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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la contaminación del aire sobre la salud respiratoria en las comunas de Chillán, Concepción y Los Ángeles entre los años 2013 y 2017. Material y Métodos: Se estimaron modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) a partir de datos diarios de atenciones de urgencias por enfermedades respiratorias desagregadas por tipo y rango etario, concentraciones de material particulado respirable (MP10) y material particulado fino (MP2,5), índice viral, variables meteorológicas y estacionales. Resultados: Se obtiene una asociación positiva entre los contaminantes analizados y las atenciones de urgencias por causas respiratorias, especialmente IRA alta y Bronquitis/Bronquiolitis aguda en Chillán, IRA alta en Concepción, y además, IRA alta, Influenza y Crisis Obstructiva Bronquial en Los Ángeles. Conclusiones: El incremento en el número de todas las atenciones de urgencia es aproximadamente 18.695 al año por cada 1 μg/m3 de incremento en las concentraciones de material particulado.

RESUMEN Campylobacter spp. es un patógeno alimentario resistente a antibióticos. Es considerado como el primer agente etiológico de diarrea en humanos en los países desarrollados, y el segundo o tercero en países en vías de desarrollo. Las especies termotolerantes de Campylobacter son mundialmente reconocidas por generar la campilobacteriosis, una zoonosis asociada al consumo de alimentos de origen animal. El cuadro clínico generado por estas especies suele ser autolimitado, y la aplicación de un esquema antibiótico solo está recomendado en casos clínicamente severos, debido al desarrollo de patrones de resistencia antibiótica en Campylobacter spp., situación que ha emanado de la incorrecta utilización de estos fármacos en salud animal y humana. A pesar de que las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son consideradas de notificación obligatoria, la resistencia antibiótica de Campylobacter spp. no es considerada dentro de la normativa chilena. Por otra parte, su notificación hacia laboratorios de referencia es baja y no está considerado dentro del Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos de Chile. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir, en base a publicaciones científicas actualizadas, a Campylobacter spp. como un patógeno alimentario y resistente a antibióticos, estimulando a reconocer al patógeno como un agente de importancia en la industria alimentaria.

This study analyzes redistributive policies in Chile associated with the establishment of a flat income tax, and the increase of conditional cash transfers using a computable general equilibrium model combined with microsimulations. The results show that the Gini coefficient under the baseline scenario projected to 2020 would fall by only 0.018 points, while it would be reduced by 0.037 in the short term and in 0.059 points to 2020 with a flat tax of 25% which increases the amount and number of beneficiaries of conditional cash transfers until decil 2 and maintains budget balance. Moreover, poverty would be significantly reduced as a consequence of transfer payments, which compensate the fall in labor income generated by the tax reform, at least in the poorest quintiles.

Se realizo un estudio con el objetivo de cuantificar y caracterizar la carga polinica en la ciudad de Temuco, entre los anos 2006-2009. Para el muestreo aerobiologico se utilizo un captador volumetrico Burkard Seven Day Volumetric Spore-Trap®. Las muestras obtenidas fueron analizadas semana tras semanas durante el periodo en estudio. Con los resultados del conteo polinico semanal se determinaron las 11 principales especies de flora urbana anemofilas de Temuco mas susceptibles de producir polinosis. Las mayores concentraciones de polen se obtienen entre Septiembre y Marzo, siendo las especies mas importantes: Pastos (Gramineae/Poaceae), Cipres (Cupressus sp) y Acedera (Rumex sp).

Se construye una Matriz de Contabilidad Social Extendida Ambientalmente para la Region del Bio Bio. Para ello aplicamos el metodo indirecto conocido como Cross Entropy para actualizar una Matriz de Contabilidad Social de esta region desde el ano 1996 al 2006. Esta matriz sirve de base para un analisis de multiplicadores, cuyo fin es identificar los sectores productivos de la region que generarian los impactos mas beneficiosos sobre la pro- duccion, equidad, pobreza, y contaminacion ambiental. Los resultados del presente estudio sirven para evaluar los sectores prioritarios escogidos por la Agencia de Desarrollo Productivo de la region del Bio Bio.

Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis is an unusual disease. Its clinical presentation includes pubic pain, fever and alteration of serum inflammatory markers in most cases. We report a 23 year-old male presenting with pubic pain and fever. Magnetic resonance showed an arthritis of the pubic symphysis and a 18 x 8 mm liquid collection. The patient was treated with antibiotics with a good clinical response. Two weeks after discharge, he was completely asymptomatic.

C reactive protein (CRP) is used as a marker of inflammatory, infectious and surgical processes.To measure post operative plasma CRP levels after elective orthopedic surgery.Four groups of 25 patients each were defined according to the type of surgical procedure performed. Group I corresponded to pure arthroscopic meniscectomy. Group II to arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or knee osteotomy. Group III to elective primary total hip or knee arthroplasty and group IV to instrumented elective spine surgery. Plasma CRP levels were measured prospectively at the preoperative day and at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative day. Patients that had any complication were evaluated independently.In all uncomplicated patients, a similar shape and distribution of plasma CRP curves were observed, with maximum postoperative levels observed between the second and third day. Patients with more complex surgical procedures had higher CRP values. In all groups, CRP levels decreased significantly at 7th and 15th day, with respect to the higher measured value. In patients with surgical complications, PCR values were higher or did not decrease significantly at the seventh postoperative day, as in patients without complications.Plasma CRP levels fluctuate after elective orthopedic surgical procedures, with maximum values observed between the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day followed by an ulterior decrease. This behavior changes if postoperative complication appear. Serial measurements of CRP levels may be useful in the early detection of surgical complications.

We report a 38 years old female who, since her childhood, had a history of precisely limited, fixed maculo papular dark brown cutaneous lesions in the trunk and extremities. These lesions become erythematous or urticarial after rubbing, medication intake or scratching. She also had frequent episodes of tachycardia, flushing, headache, abdominal pain, arthralgia, diarrhea and vomiting. She was hospitalized in three occasions due to high frequency tachycardia, hypotension, generalized urticarial erythema and clouding of consciousness. Three of these episodes occurred after the ingestion of antinflammatory drugs or acetylsalicylic acid. Mastocyte infiltration was confirmed in skin and bone marrow biopsies and in bone scintiscan. The use of H1, H2 blockers and mastocyte stabilizers gave partial relief to the patient.

Background:Fungi are eukaryotic organisms including molds andyeasts, as well as mushrooms. They are classified in the kingdom ofFungi, different from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plantsand animals. Although Fungi are ubiquitous, their growth is influ-enced by climatic conditions. Mold spores are a component ofhousehold and workplace dust, as well as the outdoor environments,and they potentially can cause allergic reactions and respiratoryproblems. Alike some allergic reactions to yeasts and mushrooms aredescribed in literature. Objectives of the study is to explore molds,yeasts, mushrooms sensitization in the sera collected from three dif-ferent continents: Europe, Asia and Americas. Method:The sera of 6106 patients were tested for specific IgE bymeans of FABER®test. The analysis was focused on 10 allergenicpreparations: 3 proteins (Alt a 1, Alt a 6, Asp r 1) and 7 extracts (Aspf, Asp n, Cand a, Cla h, Ple o [Sporocarp], Sac c, Tri me). Results:Out of the 6106 analyzed patients, average age33.4 years, 1074 (17.6%) are positive to at least one of the testedallergenic preparations (Americas 27.6%, Asia 24.8%, Europe 16.9%).Different patterns of sensitizations to fungi are present, based onthe continent of origin. Within the sera from Americas the preva-lence of sensitization to molds'genuine protein is: Alt a 1 14.5%; Alta 6 5.3%; Asp r 1 3.9%; to molds extracts: Asp f 5.3%; Asp n 9.2%;Cla h 10.5%; Tri me 6.6%; yeasts extracts: Cand a 14.5%; 2.6% forSac c; to mushrooms extracts: Ple o 0%.Within the sera from Asia the prevalence of sensitization to molds'genuine protein is: Alt a 1 5.1%; 1.4% for Alt a 6; 3.0% for Asp r 1;to molds extracts: Asp f 6.7%; Asp n 13%; Cla h 14.8%; Tri me11.4%; to yeasts extracts: Cand a 13.9%; Sac c 6.3%; to mushroomsextracts: Ple o 1.4%.Within the sera from Europe the prevalence of sensitization tomolds'genuine protein is: Alt a 18.3%; Alt a 60.9%; Asp r 11.6%; tomolds extracts: Asp f 1.2%; Asp n 4%; Cla h 4.3%; Tri me 3%; toyeasts extracts: Cand a 4.1%; Sac c 0.8%; to mushrooms extracts:Ple o 0.6%. Conclusion:IgE detection by means of the FABER multiplex testallows a homogeneous view of the sensitization profiles and pro-vides different results for patients belonging to different continents.Patterns of sensitization look different among geographical area.Due to the number of observations, unwanted biases could still bepresent so that, in order to draw conclusions, the study should beextended to larger cohorts of patients.