Search

BACKGROUND: Social support from colleagues is a key resource for employees and organizations, with beneficial effects on performance, employee well-being and resilience. Although the importance of social support is well-known, the factors that help to build and maintain social support are not equally well understood. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the impact of workgroup characteristics (i.e., workgroup composition regarding national diversity and tenure; workload) and the COVID-19 pandemic on employees’ perceptions of instrumental and emotional support, and examines the mediating role of informal interactions. METHODS: The study is based on responses from 382 seafarers to a cross-sectional online survey. Hypotheses were tested using OLS regression and mediation analysis using PROCESS. RESULTS: Workgroup composition regarding national diversity had indirect effects on social support through informal interactions around social foci (here: joint leisure activities). High workload and pressure from the COVID-19 pandemic reduced interactions around social foci, thus contributing to the erosion of perceived social support. CONCLUSION: The findings provide insights on the development of social support, suggesting that informal interactions provide an important mechanism for the development of social support at work. From a theoretical perspective, this highlights the value of a relational perspective on the development of social support, a perspective that is based on the insight that social support is embedded in social relationships. From a practical point of view, this indicates that organizations can proactively foster the development of social support through practices that shape workgroup characteristics and social foci.

Digital transformation and automation in the shipping industry is resulting disruptive changes to ship design, operations, and manning that aim to enhance safety, efficiency, and the environmental sustainability of maritime logistics. While there is growing research interest in these areas, examining the role of human element in the new smart shipping context is largely neglected. Through a systematic literature review, this paper aims to explore the multi-dimensional impact of autonomous shipping technology resulting from the application of Industry 4.0 and future industrial revolutions on seafarers. The impacts include the changing role of seafarers on-board and the strategies required to engage seafarers in their transition from traditional shipping to autonomous and smart shipping. The paper concludes that Industry 4.0 is being challenged for its shortfall in recognition of the importance of human role and its intelligence in the expected current industrial revolution. As a result, there is a demand to look further and beyond Industry 4.0 by introducing the next generation of industrial revolution, namely Industry 5.0. This paper suggests that the impact of this revolution in the maritime industry can be defined by concepts such as Maritime 5.0, Shipping 5.0, Seafarer 5.0, Maritime Education and Training 5.0 (MET 5.0).

Extreme climate change has occurred over the last decade, which has impacted the port and shipping industries. Port operations are vulnerable to the detrimental effects of climate change, which are...

Academics and the maritime industry have used the Heinrich Pyramid for decades to justify overall safety theory, risk assessments, and accident prevention strategies. Most use Heinrich’s original severity ratios (1:29:300) for accident causation development in a factory setting. However, to use the Pyramid effectively and mitigate risks/hazards, it must be calibrated to represent specific industry reality. This paper, for the first time, focuses on calibration of Heinrich’s Pyramid to maritime accident data, using databases from the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport. This research clusters five years (2013–2017) of accident data, using K-Means clustering on categorical variables and severity levels of accidents, similar logic to Heinrich’s analysis. This approach and descriptive statistics provide new ratios between accident severity classifications for casualties with a ship (CS) and occupational accidents (OAs) separately. Results show that the data do not appear to fall into Heinrich’s Pyramid shape and yield a vastly different and lower ratio to that of Heinrich’s. Especially concerning was that Very Serious and Serious accidents occurred at a 1:5 ratio for CS and 4:1 for OA, very different from Heinrich’s 1:29. Although these results calculated a new ratio, it may not represent reality owing to accident reporting requirements under UK law, a lack of an agreed taxonomy of risk and hazard definitions, and likely underreporting of less severe accidents. This is proven because, in 2017, CS data became pyramid shaped, after a decrease in the number of accidents and a 17% increase in near-misses.

Maritime and civil aviation security is a global problem posed by terrorism and illegal acts and therefore requires global attention and solutions that can only be provided by relevant international organizations (International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Organization). Nineteen years have passed since the attacks of 11 September 2001 on the World Trade Center, but the threat of another terrorist attack is still just as possible and unacceptable. The series of attacks in the USA have started a new period of history. This period can be characterised as unsteady, unpredictable, and transforming of complex systems, including new types of dangers. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the most serious types of unlawful acts (terrorism and piracy) regarding legislation and jurisdiction. For the sake of comparability of legal phenomena, special attention is paid to illegal acts at sea and in the airspace above the sea.

Seaborne trade exhibits a continual expansion with technological advancement, reportedly 10.7 billion tons in 2017, with a 3.8% growth annually. It is forecast to double in the next two decades (UNCTAD, 2018). The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is persistently heading to stricter regulatory amendments to steer shipping towards a greener and more sustainable future. Therefore, green shipping has drawn enormous interest from both academia and researchers. This paper summarizes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aiming to understand the development of research trends in this area and suggest future research. Most of the research is focused on air pollution, practical operation or technical measures, recycling for GSP in the shipping sector. The theoretical approach to GSP and its concept is yet to be crystalline for the marine industry. According to existing research, further study is required to establish a GSP construct and propose pollution abatement technical solutions with a comprehensive evaluating tool. Besides, scholars from different territories may collaboratively suggest setting up standards and legislation of GSP for the life cycle of the ship to achieve an ever-sustainable maritime transport industry worldwide.

PurposeThe present study sets out to understand how a manufacturing company in the maritime industry utilized creative design principles and developed service design routines to advance digital servitization (i.e. the transition to offering smart product-service-software systems–PSS) and realize subsequent positive growth outcomes.Design/methodology/approachWe build upon a longitudinal single case of a marine solution provider. Using an action research approach, we collected data through in-depth interviews and informal conversations involving senior managers, project members and customer representatives over a three and a half-year period. In addition, secondary data such as documentary data, service design tools and visualization were utilized.FindingsThe inductive analysis highlights the underlining role of four service-design routines that drive creativity and an innovative approach to digital servitization transformation. More specifically, we identify (a) user insights through creative customer data acquisition, (b) smart PSS collaboration through co-creation across departments, (c) smart PSS ideation through creative forms of collaboration and (d) effective smart PSS delivery and commercialization through creative concept design as the drivers of the case company digital servitization transformation.Practical implicationsWe encourage senior managers within large manufacturing companies to promote the development of service design routines as these promote the transformation process from being a product-centric to service-centric firm. The four service design routines are built on a set of service design sub-activities providing concrete actions that can be applied by senior managers to successfully develop and deliver smart PSS offerings and achieve growth outcomes.Originality/valueThis study contributes by integrating digital servitization and service design literatures. We illustrate how manufacturing firms can drive a transition to digital servitization through service design activities and routines development for smart PSS strategy implementation.

Objectives: The current paper focuses on the impact of the unexpected event of the Covid-19 pandemic on the maritime industry. It searches the role adopted by key stakeholders of the shipping community with particular emphasis on the Ship Registries. Methods/Analysis: In order to conduct the research, there has been a thorough investigation concerning the initiatives taken by both governmental and private sector entities. Regulations and announcements issued to handle the Covid-19 pandemic are analysed and properly assessed. Findings: The response of the shipping sector, including the Ship Registries, was decisive and covered numerous aspects of maritime activity. Some of these actions taken can only be regarded as a temporary reply of the maritime industry to the threats imposed by the disease. At the same time, a significant part of these initiatives have a more permanent character and their acceptance by the maritime industry underlines their future potential. In this case, the appearance of the random event of the Covid-19 disease acted as a catalyst for developments in the shipping sector. Novelty/Improvement: This study is expected to contribute to the scientific orientation concerning the reaction towards the impact of future unexpected events with particular emphasis on the role of the Ship Registries. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-06 Full Text: PDF

Maritime is one of the sectors where conflicts from work to the family are experienced the most. It is vital to examine the results of behavioral outputs in an area where staying away from the fami...

The maritime industry faces the challenge of implementing a digital culture inherent in the 21st century and a modern way of doing business in shipping, maritime ports, and a more expansive, within a whole maritime logistic chain. The main question is the implications for marketing when the maritime business's digital transformation is an emerging issue. The paper is designed using the PEST impact matrix. The systematic literature review, literature analysis, and synthesis are the main methods applied. The most important results are political, economic, social, and technological changes of modern maritime business and their important implications for maritime marketing. These implications revealed the nature of change, the anticipated impact of change, opportunity or threats, and marketing's strategic response to the contemporary external environment.The paper fills the current literary gap and draws attention to the trends of the marketing, business organization, and human resource management in the maritime industry. All is linked with digital culture, which is still developing within the maritime industry.

The maritime industry could face major changes the coming decade. Technology development opens for new ways of operating vessels and autonomy is argued to revolutionise design and operations. However, despite a large focus on autonomy for several years, no autonomous concepts have become operational. In our paper, we suggest an initial step towards autonomy using unmanned automated vessels. To explore this, we utilize the coherence between the systems thinking and participatory design thinking process. We frame the project to focus on the Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) traffic regulation and organisation measures in a 2025 scenario. The study shows that the standardisation of traffic would be beneficial for the present MTS with only conventional vessels, it will be a prerequisite for a future MTS with automated vessels. Further, we identify that the VTS need to change their role from solving situations ad-hoc to assume a tactical responsibility in traffic planning and to resolve situations at an earlier stage. A prototype of the future MTS shows that the identified challenges are considered possible to solve within a short time frame and is summed up in one statement from a plenary discussion: ‘this is not difficult, we could do it tomorrow’.

Maritime clusters are conducive to promoting the development of an urban economy and maritime industry. The development of high value-added maritime industry is beneficial to upgrading a maritime c...

To provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the International Safety Management (ISM) Code (adopted in 1993 and entered in force on 1st July 1998). The Code, through its guidelines and recommendations, provides seafarers (ship’s crew) the course of action for the safety and quality assurance process on ships. Traditionally a paper-based system, the ISM Code is now being digitalized in every aspect to streamline the processes to improve ship operations. This paper presents findings of a review of existing literature available on the world wide web to highlight areas of the Code that have been impacted by technology and the benefits that are being reaped. However, recent cyber attacks on ships and the maritime industry require a discussion on various implications associated with ships becoming increasingly reliant on technology and the advancing digital world. This paper highlights and explains the related implications and suggests strategies to address them.

This article analyses the Maritime Sector economic grow impact to Lithuania’s economy from a Cluster perspective. The potential competitive Maritime industry Cluster in Lithuania is on interest because Lithuanian Maritime Sector is expanding its connections to the whole European region, going beyond the boundaries of anyone industry sector, is supported by EU Strategic documents, but the steps towards clustering still are tentative and negligible. Assessing the Maritime sector impact on Lithuania's economy, the total economic impact (direct and indirect) was calculated by using the following indicators: number of Employees, Turnover and Value Added at Production Cost (VAPC). The period for the evaluation of the statistical givens trends has been chosen for 5 years, according to Official 2007 – 2011 period statistical givens, provided by Department of Statistics. KEYWORDS: Competitiveness, Maritime Sector, Clustering, Lithuania. JEL CODES: O18, O32, P25, R11 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v13i2.830

Sustainability is a concept for achieving integration and balance in development to preserve and use resources properly by providing new solutions to overcome structural, social and economic misconceptions to prevent further degradation and waste of natural resources and create a better future for human societies. Sustainable development can be defined as a strategy for the correct use of resources, by modifying and redefining consumption patterns and avoiding one-sided development approaches. Therefore, sustainable development is defined as a long-term and unlimited solution for aligning different concepts (social, economic, and environmental), seemingly independent but related and influencing each other. This paper examines the challenges and capacities of the Oman Maritime Community and Maritime Energy Management's role in terms of sustainable development. To analyze this issue, the role of key players in Oman's maritime industry, such as the Oman Fisheries Company and the Oman Shipping Company, has been studied with the five main indicators of sustainable development goals, including people, the planet, peace, welfare, and partnership.

This is Part II of an overview of the state-of-the-art and emerging technologies for decarbonising shipping using ammonia as a fuel. Part I (1) covered general properties of ammonia, the current production technologies with an emphasis on green synthesis methods, onboard storage and ways to generate power from it. The safety and environmental aspects, as well as challenges for the adaptation of technology to maritime structure, and an insight for the level of costs during fuel switching are now discussed to provide perspectives and a roadmap for future development of the technology.

Shipping, which accounts for 2.6% of global carbon dioxide emissions, is urged to find clean energy solutions to decarbonise the industry and achieve the International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by 2050. It is generally believed that hydrogen will play a vital role in enabling the use of renewable energy sources. However, issues related with hydrogen storage and distribution currently obstruct its implementation. Alternatively, an energy-carrier such as ammonia with its carbon neutral chemical formula, high energy density and established production, transportation and storage infrastructure could provide a practical short-term next generation power solution for maritime industry. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and emerging technologies for decarbonising shipping using ammonia as a fuel, covering general properties of ammonia, the current production technologies with an emphasis on green synthesis methods, onboard storage and ways to generate power from it.

Various studies suggest that the maritime industry will continue to face the challenge of seafarer shortages. Young seafarer turnover has become a serious issue that cannot be underestimated. This paper aims to identify the root causes of young seafarer attrition in China and explore relevant solutions. It collects information via semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and least-significant difference are utilised for the variance analysis. The findings of the study show that occupational recognition and family responsibility are the two major factors contributing to young seafarers’ outflow. Chinese seafarers’ health status is another important factor that has received little attention. In addition, young seafarers of 31–35 years old have the most possibility of turnover, due to a number of reasons discussed in this paper. Age 40 or thereabouts is viewed as the watershed moment in a seafarer's career, so efforts should be made to help young seafarers pass through the hard period in their early thirties. This paper suggests that a clear career plan could be a potential solution to retain this backbone group as prospective senior officers.

Shipping plays an important role in the world, transporting over 80% of international trade and employing over 1.5 million seafarers. The maritime industry, including shipbuilding and equipment manufacturing, is extensive. Both of these interconnected businesses are facing rapid change caused by increasingly speedy technological development and the tightening of environmental regulation. This survey-based research analyzes the current and future competence needs of firms operating in maritime logistics and the maritime industry. The findings indicate that in both contexts, the increasing importance of various general competences is understood and the need is recognized in particular to improve those related to environmental regulation as well as technology and automation. Overall, the gap between current and desired levels of competence is expected to widen. In terms of education, this is likely to affect vocational training and university-level learning differently in that functional competences are emphasized more in the former and social and meta-competences in the latter.

This paper presents a thorough theoretical scientific analysis on cluster life cycles and highlights in detail the main structuring of the life-cycle types. Moreover, based on the provided example of the maritime industry cluster conditions, the author presents a deductive analysis of the entire cluster life cycle distinguishing the main local and global driving factors. Using scientific literature analysis and synthesis, systemization, as well as deduction there are outlined the emergence and evolution of the key cluster driving forces. Finally, the paper provides the most important findings on the cluster life cycle conditions that have impact on the cluster development processes. KEYWORDS: cluster, life cycle, driving factor. JEL CODES: D21, D85, E32, F44. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v23i1.1683

The increasing ecological concerns and the requirement to invent genuine substitutes to glass or strengthened fusions of carbon have improved the attention in polyamide amalgams filled with organic filaments, derivative of renewable and eco-friendly bases. The article’s scope is to endorse our attention towards the developed knowledge of science and technology in the field of green compound constituents to upkeep their grander application in numerous industries. Utilization of composites based on polymer and reinforced fibers (FRP) proposes numerous benefits for marine manufacturers to attain effective and dependable edifices. The trending applications of FRP in the maritime industry based on its materials, production techniques, and conservational disputes are projected to the attention of marine draftsmen, and also the potential exploration is concisely highlighted in this article.

DFA2 refers to a set of design rules introduced by S. Eskilander in his doctoral thesis[3] as a method to help design products for automatic assembly. In this method, design rules are used to assign an index to a particular design which can then give an indication of the suitability of that product/module to be assembled automatically. However, this methodology is based on a general perspective and is not fully suitable for the needs of every industry. This article reviews the methodology in the context of the maritime industry in Norway after studying a typical product offering from a maritime company. Based on the review, shortcomings of the DFA2 are realized and new design rules are proposed to be added to the original method. Additionally, this paper tries to prioritize the design rules based on certain criteria. This study suggests that the DFA2 methodology is customizable to meet the needs of any particular industry or organization. To achieve a high level of customization, a more detailed study of different product offerings from any individual company or industry is required.

Maritime industry in Malaysia is facing a perilous shortage of local shore-based skilful workers and has become the greatest challenge by means of the industry desires skilled manpower and expertis...

This article assesses the regulatory steer provided by the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, against the research evidence as to what works in making for effective worker representation and consultation on occupational safety and health. Based on the testimony of seafarers and regulatory agencies, it demonstrates that the Maritime Labour Convention provisions lack the necessary elements for an effective regulatory steer. This is because the conditions shown to support this form of representation are absent from or underdeveloped in the shipboard work environment. The article concludes with some suggested ways to enhance the Convention’s provisions to achieve a more positive effect for seafarers. JEL Codes: J28, J53, J83

One of the preconditions for good quality management of seaports is forecasting the traffic according to the number of passengers and the number of vehicles; in this way it is possible to plan and prepare activities for the smooth operation of the ports. This paper researches the port system as part of the coastal liner maritime transport. The set hypothesis is that the model of forecasting the traffic could be presented as a function of two variables. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to select the forecasting parameters. Based on the choice of parameters, using the Least Squares Method (LSM), the trend analysis is performed to choose the forecasting functions for maritime liner transport on the example of the Split City port. The statistical analysis on the choosed forecasting model using the coefficient of determination r2 and adjusted r2 model is performed to confirm the choice.

Primorje-Gorski Kotar County has eight county port authorities operating since 1999, which manage a total of 101 ports open for public transport, 27 of which are of county importance and 74 ports are of local importance. The focus of this article is directed on county ports communal areas open for public transport, i.e. on communal berths in such ports. The article processes a number of communal berths managed by each county port authority in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, including the amount of compensation for such moorings. The number of requests for communal berths for each of the eight county port authorities was collected by field research to compare the current capacity with the required capacity of communal moorings. The problems which occur during the use of communal berths and possible solutions to those problems will also be presented in the article.

The paper proposes a methodology for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks for the maritime industry, presented systematically. In the research, the methodology we applied to container ship, for a generic model of the fully cellular containership type and three modes of operation. The conceptual framework of the research was organized into three stages, which are detailed in the paper. Risk analysis and evaluation took into account the provisions of the IMO (Revised Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment - FSA for use in the IMO rule- making process). The major / priority risk factors were grouped into 12 risk scenarios, and the consequences of their materialization were related to 4 types of risk (the risk for human life, risk for the environment, risk for cargo, risk for the ship. The authors consider that the proposed research can be used by adapting it to identify, analyze, and evaluate the risks for the other types of ships.

The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 epidemic a pandemic on March 12, 2020. In a short time, the coronavirus disease had affected the entire world. Among the many negative consequences of the pandemic is damage to the world trade and economy. The maritime industry initially faced the worst effects of the pandemic. This is because the transportation in international trade is mostly performed by sea. Because the ships visit numerous ports all around the world, maritime commerce was affected instantly from the time the pandemic began. In this study, the effects of pandemic on maritime carrier’s liability and the carrier’s right to recover freight charges were researched. First, the consequences of the pandemic were discussed with regard to the unseaworthiness of the ship at the beginning of the voyage. Then, the issue was approached with respect to the liability of the carrier for loss resulting from loss of or damage to the goods or from delay in delivery. Finally, the effect of interruption or delay of the voyage due to the pandemic on the calculation of freight fixed per time and the effect of the loss or damage to the goods due to the pandemic on the carrier’s right to recover freight charges were examined. These issues were studied with regard to the provisions of Turkish Commercial Code regulating maritime commerce.

The maritime industry is one of the greenest modes of transportation, taking care of almost 90% of the global trade. The maritime container business revolves around liner shipping, which consists of container vessels sailing on fixed itineraries. For the last 20 years, there has been an increasing number of publications regarding how to design such fixed routes (services), to ensure a high level of service while minimizing operational costs and environmental impact. The liner shipping network design problem can briefly be described as follows: Given a set of demands (defined by origin, destination, time limit) and a set of vessels with variable capacity, the task is to design a set of weekly services, assign vessels to the services, and flow the demand through the resulting network such that it arrives within the stated time constraints. The objective is to maximize revenue of transported demand subtracting the operational costs. We present an in-depth literature overview of existing models and solution methods for liner shipping network design, and discuss the four main families of solution methods: integrated mixed integer programming models; two-stage algorithms designing services in the first step and flowing containers in the second step; two-stage algorithms first flowing containers and then designing services; and finally algorithms for selecting a subset of proposed candidate services. We end the presentation by comparing the performance of leading algorithms using the public LINER-LIB instances. The paper is concluded by discussing future trends in liner shipping, indicating directions for future research.

The recent emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies in mission-critical applications in the maritime industry has led to the introduction of the Internet-of-Ships (IoS) paradigm. IoS is a novel application domain of IoT that refers to the network of smart interconnected maritime objects, which can be any physical device or infrastructure associated with a ship, a port, or the transportation itself, with the goal of significantly boosting the shipping industry toward improved safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the IoS paradigm, its architecture, its key elements, and its main characteristics. Furthermore, we review the state of the art for its emerging applications, including safety enhancements, route planning and optimization, collaborative decision making, automatic fault detection and preemptive maintenance, cargo tracking, environmental monitoring, energy-efficient operations, and automatic berthing. Finally, the presented open challenges and future opportunities for research in the areas of satellite communications, security, privacy, maritime data collection, data management, and analytics, provide a road map toward optimized maritime operations and autonomous shipping.

Human error, an important factor, may lead to serious results in various operational fields. The human factor plays a critical role in the risks and hazards of the maritime industry. A ship can achieve safe navigation when all operations in the engine room are conducted vigilantly. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of 20 failures in auxiliary systems of marine diesel engines that may be caused by human error. The Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method (CREAM) is used to determine the potentiality of human errors in the failures implied thanks to the answers of experts. Using this method, the probabilities of human error on failures were evaluated and the critical ones were emphasized. The measures to be taken for these results will make significant contributions not only to the seafarers but also to the ship owners.

The article provides an overview of the impact on and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the maritime industry—merchant shipping, the cruise industry and ports as at the end of July 2020. With shipping being responsible for 80% of global trade, the article addresses issues relating to the response of the maritime industry, governments and international organizations to the pandemic. It also addresses the impact of the pandemic on the world’s almost 2 million seafarers who as key workers enable global trade. The article examines the serious challenges seafarers have faced relating to quarantine requirements, restrictions on border crossings with border closures, repatriation and crew changeovers, abandonment, renewals of certificates and licencing of seafarers, resupply and ship surveys. The article includes the response of governments and that of United Nations agencies and in particular the World Health Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the International Labour Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization. The significant role played by the maritime industry in providing substantive guidance is commended. The article concludes that COVID-19 will continue to have a huge impact on the maritime industry and on world trade for the foreseeable future. The expectation is that the industry will hopefully emerge stronger and become more robust to enable world trade to be efficient and sustainable. It is also expected that the pandemic will enable a greater recognition of the world’s seafarers who facilitate world trade, while ensuring a better future for humanity.

Maritime clusters benefit both business operations and the national economy. They have existed for a long time, and have contributed significantly to both global and regional economic development, ...

The fatigue of structural details of ships is of great importance in the maritime industry as they can lead to cracks which can jeopardize structural integrity. The hopper knuckle is among the most vulnerable areas in a ship with respect to fatigue damage. Analysis of the hopper knuckle has become mandatory for tankers in the Class Ship Rules and in the International Association of Classification Societies Common Structural Rules. Along with the fatigue damage record of the vessels, the fatigue analysis of the hopper knuckles is essential to ensure that the vessels have sufficient fatigue strength. In the current work, fatigue calculations are performed of the upper and lower hopper knuckle connections within midship of the oil tanker using simplified fatigue calculations based on Det Norske Veritas (DNVGL) Classification Note No. 30.7. The fatigue analysis is based on 25 years of operation in worldwide wave environment. A cargo hold model (½ + 1 + ½) amidships and a local finite element model of the hopper knuckle are generated. The local model provides relevant hotspot stress for fatigue life calculations. The results from the hopper knuckle fatigue analysis show that the vessels may expect fatigue cracks at lower hopper knuckle before the vessel reaches its design life of 25 years. Based on the findings, it is recommended to fit soft brackets and close scallops at the lower hopper knuckle on selected common frames in all cargo holds.

Various industries are undergoing transformation given recently available pervasive sensors, low-cost and low-latency digital communication, and distributed control technologies. The objective of this paper is to support the introduction of Internet of things (IoT) technologies in the maritime industry. The maritime industry is analyzed as a system of systems to define performance criteria and functions to be modeled and analyzed through simulation. In this case, the simulation of a shipping system includes models of operation, cargo loading, fuel loading, and docking for maintenance. In the simulation, various kinds of IoT technologies are defined by several input parameters. By changing the parameters, the simulator evaluates the impact of those technologies quantitatively. As a case study, 11 IoT technologies are evaluated and compared. The result reveals several insights that weight of the ship is the most impactful for the profit, controlling damage of the ship’s hull by operation is the most important for safety, and improvement in efficiency at ports is the key to reducing delay time in operation. Moreover, this paper shows that the sensitivity analysis by changing the input parameters can support the decision making of how much investment will be effective in considering the technologies’ levels.

This study provides a bibliometric review of 279 studies on the applications of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in the maritime industry, published in 214 academic outlets, authored by 842 scholars. We extracted bibliographical data from the Web of Science database and analysed it using the Bibliometrix tool in R software. Based on citation analysis metrics, we revealed the most influential articles, journals, authors and institutions. Using the bibliographic coupling methodology, we identified four underlying research clusters: (1) digital transformation in maritime industry, (2) applications of big data from AIS, (3) energy efficiency and (4) predictive analytics. We analysed these clusters in detail and extracted future research questions. Besides, we present research collaboration networks on the institution and author level.

Maritime industry is one of the most globally connected industries that include transportation of numerous types of goods and documents across the world. With that said, it is safe to say that abundance of financial and paper-trail transactions are made every day in order for goods to be transported from one place to another. The scope of this paper is to show that by implementing blockchain technology savings in time and money could be generated. This paper presents costs of container freights and rates in the last few years and assumes possible future costs of container freights and rates if blockchain based technology is implemented. Additionally, by using comparative method economical and time value of “traditional” bill of lading is compared with a blockchain bill of lading solution. It is also important to mention the potential impact of the blockchain technology on the world environment and ecology by reducing global paper consumption and emissions from vehicles that are used in the transportation process. This paper also gives a descriptive and comprehensive overview of current and future applications of blockchain technology in maritime industry.

PurposeThis research aims to deal with the analysis of the concept of balance scorecard (BSC) integrated maritime process management in a marine course.Design/methodology/approachSeveral research studies found that managers lacked a basic understanding of a BSC approach to evaluate a maritime course. This paper analyzes the theoretical and practical approach of strategic BSC tool, analyzing the risks and threats regarding marine accidents.FindingsThe conclusion is that the BSC can be applied as a maritime process management to course design. Students were assigned a BSC project in a foundational course and completed a survey to establish if the BSC enhanced their knowledge and understanding of maritime process within a maritime safety process.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research would be advised to include a more geographically and randomly selected maritime accident sample.Practical implicationsBased on the application of BSC, it was concluded that a better understanding of how maritime safety process management operates holistically was attained.Originality/valueThis research sheds light on a phase of the maritime safety process that has been neglected so far in the maritime education training and generates insights for maritime industry how they can formalize this process and how they can deal with it more systematically.

The complexity corresponding to the industrial projects and their management are concepts whose interest is increasing. The structural complexity derives directly from the main characteristics of c...

Badan Klasifikasi Kapal adalah suatu usaha jasa yang berbeda dengan bidang industri lain. Dengan melihat kaitan dan peran sertanya dalam derap langkah industri maritim dan adanya aturan Klasifikasi Kapal yang dibuat sebagai acuan, maka hakikat adanya jasa pelayaran dari Badan Klasifikasi mempunyai latar belakang yang kuat untuk menunjang kemajuan industri maritim. Secara jelas, Biro Klasifikasi Kapal harus membuat dan menetapkan suatu standar atau tolak ukur, petunjuk- petunjuk atau rules untuk acuan dari perencanaan, konstruksi pembuatan, dan survey berkala dari kapal- kapal niaga dan bentuk konstruksi bangunan dilaut lainnya. Sertifikat Class yang menunjukkan pada peraturan- peraturan dari rules tersebut akan menggambarkan kapal yang bersangkutan mempunyai kelayakan konstruksi dan mesin-mesinnya untuk digunakan sesuai dengan yang direncanakan. Dengan demikian suatu kapal yang diklaskan akan memberikan keamanan terhadap kehidupan dan barang- barang yang diangkut di kapal itu termasuk pencegahan pencemaran laut sekitarnya yang ditimbulkan dalam operasinya.

Accelerating technological advancement in the maritime industry is gradually increasing the range of functions once performed by humans to become automated. In the era of autonomous shipping, where the autonomous operating system takes the lead and data flows define decision-making, how the ship and its leaders can successfully navigate these new ways of working have important implications for safety, efficiency and reliability of future ship operations. It is critical that the non-technical skills requirements, in particular the leadership competencies, be re-evaluated as new operational paradigms of shipping systems emerge and evolve. This study extends the current research of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) by using a Delphi consensus survey and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a panel of 36 experts to (1) bridge a knowledge gap, i.e., the lack of an understanding regarding the leadership implication of autonomous shipping; (2) evaluate the applicability of current STCW leadership requirements for MASS operations; (3) identify and prioritize the leadership competences that should be accrued by the personnel involved in future ship operations. The results have shown that the current STCW framework is not fully relevant for MASS. The redefined leadership competence and the constructed hierarchy of criticality generated from this study can be valuable input for revision of the STCW and maritime education and training practices, contributing to successful ship operations of the future.

The maritime industry is getting much attention owing to the current energy and climate crises. There are increasing discussions on sustainable maritime transport across the globe especially after the successful implementation of the sulphur regulations in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). The world is now getting ready for the 2020 global sulphur cap suggesting that the energy transition outlook in the maritime sector is becoming clearer and there is no going back.Still, global energy consumption is growing at an alarming rate, and all hands must remain on deck to avert possible world crises. There are still questions related to clean shipping, waste management, clean fuel, decarbonisation of fuel and greenhouse associated with global warming. What are the expected hurdles of a complete transition to a complete clean maritime transport industry? Can the world achieve total integration of this policy to contribute to environmental protection?The study investigates the effect of both public and private cost of environmental governance in the maritime sector and evaluates the budding orchestration of green/clean shipping initiatives to activate regulatory policies using the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) regulation in the Baltic state region, its state of the art, coordination and cost. The study further addresses the gaps in the present and future development of regulation compliance focussing on their design, monitoring and control to meet the global outlook for the 2020 global sulphur cap.

Oceanic autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) are one kind of autonomous marine robots that have advantages of energy saving and is flexible to use. Nowadays, ASVs are playing an important role in marine science, maritime industry, and national defense. It could improve the efficiency of oceanic data collection, ensure marine transportation safety, and protect national security. One of the core challenges for ASVs is how to plan a safe navigation autonomously under the complicated ocean environment. Based on the type of marine vehicles, ASVs could be divided into two categories: autonomous sailboats and autonomous vessels. In this article, we review the challenges and related solutions of ASVs’ autonomous navigation, including modeling analysis, path planning and implementation. Finally, we make a summary of all of those in four tables and discuss about the future research directions.

There have been claims about how social acceleration affects us in different ways. However, such claims are mainly based on temporalities ashore. As such, we fail to grasp in their complexities the differentiated conflicted experiencing of temporalities in contemporary life. This article hopes to fill in this gap and in effect provides a more nuanced rendering of experiencing temporalities based on a particular social group who live and work in the fringes of our society and yet play a hugely important role in the global economy – the ocean-going merchant seafarers. Based on a fieldwork on board four merchant vessels, the experiencing of both fast time and slow time by seafarers is explicated here. It highlights how place (the ship and its work and living arrangements) and its available resources (or the paucity of them) and power relations with those ashore (shoreside personnel) shape the experiencing of time onboard.