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In this work, the researchers developed a new composite membrane based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) doped carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix to obtain mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) that showed a high methanol resistance and also applied the citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent. The addition of Phosphotungstic Acid (PTA) as filler into the CMC/PVA matrix aims to improve the performance of the membranes. The composite membranes were evaluated for chemical stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), water uptake (WU), methanol uptake (MU), methanol permeability, and ion exchange capacity (IEC). The results showed the prominent value of oxidation stability according to its weight loss of 49.81 to 7.39% at 50 °C, the WU in the range of ± to 71.34%, the IEC of 0.17 to 0.72 mmol/g, the MU in the range 31.96 % to 4.38% and permeability of methanol in the range 17.28 × 10 -7 to 2.27 × 10 -7 cm 2 /s. The methanol permeability and uptake decreased along with the increase of the amount of PTA in the composite membrane. The addition of PTA increased the IEC and demonstrated significant positive effects in the composite membranes. In conclusion, the CMC/PVA/PTA membrane can be recommended as promising biomaterial for polymer electrolyte membrane direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications.

Mesoporous heterojunction MOF-derived α-Fe2O3/ZnO composites were prepared by a simple calcination of α-Fe2O3/ZIF-8 as a sacrificial template.

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a symptomatic compression neuropathy of the median nerve characterized by increased pressure in the carpal tunnel and decreased nerve function due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. The purpose of the hydrodissection injection method in CTS is to separate the soft tissue adhesions that cause nerve compression and this method are known for being minimally invasive, fast healing, and easy to apply. Local injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) is often used as therapy for CTS because it stabilizes the sodium channels and reduces abnormal stimulatio, thus it relieved the pain. 5% dextrose injection (D5W) is also widely used as therapy of CTS because it is harmless to nerves and may reduce neurogenic inflammation through inhibition of capsaicin-sensitive receptors. Aim: To compare the effectivity of hydrodissection injection therapy using ultrasound guidance with triamcinolone acetonide and 5% dextrose in CTS. Methods: This study recruited 30 participants who diagnosed with CTS and met the inclusion criteria. Participants were divided into two treatment groups, the first group (n=15) was given 1ml TCA injection and 1 ml lidocaine 2%, while the second group (n=15) was given 5% 5 ml Dextrose injection. The parameters measured in this study were NRS, FSS, and SSS value before injection and 4 weeks after injection of the agent. We compared these parameters at week four after injection between the TCA group and the D5W group. Results: NRS values before and 4 weeks after TCA injection (sig 0.001; p 0.05) for FSS (sig 0.512; p> 0.05) and SSS (sig 0.293; p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in NRS, FSS and SSS values at 4 weeks after hydrodissection injection, using either TCA or D5W. TCA hydrodissection injection compared to D5W hydrodissection injection was equally effective in improving NRS, FSS and SSS after 4 weeks of injection.

Chitosan (CS) was successfully extracted from the shrimp shell of Litopenaeus vanamei and used as a biopolymer for the fuel cells. The composite membranes containing chitosan blended poly ether-ether ketone (PEEK) and graphene oxide (GO) as filler were fabricated using solvent evaporation method and its physicochemical studies were also investigated. The sulfonation degree of sulfonated poly ether-ether ketone (SPEEK) was 60.61%. Among the fabricated membranes, the CS/SPEEK/SGO membrane was the best membrane to achieve high ion exchange capacity (IEC) which is 5.94 mmol.g-1. Moreover, its methanol uptake and permeability were 6.21% and 6.34×10-6 cm2.s-1, respectively. The highest water uptake was also obtained by CS/SPEEK/SGO membrane which is 61.54% followed by other membranes CS/SGO, CS/GO, CS/SPEEK, CS/SPEEK/GO, and CS. In a comparison, the lowest water uptake was obtained by pristine CS membrane which is 52.17%.

Phenylpropanoid sucrose esters (PSEs) are plant-derived metabolites that exist widely in medicinal plants and possess important bioactivities. Their precise synthesis is challenging due to the distinct and diverse substitution patterns at the sugar framework, and it is scarcely reported. Orthogonal protection/deprotection strategies for disaccharides are more complex and less developed than those for monosaccharides. We disclose a precise synthesis of PSEs starting from 2,1′:4,6-di-O-diisopropylidene sucrose 7via an orthogonal protection/deprotection and selective cinnamoylation strategy. We demonstrate the strategy for the synthesis of several PSEs cinnamoylated at the O-3 and O-4′ positions of diisopropylidene sucrose 7. The strategy is enabled by a carefully selected and synergistic set of protecting groups and deprotecting agents under the optimized conditions. It potentially gives access to the ∼150 reported PSEs and opens the door for the custom synthesis of unnatural PSEs for industrial applications. The reported work also presents a viable strategy for the general orthogonal protection/deprotection of disaccharides for the precise synthesis of other classes of phenylpropanoid esters and related compounds. Nanyang Technological University Published version We thank the Interdisciplinary Graduate School and the School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore for financial support (CoE, Startup Grant).

In this study, chitosan (CS) doped sulphosuccinic acid (SSA)-glycerol (Gly) and modified montmorillonite clay (MMT) were successfully fabricated. The membranes were prepared using the solution casting method. Analysis of morphology and topography using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the composite membrane with 3 wt% MMT filler, namely CS/MMT-1, possessed the most adequate surface roughness compared to the other fabricated membranes. Furthermore, mechanical characterization of the CS/MMT-1 composite membrane showed that the membrane achieved satisfactory mechanical strength with a value of 39.23 MPa. Proton conductivity of the composite membranes increased as the temperature was increased. The proton conductivity of the CS/MMT-1 composite membrane increased from 1.75 × 10

Suitably substituted cinnnamamides were successfully synthesized in 11-92% yield. Majority of the cinnnamamides displayed IC50 greater than acarbose. Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity greatly depended on their structure with electron-withdrawing groups on the cinnamoyl aromatic ring causing increased inhibition activity. The synthesized cinnnamamides showed acceptable physicochemical and pharmacokinetics characteristics with little toxicity indicating their potential use as lead drug candidates. Molecular docking studies of these compounds were also conducted to elucidate their mechanism of action. Overall, these cinnnamamides show potential as lead structures for further optimization as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nontraumatic peripheral neuropathy, which is caused by suppression of the median nerve below the transverse carpi ligament. Local corticosteroid injection is considered the fastest and most effective method for improving symptoms that occur in CTS. There are several corticosteroid agents that can be used, but there are no objective standards that can explain the most ideal drugs. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of hydrodisection injection therapy of triamcinolone acetonide versus dexamethasone on carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: This study involved 30 participants who were diagnosed with CTS and fulfilled the inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria were obtained. Participants were divided into two treatment groups; the first group (n = 15) injected with Triamcinolone Acetonide (TCA) 10mg / 1ml and lidocaine 1% 1 ml and the second group (n = 15) injected with Dexamethasone 4mg / 0.8ml and lidocaine 1% 1 ml. The NRS, FSS, and SSS parameters were assessed before injection and 4 weeks after injection in each agent. Then compared these parameters at 4 weeks after injection compared to the TCA group with the dexamethasone group. Results: NRS score before and 4 weeks after TCA injection (sig 0.000; p 0.05) and FSS (sig 0.119; p> 0.05), while SSS values were significantly different (sig 0.027; p

Headache is the most common neurological disorder among all the symptoms of general health problems. Headaches are the most frequently complained of after back pain, which brings someone to the doctor and harms personal, family, social, quality of life, work, and finances. This study aims to find out the characteristics of primary headache patients in the neurological polyclinic, RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. The design of this research was an observational descriptive study of the filled headache questionnaire was to determine the characteristics of headache patients who visited the neurological polyclinic at dr. Saiful Anwar Malang with complaints of primary headache. The procedure of this research is to provide a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is that the research variables will be presented in the frequency distribution table. The results of this research show that primary headache was more common in women as many as 19 people (61%) compared to male 12 people (39%). Most of the primary headache patients who came to the neurological clinic of Saiful Anwar Hospital were 30-60 years old. Tension-Type Headache (TTH) in this study had the highest percentage of 58%. In this study, cluster headache two patients all attacked women.

Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are privileged structures with many applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries since they possess wide bioactivities. Trisindolines are heterocyclic nitrogen compounds consisting of an isatin core bearing two indole moieties. Trisindolines have been synthesized by reacting isatins with indoles using various routes and the yield greatly depends on the catalyst used, reaction conditions, and the substituents on both the isatin and indole moieties. Amongst the synthetic routes, acid-catalyzed condensation reaction between isatins and indoles are the most useful due to high yield, wide scope and short reaction times. Trisindolines are biologically active compounds and show anticancer, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antifungal, anticonvulsant, spermicidal, and antioxidant activities, among others. Trisindolines have not previously been reviewed. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive account of trisindolines including their natural occurrence, routes of synthesis, and biological activities. It aims to inspire the discovery of lead trisindoline drug candidates for further development.

This paper reports the synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives 5–8, obtained from the appropriate isatins with pyrrole, with good yields and purity. The product structures were confirmed through spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines revealed moderate activity in all compounds, which was highest in sample 6 (IC50 0.47 µM). The anticancer activity was affiliated with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 and N-methyl of the isatin scaffold.

The Yamaguchi reaction is widely and generally applied to synthesize esters and lactones. It involves 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride as the Yamaguchi reagent, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. Pyrazinamide is a crucial first-line drug for tuberculosis treatment, therefore their analogues are interesting in organic synthesis. In general, the synthesis pyrazinamide analogues involve reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride to yield the corresponding acyl chlorides, which on treatment with amines gave pyrazine-2-carboxamides. However, thionyl chloride is listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention and releases toxic sulfur oxide when react with carboxylic acid. We successfully synthesized series of pyrazinamide analogues using the Yamaguchi reaction. The synthesis involved reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid with various aliphatic and aromatic amines in the presence of Yamaguchi reagent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The yield of the pyrazine-2-carboxamides and the reaction time depended on the type of the amine (aliphatic vs aromatic), substitution pattern, and number of substituents on the aromatic amines. N-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides can be prepared by this method in 81% yield; N-(2-ethylhexyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide and N-(4-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide showed the best activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common cartilage degenerative disorders that is a major problem because it causes chronic pain and disability. Therefore the method of treatment and prevention of old age is a big challenge. The results of Dextrose Prolotherapy compared to Triamcinolone therapy research are still varied. Objective: to compare the effectiveness of Dextrose Prolotherapy and Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) in the treatment of moderate knee knee OA.True experimental single blind study, at the Neurology Polyclinic Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang for 6 months (July-December 2019). Group I; Dextrose Prolotherapy (15%) intraarticularly injected 3 times every 4 weeks and group II; TA one- time intraarticular injection. The parameters studied were The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Score, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Range of Motion (ROM), weeks 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24. Forty samples consisted of; the 20 samples of the Dextrose Prolotherapy group consisted of; male: female = 2 (10%): 18 (90%), age 62.4 + 7.28, BMI 25.6 + 3.69 kg / m2, pain duration 22.35 + 20.10 months, history of physiotherapy 40.27 + 20.79 times. Kellgren–Lawrence osteoarthritis severity grade II; 17 (85%), grade III 3 (15%). TA group; male: female = 5 (25%):15 (75%), age 62.5 + 9.02, BMI 28.4 + 5.01 kg/m2, pain duration 15.95 + 16.55 months, history of physiotherapy 34 + 24.87 times. Kellgren – Lawrence osteoarthritis severity grade II; 18 (90%), grade III; 2 (10%). Comparison of NRS at rest Dextrose Prolotherapy vs TA of week 4 (2.60 vs 1.25), week 8 (1.65 vs 1.40), week 12 (0.8 vs 2.05), week 24 (0.75 vs 3.35). Comparison of NRS during activity Dextrose Prolotherapy vs TA week 4 (4.45 vs 3.35), week 8 (3.25 vs 3.55), week 12 (2.55 vs 4.30), week 24 (2.55 vs 5.80). Comparison of ROM flexion Dextrose Prolotherapy vs TA week 4 (127.05° vs 123.60°), week 8 (130.85° vs 122.95°), week 12 (130.85° vs 122.95°), week 24 (131.05° vs 122.10°). Comparison of WOMAC score Dextrose Prolotherapy vs TA week 4 (30.05 vs 22.45), week 8 (22.90 vs 23.95), week 12 (19.30 vs 29.05), week 24 (18.95 vs 35.40). Intraarticular Injection Dextrose Prolotherapy is more effective for the long term based on pain scale NRS, WOMAC score and ROM. Whereas short-term TA is more effective than Dextrose Prolotherapy.

Radiofrequency (RF) intervention uses high frequency alternating current (AC) to inhibit and alter nociceptive pathway in various locations. Radiofrequency is divided into Continuous RF (CRF) and Pulsed RF (PRF). Continuous RF is a process in which the RF current is used to produce thermal lesions on the target nerve that will result in resistance to the afferent nociceptive pathway. PRF is a process whereby short bursts of RF are discharged toward a neural target that will produce a signal for lowering pain. PRF is a therapy of neural tissue with small neurodestructive possibility and is an alternative technique for continuing RF. RF therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that has been used for about three decades to treat various chronic pain syndromes such as trigeminal neuralgia, post herpes neuralgia, lower back pain (LBP), and complex regional pain syndromes or sympathetic reflex dystrophy. The mechanism action of the PRF involves cellular structure damage, neuronal activation, altered gene expression, a global continuation of evoked synaptic activity in pain fibers through centrals and changes in synaptic strength and long-term potentiation. PRF with its various characteristics has a better outcome than conventional RF.

Zeolite is extensively synthesized for the application in a large variety of catalysis processes such as ion exchange, hydrocarbon cracking, and organic synthesis. In order to satisfy the serious terms of sustainability that denotes to the reduction of costs and chemical waste, kaolinite-based zeolites were produced from cheap natural resources as against to the conventional process that employs pure sodium silicate and sodium aluminate. This review paper is to highlight the current trends in the synthesis of zeolite. Prior to previous reviews, great concern is focused on the impurities effect on the catalytic performance of kaolinite-based zeolites. This study reveals that the impact of impurities in a catalytic reaction was in fact, underestimated or neglected. For instance, it was found that Fe ion concentration as small as 60 ppm gives significant catalytic output. Hence, a new practice to report the concentration of impurities in the research publication is suggested. This undoubtedly will generate a better interpretation of the catalytic activity from the zeolite framework.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a sudden, severe, brief, stabbing, and recurrent pain within one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia has a prevalence of 0.1-0.2 per thousand and an incidence ranging from about 4-5/100,000/year up to 20/100,000/year after age 60. A 35 year old woman presented with 1 year history of right facial pain. Physical examination showed hyperalgesia and allodynia in all division of right trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast demonstrated flow void signal in the right cerebellopontine angle. Computed tomography angiography confirmed the diagnosis of AVM (arteriovenous malformation), and demonstrated the malformed niduses were fed by the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the right superior cerebellar artery, and drained vein into basal vein of rosenthal, without hemorrhage or aneurysm intranidal appearance. carbamazepin 2x100 mg per oral for 7 days effectively decreased the facial pain significantly (from the numeric rating scale (NRS) score 8 to 5). Open surgical was not prefered for this patient because the AVM was small, unruptured, and located in eloquent area. Radiosurgery is considered if the medication fails. Trigeminal neuralgia with facial pain affecting all devision of nervus trigeminus with pulsatile headache can be suspected symptomatic TN. Radiological examination such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) angiography can be performed to detect the cause of TN.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral nerve lesion because of the nontraumatic mechanism or a pressure or entrapment of the median nerve under the transverse ligament ( flexor retinaculum ). Hydrodisection is used for adhesiolysis to eliminate adhesion and release the median nerve from the retinaculum and connective tissue around it and avoid injury to the nerves. Objective: Compare the effectiveness of hydrodisection injection therapy using an ultrasound guide between normal saline and triamcinolone in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: Experimental study was carried out in the outpatient clinic of the hospital Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang from August 2018 to October 2018. A total of 30 patients. All study subjects were subjected to NPS, FSS, SSS scoring compared to before and 4 weeks after injection of hydrodisection and compared the effectiveness of injection agents. Results: NPS before and after triamcinolone injection (sig 0.000; p

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Nanocellulose (NC) composite membranes containing novel ternary materials including NC, imidazole (Im), and mesoporous phosphotungstic acid (m-PTA) were successfully fabricated by a phase inversion method. The single-particle size of NC was 88.79 nm with a spherical form. A m-PTA filler with a mesopore size of 4.89 nm was also successfully synthesized by a self-assembly method. Moreover, the fabricated membrane NC/Im/m-PTA-5 exhibited the best performances towards its proton conductivity and methanol permeability at 31.88 mS cm⁻¹ and 1.74 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹, respectively. The membrane selectivity was 1.83 × 10⁴ S cm⁻³

Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBM) is the most severe, life-threatening form of tuberculosis that contributes to as much as 5% of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Emerging at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has been shown to affect various organs, including the brain. In this case report, a 21-year-old woman diagnosed with TBM, being in the intensive phase of tuberculous therapy, came with dysphagia and dysphonia as new complaints felt one day before admission accompanied by a positive meningeal sign, diplopia, and cephalgia, which became heavier after previously getting better. Cough and fever followed this complaint two days before admission. About the laboratory results, the PCR was positive for COVID-19, and CT scans showed increased leptomeningeal enhancement when compared with CT scan one month earlier. The patient received intravenous dexamethasone, anti-tuberculosis drugs, phenytoin, aspirin, oseltamivir, and hydroxychloroquine. The patient died four days after being hospitalized due to respiratory failure. This case report shows the coinfection of COVID-19 and TBM resulting in a poor tuberculosis treatment response and outcome.

4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was obtained in a good yield by the reaction of 2-methylcinnamic acid, 4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine at room temperature for 40 min. The structure of 4-methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was established by FTIR, NMR, and the high resolution of mass spectroscopies. 4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity than standard drug acarbose. The molecular docking study exhibited that the title compound 1 had a good affinity for α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37) and formed some interactions with the α-glucosidase active site residue.

Zoster Herpes which is also known as ‘shingles’ may cause infection on neuro system through the reactivation of the virus. This infection causes skin eruption along the affected dermatomal distribution and it is called post herpetics neuralgia. This condition occurs on approximately 9-15% patients of zoster herpes who receive no treatment. Elderly women have a higher risk of the condition. Complete oftamoplegia is also related with zoster herpes. It was reported that there were 16 cases in the past one year with a relatively good prognosis (total recovery within 18 months) with an analysis starting from inflammation of trigeminus nervus to cavernosus sinus, cranialis nervus microinfark caused by vasculitis, meningeal inflammation, and demyelinisation (of autopsy). On the other hand, there are theories showing a correlation between zoster herpes infection and multiple sclerosis. Based on the epidemiologic study which has been conducted, that zoster herpes is influencing multiple sclerosis. This virus might induce autoimmune cascade and proinflammatory via particle like Toll – like receptor 4 (TLR-4).

The chitosan/organo-montmorillonite (Ch/O-MMT) membrane was fabricated and tested. Surface modification of O-MMT particles using 3-glicydoxy propyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to enhance its compatibility with chitosan is presented. The resulting composite membrane was characterized by using SEM, AFM, and FTIR to observe the morphological and functional group structure. The crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength was analyzed by XRD, TGA, and tensile test. The results suggested that the modification of MMT using GPTMS could increase the compatibility of O-MMT with chitosan membrane, thus producing a good composite membrane with well-dispersed MMT filler within the chitosan polymer matrices. Based on the FTIR analysis, the presence of GPTMS could improve the interaction between chitosan and O-MMT material, thus forming more hydrogen bonding with chitosan membrane than Ch/MMT membrane. The TGA curve analysis showed that the addition of inorganic filler into chitosan organic matrices was able to increase the thermal stability of Ch/MMT and Ch/O-MMT composite membrane, suggested to mechanical strength analysis. The improvement in thermal stability was due to the absence of hydrogen bonding formations between chitosan polymer and O-MMT filler. In addition, greater hydrogen bonding formation would lead to the tighter packing of Ch/O-MMT composite membrane, resulting in higher bonding strength and higher thermal resistance. All of the characterization results confirmed that the Ch/O-MMT composite membrane has better physicochemical properties than Ch/MMT composite membrane.

N’-(5-nitro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (NH) was successfully synthesized as a ligand, then grafted onto the surface of mesoporous silica SBA-15via an aminopropyl bridge. The successful grafting of ligand NH onto the hybrid nanomaterial (SBA-15/APTES-NH) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. On excitation at 276 and 370 nm, the ligand NH and the hybrid nanomaterial SBA-15/APTES-NH showed a strong and narrow emission peak centered at 533 nm. By dispersing SBA-15/APTES-NH in an aqueous solution containing metal ions, the resulting solid materials showed a higher binding of NH sensing site to Fe3+ ions as compared to the others with a quench of the emission intensity up to 84%. This result showed that the hybrid nanomaterial is a potential chemosensor that requires development for the detection of metal ions.

The synthesized 3,3-di(indoloyl)indolin-2-ones 1a - p showed desired higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and lower α-amylase inhibitory activities than standard drug acarbose. Particularly, compound 1i showed favourable higher α-glucosidase % inhibition of 67±13 and lower α-amylase % inhibition of 51±4 in comparison to acarbose with % inhibition activities of 19±5 and 90±2, respectively. Docking studies of selected 3,3-di(indoloyl)indolin-2-ones revealed key interactions with the active sites of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, further supporting the observed % inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the binding energies are consistent with the % inhibition values. The results suggest that 3,3-di(indoloyl)indolin-2-ones may be developed as suitable Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs) and the lower a-amylase activities should be advantageous to reduce the side effects exhibited by commercial AGIS.

Hemiterpene 1-bromo-2-methyl-2-butene (prenyl bromide) is widely used as a prenyl source for various organic synthesis. One of them is the development of synthetic fragrances for the perfume industry which is growing rapidly for daily consumption. Based on our literature study, most fragrances contain terpenes. There are two common groups of terpenes used as fragrances such as oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Interestingly, hemiterpenes are potential but it is hard to isolate them from natural plant products. This research aims to synthesis hemiterpene derivatives with a very simple method. The synthesis method was conducted in two steps. The first step was prepared by acid-base reaction, followed by nucleophilic substitution of prenyl bromide. Furthermore, the hemiterpene derivative structures were confirmed by NMR and mass spectroscopy. For the result, three hemiterpene derivatives have been successfully synthesized and obtained in good yields namely prenyl cinnamate (1), prenyl methylbutyrate (2), and prenyl isobutyrate (3).

The synthesis of indolin-2-one derivatives and in vitro anticancer activity on colon cancer were reported in the present study. The compounds contain a fluorine or a bromine in position 5, and a bromine in position 7. The results established that indolin-2-one with bromine in position 5 gave up to a 4-fold improved cytotoxicity over indolin-2-one with fluorine in position 5. The indolein-2-one with bromine in posititon 5 also exerted higher cytotoxicity compared to bromine in position 7. This work highlights the importance of halogen and their position in cytotoxicity.

Indonesia has the world’s largest Syzygium aromaticum plant area. Leaves and buds of this plant are distilled to yield clove essential oil. Separation of eugenol from clove oil and its transformation to various derivatives have been carried to increase added value of these oil. This paper reports transformation of eugenol to vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and three new fragrances.

A simple trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf)-promoted intermolecular cascade reaction of aromatic diazo ketones with olefins has been developed. This method directly gave 3-phenylethylideneoxindoles from 3-diazooxindoles and styrenes with exclusive regioselectivity, chemoselectivity, and E-stereoselectivity. The key to the success of the reaction and higher yields is the elegant use of TMSOTf, which gradually released the active triflic acid promoter in situ. The reaction tolerates a wide substrate scope of 3-diazooxindoles and styrenes with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups and works well on the gram scale. Nanyang Technological University We thank the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (grant #RG 13/18), Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia (World Class Professor Program) and the United Arab Emirates University (grant #852) for financial support.

ZSM-5-TiO2 composites are usually used as adsorbents as well as photocatalyst in waste treatment. However, these composites are less effective insoluble waste treatment, so it needs to modify by adding organic substances that can react with the waste. In this study, Octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) was added to the surface of the ZSM-5-TiO2 composite. The effect of addition OTMS on morphology ZSM-5-TiO2 composite was studied. ZSM-5-TiO2-OTMS composite was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX). ZSM-5-TiO2-OTMS shows a carbon-related peak at 2900 and 1470 cm−1 that can be ascribed as C-H stretching and C-O stretching vibration respectively from FTIR spectra. ZSM-5-TiO2-OTMS composite retains the hexagonal shape surrounded by round-shaped. The addition of OTMS affects the morphology of the ZSM-5-TiO2 composite. The more OTMS is added, the morphology of the ZSM-5-TiO2-OTMS composite to be more irregular than composite ZSM-5-TiO2. It also affects the amount of carbon content that is distributed on the surface of the ZSM-5-TiO2 composite. This provides information material that can be used in synthesize catalysts in the insoluble waste treatment.

Background: Medicinal plants derived natural product such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes. The traditional uses claim that medicinal plants of NTT are potential folk medicine but very little research has been conducted on these plants. Objective: The present study is directed towards evaluating naturally effective antioxidant of twenty-four traditional medicinal plants collected from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) using in vitro models. Method: The antioxidant activities were determined by using the free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2”-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. Statistical methods are used in data analysis include mean or standard deviation, and regression analysis. Result: Methanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida R. Br. root exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 3.11μg/mL, followed by Schleichera oleosa and Euphorbia hirta L. extracts with IC50 values of 10.05 and 10.09 μg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract of S. quadrifida also showed highest ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 7.29 μg/mL, followed by Eugenia jambolana Lam. and Lamea grandus with IC50 value of 9.15 and 12.29 μg/mL, respectively. S. quadrifida extract showed high flavonoid and phenolic content with 661.85 mg of GAE and 116.84 mg of QE per 100 g of extracts. Conclusion: The present study gives scientific evidences that twenty four samples of NTT plants have high free radical scavenging capacity. Strong radical scavenging activity of these plants especially S. quadrifida could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

This study examined the synthesis of isoniazid-isatin hydrazone derivatives 5-7, followed by an investigation on the in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and molecular docking. A yield of 81 - 92 % of these compounds was achieved, with structural characterization by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR, HRMS). The in vitro antitubercular activity was evaluated against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and the highest effect was observed in compound 7, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.017 mM, lower than rifampicin (MIC 0.048 mM), which served as the positive control. In addition, the molecular docking of 5-7 was performed to visualize the interaction of isoniazid-isatin hydrazone derivatives with the active site of InhA receptor, which was in agreement with the experimental data. The hydrogen bonding with Ser94 and pi-pi interaction with Phe41 and/or Phe97 on the InhA active site was pivotal for the antitubercular activity. HIGHLIGHTS Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the top ten leading causes of death globally The first and second lines of antituberculosis drugs are the prevalent treatment for this disease, but they show several drawbacks and are exacerbated by the occurrence of drug resistance The isoniazid-isatin hydrazone derivatives were designed through molecular hybridization and synthesized effectively and exhibited moderate to high activity against tuberculosis H37Rv Molecular docking study demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding with Ser94 and the pi-pi interaction with Phe41 and/or Phe97 are important for antitubercular activity GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The people of Pahandut Seberang Village have long lived on the Kahayan Riverside area. The characteristics of the settlements in Pahandut Seberang Village are floating houses and pillar houses, most of which are located above the water. The river is used for water transportation, fishing, fulfilling daily needs such as bathing, washing, and as a source of drinking water. The Kahayan River problem is also a place for disposal of waste from human activities such as household waste. Human waste is dumped directly into water bodies because the toilets of the pillar houses on the riverside do not have septic tank facilities. To solve the priority problems of Partners, a solution to assist the manufacture and installation of Repeated Processing Septic tank (RPS) Technology for pillar houses in Pahandut Seberang Village is needed. The goal is to provide sanitation problem solving for settlement in Pahandut Seberang Village through training on the construction and installation of RPS. The methods used qualitatively include: (a) Finding concrete problems and priorities: the existence of a toilet on pillar house without a septic tank; (b) Offering ideas, making RPS to settlement who are located on pillar houses on the riverside; (c) Making activity plans and work procedures, and d ) Inviting Partner participation by providing training (creating and installing RPS). A special target has been achieved by giving a pilot RPS to settlement of Pahandut Seberang Village, by facilitating a house on stilts with the RPS. Outputs in the form of RPS goods and products and their specifications.

Patchouli is used as an incense material and essential oil. The characteristic odor of patchouli leaves results from the drying process used in their production; however, there have to date been no reports on the changes in the odor of patchouli leaves during the drying process. We investigated the aroma profile of dried patchouli leaves using the hexane extracts of fresh and dried patchouli leaves. We focused on the presence or absence of the constituents of the fresh and dried extracts, and the differences in the content of the common constituents. Fourteen constituents were identified as characteristic of dried patchouli extract odor by gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis. The structures of seven of the 14 constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (α-patchoulene, seychellene, humulene, α-bulnesene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, caryophyllene oxide, and patchouli alcohol). The aroma profile of the essential oil obtained from the dried patchouli leaves was clearly different from that of dried patchouli. The aroma profile of the essential oil was investigated by a similar method. We identified 12 compounds as important odor constituents. The structures of nine of the 12 constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (cis-thujopsene, caryophyllene, α-guaiene, α-patchoulene, seychellene, α-bulnesene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, patchouli alcohol, and corymbolone). Comparing the odors and constituents demonstrated that the aroma profile of patchouli depends on the manufacturing process.

Over the past few decades, complementary medicine therapy using medicinal plants have been developed in healthcare. Phytochemical studies about medicinal plants have been conducted to verify their potency as medicinal remedies in modern therapeutics. Dipterocarpus littoralis commonly known as Meranti Jawa in Indonesia is traditionally used to treat diseases such as diarrhea, diabetic and malaria. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from D. littoralis using bioguided fractionation method. The bioactivity measured were antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiplasmodial activity. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase assays were applied to estimate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of D. littoralis. The antioxidant activities were determined by using the free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2″-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test of methanol extract of D. littoralis was also conducted against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of D. littoralis resulted in an oligostilbenes namely α-viniferin (1). The structure of the α-viniferin was characterized by comprehensive spectral analysis including IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and in comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 showed an alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 256.17 and 212.79 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 at a concentration of 100 μg/mL revealed a strong antiplasmodial inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 2.76 μg/mL. Our findings indicated that α-viniferin (1) which is isolated from D. littoralis extract could be regarded as potential antidiabetic and antiplasmodial resources in the future., Natural product chemistry, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Alpha-viniferin, D. littoralis, Alpha-glucosidase, Alpha-amylase, DPPH, ABTS, Antiplasmodial.

Authors. 2019. The activity phagocytosis of isoeugenol-ester compound on Mus musculus macrophage cell. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 117-122. Chemotherapy is drugs therapy for cancer. However, chemotherapy could damage normal cells and decrease immune system. For this reason, it is necessary to find immunostimulant compound that is able to increase immune system. Isoeugenol-ester is unnatural compound that has been tested for its cytotoxicity against cancer cell and showed positive result. Nevertheless, ability of Isoeugenol-ester for inducing phagocytosis is still unknown. Therefore, bioassays study using in vitro phagocytosis were performed. Latex beads methods using antigen model in 5 isoeugenol-ester concentration series: 6, 25; 12, 5; 25; 50 and 100 μg/mL were tested to Mus musculus peritoneal macrophage cell. The optimum concentration of Isoeugenol-ester compounds in inducing phagocytosis activity of M. musculus macrophage cell was 12.5 μg/mL.

Sirosis merupakan tahap akhir dari berbagai penyakit hati kronis. Penyebab tersering adalah infeksi virus hepatitis B, virus hepatitis C dan alkohol. Sirosis hati dengan komplikasinya merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih sulit diatasi. Hal ini ditandai dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan komplikasi apa saja yang didapatkan pada pasien sirosis hati yang dirawat di RSUD Koja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian observasional deskriptif, dengan mengambil pasien rawat inap Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja selama Juli–November 2017. Didapatkan sebanyak 63 pasien yang terdiri dari 41 orang (65,1%) laki-laki dan 22 orang (34,9%) perempuan, usia 20-40 tahun sebanyak 11 orang (17,5%) , usia 40 -60 tahun 46 orang (73%), dan usia lebih dari 60 tahun 6 orang (9,5%). Keluhan utama terbanyak adalah perut membesar (40%). Stigmata sirosis terbanyak adalah ikterus (51%), dan komplikasi terbanyak adalah asites, pada 55 orang (87,3%). Hal ini memberikan kesan penting sekali melakukan evaluasi pada pasien dengan penyakit hati kronis khususnya hepatitis B mengenai kemungkinan sirosis hati. Kata kunci: Sirosis hati, gender, usia, komplikasi

Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) adalah suatu proses patofisiologi dengan etiologi yang beragam, mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif, dan pada umumnya berakhir dengan gagal ginjal. Penyakit ginjal kronik merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya proporsi dan jenis komplikasi pasien PGK di Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional, dengan mengambil sampel secara consecutive sampling pada unit rawat jalan dan rawat inap Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja selama Juli – November 2017. Didapatkan 261 subyek, 149 (57,09%) laki-laki dan 112 (42,91%) perempuan, dengan rentang usia antara 18–72 tahun, dengan jumlah terbanyak pada kelompok usia 45-65 tahun (62,45%),stadium PGK terbanyak adalah stadium V (62,.07%), sebanyak 74,33% memiliki komplikasi, terbanyak adalah ensefalopati uremik 94,64%, anemia 88,7% dan volume overload 88,1%. Di bagian rawat jalan dan Rawat Inap Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja periode Juli–November 2017 s ebanyak 74,33% dari pasien PGK memiliki komplikasi, komplikasi terbanyak adalah ensefalopati uremik (94,64%) diikuti oleh anemia 88,7% dan volume overload 88,1%. Kata Kunci : komplikasi, penyakit ginjal kronik, ensefalopati uremik

The sustainability development is current issue in Indonesia. This research related to sustainability development that is focuses on how survival of urban people. Most of settlement in urban area occupied by urban people with location close to the river. River is a main living orientation of urban settlement for transportation, and daily needed. The riverside area is a first settlement of people before a city grow rapidly with million houses. It proved that urban settlement give many contribution in a city development. The objective of this research is to identify how urban people survival to contribute for city development. The location of research is old Kampung namely Kampung Pahandut closed to Kahayan riverside area, Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Research method used qualitative method based on three phase: preparation, field observation, post field observation. The output of research is a descriptive analysis by key person interview of urban people living in Kampung Pahandut. Three aspects have been analysed by physical, economic, and social aspects of urban people survival in Kampung Pahandut, Palangkaraya City. The research found that urban people can stable living in urban settlement of city center due to three aspects (physical, economic, and social aspects).

Fuel system modification techniques to improve engine efficiency could be the way to slow down the energy crisis caused by the lack of new fuel inventions. The Compression Ignition (CI) diesel engine is one of the most preferred engines for both in-land and marine transportation motors. The advantages of compact dimensions and large generated power make CI diesel engine superior to other engine types. The large number of single CI diesel engines use in small fishing vessel engines and agricultural machinery will contribute substantially to fuel consumption in a cumulative manner. Previous researchs on the modification of fuel system with bi-fuel system High Speed Diesel (HSD)oil – Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) system capable of reducing Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) up to 24% and exhaust gas opacity up to 68%. Subsequent studies focused on engines with single fuel HSD oil but were injected with superheated steam in 1 atm (abs) 130 0C by utilizing Heat Recovery Generating System (HRSG) using heat of exhaust gas for a flowrate of 1.5-4.5 kg/hour. It is capable of delivering the performance improvement of Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), which is reduced by 8.92% compared to diesel engines without steam injection. Recent research combines the above two modification methods so that diesel will adopt two types of fuel- oil-LPG with additional superheated steam injection resulting from exhaust gas heat cogeneration system. Experimental results of the diesel engine with LPG injection maintained at 0.4 kg/h and 3.5 kg/h superheated steam with an engine variation loading of 0.3-0.7 kWh provide an average AFR of 30.09 and SFC improvement up to 37.2% lower than SFC engine standard with a single fuel HSD oil.

This work has been done experimentally to the Savonius water current turbine by means of Myring equation for n =1. The myring for n=2 is called the conventional turbine with half circle or bucket. Experiment is tested in flume tank by 1.1 m of wide and 0.8 m of height. The free stream velocity is 0.22 m/s measured at 1.5 m from nozzle. The model is the Myring equation with n=1 by 0.4 m of height and 0.4 m of turbine diameter. The experimental study has investigated the torque coefficient and the power coefficient. The power coefficient has been called the performance coefficient. The experimental results shows that the Myring formula n = 1 have the performance coefficient higher than the conventional blade. The myring blade for n = 1 increases in about 42.88 % compared to the conventional blade.

A composite membrane was fabricated from biopolymer chitosan and montmorillonite (MMT) filler as an alternative membrane electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application. To first improve the organic–inorganic interfacial morphology, the pristine MMT was pre-treated using 3-glicidoxy propyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) surface modifier to produce organophilic MMT (O-MMT). The GPTMS modified MMT was mixed with chitosan in acetic acid solution and cast into membranes. SEM images and FTIR analysis showed that the O-MMT was successfully incorporated into the chitosan polymer matrix. Water and methanol uptake of the Ch/O-MMT composite membranes decreased with increasing O-MMT loadings, but the ion exchange capacity (IEC) value increased. The Ch/O-MMT with 5 wt% O-MMT loading exhibited the best methanol permeability and proton conductivity characteristics among the other Ch/O-MMT membranes, which were 3.03 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 and 4.66 mS cm−1, respectively. All the results obtained from this study can be used to conclude that the chitosan membrane with O-MMT filler is a promising high performance PEM candidate for DMFC application.

A hierarchical zeolite ZSM-5 with micro and meso-pore was prepared by optimising the most affecting parameter in sequence of desilication and dealumination. The physicochemical properties of zeolite were characterised with XRD, nitrogen adsorption&ndash, desorption, FTIR and SEM. The potential of this zeolite for decolorisation of CR, RY, MB, RhB, DB-1 and DB-14 was evaluated with adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics, kinetics, and influencing parameter for adsorption. The unique modification of ZSM-5 resulted in lower crystallinity, easier porosity control, rich terminal silanol and unbridged silanol groups which assisted in higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the optimum ZSM-5 was 323, 435, 589, 625, 61 and 244 mg/g for CR, RY, MB, RhB, DB-1 and DB-14, respectively. The dye adsorption progressed through pseudo-first-order kinetic and close to the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism is proposed mainly through interaction between deprotonated silanol site and the electron-rich dye site.

The research location is located in the village of Pahandut Seberang as a new village developed by Pahandut Village. Pahandut Seberang Village has vacant land in the form of forests and swamps that have not yet been developed as one of the potential development areas. Identification of a new green open space potential area is using figure ground analysis and history of place analysis. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of the green open space and the development of urban forest tourism. The potential location is expected Pahandut Seberang Village, District of Pahandut, City of Palangka Raya. This location is closed to the Kahayan riverside area as a pilot project to environmental management and sustainability area in the future. The method uses qualitative methods through observation, surveys and interviews. Physical analysis is to identify green open space area in Pahandut Seberang Village using field observations such as: (1) land use development, (2) green open space area, and (3) built up area. Non-physical analysis is using of indepth interview from Pahandut Seberang community as a part of real participation to maintain the green open space and forest area in the future.

Over the past few decades, complementary medicine therapy using medicinal plants have been developed in healthcare. Phytochemical studies about medicinal plants have been conducted to verify their potency as medicinal remedies in modern therapeutics. Dipterocarpus littoralis commonly known as Meranti Jawa in Indonesia is traditionally used to treat diseases such as diarrhea, diabetic and malaria. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from D. littoralis using bioguided fractionation method. The bioactivity measured were antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiplasmodial activity. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase assays were applied to estimate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of D. littoralis. The antioxidant activities were determined by using the free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2″-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test of methanol extract of D. littoralis was also conducted against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of D. littoralis resulted in an oligostilbenes namely α-viniferin (1). The structure of the α-viniferin was characterized by comprehensive spectral analysis including IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and in comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 showed an alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 256.17 and 212.79 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 at a concentration of 100 μg/mL revealed a strong antiplasmodial inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 2.76 μg/mL. Our findings indicated that α-viniferin (1) which is isolated from D. littoralis extract could be regarded as potential antidiabetic and antiplasmodial resources in the future.

One of the most lethal and frequent infectious diseases worldwide is tuberculosis. Multi and extensively tuberculosis drug-resistant constitutes a serious problem and emphasizes the need for novel anti-tubercular agents. Accordingly, various pyrazine-2-carboxamides were synthesized and evaluated as potential anti-tuberculosis agents. The synthesis involved reaction of pyrazinoic acids with thionyl chloride to yield acyl chlorides which on treatment with various anilines gave various pyrazine-2-carboxamides. Based on structure-activity relationships extracted from previously published, this paper reported the synthesis and molecular docking study of 6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamides. Synthesis involved reaction of 6-chloropyrazinoic acid with 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride instead of thionyl chloride which listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention as it may use for the production of chemical weapons. Structure identification of 6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamides was carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. It is predicted that 6-chloro-N-octylpyrazine-2-carboxamide has better bioactivity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, based on molecular docking study.

The pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives 1a-c with aromatic, cyclic, and aliphatic side chain were successfully synthesized. The structures of derivatives were confirmed by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR, HRMS). The molecular docking was performed to determine the possible binding interaction between 1a-c with Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA protein. The derivative 1c showed the lowest rerank score (-86.4047 kcal mol−1) and it might correspond to the lowest experimental MIC value.

The flow visualization of vertical axis Savonius current turbine has been investigated numerically by using Myring formula n of 1. Computational Fluid Dynamics or CFD approach has been carried out by using Gambit for geometry and ANSYS 17.0 running to solve the incompressible U-RANS. This work has been done by comparing the performance between Myring and conventional Savonius. The y+ in the first layer of blade surface has been made between 30 and 100 with y+ in about 52. The turbulence model will be chosen the Realizable k-epsilon (RKE) for this turbine case. The numerical obtain the torque and power coefficient and the power coefficient called the turbine performance. The numerical simulation has been validated by experimental results towards torque coefficient. The results have indicated that the Myring formula n = 1 have the best performance compared this one by decreasing the pressure in attached flow area.