy of both individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the country as a whole. The scientific novelty of the work is associated with the study of an urgent and requiring constant improvement of the development of the problem and methodological foundations of unemployment and employment in relation to the Russian Federation and the innovative economy. The article offers recommendations for improving the regulation of employment and the labor market at the appropriate levels. The conclusion is made that only well-coordinated work of all parties of social partnership will make it possible to successfully solve problems in the sphere of labor and employment of the population, thereby ensuring social stability in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and in Russia as a whole.

Farmers markets can offer solutions to several of the biggest problems besetting the US food system: fair prices to farmers; healthy, fresh food for consumers; direct contacts between consumers and farmers; food for food deserts; support for local economies. Awareness of these benefits led us to study the farmers markets of Greater Cincinnati. Markets grew rapidly in the early 1980s, peaked in 2012, and declined 17% by 2018. Sixty-one percent of the markets that started since 1970 have closed. Two types of markets exist: farmer-focused markets, with farmer vendors, and consumer-focused markets, with farmers and specialist vendors. Detailed information about market management shows that managers, the majority of whom are volunteers or underpaid, have insufficient resources to be sustainable. Market decline is often blamed on an oversupply of markets, but other factors are involved: the inability of market personnel and customers to cross class and racial boundaries; the encroachment of online retailers; a scarcity of farmers; market manager failures. Individual markets need to form coalitions and gain sufficient resources from governments or private funders to employ specialists who can assist managers, expand the consumer base, and design promotion campaigns that effectively promote farmers markets in the changing retail food landscape.

The focus of this research is to examine the participation of traders in market waste management to achieve environmental cleanliness. This is intended so that there is involvement of traders to participate responsibly both actively and passively to achieve environmental cleanliness. This study aims to (1) determine the participation of market vegetable traders in waste management, and (2) analyze the factors that influence the participation of vegetable traders in waste management. The research was conducted at Sanggeng Market as a vegetable trading center in Manokwari Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method with in-depth interview techniques and observation of 52 vegetable traders who trade vegetables at the market of Sanggeng in Manokwari Regency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics used are competency tests and inferential statistics used are Spearman correlation analysis. The results of the study concluded, (1) the participation of vegetable traders shows that they are involved in all stages of waste management, namely the stages of collection, separation, transportation, recycling, and utilization, and (2) there is a correlation between age, education level, acceptance and trading experience.

This article explores the recent history of Owino Market in Kampala, Uganda, to analyse the constraints to agency that exist in the informal economy. Detailing conflicts over market management and ...

The new village market that was built in Pademawu Barat Village, Pademawu District, is not yet fully able to compete with the traditional markets that were running earlier. The inability to compete, includes, the level of visits to the market is low, the income of market management is low, so that the people don't want to visit the village market. The Village Government prefers the important thing to build a physical market, rather than presentations on the future of the Village market. From these problems, researchers want to encourage the realization of thematic markets. As a result, the average community agreed that the market should be used as a thematic market. With the hope, the number of visitors can increase. The method in this research is to use a qualitative descriptive research method.

Penelitian ini ini berjudul Efektivitas Kinerja Pegawai UPTD Pasar Betung Kabupaten Banyuasin. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja pegawai UPTD Pasar Betung dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagai pegawai di Pasar Betung Kabupaten Banyuasin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, sedangkan pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah study kasus yang akan menjelaskan tentang efektivitas Kinerja Pegawai UPTD Pasar Betung Kabupaten Banyuasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai alat pengumpul data. Dalam hal ini, informan yang diwawancarai adalah Kepala Dinas Pengelolaan Pasar, Kepala UPTD, Staff Dinas dan UPTD pasar, Pengunjung dan Pedagang pasar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya maka disimpulkan mengenai Efektivitas Kinerja UPTD Pasar Betung yang masih mengalami banyak masalah-masalah terutama dari internal pegawai seperti kurangnya kualitas kinerja pegawai terhadap pekerjaan yang dibebankan, penyebab ketidaktepatan waktu pegawai dan kurangnya rasa tanggung jawab pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugas.

The revitalization of traditional markets has gradually begun since 2018. Market revitalization focuses on improving infrastructure and even adding other facilities like modern retail. Its purpose is surely to attract consumers to shop at traditional markets. Previous research has emphasized more on the impact of market revitalization on consumer interest in visiting and shopping, but it has less discussed the impact on traders. This study aimed at determining the impact of market revitalization on traders. Data collection was conducted by direct observation, documentation study, and interviewing 12 traders, of which 3 traders were interviewed on each floor. Adding one more person from market management and 12 visitors, to confirm the results of the seller interview. The results of the interview showed that there were problems overcame by traders, such as losing loyal customers, poor market layout so that not all traders had the opportunity to be visited, and maintenance of infrastructure, especially cleanliness.

The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of regional regulations No 1 of 2019 on Retribusi Jasa Umum dalam Pengelolaan Retribusi pasar di Pasar Raya Padang. Background of this study is because several problems were found in market retribution of Pasar Raya Padang that is, a collection that does not give a ticket or evidence of payment of retribution. Limited market management capabilities to provide a place, there are still traders who do not pay retribution. As well as a lack of oversight from Padang city trade service. Formulation of the problem in this study is how the implementation of regional regulations No 1 of 2019 on Retribusi Jasa Umum dalam Pengelolaan Retribusi pasar di pasar Raya Padang. What are the constraints in the implementation of regional regulations. This study was qualitative with descriptive method. Selection of informants was done with Purposive for decided key informants and next decided with SnowballSampling technique. This observation data collection techniques was interview and documentation study. For data analysis was done by data collection, data reduction, presentation of data, and conclusions. Then the validity of this data is tested by Triangulasi Sumber which is then analysed with data analysis techniques. Measurement toward the implementation of regional regulations No 1 of 2019. The researcher used measure of policy implementation according George C. Edward III, there are four policy implementation indicators such as, communication, resource, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This study reveal that implementation of the collection of market retribution was carried out by Dinas Perdagangan Kota Padang to traders who sell in Pasar Raya Padang. Based on findings and discussion The Implementation of Regional Regulations No 1 of 2019 on Retribusi Jasa Umum dalam Pengelolaan Retribusi Pasar di Pasar Raya Padang was influenced by communication, resource and attitudes of the bureaucracy and implementers. Constraints faced in the implementation of the management of market retribution in Pasar Raya Padang is less awareness of traders in paying market retribution, so that many causes arrears on market retribution and the target was not achieved.

Traditional markets play a very important role in the economic activities of the community, especially for sellers of products of basic necessities produced by small and medium-sized and micro economic actors. The development of information technology as we know it is growing rapidly. It would be very beneficial if the Jembrana district government could take advantage of the current information technology to support the data and information needs of traditional markets in the Jembrana district. This study provides a solution for data processing and information on traditional markets in Jembrana district, namely the traditional web-based market management. With this system, it is hoped that Market Managers in Jembrana Regency can manage and manage the market more professionally with the help of information technology. In addition, this system also serves as information about traditional markets to the public consisting of market location map information, the latest information on market PDs, as well as information on price updates of goods from each market PD in all Jembrana district.

This community service activity is a collaboration of a team of lecturers and students from the Bali School of Design (STD Bali) and the Academy of Information and Computer Management (AMIK) New Media with the Student Association held in mid-April precisely on April 18, 2020, at the Yadnya Market, Kesiman Traditional Village Kesiman Village, East Denpasar District. This activity received a very good reception from the Yadnya Market and also the Traditional Village of Kesiman. Distribution of 1000 Masks in the Yadnya Kesiman Market environment is a form of community service in STD Bali and AMIK New Media in participating in preventing and breaking the chain of the spread of Covid Virus 10. Some of the factors supporting this activity include: STD Bali Institute Support and AMIK New Media especially the Putra Indonesia Education Foundation in funding activities, STD Bali Campus has a Fashion Design major so it is very helpful in the preparation of 1000 masks to be distributed. In addition, this activity also received full support from Yadnya Market Management and Kesiman Customary Village Management. Some of the obstacles encountered during this activity include: (1) There are limitations in the number of sewing machines used to sew masks on campus so that students sew at home. (2) The existence of the Covid 19 outbreak that caused the sewing process on campus to be slightly hampered because it had to implement Social Distancing. (3) The mask distribution activities cannot be handed over directly to traders in the Yadnya Market to avoid the crowds of the community, so the surrender is carried out symbolically to the Head of the Yadnya Market

This research dilator behind how big the influence of risk factors that exist in the Jakarta scout market area to increase customer satisfaction. This study aims to determine the dominant factors causing management risks that exist in the Jakarta scout market area related to increased customer satisfaction. This study aims to determine the dominant factors causing the management risks that exist in the Scouting Market Area to obtain some of the most influential risks and develop strategies to be able to increase customer satisfaction in the Scouting Market Area. The study used a survey method in the form of asking questions to several respondents. This survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires and interviews with relevant parties that were used as a source of information. From the results of data processing with a statistical data processing application, several high risks have an impact on customer satisfaction and get a strategy to reduce these impacts.

This study discusses the Regional Government Strategy in the Management of Balang-Balang Traditional Market in Gowa Regency and knows the things that influence the strategies of the local government in Balang-Balang Traditional Market Management in Gowa Regency. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained from interviews and observations were then analyzed by looking at regional government program strategies in Balang-Balang market management along with the inhibiting factors found in this study. The activities in data analysis in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that there are programs implemented by the local government, one of them is business development and trade facilities that highlight market planning and revitalization efforts, the Gowa Regency government's strategy of prioritizing the improvement of public market facilities in order to operate the process of repairing facilities prioritizing parking facilities causing congestion problems. in the area of ​​the road near the market but the achievement of the objective for price stability in traditional markets is well controlled. In the aspects of leadership, motivation and communication system, there is a process of interaction between the market manager and the Trade Industry Office to check if there is a procedural mismatch.

The increasing demand of energy in the traditional grids is getting more complex, less feasible, harmful, uneconomical and high in power losses. This paper presents an efficient energy management approach to mitigate such issues with smart micro grid (SMG) and aims at a solution that is both cost effective and eco-friendly, within energy market paradigm. Goals are achieved with the help of Home Energy Management Controller (HEMC), Energy Market Management Controller (EMMC) and Control Agent (CA). The individual load is managed in the presence of local generation, storage system, user comfort, DGs and Utility within energy market paradigm. Two level energy management approach is proposed to achieve concerned goals. First is to manage load and schedule storage with respect to individual local generation and market pricing. Second is to manage energy market with the help of four different types of priorities and control agent input. The problem is solved with a variant of meta-heuristic method, Multi Objective Grey Wolf Optimization (MOGWO), which gives more comprehensive solution by comparing with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed methodology is implemented on a SMG based-community test system. Homes within that community have different economic conditions and personal priorities. Simulation results demonstrates achievement of aimed goals in presented work.

This article discusses on emotional intelligence and its performance in organizational management. Methodology: Emotional intelligence is defined and this is compared with academic intelligence. Conditions of emotional intelligence and individual talents are explained to create emotional intelligence. Results: Then, the performance of emotional intelligence is discussed in the management of the market. Also, interpersonal intelligence, hope and optimism and their role in the market management are discussed. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence as the ability to understand the feelings and needs of others is a very useful help in guiding others in a way that leads to long-term and short-term goals and satisfaction of people and society.

The article proves inevitability of market management of national economy. The authors introduced in academic circulation such notions as ‘business market’ and ‘developed market.’ Serious attention is paid to the role of private property in life of society and organization of national economy. Drawbacks of national economy management in soviet times were shown, incompetence of party leaders was highlighted and this resulted in the fact that ways of coordinating industrial relations with economic laws were not found. The soviet power was not able to use market laws in the interests of the country. Party leaders were not eager to understand the market theory, as market was denied. Reforms were ineffective due to this reason. Today Russia is facing the necessity to choose strategy for the future: it could be an inertial way of neo-liberal reforms and degradation of scientific potential or mobilization of intellectual resources aiming at economy restructuring on the basis of developed market with the leading role of state. The quality of state governance can help renew social sphere, achieve sustainable growth in the standard of living, where the leading role will belong to science of life, man and society.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of the national economic system, which can promote employment, improve people's living standards, and promote economic development and technological innovation. In the new business environment based on big data and artificial intelligence, it is a key issue for SMEs to flexibly use big data services, design competitive marketing strategies, and achieve efficient market management. This paper will explore the impact of marketing environment changes on SMEs in the era of big data, and improve the marketing efficiency of SMEs by establishing relevant models based on big data analysis.

The evolutionary features of the formation of marketing concepts have been studied in line with social growth. It has been substantiated that the generalized context of their transformation was formed depending on the general world changes for a certain period of economic development of mankind as vital needs grow. It has been emphasized that the growing importance of the role of marketing is caused by the prevalence of its basic provisions in the formation of the mechanism for the development of economic systems against the background of the introduction of market management levers.

One of the government's efforts to accelerate development in disadvantaged, deepest and outermost regions is through the Village Fund Policy. One of the obligations after the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014 is the implementation of BUMDes (Village-Owned Enterprises). The study aims to analyze the contribution of Village Funds in the development of BUMDes in Hanura Village, Teluk Pandan District, Pesawaran District, Lampung Province. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with village officials and managers of BUMDes and field observations. The results of this study indicate that village funds in Hanura Village have contributed to the development of BUMDes. In 2018 the Hanura Village Government budgeted costs for the Procurement of Infrastructure Production Activities for Agriculture / livestock / fisheries production of Rp. 12,265,000.00. Then the Budget for Procurement of Marketing Infrastructure Activities (Shop and Cooperative Development) is Rp. 104,700,000.00, and the Community Economic Business Development and Establishment Activities (for other Capital Equipment and Machine Expenditures and animal and livestock capital expenditures) of Rp. 39,999,997.00. The business units owned by BUMDes Conscience include: 1) Market Management, 2) Product and Service Units, 3) Home Industry. One of the BUMDes marketing strategies is through online sales through the BUMDes website.

Тhe problem of transition of society to the modern direction of "green economy" is actualized in the work, its possible prospects of development and necessity of introduction in the modern economic process are given. The definition of the term "green economy" is given and the main features of this process are given. The definition of the issue in the framework of the works of foreign and domestic authors and the analysis of their assessment of the impact of this area on the overall economic development of the country. The main advantages and prospects of the green economy are identified. Analysis of the development of innovative method in the conditions of functioning of the market management system and free competition. The methods of influence and regulation of this direction within the legislative system of the country are analyzed. Suggestions have been made regarding a possible plan for the development of the state under the conditions of the innovative direction "green economy" in the economic process.

Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a fast and reliable technique for the authentication of adulteration in the extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) for quality control and market management....

Sunday Morning market can be the driver of community’s economic growth. This market can encourage the development of small and medium scale enterprises. Nevertheless, this market existence is often considered as harmful to environment as it is usually established on the street edge and causes a traffic jam. It is reasonable that this market is vulnerable to eviction. Therefore, this market needs well-management in order to stay and avoid eviction. This research aimed to explore Sunday Morning market managing strategy in Gadjah Mada University conducted by market organizer and its effect on sellers’ income. This research was conducted using qualitative approach. The result of research showed that before specifying the strategy to be taken in market management, the management should first do observation on market environment by analyzing strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat. Considering the result of analysis, nine strategies were determined to manage Sunday Morning market. The nine strategies specified, in fact, exerted different effect on sellers’ income: some of them could increase income, some could not, and some had no effect at all.

espanolLas organizaciones de gobernanza de los arquitectos espanoles se establecen de forma definitiva en 1931 con la aparicion de los Colegios Profesionales de Arquitectos. Estas instituciones y sus herramientas administrativas y profesionales dimanan, en buena medida, del gremio medieval, del taller artesano y el corporativismo franquista (heredero del primero) y mantienen un funcionamiento continuado y exitoso hasta 1973. A partir de esta fecha, los sucesivos cambios politicos, sociales y economicos que tienen lugar en el pais alteran el equilibrio de un modelo profesional que hasta ese momento era practicamente homogeneo. El periodo de 1970 a 1996, en que el sector comienza una liberalizacion que aun hoy continua, supondra, para los profesionales de la arquitectura espanoles y sus organizaciones, un momento de analisis, de produccion de informacion y de toma de posiciones ante una crisis endemica y un nuevo modelo de arquitecto y de ejercicio de la profesion para los que las herramientas de gestion del mercado profesional y sus instituciones no estaban preparadas. Los Colegios abordaran esta tarea introspectiva de formas diversas y sus sucesivas aproximaciones a la situacion a lo largo de este periodo discurriran entre la defensa del origen gremial, del modelo laboral y organizativo basado en el arquitecto liberal -el creador, en buena medida mitificado- y el planteamiento de cambios adaptativos acordes a la cambiante situacion espanola; entre hacer siempre lo mismo y necesitar, cada vez de forma mas urgente, resultados diferentes. EnglishThe governing bodies of Spanish architecture were fully consolidated in 1931 with the appearance of the Official Colleges of Architects. These institutions and their administrative and professional tools were largely the result of the medieval guilds, artisanal workshops and the corporatism of the Franco regime (heir of the guilds) and successfully continued operating until 1973. Since then, the successive political, social and economic changes that have taken place in the country have altered the balance of a professional model that, until then, had been practically consistent. From 1970 to 1996, the sector experienced a process of liberalization that continues today and which, for the professionals of architecture, would bring a time of reflection, of information and of taking positions in light of the endemic crisis and the new model of professional architecture, for which the professional market management tools and their institutions were not prepared. The Official Colleges dealt with this introspective task in different ways and their successive approaches to the situation throughout the period ranged from defending the original guild system, a labour and organizational market based on professional architects -somewhat mythicized creators-, to the consideration of changes in order to adapt to a constantly changing Spain; between doing the same things and urgently needing a different result.

The authors approve a mathematical model for estimating the value of an object taking into account trends in the residential real estate market in the MATLAB software package with the assignment and correction of the fuzzy set membership functions. Fuzzy computations are performed using the Mamdani method, which requires defining the membership functions for the output variables. We consider schemes for constructing systems of fuzzy inference for variables (the real estate object state) and (the real estate market state). The results of calculations using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox are given on the surfaces of fuzzy inference systems that show the dependence of the output variables on the individual input variables.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how to improve the contribution of farmers markets (FMs) to the local food economy and improve their management through a new temporary clustering management approach.Design/methodology/approachThe research encompasses 78 structured interviews with farmers’ market vendors in the central coast region of California. A descriptive statistical and exploratory analysis to capture and evaluate the extent of various clustering activities currently existing in FMs is presented.FindingsAnalysis suggested an existing clustering behavior in FMs with different degrees that would enhance the role of these markets in local food economy. The improved social capital and financial performance of these markets shown in this study outperformed other cluster metrics monitored. Furthermore, there were some positive relationships between knowledge sharing (as a cluster activity) and both integration and financial activities among FMs vendors, highlighting interesting dynamics generated by the temporary nature of these clusters.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was based on an exploratory research design, investigating a selected number of vendors in the central coast region of California. The research does not claim to provide a comprehensive survey of all FMs.Practical implicationsThe analysis resulted in recommendations to improve efficiency of FMs’ practices at both the management level and the strategic level. These recommendations will enhance the contribution of these markets to the local food economy. The results also expand the practical knowledge bodies of regional and local food business development. Finally, the study highlights the social role of FMs through showing social capital as one of the main clustering drivers.Originality/valueThis study contributes to theoretical knowledge concerning the impact of clusters on operation performance by exploring a new temporary proximity that can be added to the existing geographical and digital proximity enriching the clustering approaches debate. Furthermore, the analysis provides specific novel insights into potential operational improvements for current farmers’ market management to enhance their economic and social roles.

This paper discusses analytical aspects of smart grids and offers insights into the development of a business intelligence solution for the electricity market. The goal is to design a system that provides an emerging electricity market with the necessary data flows and information for forecasting, data analysis and decision making, leading to better business results and more control over the market. By employing a methodology specifically suited to the electricity market domain, we designed a business intelligence solution for the Serbian electricity market operator “Elektromreža Srbije”. The research results show that the proposed approach leads to more effective market management in data-rich smart grid environments, while still being dynamic enough to adapt to frequent rule changes in the still developing grids and their markets.

Topicality. The actuality of the problem of market management of environmentally friendly goods today is caused by objective conditions of development of production and market. Aspects of environmentally-oriented marketing are associated with the rapid development of technologies and processes that reduce the impact on the environment, and therefore, with the accelerated formation of the market of environmentally friendly goods. This requires appropriate development of marketing technologies for the market management of environmentally friendly goods. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical, methodological and practical applications, which should justify marketing technologies for the market management of environmentally friendly goods. As well as considering principles and approaches to assess the impact of environmental factors on market segmentation in the marketing process and, of course, e-market research on the current situation (conjuncture). Research results. The necessity of forming a system of markets is considered, taking into account the segmentation of the market of environmental goods, as well as such categories as environmental needs, ecological shortages and inquiries. The ecological consumer properties of goods are described, such as: the degree of attractiveness of the product, which corresponds to environmental standards for the buyer; the priority of products and goods with the trademark "environmentally friendly"; compliance with the requirements, considered in the legislative documents of the state level, and local legislation; conducting radioecological control of goods; the ability to meet the current and future needs of potential buyers, taking into account the environmental features of goods in the conditions of the adoption of a number of laws and regulations on environmental protection activities; necessity of modification of production in accordance with the revealed requirements of buyers concerning pollution of the environment. The research of a number of issues connected with ecological consumer properties of goods is offered. Conclusions. The results of complex studies can determine the most promising markets for sellers. To this end, the information received is systematized in a number of ways, taking into account the environmental components that allow the selection of priority social and environmental features markets and their segments.

The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the Orderly Administration of Market Levy Payments in East Barito District, Central Kalimantan. The type of research used in this study is descriptive with qualitative research methods with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data sources in this study are the Head of the Trade Office, the Head of the Market Management Division, the Head of Market Signatures, and the effective Banyan Market Traders. Based on the results of the study showed that the orderly administration of payment of market retribution had not gone well, this is because there are still many unregulated administrative traders every month and related agencies are not strict in taking action against traders who are not orderly administration. Traders complain that the government does not pay attention to market facilities, infrastructure in the form of roads and the level of market cleanliness. Kendal-constraints that prevent the Department of Commerce from carrying out administrative order, namely the lack of employees in the field and lack of assertiveness in carrying out their duties in taking action against traders who are not in orderly administration. The program carried out in carrying out administrative order is to register the name of the merchant and enter it into the database and make a rental contract for shops, market outlets and bases for a period of 2 years

In the knowledge-based economy, the issue of assessing the financial policy effectiveness and its impact on the level of socioeconomic development of the country and the population’s welfare is acute. Maximizing the effectiveness of financial policy is possible while ensuring financial safety of the country. Market management conditions create the existence of a shadow economy, which adversely affects the development and functioning of the global financial system in general and of each state. The purpose of the chapter is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the financial safety of states on the basis of determining the socioeconomic position of the country considering the shadow economy and revealing its impact on the level of the population’s welfare. To determine the financial safety of states, a methodology has been developed for calculating the total standardized indicator for assessing the socioeconomic position of countries considering the shadow economy by means of specially created system of indicators. Approbation of a technique is carried out on a selection of 45 countries in 2015. Based on the developed technique, a rating of countries was built. It was revealed that the higher the country’s financial safety, the higher the population’s welfare.

With the rapid development of electricity market, it is badly need that build Electricity Market Operation (EMOS). This paper describes the design and research on Electricity Market Operation (EMOS) in southern region. This paper introduces the electricity market model and its influence, which tells us that electricity market construction should be combined with China's reality. The remainder of this paper will provide the overall framework of the EMOS, of which the key techniques, such as rule bank and algorithms library, data management, statistical analysis, disaster preparedness and protection, and simulation system. EMOS is composed of six modules and introduces the main function of the six modules.

This study investigated the policies and the support structures used by computer retailers to support market management culture in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape Provinc...

Classical swine fever has been negatively impacting pig production in Nusa Tenggara Timur province in eastern Indonesia since its introduction in the 1990s, with live market trade contributing to disease spread. To understand market trader knowledge and practices regarding pig management, biosecurity, pig movements and pig health (specifically CSF), a repeated survey was conducted with pig sellers and pig buyers at 9 market sites across West Timor and the islands of Flores and Sumba. A total of 292 sellers and 281 buyers were interviewed in 2009 during two periods (rounds), a high-demand month (September) and a low-demand month (November). Information was collected via questionnaire. The majority of traders were male (sellers: 89%; buyers: 87%) with the highest level of completed education being primary school (sellers: 48%; buyers: 41%). The primary occupation of most respondents was farming: 90% of sellers and 87% of buyers were smallholder pig farmers and tended to sell their own home-raised pigs at market (52%). Pigs were sold for monetary gain either for primary (52%) or extra income (44%). Markets tended to be selected based on a good reputation (62%), a location close to residence (62%) and having the desired pig type (59%). Pig sales through markets were reported to be highest from August to October with 31% of sellers trading pigs at two or more markets. Prices at market were significantly higher on Sumba compared to West Timor and cross-bred pigs were significantly more expensive than indigenous pigs. Understanding of CSF and biosecurity was limited: 85% of sellers and 83% of buyers had no prior knowledge of CSF. Fifty-four percent of sellers reported no use of any biosecurity practices at market. Most respondents (88%) were able to recognise at least one clinical sign of a sick pig. Informal pig movements were also identified: 18% of pig buyers purchased pigs directly from other farmers. This study has provided baseline information on market trader activities at live pig markets in NTT that can contribute to the formation of sustainable strategies for improving pig health. Since NTT is the poorest province in Indonesia and pigs play a vital socioeconomic role in this province, market management and farmer education is needed to improve the pig market chain and contribute to socioeconomic development.

Raw environmental management is an essential factor in the successful implementation of strategic power. Environmental management improves the level need to manage innovation. If get called substitution, the environmental management of change of, ecological to realization, must be sustainable economic development. With environmental and economic policies and market management, the portfolio management machine learns the ecological environment's essential benefits. Existing environmental protection measures and environmental management methods on (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) FPGA-based machine learning ecology ecological significance analysis of current development, must establish an ecological compensation mechanism by the current FPGA environmental management. Assumptions. Due to the lack of laws and regulations, an essential factor in the overall management of the ecological environment and environmental management practices. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a legal system of ecological compensation law. The establishment of ecological compensation is clear, eco-taxes, ecological compensation fund system, and ecological management and oversight point to explore current FPGA environmental management.

The current state of Ukraine’s economy requires adaptation of Ukrainian enterprises to the rational consumption of financial resources and functioning of market management mechanisms, which have their own specifics. Material flow is the most important component that ensures the functioning of the enterprise and the movement of material and other resources. Despite the active discussion on providing for the effectiveness of financial flow management, little attention is still paid to the mechanism of its management in logistics systems. The purpose of the article is to form a mechanism for managing financial flows taking into account the peculiarities of logistics systems.To form the above mechanism, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis of information on financial flows management in the logistics systems of the enterprise. In the course of the research the methods of comparative, economic-statistical, technical-economic analysis, graphoanalytical methods of reflection of the research results were also widely used.The article further develops the mechanism of financial flow management, which, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the specifics of financial flow management in logistics systems and is comprehensive in its nature.The received technique allows the enterprises to reach the purpose and solve the problems of separate participants, to provide stable and effective functioning of logistic systems.The results obtained, which consist in the development of a mechanism for managing financial flows in logistics systems, allow for further research on the management of financial flows performed at the enterprise and evaluation of reserves to improve the efficiency of logistics systems.

Information asymmetry plays an important role in the non-adoption of modern agricultural inputs like improved seeds, pesticides and fertilizers etc. Therefore, this study investigated the role of farmers’ socio-economic attributes and farm level characteristics in avoiding asymmetry of information in agricultural input markets (i.e. exaggerated prices and low quality). The approach captures the farm level heterogeneity and complexity that may help the authorities in strengthening existing market regulations to control price and quality disparities. We analysed 395 randomly selected farm households using multinomial logit model. We found that farmers with large landholding size are less likely to face quality and more likely to face price information asymmetry. Farmers with higher education, more physical assets and better access to other sources of information are less likely to face both quality and price information asymmetry. Borrowers as compared to purchasers are more likely to face information asymmetry on prices of agricultural inputs. Non-adopters of improved agricultural technologies are more suspicious of information asymmetry than adopters. The paper thus provides evidence that the socio-economic dynamics of information asymmetry can have an important influence on wide spread adoption of technology. Paying more attention to farm level heterogeneity and complexity would help to develop general market management plan and improve the adoption of technology by farmers.

To close the quality control circle, suppliers of perishable foods to markets must be rated. Once or twice a year quality control records of these processors should be surveyed to see that proper records, controls, and bacterial counts are available. Inspections should be made to see that suppliers have the necessary facilities kept in correct condition. When food markets have inspection forms and gained knowledge to use these materials, they are well on the way to know the score in their store. It is then up to management to educate and modivate all employees in the importance of excellent quality control standards. These standards must be set high and must be checked honestly and regularly. Finally, market management should keep a file of inspection records and take pride in improving scores.

This study tests the validity of the law of one price (LOP) in Iranian broiler and egg markets. It uses daily retail prices in West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Tehran, and Zanjan provinces for the period 2006–2014. Our results confirm the existence of nonlinear behavior in the different series. Emmanouilides and Fousekis’s (Agric Econ 43(6):715–723, 2012) nonlinear unit root test, which is an auxiliary regression for the ESTAR model, shows that both broiler and egg markets are well integrated and LOP holds in all market pairs. For the broiler market, a strong version of LOP holds for Tehran-West Azerbaijan, Tehran-Ardebil, Tehran-Zanjan, West Azerbaijan-Ardebil and the West Azerbaijan-Zanjan pairs, and a weak version of LOP holds for the Tehran-East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan-East Azerbaijan pairs. In the egg market as well, a strong version of LOP holds for all market pairs except for Tehran-Ardebil. Hence, the study recommends that managers and policymakers need to be careful while adopting stabilization policies and market management for these two products because the related markets in the other provinces are integrated and the effects of these policies in each province will influence producers and consumers in all the other provinces as well.

Fish producers are facing high costs of food which rank between 30–60% out of total production costs. Optimal ration sizes are needed to improve management strategy by integrating technical-economic efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. In contrast with the usual feeding practices in a farm and others consisting on normalized constant ratios, on this work non-constant optimal ration sizes throughout a culture cycle are determined. To do this, a bioeconomic model and the optimal control theory were employed. The model was parameterized for the case of farmed tilapia culture in Mexico and a potential type growth equation was selected. Optimal ration size trajectories were calculated for different destination markets (Monterrey, Mexico City, Cancun and On site) and different harvest sizes (200, 300 and 400 g). The higher net profit was obtained in the Monterrey market with 3,401.00USD/tank for tilapia of 400 g, whereas for sizes 300 and 200 g in Cancun the higher net profits were 2,505.04USD/tank and 1804.61USD/tank respectively. Likewise, produce small organisms to the markets of On site and Cancun generate less TAN and produce bigger fishes to the markets of Mexico and Monterrey increase TAN generate. We also present a discussion on the economic and ecological implications of optimal ration and decisions focused to the market management of tilapia.

Within the European Commission (and before that the High Authority), there existed a group of European Commission officials who believed in the possibility and necessity of building a European Community that extended beyond the economic realm of market management and the political ambition of greater integration to include a uniquely civil dimension. This chapter provides an overview of the European Commission officials who were part of this group, their differences and similarities and ultimately their common belief that Europe needed a comprehensive kind of peace, one that necessitated the building of what I call ‘Civil Europe’.

Formation of a market management mechanism in the Russian economy objectively requires strengthening the role of logistics in general and in the restructuring of the automotive industry in Russia in particular. In the article the main reasons that caused such an interest in the analysis is the automotive industry. Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative, economic and statistical analysis methods. The purpose of this article is to reveal the key theoretical and practical issues of the role of logistics in the restructuring of the automotive industry companies, taking into account global transformations occurring in the world economy. This has allowed to specify the main issues associated with the use of logistics in the restructuring of the automotive industry in Russia. Conclusions. The following conclusions were obtained: research in the field of restructuring of the automotive industry enterprises are considered in the most general terms as "any changes to the strategic nature of the enterprise"; The second approach – the authors in their definitions focus on the restructuring of its individual aspects – goals, directions and forms of restructuring.

The article analyzes the current trends in regional commodity markets and identifies their potential for food security. The author systematizes the current findings on the role of logistics in regional commodity market management and discusses the advantages of the logistics approach.

A study was undertaken to identify the causes of the postharvest losses of horticultural crops along postharvest chain and set solutions for the identified and prioritized problems related with horticultural crop's management in Jimma town, the case of Bishishe market. In the first phase of the study a survey was carried out using random sample to collect information on the present system of postharvest handling of horticultural crops. The market management of horticultural crops were identifies by interview, questionnaires, and observation regarding to handling practice, hygienic condition of fruit handlers, problems related to transportation. The major stages of postharvest marketing sequence were identified and loss assessment was carried out at each stages followed by prioritizing the problems based on the loss assessment results. The survey result reveals that a major cause of postharvest loss of horticultural crops is mismanagement of commodities along postharvest system. Poor postharvest handling facilities and practices such as absence of sanitation, temperature management, uniformity of quality within containers, overfilling of containers and other quality and safety assurance problems were among the common causes for these observed losses. The second phase of this study was prioritizes the problems based on the loss assessment results obtained in phase one and intervene those problems.

Modern market growth in Indonesia showed significant figure compared to the growth of the traditional markets. The shrinking of the traditional market and modern market growth was also due to the rising living standards and changing lifestyles of people, as well as the desire for comfort, freedom, guarantee low price and good quality into consideration of the public. The purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of the modern market to traditional market traders. The analysis used in this research was a quantitative analysis with Difference-in-Difference (DiD) method, analysis using different test (t-test) with Wilcoxon, Buyer Perception Analysis, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the results of analysis using DID (Difference-in-Difference) by comparing market treatment and control markets, it was found that the impact of the presence of a modern market to traditional market traders evidenced by the decrease in the average turnover of the traditional market traders reaching (-7.8 %), the average profit (-9.39%), the number of buyers (-12.3%), and a decrease in the number of workers in traditional markets (-2.50%). Meanwhile, the results of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) indicated that there were several aspects to improve the traditional market competitiveness according to priority measures to be carried out in the first place, namely the local government support (29.43%), facilities and infrastructure (23.96 %), the market management (20.60%), finance (15.02%) and merchandise inventory in the last rank (10.98%).

While there are growing interests in using pumped hydro storage to facilitate the integration of renewable resources, the flexibility of storage is not being fully utilized by existing energy and market management systems. Today, one common approach to operate pumped hydro storage is to determine schedules for a future time horizon based on a look-ahead operational planning stage, with limited adjustment in real-time. However, as renewable penetration levels increase, such approaches do not fully utilize the flexibility of pumped hydro storage. In this paper, a policy function approach is proposed to enhance the utilization of pumped hydro storage in realtime operations. Classification techniques are utilized to construct the policy function. The performance of the approach is evaluated and compared with other benchmark approaches using the IEEE RTS 24-bus system. The result shows that the policy function approach is effective in utilizing the flexibility of pumped hydro storage and has minimal added computational complexity to the existing dispatch process.