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OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) injections to restore the lost interproximal papilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane electronic databases with no time restriction up to September 2021. Any clinical study evaluating HA injection into the interproximal papilla loss Class I and II according to Norland & Tarnow, were included based on the following PICO questions (1) Are HA injections effective for the reconstruction of the interproximal papilla loss? (2) What are the side/adverse effects of using HA for the reconstruction of interproximal papilla loss? The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's the Newcastle Ottawa and Joanna Briggs institute tools. RESULTS A total of 1497 titles were retrieved. From these, eleven were included and underwent full data extraction. However, due to heterogeneity in the data among the included articles, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Three articles reported no-differences in term of papilla tip to contact point distance or the papilla fill reduction. Finally, five studies showed a reduction in the black triangle with a percentage range between 19 and 47%. CONCLUSION The non-surgical use of HA injection seems to have a positive effect on the re-establishment of interproximal papilla lost. However post-operative complications might develop.

Many studies have evaluated short implants (SIs); however, it is still unclear whether SIs are reliable and can be used to simplify surgical and prosthetic protocols with successful clinical outcomes. The aim of this nonrandom, conveniently sampled, prospective, split-mouth study was to compare the clinical outcomes when short SI (≤8 mm) or regular-length implants (RIs; >10 mm) were used in the posterior mandible 2 years after the delivery of splinted reconstructions. Each participant (N = 10) received 4 implants in the posterior mandible; 2 SIs were placed on one side, and 2 RIs were placed contralaterally. Implants were restored with splinted, screw-retained, porcelain-fused-to-metal reconstructions. Survival and success rates, peri-implant marginal bone level (MBL), and soft-tissue parameters were evaluated. No participant dropouts were recorded. Both types of implants showed 100% success and survival rates. From prosthetic delivery to 24 months postloading, bone remineralization of +0.40 mm for the SIs and +0.36 mm for the RIs was observed without statistically significant differences in MBL between the implant types (P = .993). SIs showed significantly higher (P = .001) clinical attachment level and probing depth values. Chipping occurred in one situation in the RI group, resulting in a 97.5% prosthetic success rate, which was 100% for the SIs. After 2 years, SIs with splinted reconstructions showed comparable clinical outcomes to those of RIs. Further long-term controlled clinical studies with balanced experimental designs evaluating random and larger populations are required to corroborate these findings.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Which disinfection protocol provides optimal water contact angle and microhardness for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in��vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different disinfection protocols (1% sodium hypochlorite, denture cleanser gel, and effervescent tablet) on the water contact angle and microhardness of different CAD-CAM PMMA denture base materials by comparing them with a heat-polymerized PMMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens (��10��2 mm) were fabricated from 3 different CAD-CAM PMMAs-AvaDent (AV), Merz M-PM (M-PM), and Polident (Poli)-and a heat-polymerized PMMA (Vynacron) (CV) (n=21). Three disinfection protocols (1% sodium hypochlorite [HC], denture cleanser gel [GEL], an effervescent tablet [TAB]) were applied to simulate 180 days of cleansing. The water contact angle and microhardness of specimens were measured before and after disinfection and compared by using a 2-way ANOVA (��=.05). RESULTS For water contact angle, material (P=.010) and disinfection protocol (P=.002) had a significant effect. The material (P

The hydrolysis of the collagen matrix by metalloproteinases (MMPs) is one of the paradigms that currently arouses most interest due to its close relationship with a decrease in bond strength (BS) and consequent restoration failure. Chlorhexidine 2% has demonstrated its ability to inhibit MMPs’ activity in the permanent dentition, improving the duration of resin–dentine, but there are few studies on deciduous dentition and its possible repercussions. Aim: To determine the influence of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as a dentine pretreatment on the BS of three adhesive systems on primary molars. Methods: 128 primary extracted molars were assigned to eight groups at random. BS in vitro was recorded by micropush-out test, and analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results: BS values oscillated from 15.01 MPa to 20.41 MPa. There was no statistically relevant variation between the BS total mean of those adhesive groups that had received CHX pretreatment versus those that did not. Adper Prompt L-Pop was the self-etching adhesive with the best BS. Adper Scotchbond 1XT was the total-etch adhesive with the best BS values. Conclusions: Application of 2% chlorhexidine for 60 s as dentine pretreatment did not affect the immediate BS of several adhesive systems used in primary dentition.

This clinical report describes the treatment of a complex intraoral situation by fabricating a maxillary implant-retained overdenture with a high-performance polymer (polyetherketoneketone) framework and lithium disilicate crowns and mandibular tooth- and implant-supported ceramic restorations. No complications were noted in 2 years, and the patient was satisfied with function and esthetics.

Objective: To assess the clinical and esthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction of screw-retained one-piece implant crowns fabricated with zirconia abutments after a 4.5- to 8.8-year follow-up. Material and methods: Thirty-two patients (12 women and 20 men), who received 40 implant single crowns in anterior and premolar sites, were included in this prospective study. All restorations were based on ceramic hand-veneered customized CAD/CAM zirconia abutments. The follow-up consisted of clinical and radiological examinations. The pink esthetic score-white esthetic score (PES-WES) was used to evaluate the esthetic outcome. Patients' satisfaction was assessed via visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Implant and prosthetic survival rates were 100% and 97.5%, respectively. Mean marginal bone loss was -0.17 mm (SD 1.16 mm). Probing depth was ≤4 mm in 98.7% and 5 mm in 1.3% of the sites; 8.3% of them were bleeding on probing positive. No technical or biological complications were observed except for one abutment fracture. The mean PES-WES scores were 7.0 and 7.1, respectively. VAS scores (10-point) of 9.41 for function and 9.26 for esthetics showed high patient satisfaction. Conclusion: After a mean observation period of 6 years and 7 months, screw-retained implant crowns based on veneered customized CAD/CAM zirconia abutments with conical connection showed very good clinical performance and may be recommended for the replacement of missing anterior and premolar teeth. (ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04370314). Keywords: all-ceramic restorations; dental implant; implant crowns; one-piece implant crowns; screw-retained implant crowns; survival rate; zirconia abutments.

In many cases, due to anatomical limitations, the placement of regular-length implants cannot be facilitated without the performance of advanced surgical procedures. However, these are associated with morbidity, prolonged treatment time, and costs. To overcome such disadvantages, short implants were introduced. The aim of this prospective pilot split-mouth study was to compare the clinical outcome between short implants (7 mm) and regular-length (≥10 mm) implants placed in the posterior mandible after 1 year of prosthetic delivery. Ten patients received 4 implants in the posterior mandible. Two short implants were placed in one side and 2 regular-length implants were placed contralaterally. These were restored by means of splinted screw-retained metal-ceramic crowns. Marginal bone loss (MBL) and soft-tissue parameters were compared. No implant failed. Both types of implants showed success rates of 90% and survival rates of 100%. From prosthetic delivery to 1 year post-loading a bone gain of +0.29 mm for short implants and +0.19 mm for regular-length implants was present without showing any statistically significant differences in MBL between the 2 implant types (P > .05). Bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, probing depth, and crown-to-implant ratio did not show any statistically significant differences between the 2 implant lengths (P > .05). One case of chipping occurred in the regular-length implant group, leading to a prosthetic survival rate of 95%. Short implants showed a prosthetic survival rate of 100%. After 1 year, short implants showed comparable clinical outcomes to that of regular-length implants, making them a viable treatment option in the posterior mandible.

To evaluate the bond strength of different universal adhesives on deciduous tooth dentineand their relationship with the composition and potential of hydrogen (pH). Methods: An in vitromicro push-out test on 150 samples (n = 50) per group per adhesive, namely, Adhese Universal(ADH; Ivoclar Vivadent), Futurabond U (FUT; Voco GmbH) (Test), and Scotchbond Universal withpre-conditioning (SCO; 3M) (Control), to record bond strength (BS) and type of adhesive failure.Results: The results of the different adhesives (megapascals (MPa)) varied, showing no statisticalsignificance. The corresponding averages are in MPa: ADH, 13.66 2.81; FUT, 14.48 2.88; SCO,14.98 3.96. Additionally, the frequency of type of failure was as follows: mixed (60.7%), adhesive(27.3%), and cohesive (12%). Conclusions: SCO, with a pH of 2.7, showed greater resistance tofracture, while FUT, with a pH of 2.3 and no pre-conditioning, approached the same values, being aone-step adhesive. No relationship was found between failure and type of adhesive.