13 results on '"María A. Ponce de León"'
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2. Religious and Spiritual Practices: Association with Dispositional Optimism in an Underprivileged Population in Lascano, Uruguay
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Gonzalo Arrieta, María Mercedes Ponce de León, Alejandro Cid, and Charles E. Stokes
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Optimism ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Latin Americans ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public health ,Population ,Religious studies ,Developing country ,Context (language use) ,General Medicine ,Vulnerable Populations ,Spirituality ,Happiness ,medicine ,Humans ,Uruguay ,Psychology ,education ,Social psychology ,General Nursing ,Personality ,media_common - Abstract
Optimism seems to foster the ability to manage adverse situations better-a finding especially relevant for disadvantaged populations. Employing a unique sample from a small underprivileged village, we studied the association between religious/spiritual practices and dispositional optimism. The village belongs to a developing country that is, by far, the most secular country in Latin America; this makes it particularly interesting for exploring the role of religious/spiritual practices in this context. We found that these practices were positively associated with higher optimism, measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R): those who practice spirituality, score, on average, 14.4 percentage points higher on the LOT-R than those who did not. This association seems to be especially robust in the case of the poor and less educated: those with religious/spiritual practices score 20 percentage points higher on the LOT-R. Thus, the role that these practices may play in dispositional optimism in disadvantaged populations deserves more attention.
- Published
- 2021
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3. Fundamentos de ortopedia y traumatología
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Francisco Javier Aguilar Sierra, Pablo Arbeláez Echeverri, Ángel Tercero Barreto Castilla, Ignacio Briceño Sanín, David Santiago Calvo Carvajal, Nazly Tatiana Carrillo Villamizar, Francisco Javier Castro Guzmán, Pablo José Coronel, Sebastián Enrique Cuello Godín, José Luis Duplat Lapides, Rashid Emilio Fajury Arana, Hernando Gaitán Lee, Leonardo Garavito Goubert, Luis Alejandro García González, Bárbara Gómez Eslava, Amparo Gómez Gélvez, Raúl Ernesto González Chávez, Leyla Susana Guío Pérez, Daniela Gutiérrez Zúñiga, Laura Carolina Hernández Castro, Frank Mario Herrera Méndez, Jaime Andrés Leal Camacho, Efraín Leal García, Francisco Bernardo Linares Restrepo, Diana Carolina López Hoyos, Jaime Benjamín Mariño Valero, Helbert Martin Viracachá, Alejandro Mejía Grueso, Carlos Segundo Montero Silva, Natalia Olmos Muskus, Santiago Peña Restre, Andrés Alberto Pinzón Rendón, María Catalina Ponce de León Samper, Liza María Posada Murillas, Tatiana Quiñonez Yepes, Jaime Robledo Quijano, Julián Leonardo Saíz Guzmán, Carlos Alberto Sánchez Correa, Willy Paul Stangl Correa, Luis José María Suárez Jiménez, Juan Carlos Taborda Aitken, Luis Fernando Useche Gómez, and Felipe José Valbuena Bernal
- Abstract
Fundamentos de ortopedia y traumatología nace en el seno del Departamento de Ortopedia de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, gracias a la iniciativa de una estudiante de octavo semestre de Medicina. Su interés fue recuperar el texto como aliado fundamental de las dinámicas estudiantiles en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la educación superior y, de esta manera, que aquel sirva como herramienta de consulta para los estudiantes de Medicina, los médicos generales, los ortopedistas en formación, los terapeutas y otros profesionales de la salud que requieran acercarse a esta especialidad.
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- 2022
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4. Nitrous oxide emissions from manured, no-till corn systems
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Curtis J. Dell, María A. Ponce de León, and Heather D. Karsten
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Crop residue ,Green manure ,No-till farming ,Denitrification ,Agronomy ,Soil Science ,Sowing ,Environmental science ,Crop rotation ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Manure ,Legume - Abstract
Using dairy manure and legumes in crop rotations can reduce inorganic N inputs for corn (Zea mays L.), yet these practices can also contribute to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In two crop rotations we investigated how different (i) organic and inorganic N amendments and (ii) prior legume crops with broadcast manure influenced direct N2O emissions from silt-loam soils planted to no-till corn. We measured N2O fluxes from April to December for two years using closed vented chambers from soils planted to corn with no spring residue to compare inorganic N fertilizer (S-UAN) and two liquid dairy manure application methods: surface broadcasted (S-BM) and injected (S-IM). Emissions were also measured to compare the effect of crop residue of perennial forages, a green manure legume, or soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) from soils all amended with liquid dairy manure. Nitrous oxide emissions were greatest during the 15–45 days after manure was injected compared to broadcasting, and cumulative N2O emissions were larger from S-IM (2.8–2.5 kg ha−1) than S-BM (1.4–0.7 kg ha−1) and S-UAN (0.3 kg ha−1). Cumulative and yield-scaled N2O emissions did not differ among the prior legume treatments. A ranking approach based on random forests, identified the most important variable contributing to N2O emissions in both comparisons as corn growing degree days, indicative of the asynchrony of spring legume termination and manure application with corn planting and N use; and changing environmental conditions for N mineralization and denitrification.
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- 2021
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5. Evaluating the use of Beer's law for estimating light interception in canopy architectures with varying heterogeneity and anisotropy
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Brian N. Bailey and María A. Ponce de León
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0106 biological sciences ,Canopy ,Light interception ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ecological Modeling ,Homogeneity (statistics) ,Isotropy ,Heterogeneous canopies ,Leaf angle distribution ,Vegetation ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Geophysics ,Azimuth ,Row orientation ,Law ,Range (statistics) ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Interception ,Anisotropy ,Beer's law ,Mathematics - Abstract
Light interception in plant canopies is most commonly estimated using a simple one-dimensional turbid medium model (i.e., Beer's law). Inherent in this class of models are assumptions that vegetation is uniformly distributed in space (homogeneous) and in many cases that vegetation orientation is uniformly distributed (isotropic). It is known that these assumptions are violated in a wide range of canopies, as real canopies commonly have heterogeneity at multiple scales and almost always have highly anisotropic leaf angle distributions. However, it is not quantitatively known under what conditions these assumptions become problematic given the difficulty of robustly evaluating model results for a range of canopy architectures. In this study, assumptions of vegetation homogeneity and isotropy were evaluated under clear sky conditions for a range of virtually-generated crop canopies with the aid of a detailed three-dimensional, leaf-resolving radiation model. Results showed that Beer's law consistently over predicted light interception for all canopy configurations. For canopies where the plant spacing was comparable to the plant height, Beer's law performed poorly, and over predicted daily intercepted sunlight by up to ∼115%. For vegetation with a highly anisotropic leaf inclination distribution but a relatively isotropic leaf azimuth distribution, the assumption of canopy isotropy (i.e., G = 0.5) resulted in relatively small errors. However, if leaf elevation and azimuth were both highly anisotropic, the assumption of canopy isotropy could introduce significant errors depending on the orientation of the azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the sun's path.
- Published
- 2019
6. INDICADORES CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS MATERNO-FETALES DE ATONÍA UTERINA EN PUÉRPERAS POST CESÁREA PRIMARIA EN UNA CLÍNICA PRIVADA DE AGOSTO 2017 – AGOSTO 2018
- Author
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María Y. Ponce de León Galarza
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Polyhydramnios ,Polihidramnios ,Macrosomía fetal ,Uterine Hemorrhage ,General Medicine ,Uterine Inertia ,Hemorragia uterina ,Inercia uterina ,Fetal Macrosomia - Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre indicadores clínico - epidemiológicos materno - fetales y la presencia de atonía uterina en puérperas post cesárea primaria en la clínica privada durante el período de Agosto 2017 - Agosto 2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y cuantitativo, tipo casos y controles. La variable dependiente fue la atonía uterina, y las variables independientes fueron edad materna, gestación múltiple, polihidramnios, gestación, paridad, anemia materna, enfermedades concomitantes, peso fetal, presentación fetal e indicación de cesárea. La población estuvo conformada por 106 casos y 212 controles (ratio 2:1). Para la estadística inferencial se utilizó el análisis bivariado para hallar los Odds Ratio, intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se consideró a los valores p
- Published
- 2019
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7. A 3D model for simulating spatial and temporal fluctuations in grape berry temperature
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María A. Ponce de León and Brian N. Bailey
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0106 biological sciences ,Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Work (thermodynamics) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Forestry ,Trellis (architecture) ,Replicate ,Berry ,Thermal energy storage ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Wine grape ,Field (geography) ,Environmental science ,Grape berry ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Recent shifts in climatic patterns have influenced the frequency, timing, and severity of heat waves in many wine grape growing regions, which has introduced challenges for viticulturists. Growing the same varieties under these altered climatic conditions often requires mitigation strategies, but quantitative, generalized understanding of the impacts of such strategies can be difficult or time consuming to determine through field trials. This work developed and validated a detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of grape berry temperature that could fully resolve spatial and temporal heterogeneity in berry temperature, and ultimately predict the impacts of potential high berry temperature mitigation strategies such as the use of alternative trellis systems. A novel experimental data set was generated in which the temperature of exposed grape berry clusters was measured with thermocouples at four field sites with different trellis systems, topography, and climate. Experimental measurements indicated that the temperature of shaded berries closely followed the ambient air temperature, but intermittent periods of direct solar radiation could generate berry temperatures in excess of 10 ∘ C above ambient. Validation results indicated that by accurately representing the 3D vine structure, the model was able to closely replicate rapid spatial and temporal fluctuations in berry temperature. Including berry heat storage in the model reduced the errors by dampening extreme temporal swings in berry temperature.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Usos, integración curricular y adopción tecnológica de la informática educativa en las prácticas pedagógicas de docentes de La Araucanía, Chile
- Author
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Raúl Viñuela Aller, Juan Alberto Sanhueza Vidal, Katherine Daniela Cifuentes Zapata, and María Paulina Ponce de León Valenzuela
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Informática educativa, integración curricular de las TIC, proyecto Enlaces, adopción tecnológica, prácticas pedagógicas ,General Medicine ,lcsh:L7-991 ,lcsh:Education (General) - Abstract
La inserción de la informática y las redes en el sistema educacional chileno se inició en 1990, y fue la Universidad de La Frontera el centro universitario nuclear a partir desde el cual el Proyecto Enlaces se expandió al resto del territorio nacional, pues si Enlaces fructificaba en la región con los mayores índices de pobreza, ruralidad y bajos rendimientos escolares a nivel nacional, entonces esta iniciativa gubernamental sería exitosa. A más de una década de instalado el proyecto en la región de La Araucanía, la presente investigación evaluó el uso, la integración curricular y los niveles de adopción tecnológica de la informática en las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 200 Coordinadores de Enlaces; 100 pertenecientes a establecimientos urbanos y 100 a rurales. Los objetivos de la investigación e instrumentos fueron elaborados en conjunto con el Coordinador Regional de Enlaces de La Araucanía, de tal forma la Secretaría Regional de Educación pudo recoger información descriptiva que le permitiese planificar sus acciones hacia la sustentabilidad e integración curricular de las TIC en los establecimientos subvencionados de la región con miras al bicentenario nacional. Para tales efectos, los cuestionarios fueron aplicados a los sujetos de la muestra por técnicos del Proyecto Enlaces, a quienes se capacitó técnicamente para su correcta aplicación.Entre los principales resultados, se pudo concluir que si bien los docentes están utilizando la informática educativa para la gestión pedagógica del aula elaborando documentos, presentaciones, usando software educativo y buscando recursos didácticos en Internet para su posterior trabajo a nivel local, la integración curricular aún es un proceso que no se ha logrado a cabalidad en la región, debido a que los profesores se encuentran en el nivel de adopción, en el caso de los establecimientos urbanos, y de adaptación en los rurales, en cuanto a las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) dentro de sus prácticas pedagógicas. Finalmente, es importante precisar que la diferencia en el nivel de adopción tecnológica entre los profesores urbanos y rurales es factor que en gran medida determina la integración curricular de las TIC, pues pone de manifiesto el fracaso del modelo de capacitación que Chile desarrolló para los docentes urbanos desde los inicios de Enlaces, estableciendo un desafío mayor al Ministerio y a las universidades en el mejoramiento de sus procesos de formación inicial docente y en las capacitaciones en TIC que se planifiquen para los profesores del sistema escolar
- Published
- 2009
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9. [Modifications to the faculty of medicine core curriculum at the National University of Mexico: adjusting the basic sciences program]
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María Eugenia, Ponce de León Castañeda and Margarita, Varela Ruiz
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Consensus ,Education, Medical ,Science ,Curriculum ,Program Development ,Mexico ,Biological Science Disciplines ,Schools, Medical - Abstract
In order to identify the core curriculum of each course from the faculty of medicine’s study plan at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 22 workshops were organized. A total of 505 professors of 22 different subjects participated to identify the core content of each course: to define essential and necessary contents; to relate each objective´s course with some of the eight established competences; and to apply an individual questionnaire where the professor suggests strategies for the vertical and horizontal integration among similar courses. At the end of these workshops, several meetings were carried out to incorporate the work done in order to design an integrated and modified program with the essential and necessary knowledge, eliminating the obsolete one. We also managed to integrate two courses in both horizontal and vertical ways to avoid repetition of topics.Twenty-two courses were reviewed, from which two of them were horizontally and vertically integrated. The content of six courses was modified and one course was divided into three programs. This resulted in the achievement of our goal: to have an academic program with essential and necessary contents that integrates the essential core curriculum, which in turn leads to the achievement of the intermediate and final competences.
- Published
- 2011
10. La técnica de grupos focales en la definición del perfil profesional del médico cirujano
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María Eugenia Ponce de León, Alicia Hamui Sutton, Juan García Moreno, and Margarita Varela Ruiz
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Theory method ,Medical education ,Social work ,business.industry ,General physician ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Context (language use) ,Testimonial ,Medical training ,Medicine ,Family Practice ,business ,Study plan ,Social psychology ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Objetivo: definir el perfil profesional del egresado de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (fm-unam) en el contexto actual de las necesidades de la población mexicana y de las competencias teóricas, prácticas y actitudinales del futuro médico. Diseño: a través de la metodología cualitativa de grupos focales se identifican las competencias del médico general, la estructura del plan de estudios, la operacionalización de éste y el currículum oculto. Los grupos se definieron con los siguientes criterios: en formación; de formadores; clínicos en ejercicio; pacientes. Material y métodos: se convocaron nueve grupos, dos de médicos generales, tres de estudiantes (en servicio social o recién egresados), dos de profesores y dos de pacientes. Se diseñaron cuatro guías con los mismos cuestionamientos adecuados a cada grupo. Las entrevistas grupales fueron grabadas y transcritas. Para el análisis del discurso se definieron categorías básicas, las cuales fueron ajustadas conforme se revisaron los testimonios, según el método de la teoría fundamentada. Una vez identificadas las categorías se procedió a “triangular” el objetivo, los documentos, estudios previos y los testimonios clasificados. Resultados y conclusiones: después de que la información se integró, se construyó el nuevo perfil profesional del médico general. La técnica de grupos focales resultó una herramienta valiosa para enriquecer y actualizar aspectos de la formación médica.
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- 2011
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11. [New tendencies in teaching medicine. Learning strategy in medicine]
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María Eugenia, Ponce-De León, Margarita, Varela-Ruiz, Yolanda, Marín-Campos, Alberto, Lifschitz, Melchor, Sánchez-Mendiola, and Carlos, Campillo
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Evidence-Based Medicine ,Education, Medical ,Teaching ,Clinical Competence ,Medical Informatics - Published
- 2004
12. [Comparative study of the application of a diagnostic test in postgraduate education, using 2 formats: computerized and printed]
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María Eugenia, Ponce de León, Armando, Ortiz-Montalvo, and María del Carmen, Ruíz-Alcocer
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Computers ,Education, Medical, Graduate ,Humans ,Printing ,Educational Measurement - Abstract
A diagnostic test was applied at the National Autonomous University of Mexico School of Medicine using a two-part format with 42 clinical cases and 210 multiple-choice items. Residents were randomized into two groups: group A (printed test) and group B (computerized test). Academic performance was measured by determination of media, standard deviation, and correct-answer score; the exam was measured by reliability, difficulty index, and discrimination index and question/item assessment were calculated for item analysis. Residents answered a survey questionnaire and time taken to answer was controlled. Results showed that the printed test had higher achievement; there was better reliability for computerized format, and resident opinion was more favorable toward computer use. The two parts of the test were analyzed and results were produced for the first part of the test; in part two, results were very similar. We conclude that lack of experience in computer use could be a determining factor in our results.
- Published
- 2003
13. Condiciones de trabajo de los médicos pasantes mexicanos durante el servicio social
- Author
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Isela Valverde Luna, Arturo Díaz Villanueva, María Eugenia Ponce de León, Margarita Varela Ruiz, Jesús Reynaga Obregón, Alicia Hamui Sutton, and Omar Fernando Ramírez de la Roche
- Subjects
Médicos ,Personal de salud ,Trabajo ,Educación ,Servicio social ,Padres de familia ,Education - Abstract
Este artículo tiene el propósito de dar a conocer cómo un grupo de pasantes de la carrera de Medicina percibió las condiciones de trabajo en las que se desarrolló el servicio social en 2009. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio a partir de una investigación en línea aplicada a 814 pasantes; se eligió una muestra de 262 y se seleccionaron 52 de las 202 preguntas que se referían a las condiciones de trabajo. Entre los resultados obtenidos está que los pasantes, al ser becarios, no fueron estrictos trabajadores de las instituciones de salud, pero laboraron asumiendo todas las obligaciones y responsabilidades de médico general, aunque en condiciones laborales precarias.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
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